Agenda
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8th International Conference on e-Democracy (eDemocracy 2019)
Athens, Greece
12.12.2019 - 13.12. 2019
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CPDP 2020: Data Protection and Artificial Intelligence
Brussels, Belgium
22.01.2020 - 24.01. 2020
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ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency
Barcelona, Spain
27.01.2020 - 30.01. 2020
News
- Natali Helberger receives NWO funding for research project on microtargeting
- New edition of ‘International Copyright’ by Goldstein & Hugenholtz
- Horizon 2020 grant for IViR research into the development of copyright in digital society
- Martin Senftleben appointed Professor of Intellectual Property Law at IViR
- Safeguarding User Freedoms in Implementing Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: Recommendations from European Academics
- Nico van Eijk appointed Chairman of the Dutch Review Committee on the Intelligence and Security Services (CTIVD)
Publications
| Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini; K. Irion (member of the group of experts) Fundamental rights review of EU data collection instruments and programmes, Final Report, 2019. @online{ofthegroupofexperts)experts)2019, title = {Fundamental rights review of EU data collection instruments and programmes, Final Report, }, author = {Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini; K. Irion (member of the group of experts)}, url = {http://www.fondazionebrodolini.it/sites/default/files/final_report_0.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-04}, abstract = {This report is the result of a Pilot Project requested by the European Parliament, managed by the Commission and carried out by a group of independent experts. The scope of the project was to establish and support an independent experts’ group to carry out a fundamental rights review of existing EU legislation and instruments in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) that involve the collection, retention, storage or transfer of personal data. One outcome of the project is a database of AFSJ legislation and instruments with individual fundamental rights assessments (at http://brodolini.mbs.it/). The final report concludes that that fundamental rights safeguards need to be more consistently considered and applied in the AFSJ. The conclusions highlight five broad issues for further consideration: ambiguous definitions and open terms; law enforcement access to migration databases; the expansion of centralised databases; data retention periods; and information rights and duties.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } This report is the result of a Pilot Project requested by the European Parliament, managed by the Commission and carried out by a group of independent experts. The scope of the project was to establish and support an independent experts’ group to carry out a fundamental rights review of existing EU legislation and instruments in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) that involve the collection, retention, storage or transfer of personal data. One outcome of the project is a database of AFSJ legislation and instruments with individual fundamental rights assessments (at http://brodolini.mbs.it/). The final report concludes that that fundamental rights safeguards need to be more consistently considered and applied in the AFSJ. The conclusions highlight five broad issues for further consideration: ambiguous definitions and open terms; law enforcement access to migration databases; the expansion of centralised databases; data retention periods; and information rights and duties. |
| McGonagle, T., Volgenant, O. Mediaforum, 2019 (5), pp. 167-169, 2019. @article{Volgenant2019b, title = {Kroniek Persrecht 2018}, author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_5.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-29}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {167-169}, abstract = {In 2018 was veiligheid van journalisten een belangrijk thema. Serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama. Individuele journalisten die ernstig werden bedreigd vanuit de hoek van de georganiseerde criminaliteit. Het resulteerde in een convenant met afspraken over geweld en agressie tegen journalisten. 2018 was ook het jaar waarin \textendash eindelijk \textendash het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk werd verankerd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2018 was veiligheid van journalisten een belangrijk thema. Serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama. Individuele journalisten die ernstig werden bedreigd vanuit de hoek van de georganiseerde criminaliteit. Het resulteerde in een convenant met afspraken over geweld en agressie tegen journalisten. 2018 was ook het jaar waarin – eindelijk – het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk werd verankerd. |
