Recommenders with a Mission: Assessing Diversity in News Recommendations external link

Vrijenhoek, S., Kaya, M., Metoui, N., Möller, J., Odijk, D. & Helberger, N.
CHIIR '21: Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval, pp: 173-183, 2021

Abstract

News recommenders help users to find relevant online content and have the potential to fulfill a crucial role in a democratic society, directing the scarce attention of citizens towards the information that is most important to them. Simultaneously, recent concerns about so-called filter bubbles, misinformation and selective exposure are symptomatic of the disruptive potential of these digital news recommenders. Recommender systems can make or break filter bubbles, and as such can be instrumental in creating either a more closed or a more open internet. Current approaches to evaluating recommender systems are often focused on measuring an increase in user clicks and short-term engagement, rather than measuring the user's longer term interest in diverse and important information. This paper aims to bridge the gap between normative notions of diversity, rooted in democratic theory, and quantitative metrics necessary for evaluating the recommender system. We propose a set of metrics grounded in social science interpretations of diversity and suggest ways for practical implementations.

diversity, Mediarecht, news recommenders

Bibtex

Article{nokey, title = {Recommenders with a Mission: Assessing Diversity in News Recommendations}, author = {Vrijenhoek, S. and Kaya, M. and Metoui, N. and Möller, J. and Odijk, D. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3406522.3446019}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3406522.3446019}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-03-14}, journal = {CHIIR '21: Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval}, abstract = {News recommenders help users to find relevant online content and have the potential to fulfill a crucial role in a democratic society, directing the scarce attention of citizens towards the information that is most important to them. Simultaneously, recent concerns about so-called filter bubbles, misinformation and selective exposure are symptomatic of the disruptive potential of these digital news recommenders. Recommender systems can make or break filter bubbles, and as such can be instrumental in creating either a more closed or a more open internet. Current approaches to evaluating recommender systems are often focused on measuring an increase in user clicks and short-term engagement, rather than measuring the user\'s longer term interest in diverse and important information. This paper aims to bridge the gap between normative notions of diversity, rooted in democratic theory, and quantitative metrics necessary for evaluating the recommender system. We propose a set of metrics grounded in social science interpretations of diversity and suggest ways for practical implementations.}, keywords = {diversity, Mediarecht, news recommenders}, }

From Risk to Reward? The DSA’s risk-based approach to disinformation external link

Pentney, K. & McGonagle, T.
Unravelling the Digital Services Act package', M. Cappello (ed.), IRIS Special, Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory, 1028, pp: 40-57

desinformatie, Digital services act, frontpage, Mediarecht

Bibtex

Chapter{nokey, title = {From Risk to Reward? The DSA’s risk-based approach to disinformation}, author = {Pentney, K. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-special-2021-01en-dsa-package/1680a43e45}, year = {1028}, date = {2021-10-28}, keywords = {desinformatie, Digital services act, frontpage, Mediarecht}, }

Editorial independence in an automated media system external link

Internet Policy Review, vol. 10, num: 3, 2021

Abstract

The media has increasingly grown to rely on automated decision-making to produce and distribute news. This trend challenges our understanding of editorial independence by transforming the role of human editorial judgment and creating new dependencies on external software and data providers, engineers, and platforms. Recent policy initiatives such as the EU’s Media Action Plan and Digital Services Act are now beginning to revisit the way law can enable the media to act independently in the context of new technological tools and actors. Fully understanding and addressing the challenges automation poses to editorial independence, however, first requires better normative insight into the functions editorial independence performs in European media policy. This article provides a normative framework of editorial independence’s functions in European media policy and uses it to explore the new challenges posed by the automation of editorial decision-making.

