Les formalités sont mortes, vive les formalités! Copyright formalities and the reasons for their decline in nineteenth century Europe, external link

van Gompel, S.
2010

Abstract

Modern copyright law is based on the premise that copyright originates from original authorship and exists independently from formalities. This was different in the past, when copyright law was fully occupied with formalities. This paper examines the development of copyright formalities against the background of the upcoming national rights thinking and some conceptual innovations in copyright law in nineteenth century Europe (France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK). Among other things, this paper concludes that, from a historical perspective, formalities are not as incompatible with the natural rights view as is commonly believed. This may cast new light on the possible reintroduction of copyright formalities, which is increasingly called for in the current digital era.

Auteursrecht, Intellectuele eigendom

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Formalities in the digital era: an obstacle or opportunity?, external link

van Gompel, S.
2010

Abstract

This paper, which was presented at the 2009 ALAI conference in London, examines the possible reintroduction of copyright formalities against the background of the challenges that copyright law faces in the digital era. It does so by contrasting the current calls for reintroducing formalities with the legal-historical reasons for their abolition. The paper concludes that, while, in the pre-digital era, the objections against copyright formalities were real, in the light of the changes caused by the advent of digital technologies, there is now sufficient reason to reconsider subjecting copyright to formalities.

Auteursrecht, Intellectuele eigendom

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Digitisation and Online Exploitation of Broadcasters’ Archives external link

van Gompel, S. & Angelopoulos, C.
European Audiovisual Observatory, 0114, Series: IRIS Special, pp: 91, ISBN: 9789287169976

Abstract

The archives of many television broadcasters now contain materiel which includes more than half a century of contemporary, documentary and entertainment history and are of immense cultural and economic value. Digitisation has created an entirely new technical basis for making these assets available to a wide audience, and there are a whole range of projects aimed at opening up audiovisual archives (including those of broadcasters). However, many projects to open up broadcasters' archives and exploit them online generally run up against serious problems when it comes to clearing the rights for these archived works. These problems arise, firstly, due to a contractual practice that developed in the pre-digital era and to aspects of copyright law that do not really meet the needs of the digital age. Secondly, the very large number of works stored in archives constitutes a challenge that is not easily overcome. The aim of this IRIS Special is to discuss the subject from a number of different perspectives. The team of authors involved is accordingly made up of representatives of many different interests: copyright holders and those who look after their interests, television broadcasters, lawyers and copyright experts.

Auteursrecht, Intellectuele eigendom

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Collective Management in the European Union, external link

van Gompel, S. & Guibault, L.
2011

Abstract

This chapter examines efforts to regulate the collective management of copyright at the European level. It is divided in three main parts. First, the chapter describes the current state of the law concerning collective rights management organizations (CMOs) in Europe, as pronounced over the past few decades in decisions of the European Court of Justice and the European Commission in competition matters. Second, the chapter discusses the recent efforts deployed by the European lawmakers toward the establishment of a legal framework governing the activities of CMOs in Europe, and more specifically the multi-territorial licensing of online music services. The third part analyses the actual and potential impact on the market for the cross-border collective management of legitimate online music services of the most recent measures adopted by the European bodies. The chapter critically concludes on the overall state of the law in Europe pertaining to CMOs.

Auteursrecht, Intellectuele eigendom

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Formalities in Copyright Law: An Analysis of Their History, Rationales and Possible Future external link

van Gompel, S.
Kluwer Law International, 2011, Series: Information Law Series, ISBN: 9789041134189

Abstract

At present, copyright is ‘automatic’. From the moment an original work is created, the author enjoys all the benefits that copyright protection entails, without the need to complete a registration, deposit the work, mark it with a copyright notice, or comply with any other statutorily prescribed formality. However, the digital revolution has caused a paradigm shift in the way copyright-protected works are created and consumed. Copyright law is now facing significant challenges arising from the need to establish legal certainty over copyright claims, improve rights clearance, and enhance the free flow of information. Inevitably, proposals to introduce formalities in copyright law (or reintroduce them, as the absence of formalities has not always been the norm) have risen to prominence in legal debate. This book examines whether reintroducing copyright formalities is legally feasible. Based on a comprehensive and thorough analysis of copyright formalities, it sets out to establish the extent to which the current copyright system allows for their reintroduction. To this end, the author describes the role and functions of formalities, revisits the history of formalities at the national and international levels, examines the scope of the international prohibition on formalities, and scrutinizes the rationales behind this prohibition, including an in-depth examination of the validity of the argument that copyright is a ‘natural right’ and therefore should be protected independently of formalities. The author skilfully evaluates and contrasts the conflicting theories according to which formalities, on the one hand, add legal certainty to claims on the ownership of property, and, on the other, hamper individual authors from seeking adequate protection for their works. This book makes an important contribution to legal science by answering questions that so far have been neglected or only marginally addressed. To the degree that current copyright law permits reintroducing formalities, the author posits the specifications that will determine to a great extent what role and functions they may eventually fulfil: depending on the aims to be achieved, lawmakers must choose which types of formalities shall be imposed, and what their legal consequences shall be. This book goes a long way towards reinforcing the foundation for those decisions.

Kluwer Information Law Series

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Ten geleide external link

van Gompel, S.
pp: XI-XIII, 2012

Auteursrecht, Intellectuele eigendom

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Annotatie bij Rb. Amsterdam 26 april 2007 (Jensen / Google) external link

Mediaforum, num: 6, pp: 205-208, 2007

Mediarecht

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De aansprakelijkheid van zoekmachines: Uitzondering zonder regels of regels zonder uitzondering? external link

Computerrecht, num: 1, pp: 15-22, 2008

Abstract

Deze bijdrage gaat in op een belangrijk en lastig juridisch vraagstuk voor zoekmachines, namelijk de aansprakelijkheid voor onrechtmatige zoekresultaten. Alvorens tot een bespreking van het geldende recht over te gaan, zal het onderwerp worden uitgewerkt (§ 2) en worden stilgestaan bij het beleid van de bekendste zoekmachines (§ 3). Daarna volgt een bespreking van de relevante wetgeving op Nederlands en Europees niveau (§ 4) en een bespreking van de Nederlandse jurisprudentie (§ 5). Gezien de bestaande onduidelijkheid zal deze bijdrage afsluiten met een schematische bespreking van de verschillende aanknopingspunten voor het bepalen van de zorgplicht van zoekmachines ten aanzien van onrechtmatige zoekresultaten (§ 6). Om alvast op de conclusie (§ 7) vooruit te lopen: er is nog veel werk te doen voor wetgever, rechtspraak en zoekmachines.

Telecommunicatierecht

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Workshop on Audiovisual Search: Summary of the Discussion external link

Mediarecht

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Freedom of Expression Implications for the Governance of Search external link

IRIS Special, 2009

Grondrechten, Vrijheid van meningsuiting

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