| Bednarski, M., Francese Coutinho, M., McGonagle, T., Zimin, A. Elections and media in digital times 2019, (In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Series, UNESCO, Paris, November 2019). @techreport{McGonagle2019h, title = {Elections and media in digital times}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Bednarski, M. and Francese Coutinho, M. and Zimin, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/elections_and_media_in_digital_times.pdf https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000371486}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-21}, publisher = {UNESCO}, abstract = {The study zooms in on a key issue related to the 2019 World Press Freedom Day theme, which focused on “Media for Democracy: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, are often lacking in transparency. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. It is against this backdrop that this Report identifies recent trends on disinformation, attacks on the safety of journalists, and disruption in election communications. The report lists possible responses in order to safeguard media freedom and integrity while strengthening news reportage on elections in digital times.}, note = {In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Series, UNESCO, Paris, November 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The study zooms in on a key issue related to the 2019 World Press Freedom Day theme, which focused on “Media for Democracy: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, are often lacking in transparency. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. It is against this backdrop that this Report identifies recent trends on disinformation, attacks on the safety of journalists, and disruption in election communications. The report lists possible responses in order to safeguard media freedom and integrity while strengthening news reportage on elections in digital times. |
| Power, L., van Eijk, N., Zimin, A., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. 2019. @article{Borgesius2019c, title = {Kansspelreclame: toestaan, beperken, verbieden? : Onderzoek over mogelijke regels voor kansspelreclame voor het Directoraat-Generaal Straffen en Beschermen van het Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Zimin, A. and Power, L. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/kansspelreclame_33996.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-19}, abstract = {Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 33996 nr. R, Eerste Kamer.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 33996 nr. R, Eerste Kamer. |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment – Part II Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019i, title = {Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment \textendash Part II}, author = {Quintais, J. and J\"{u}tte, B.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/19/sample-sample-in-my-song-can-they-tell-where-you-are-from-the-pelham-judgment-part-ii/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-19}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Denying journalist access to asylum-seeker ‘reception centre’ in Hungary violated Article 10 ECHR Strasbourg Observers, 2019. @article{Voorhoof2019, title = {Denying journalist access to asylum-seeker ‘reception centre’ in Hungary violated Article 10 ECHR}, author = {Voorhoof, D. and Fahy, R.}, url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/11/04/denying-journalist-access-to-asylum-seeker-reception-centre-in-hungary-violated-article-10-echr/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-15}, journal = {Strasbourg Observers}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Frosio, G., Hugenholtz, P., Husovec, M., Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J., Senftleben, M., van Gompel, S. 2019. @article{Quintais2019g, title = {Safeguarding User Freedoms in Implementing Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: Recommendations from European Academics}, author = {Quintais, J. and Frosio, G. and van Gompel, S. and Hugenholtz, P. and Husovec, M. and J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3484968}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-12}, abstract = {On 17 May 2019 the new Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was officially published (DSM Directive). Article 17 (ex-Article 13) is one of its most controversial provisions. Article 17(10) tasks the Commission with organising stakeholder dialogues to ensure uniform application of the obligation of cooperation between online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) and rightholders, and to establish best practices with regard to appropriate industry standards of professional diligence. This document offers recommendations on user freedoms and safeguards included in Article 17 of the DSM Directive \textendash namely in its paragraphs (7) and (9) \textendash and should be read in the context of the stakeholder dialogue mentioned in paragraph (10).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On 17 May 2019 the new Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was officially published (DSM Directive). Article 17 (ex-Article 13) is one of its most controversial provisions. Article 17(10) tasks the Commission with organising stakeholder dialogues to ensure uniform application of the obligation of cooperation between online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) and rightholders, and to establish best practices with regard to appropriate industry standards of professional diligence. This document offers recommendations on user freedoms and safeguards included in Article 17 of the DSM Directive – namely in its paragraphs (7) and (9) – and should be read in the context of the stakeholder dialogue mentioned in paragraph (10). |
| Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019h, title = {Safeguarding User Freedoms in Implementing Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: Recommendations from European Academics}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/12/safeguarding-user-freedoms-in-implementing-article-17-of-the-copyright-in-the-digital-single-market-directive-recommendations-from-european-academics/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-12}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Daalen, O. Justitie toegang geven tot versleutelde chatberichten is geen goed idee Trouw, 2019, (Opinie). @article{vanDaalen2019b, title = {Justitie toegang geven tot versleutelde chatberichten is geen goed idee}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.trouw.nl/opinie/justitie-toegang-geven-tot-versleutelde-chatberichten-is-geen-goed-idee~bd398447/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-08}, journal = {Trouw}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment – Part I Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019c, title = {Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment \textendash Part I}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/06/sample-sample-in-my-song-can-they-tell-where-you-are-from-the-pelham-judgment-part-i/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R., Helberger, N., Leerssen, P., McGonagle, T., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties 2019, (Tussenrapportage oktober 2019). @techreport{vanHoboken2019c, title = {De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/verspreiding_desinformatie_internetdiensten_tussenrapportage.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, abstract = {Rapport in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 30821, nr. 91, Tweede Kamer.}, note = {Tussenrapportage oktober 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Rapport in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 30821, nr. 91, Tweede Kamer. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Rb Noord-Nederland 24 juli 2019 (Piet Hein Eek / Dudink) AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 180-181, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019h, title = {Annotatie bij Rb Noord-Nederland 24 juli 2019 (Piet Hein Eek / Dudink)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_5.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {180-181}, abstract = {Meubelontwerper Piet Hein Eek heeft auteursrecht op de door hem ontworpen meubels van sloophout. Een aantal van de door gedaagde vervaardigde sloophouten tafels en stoelen maken wegens overeenstemmende totaalindrukken inbreuk op het auteursrecht van Eek. Vordering tot vergoeding van schade wegens winstderving toelaatbaar. Geen vergoeding wegens waardevermindering van het auteursrecht.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Meubelontwerper Piet Hein Eek heeft auteursrecht op de door hem ontworpen meubels van sloophout. Een aantal van de door gedaagde vervaardigde sloophouten tafels en stoelen maken wegens overeenstemmende totaalindrukken inbreuk op het auteursrecht van Eek. Vordering tot vergoeding van schade wegens winstderving toelaatbaar. Geen vergoeding wegens waardevermindering van het auteursrecht. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Artikelen 3 en 4 DSM-richtlijn: tekst- en datamining AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 167-171, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019i, title = {Artikelen 3 en 4 DSM-richtlijn: tekst- en datamining}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_5.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {167-171}, abstract = {Tekst- en datamining (TDM) \textendash het geautomatiseerd analyseren van grote hoeveelheden ongestructureerde tekst en data \textendash is niet meer weg te denken uit de wetenschap, en speelt daarnaast een steeds grotere rol in een veelheid van andere domeinen, vari\"{e}rend van journalistiek tot artifici\"{e}le intelligentie. De nieuwe DSMrichtlijn voorziet daarom in een tweetal beperkingen van het auteursrecht en het databankenrecht ten aanzien van tekst- en datamining: de ene ten behoeve van nonprofit wetenschappelijk onderzoek (art. 3), de andere voor andere doeleinden (art. 4). Daarmee ontstaat de indruk dat de richtlijn voor TDM ruim baan heeft gemaakt, maar deze schijn bedriegt. Rechthebbenden kunnen door middel van een ‘opt-out’ tekst- en datamining voor commerci\"{e}le doeleinden uitsluiten of aan licenties onderwerpen. In dit artikel worden de TDM-bepalingen van de DSMrichtlijn kritisch besproken. Daaraan gaat vooraf een kort expos\'{e} over tekst- en datamining en de stand van zaken naar huidig auteursrecht.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tekst- en datamining (TDM) – het geautomatiseerd analyseren van grote hoeveelheden ongestructureerde tekst en data – is niet meer weg te denken uit de wetenschap, en speelt daarnaast een steeds grotere rol in een veelheid van andere domeinen, variërend van journalistiek tot artificiële intelligentie. De nieuwe DSMrichtlijn voorziet daarom in een tweetal beperkingen van het auteursrecht en het databankenrecht ten aanzien van tekst- en datamining: de ene ten behoeve van nonprofit wetenschappelijk onderzoek (art. 3), de andere voor andere doeleinden (art. 4). Daarmee ontstaat de indruk dat de richtlijn voor TDM ruim baan heeft gemaakt, maar deze schijn bedriegt. Rechthebbenden kunnen door middel van een ‘opt-out’ tekst- en datamining voor commerciële doeleinden uitsluiten of aan licenties onderwerpen. In dit artikel worden de TDM-bepalingen van de DSMrichtlijn kritisch besproken. Daaraan gaat vooraf een kort exposé over tekst- en datamining en de stand van zaken naar huidig auteursrecht. |