automated decision making, frontpage, Mediarecht, onafhankelijkheid

Bibtex

Article{nokey, title = {Editorial independence in an automated media system}, author = {Drunen, M. van}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/editorial-independence-automated-media-system}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.14763/2021.3.1569}, year = {0913}, date = {2021-09-13}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {}, abstract = {The media has increasingly grown to rely on automated decision-making to produce and distribute news. This trend challenges our understanding of editorial independence by transforming the role of human editorial judgment and creating new dependencies on external software and data providers, engineers, and platforms. Recent policy initiatives such as the EU’s Media Action Plan and Digital Services Act are now beginning to revisit the way law can enable the media to act independently in the context of new technological tools and actors. Fully understanding and addressing the challenges automation poses to editorial independence, however, first requires better normative insight into the functions editorial independence performs in European media policy. This article provides a normative framework of editorial independence’s functions in European media policy and uses it to explore the new challenges posed by the automation of editorial decision-making.}, keywords = {automated decision making, frontpage, Mediarecht, onafhankelijkheid}, }

Safeguarding the Journalistic DNA: Attitudes towards the Role of Professional Values in Algorithmic News Recommender Designs external link

Bastian, M., Helberger, N. & Makhortykh, M.
Digital Journalism, 2021

Abstract

In contrast to the extensive debate on the influence of algorithmic news recommenders (ANRs) on individual news diets, the interaction between such systems and journalistic norms and missions remain under-studied. The change in the relationship between journalists and the audience caused by the transition to personalized news delivery has profound consequences for the understanding of what journalism should be. To investigate how media practitioners perceive the impact of ANRs on their professional norms and media organizations’ missions, and how these norms and missions can be integrated into ANR design, this article looks at two quality newspapers from the Netherlands and Switzerland. Using an interview-based approach conducted with practitioners in different departments (e.g. journalists, data scientists, and product managers), it explores how ANRs interact with organization-centred and audience-centred journalistic values. The paper’s findings indicate a varying degree of prominence for specific values between individual practitioners in the context of their perception of ANRs. At the same time, the paper also reveals that some organization-centred (e.g. transparency) and most audience-centred (e.g. usability) values are viewed as prerequisites for successful ANR design by practitioners with different professional backgrounds.

algorithmic news recommenders, algoritmen, frontpage, Journalistiek, Mediarecht

Bibtex

Article{Bastian2021, title = {Safeguarding the Journalistic DNA: Attitudes towards the Role of Professional Values in Algorithmic News Recommender Designs}, author = {Bastian, M. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622}, doi = {https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622}, year = {0729}, date = {2021-07-29}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, abstract = {In contrast to the extensive debate on the influence of algorithmic news recommenders (ANRs) on individual news diets, the interaction between such systems and journalistic norms and missions remain under-studied. The change in the relationship between journalists and the audience caused by the transition to personalized news delivery has profound consequences for the understanding of what journalism should be. To investigate how media practitioners perceive the impact of ANRs on their professional norms and media organizations’ missions, and how these norms and missions can be integrated into ANR design, this article looks at two quality newspapers from the Netherlands and Switzerland. Using an interview-based approach conducted with practitioners in different departments (e.g. journalists, data scientists, and product managers), it explores how ANRs interact with organization-centred and audience-centred journalistic values. The paper’s findings indicate a varying degree of prominence for specific values between individual practitioners in the context of their perception of ANRs. At the same time, the paper also reveals that some organization-centred (e.g. transparency) and most audience-centred (e.g. usability) values are viewed as prerequisites for successful ANR design by practitioners with different professional backgrounds.}, keywords = {algorithmic news recommenders, algoritmen, frontpage, Journalistiek, Mediarecht}, }

Regulation of news recommenders in the Digital Services Act: empowering David against the Very Large Online Goliath external link

Helberger, N., Drunen, M. van, Vrijenhoek, S. & Möller, J.
Internet Policy Review, 2021

Digital services act, frontpage, Mediarecht, news recommenders, Regulering

Bibtex

Article{Helberger2021b, title = {Regulation of news recommenders in the Digital Services Act: empowering David against the Very Large Online Goliath}, author = {Helberger, N. and Drunen, M. van and Vrijenhoek, S. and Möller, J.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/regulation-news-recommenders-digital-services-act-empowering-david-against-very-large}, year = {0226}, date = {2021-02-26}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, keywords = {Digital services act, frontpage, Mediarecht, news recommenders, Regulering}, }

News media’s dependency on big tech: should we be worried? external link

Internet Policy Review, 2021

frontpage, Mediarecht

Bibtex

Article{Seipp2021, title = {News media’s dependency on big tech: should we be worried?}, author = {Seipp, T.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/news-medias-dependency-big-tech-should-we-be-worried/1562}, year = {0610}, date = {2021-06-10}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, keywords = {frontpage, Mediarecht}, }

Notions of Disinformation and Related Concepts external link

Betzel, M., Fahy, R., Helberger, N., Marrazzo, F., Matějka, S., Nyakas, L. & Papp, J.
2020

Abstract

Previous work of the European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA) has shown that the definitions used by the European Commission, Member States and online platforms for the different phenomena of disinformation deviate and should be further clarified in order to ensure a consistent approach. The aim of this Report is to provide for clearer and more uniform definitions of disinformation to ensure optimal guidance to all actors involved and contribute to more consistency within the national approaches. The Report also aims to assist in coming to clearer definitions and ensure more consistency and uniformity regarding the notions of political advertising and issue-based advertising. The information for this report was collected through various means including an examination of existing academic research, interviews with relevant stakeholders, particularly from the civil society and media. The scope of the survey was not limited to the single notion of disinformation but also covered concepts that are usually associated with disinformation such as misinformation, malinformation, fake news, false news, false information, and foreign influence operations. Information was collected on definitions, interpretations, and understandings of disinformation and related concepts available in the legislation and other regulation including (self-regulatory) codes and guidelines of ERGA members and observers. The Report concludes with identifying key relevant elements and characteristics of the notions of disinformation, political advertising, and related concepts, and includes recommendations to assist in coming to clearer definitions regarding disinformation, political advertising and issue-based advertising.

disinformatie, Mediarecht, Online platforms

Bibtex

Report{Betzel2020, title = {Notions of Disinformation and Related Concepts}, author = {Betzel, M. and Fahy, R. and Helberger, N. and Marrazzo, F. and Matějka, S. and Nyakas, L. and Papp, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ERGA-SG2-Report-2020-Notions-of-disinformation-and-related-concepts.pdf}, year = {1211}, date = {2020-12-11}, abstract = {Previous work of the European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA) has shown that the definitions used by the European Commission, Member States and online platforms for the different phenomena of disinformation deviate and should be further clarified in order to ensure a consistent approach. The aim of this Report is to provide for clearer and more uniform definitions of disinformation to ensure optimal guidance to all actors involved and contribute to more consistency within the national approaches. The Report also aims to assist in coming to clearer definitions and ensure more consistency and uniformity regarding the notions of political advertising and issue-based advertising. The information for this report was collected through various means including an examination of existing academic research, interviews with relevant stakeholders, particularly from the civil society and media. The scope of the survey was not limited to the single notion of disinformation but also covered concepts that are usually associated with disinformation such as misinformation, malinformation, fake news, false news, false information, and foreign influence operations. Information was collected on definitions, interpretations, and understandings of disinformation and related concepts available in the legislation and other regulation including (self-regulatory) codes and guidelines of ERGA members and observers. The Report concludes with identifying key relevant elements and characteristics of the notions of disinformation, political advertising, and related concepts, and includes recommendations to assist in coming to clearer definitions regarding disinformation, political advertising and issue-based advertising.}, keywords = {disinformatie, Mediarecht, Online platforms}, }

Freedom of expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the Euopean Court of Human Rights external link

Voorhoof, D. & McGonagle, T.
2021

Abstract

This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first four editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2020) have proved hugely successful. The new sixth edition summarises over 339 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database).