| Keller, P. AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 172-173, 2019. @article{Keller2019, title = {Over artikel 14 DSM-richtlijn: Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner digitalen Reproduzierbarkeit: Reactie van een fijnproever}, author = {Keller, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_5-1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {172-173}, abstract = {In 1935 schreef de Duitse filosoof Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) in Parijs het invloedrijke essay ‘Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit’ waarin hij de cultuurtheoretische gevolgen van (fotografische) reproducties van werken van beeldende kunst analyseerde. In het licht van de snelle opkomst van fotografie en de toenemende kwaliteit van fotografische reproducties postuleerde hij dat de originaliteit van kunstwerken gebaseerd was op hun eenmaligheid in het “hier und jetzt”. Reproducties van kunstwerken kenmerken zich volgens Benjamin door het verlies van de aan het originele kunstwerk eigen zijnde “aura”. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 1935 schreef de Duitse filosoof Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) in Parijs het invloedrijke essay ‘Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit’ waarin hij de cultuurtheoretische gevolgen van (fotografische) reproducties van werken van beeldende kunst analyseerde. In het licht van de snelle opkomst van fotografie en de toenemende kwaliteit van fotografische reproducties postuleerde hij dat de originaliteit van kunstwerken gebaseerd was op hun eenmaligheid in het “hier und jetzt”. Reproducties van kunstwerken kenmerken zich volgens Benjamin door het verlies van de aan het originele kunstwerk eigen zijnde “aura”. |
| McGonagle, T. 31.10.2019, (Council of Europe video). @misc{McGonagle2019i, title = {Why Quality Journalism Matters? Tarlach McGonagle answers the question ahead of the international conference in Ljubljana}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://vimeo.com/370090341 https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/qualityjournalism2019}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, note = {Council of Europe video}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {presentation} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2019 (43), pp. 6142-6145, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019g, title = {Annotatie bij HvJ EU 31 mei 2016 (Reha Training), HvJ EU 29 november 2017 (Vcast) en HvJ EU 7 augustus 2018 (Renckoff)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_371.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-22}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2019}, number = {43}, pages = {6142-6145}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Strasbourg Observers, 2019. @article{Fahy2019c, title = {ECtHR engages in dangerous "triple pirouette" to find criminal prosecution for media coverage of PKK statements did not violate Article 10}, author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/10/14/ecthr-engages-in-dangerous-triple-pirouette-to-find-criminal-prosecution-for-media-coverage-of-pkk-statements-did-not-violate-article-10/#more-4435}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-14}, journal = {Strasbourg Observers}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Angelopoulos, C., Quintais, J. Fixing Copyright Reform: A Better Solution to Online Infringement JIPITEC, 10 (2), 2019. @article{Angelopoulos2019, title = {Fixing Copyright Reform: A Better Solution to Online Infringement}, author = {Angelopoulos, C. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-10-2-2019/4913}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-11}, journal = {JIPITEC}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, abstract = {The newly-adopted Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSMD) will fundamentally reshape EU copyright law. Among its most controversial offerings is Article 17, the so-called “value gap” provision, aimed at solving the alleged mismatch between the value that online content-sharing platforms extract from creative content and the revenue returned to the copyright-holders. This article argues that the new rules are misguided, misconceiving the real problems afflicting modern copyright. These are the proliferation of copyright infringement online in general \textendash not only through content-sharing platforms \textendash and the current piecemeal harmonisation of the rules on the liability of the intermediaries whose services are used to access and disseminate copyright-protected content. The current outdated and fragmented EU legal framework is ill-equipped to address these problems. Instead, it creates legal uncertainty for users and intermediaries in the online environment, while also failing to compensate creators fairly. The new rules will not change this. This article examines the pre-DSMD acquis and proposes a better solution than Article 17, consisting of two key changes: (a) the introduction of a harmonised EU framework for accessory liability for third party copyright infringement; and (b) the adoption of an alternative compensation system for right-holders covering non-commercial direct copyright use by the end-users of certain online platforms.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The newly-adopted Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSMD) will fundamentally reshape EU copyright law. Among its most controversial offerings is Article 17, the so-called “value gap” provision, aimed at solving the alleged mismatch between the value that online content-sharing platforms extract from creative content and the revenue returned to the copyright-holders. This article argues that the new rules are misguided, misconceiving the real problems afflicting modern copyright. These are the proliferation of copyright infringement online in general – not only through content-sharing platforms – and the current piecemeal harmonisation of the rules on the liability of the intermediaries whose services are used to access and disseminate copyright-protected content. The current outdated and fragmented EU legal framework is ill-equipped to address these problems. Instead, it creates legal uncertainty for users and intermediaries in the online environment, while also failing to compensate creators fairly. The new rules will not change this. This article examines the pre-DSMD acquis and proposes a better solution than Article 17, consisting of two key changes: (a) the introduction of a harmonised EU framework for accessory liability for third party copyright infringement; and (b) the adoption of an alternative compensation system for right-holders covering non-commercial direct copyright use by the end-users of certain online platforms. |
| Ausloos, J., Helberger, N., Leerssen, P., Vreese, C.H. de, Zarouali, B. Platform ad archives: promises and pitfalls Internet Policy Review, 8 (4), 2019. @article{Leerssen2019b, title = { Platform ad archives: promises and pitfalls}, author = {Leerssen, P. and Ausloos, J. and Zarouali, B. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/platform-ad-archives-promises-and-pitfalls}, doi = {10.14763/2019.4.1421}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-10}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, abstract = {This paper discusses the new phenomenon of platform ad archives. Over the past year, leading social media platforms have installed publicly accessible databases documenting their political advertisements, and several countries have moved to regulate them. If designed and implemented properly, ad archives can correct for structural informational asymmetries in the online advertising industry, and thereby improve accountability through litigation and through publicity. However, present implementations leave much to be desired. We discuss key criticisms, suggest several improvements and identify areas for future research and debate.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper discusses the new phenomenon of platform ad archives. Over the past year, leading social media platforms have installed publicly accessible databases documenting their political advertisements, and several countries have moved to regulate them. If designed and implemented properly, ad archives can correct for structural informational asymmetries in the online advertising industry, and thereby improve accountability through litigation and through publicity. However, present implementations leave much to be desired. We discuss key criticisms, suggest several improvements and identify areas for future research and debate. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 348) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (40), pp. 5658-5659, 2019. @article{Dommering2019e, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 348)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_348.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-08}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {40}, pages = {5658-5659}, abstract = {Ophangen van posters waarin bouwbedrijf in verband wordt gebracht met deportaties door gesloten gezinsvoorziening te bouwen in Detentiecentrum Zeist. Oordeel dat veroordeling ter zake smaadschrift geen strijd oplevert met vrijheid van meningsuiting ontoereikend gemotiveerd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ophangen van posters waarin bouwbedrijf in verband wordt gebracht met deportaties door gesloten gezinsvoorziening te bouwen in Detentiecentrum Zeist. Oordeel dat veroordeling ter zake smaadschrift geen strijd oplevert met vrijheid van meningsuiting ontoereikend gemotiveerd. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 349) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (40), pp. 5677, 2019. @article{Dommering2019f, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 349)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_349.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-08}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {40}, pages = {5677}, abstract = {Het hof kon oordelen dat met de door verdachte opgeplakte poster werd opgeruid tot 'gewelddadig optreden tegen het openbaar gezag' en dat veroordeling niet in strijd is met vrijheid van meningsuiting.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het hof kon oordelen dat met de door verdachte opgeplakte poster werd opgeruid tot 'gewelddadig optreden tegen het openbaar gezag' en dat veroordeling niet in strijd is met vrijheid van meningsuiting. |
| Husovec, M., Quintais, J. 2019, (Working paper). @article{Husovec2019, title = {How to license Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms}, author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3463011}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-03}, abstract = {How can the EU Member States license Article 17 of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market? This is the central question that this paper addresses. To answer it, we first analyse the nature of the right included in Article 17. We argue that the nature of the right has a number of serious consequences for its licensing. First, it determines whether the right is mandated by public international law, and hence what licensing modalities are allowed under the 1994 WTO TRIPS Agreement and 1996 WIPO treaties. Second, it clarifies what other conditions European Union law itself imposes on the newly established right and its implementation into national law. These restraints shape the margin of discretion of EU Member States. Third, it may imply changes to existing licensing practices, including the need for collective rights management organisations to obtain new mandates. Fourth, it influences how Member States can incorporate users’ rights into the legal framework. We argue that Article 17 is a special or sui generis right. We identify how this right fits the existing international and EU law, and explain why the Member States have a broad margin of discretion when implementing the corresponding licensing regimes. Perhaps most importantly, and counter-intuitively, we show that the legal arguments against Article 17 licensing via modalities of statutory licensing and mandatory collective management schemes are weaker than one might initially think.