ECHR, frontpage, Grondrechten, Journalistiek, jurisprudentie, Mediarecht, Vrijheid van meningsuiting

Bibtex

Article{Voorhoof2021, title = {Freedom of expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the Euopean Court of Human Rights}, author = {Voorhoof, D. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-themes-vol-iii-2020-edition-en-28-april-2021-/1680a24eee}, year = {0506}, date = {2021-05-06}, abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first four editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2020) have proved hugely successful. The new sixth edition summarises over 339 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court\'s online case-law database).}, keywords = {ECHR, frontpage, Grondrechten, Journalistiek, jurisprudentie, Mediarecht, Vrijheid van meningsuiting}, }

Persvrijheidsmonitor 2020 external link

Volgenant, O. & McGonagle, T.
2021

Abstract

Op maandag 3 mei wordt de Internationale Dag van de Persvrijheid gehouden. Op deze dag wordt de jaarlijkse Persvrijheidsmonitor gepresenteerd met een overzicht van de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van de persvrijheid in Nederland.

frontpage, Journalistiek, Mediarecht, persvrijheid

Bibtex

Article{Volgenant2021, title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2020}, author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Persvrijheidsmonitor-2020.pdf}, year = {0503}, date = {2021-05-03}, abstract = {Op maandag 3 mei wordt de Internationale Dag van de Persvrijheid gehouden. Op deze dag wordt de jaarlijkse Persvrijheidsmonitor gepresenteerd met een overzicht van de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van de persvrijheid in Nederland.}, keywords = {frontpage, Journalistiek, Mediarecht, persvrijheid}, }

Nieuws in de platformeconomie external link

De Hofvijver, vol. 11, num: 118, 2021

Abstract

De media stond de afgelopen weken bol van het nieuws dat Google en Facebook op grond van een nieuwe Australische wet moeten gaan betalen voor het gebruik van ‘news content’. In de EU hebben we al een paar jaar zo’n wet, in de vorm van een richtlijn (2019/790) die inmiddels in de Wet op de naburige rechten is geïmplementeerd. Deze zomer treed de herziene wet in werking en hebben uitgevers van perspublicaties aan het auteursrecht vergelijkbare exclusieve rechten ten aanzien van het online (commercieel) gebruik van hun digitale uitgaven. Net als in Australië gebeurde, ging de totstandkoming van de Europese wet gepaard met groot retorisch geweld van zowel de kant van traditionele media als van platformen. Digitale platforms zouden advertentie-inkomsten stelen van kranten en rijk worden over de rug van traditionele media. Persuitgevers zouden voorstander zijn van een de-facto belasting op hyperlinks, gebrek aan innovatiekracht tonen en miskennen hoezeer sociale media en zoekmachines hun bereik exponentieel vergroten, en dat gratis.

Auteursrecht, frontpage, Mediarecht, pers, Platforms

Bibtex

Article{vanEechoud2021, title = {Nieuws in de platformeconomie}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.montesquieu-instituut.nl/id/vlhef5g0pisa/nieuws/nieuws_in_de_platformeconomie}, year = {0329}, date = {2021-03-29}, journal = {De Hofvijver}, volume = {11}, number = {118}, pages = {}, abstract = {De media stond de afgelopen weken bol van het nieuws dat Google en Facebook op grond van een nieuwe Australische wet moeten gaan betalen voor het gebruik van ‘news content’. In de EU hebben we al een paar jaar zo’n wet, in de vorm van een richtlijn (2019/790) die inmiddels in de Wet op de naburige rechten is geïmplementeerd. Deze zomer treed de herziene wet in werking en hebben uitgevers van perspublicaties aan het auteursrecht vergelijkbare exclusieve rechten ten aanzien van het online (commercieel) gebruik van hun digitale uitgaven. Net als in Australië gebeurde, ging de totstandkoming van de Europese wet gepaard met groot retorisch geweld van zowel de kant van traditionele media als van platformen. Digitale platforms zouden advertentie-inkomsten stelen van kranten en rijk worden over de rug van traditionele media. Persuitgevers zouden voorstander zijn van een de-facto belasting op hyperlinks, gebrek aan innovatiekracht tonen en miskennen hoezeer sociale media en zoekmachines hun bereik exponentieel vergroten, en dat gratis.}, keywords = {Auteursrecht, frontpage, Mediarecht, pers, Platforms}, }