}, note = {Working paper}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } How can the EU Member States license Article 17 of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market? This is the central question that this paper addresses. To answer it, we first analyse the nature of the right included in Article 17. We argue that the nature of the right has a number of serious consequences for its licensing. First, it determines whether the right is mandated by public international law, and hence what licensing modalities are allowed under the 1994 WTO TRIPS Agreement and 1996 WIPO treaties. Second, it clarifies what other conditions European Union law itself imposes on the newly established right and its implementation into national law. These restraints shape the margin of discretion of EU Member States. Third, it may imply changes to existing licensing practices, including the need for collective rights management organisations to obtain new mandates. Fourth, it influences how Member States can incorporate users’ rights into the legal framework. We argue that Article 17 is a special or sui generis right. We identify how this right fits the existing international and EU law, and explain why the Member States have a broad margin of discretion when implementing the corresponding licensing regimes. Perhaps most importantly, and counter-intuitively, we show that the legal arguments against Article 17 licensing via modalities of statutory licensing and mandatory collective management schemes are weaker than one might initially think. |
| Ende, M. van der, Poort, J., Yagafarova, A. TPEdigitaal, 13 (2), pp. 97-111, 2019. @article{Poort2019d, title = {Polderpiraten voor anker}, author = {Poort, J. and Ende, M. van der and Yagafarova, A.}, url = {http://www.tpedigitaal.nl/artikel/polderpiraten-voor-anker}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, journal = {TPEdigitaal}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {97-111}, abstract = {Dit artikel bespreekt hoe de verwerving en consumptie van muziek, films, series, games en boeken zich tussen 2012 en 2017 in Nederland heeft ontwikkeld. Voor al deze soorten materiaal is de omzet in die periode gestegen, behalve voor boeken. De groep die weleens materiaal downloadt of streamt uit illegale bronnen is kleiner geworden voor muziek en games, gelijk gebleven voor films en series en licht gestegen voor boeken. Piraten consumeren echter veel vaker betaalde content dan niet-piraten. De vrees voor piraterij zou de ontwikkeling van e-boekabonnementen daarom niet in de weg moeten staan.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dit artikel bespreekt hoe de verwerving en consumptie van muziek, films, series, games en boeken zich tussen 2012 en 2017 in Nederland heeft ontwikkeld. Voor al deze soorten materiaal is de omzet in die periode gestegen, behalve voor boeken. De groep die weleens materiaal downloadt of streamt uit illegale bronnen is kleiner geworden voor muziek en games, gelijk gebleven voor films en series en licht gestegen voor boeken. Piraten consumeren echter veel vaker betaalde content dan niet-piraten. De vrees voor piraterij zou de ontwikkeling van e-boekabonnementen daarom niet in de weg moeten staan. |
| Coutinho, M.F., Delinavelli, G., Fahy, R., Irion, K., Jusić, T., Kersevan Smokvina, T., Klimkiewicz, B., Llorens, C., Rozgonyi, K., Svensson, S., Til, G. van The independence of media regulatory authorities in Europe 2019, (Capello, M. (ed.), IRIS Special 2019-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg). @techreport{Irion2019b, title = {The independence of media regulatory authorities in Europe}, author = {Irion, K. and Delinavelli, G. and Coutinho, M.F. and Fahy, R. and Jusi\'{c}, T. and Klimkiewicz, B. and Llorens, C. and Rozgonyi, K. and Svensson, S. and Kersevan Smokvina, T. and Til, G. van}, editor = {Capello, M.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/the-independence-of-media-regulatory-authorities-in-europe/168097e504}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, publisher = {European Audiovisual Observatory}, note = {Capello, M. (ed.), IRIS Special 2019-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Bastian, M., Drunen, M. van, Helberger, N. International Data Privacy Law, 2019 , 2019. @article{Drunen2019, title = {Know you algorithm: what media organizations need to explain to their users about news personalization}, author = {Drunen, M. van and Helberger, N. and Bastian, M.}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/idpl/advance-article/doi/10.1093/idpl/ipz011/5544759}, doi = {10.1093/idpl/ipz011}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {Key Points: - If the right to an explanation is expected to effectively safeguard users’ rights, it must be interpreted in a manner that takes the contextual risks algorithms pose to those rights into account. - This article provides a framework of transparency instruments in the context of the news personalization algorithms employed by both traditional media organizations and social media companies. - Explaining the impact on a user’s news diet and the role of editorial values in the algorithm is especially important in this context. - Conversely, explanations of individual decisions and counterfactual explanations face specific practical and normative barriers that limit their utility.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Key Points: - If the right to an explanation is expected to effectively safeguard users’ rights, it must be interpreted in a manner that takes the contextual risks algorithms pose to those rights into account. - This article provides a framework of transparency instruments in the context of the news personalization algorithms employed by both traditional media organizations and social media companies. - Explaining the impact on a user’s news diet and the role of editorial values in the algorithm is especially important in this context. - Conversely, explanations of individual decisions and counterfactual explanations face specific practical and normative barriers that limit their utility. |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Conference on Freedom of Expression and Copyright: Luxembourg, 7 November 2019 Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019b, title = {Conference on Freedom of Expression and Copyright: Luxembourg, 7 November 2019}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/09/24/conference-on-freedom-of-expression-and-copyright-luxembourg-7-november-2019/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-26}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Mil, J. van Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 23 mei 2019 Computerrecht, 2019 (4), pp. 267-273, 2019. @article{Mil2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 23 mei 2019 }, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_CR_2019_4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-19}, journal = {Computerrecht}, volume = {2019}, number = {4}, pages = {267-273}, abstract = {De rechtbank bakent de omvang van het inzagerecht af in overeenstemming met eerdere jurisprudentie, waarmee zij verwerkingsverantwoordelijke handvatten biedt voor die gevallen waarin zij zich geconfronteerd ziet met inzageverzoeken.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De rechtbank bakent de omvang van het inzagerecht af in overeenstemming met eerdere jurisprudentie, waarmee zij verwerkingsverantwoordelijke handvatten biedt voor die gevallen waarin zij zich geconfronteerd ziet met inzageverzoeken. |
| Bountouridis, D., Harambam, J., Makhortykh, M., van Hoboken, J. RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, pp. 69-77, 2019. @article{Harambam2019b, title = {Designing for the Better by Taking Users into Account: A Qualitative Evaluation of User Control Mechanisms in (News) Recommender Systems}, author = {Harambam, J. and Bountouridis, D. and Makhortykh, M. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_recsys_19.pdf https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3347014}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-19}, journal = {RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems}, pages = {69-77}, abstract = {Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Neighbouring Rights are Obsolete IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019f, title = {Neighbouring Rights are Obsolete}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IIC_2019.pdf}, doi = {10.1007/s40319-019-00864-3}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-03}, journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law}, abstract = {Neighbouring rights based on technological investment that do not provide for a threshold test and corresponding rule of scope, such as the phonographic right, the broadcaster’s right and Europe’s film producer’s right, are outdated and inherently unbalanced. The new press publisher’s right introduced by the EU DSM Directive is similarly unbalanced.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Neighbouring rights based on technological investment that do not provide for a threshold test and corresponding rule of scope, such as the phonographic right, the broadcaster’s right and Europe’s film producer’s right, are outdated and inherently unbalanced. The new press publisher’s right introduced by the EU DSM Directive is similarly unbalanced. |
| van Gompel, S. Patent Abolition: A Real-Life Historical Case Study American University International Law Review, 34 (4), pp. 877-922, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019f, title = {Patent Abolition: A Real-Life Historical Case Study}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AUILR_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-23}, journal = {American University International Law Review}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {877-922}, abstract = {Over time, patent abolition has been the subject of fierce academic debate. However, no country in the world has ever abolished patents, except for one. Between 1869 and 1912, the Netherlands officially abandoned patents. This unique case is often mentioned in the literature on patent abolition, but the accounts drawn up so far present an incomplete and somewhat obscure image of the motives behind the decision of the Dutch government to eliminate patents. This paper fills this gap by conducting a full analysis of the various \textendash legal, economic, practical, and political \textendash arguments that have inspired the Dutch to abolish patents. By so doing, it sketches a striking picture of the circumstances that gave rise to the exceptional Dutch case. Translating this to today’s reality, which is so entirely different, it seems unlikely that we will soon witness another case where all the necessary ingredients will so neatly coincide as they did in the Netherlands in the late 1860s. Therefore, another real-life example of a developed country abolishing patents appears far away.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over time, patent abolition has been the subject of fierce academic debate. However, no country in the world has ever abolished patents, except for one. Between 1869 and 1912, the Netherlands officially abandoned patents. This unique case is often mentioned in the literature on patent abolition, but the accounts drawn up so far present an incomplete and somewhat obscure image of the motives behind the decision of the Dutch government to eliminate patents. This paper fills this gap by conducting a full analysis of the various – legal, economic, practical, and political – arguments that have inspired the Dutch to abolish patents. By so doing, it sketches a striking picture of the circumstances that gave rise to the exceptional Dutch case. Translating this to today’s reality, which is so entirely different, it seems unlikely that we will soon witness another case where all the necessary ingredients will so neatly coincide as they did in the Netherlands in the late 1860s. Therefore, another real-life example of a developed country abolishing patents appears far away. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (33/34), pp. 4691-4693, 2019. @article{Dommering2019d, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_293.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-22}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {33/34}, pages = {4691-4693}, abstract = {Wanneer is de pers aansprakelijk voor de inhoud van de informatie op een site waarnaar in de berichtgeving een hyperlink is geplaatst.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Wanneer is de pers aansprakelijk voor de inhoud van de informatie op een site waarnaar in de berichtgeving een hyperlink is geplaatst. |
| Hins, A. Book review of Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression in the EU Common Market Law Review, 56 (4), pp. 1154-1155, 2019. @article{Hins2019b, title = {Book review of Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression in the EU}, author = {Hins, A.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-22}, journal = {Common Market Law Review}, volume = {56}, number = {4}, pages = {1154-1155}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J. The Decline of Online Piracy: How Markets - Not Enforcement - Drive Down Copyright Infringement American University International Law Review, 34 (4), pp. 807-876, 2019. @article{Quintais2019f, title = {The Decline of Online Piracy: How Markets - Not Enforcement - Drive Down Copyright Infringement}, author = {Quintais, J. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3437239}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-20}, journal = {American University International Law Review}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {807-876}, abstract = {This article deals with the acquisition and consumption of music, films, series, books, and games through the various legal and illegal channels that exist nowadays, in a set of thirteen countries across the globe. The article has four aims. First, it provides an overview of the rules on liability for and enforcement of online copyright infringement in the countries studied. Second, it gives factual information about the state of authorized and unauthorized acquisition and consumption of these types of content. The third aim is to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the link with enforcement measures and legal supply. Lastly, the article assesses the effect of online piracy on consumption from legal sources. To further these aims, the article combines different sources and empirical methods, including consumer surveys among nearly 35.000 respondents and comparative legal research. Our main conclusion is that online piracy is declining. The key driver for this decline is the increasing availability of affordable legal content, rather than enforcement measures. Where the legal supply of copyright-protected content is affordable, convenient and diverse, consumers are willing to pay for it and abandon piracy. Policymakers should therefore shift their focus from repressive approaches to tackle online infringement towards policies and measures that foster lawful remunerated access to copyright-protected content.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article deals with the acquisition and consumption of music, films, series, books, and games through the various legal and illegal channels that exist nowadays, in a set of thirteen countries across the globe. The article has four aims. First, it provides an overview of the rules on liability for and enforcement of online copyright infringement in the countries studied. Second, it gives factual information about the state of authorized and unauthorized acquisition and consumption of these types of content. The third aim is to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the link with enforcement measures and legal supply. Lastly, the article assesses the effect of online piracy on consumption from legal sources. To further these aims, the article combines different sources and empirical methods, including consumer surveys among nearly 35.000 respondents and comparative legal research. Our main conclusion is that online piracy is declining. The key driver for this decline is the increasing availability of affordable legal content, rather than enforcement measures. Where the legal supply of copyright-protected content is affordable, convenient and diverse, consumers are willing to pay for it and abandon piracy. Policymakers should therefore shift their focus from repressive approaches to tackle online infringement towards policies and measures that foster lawful remunerated access to copyright-protected content. |
| McGonagle, T. Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’ 2019. @article{McGonagle2019g, title = {Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CM-Rec20164-Infographic.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-07}, abstract = {The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation. |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. , 2019, ISBN: 9789279930027, (A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.). @techreport{vanHoboken2019b, title = {Hosting intermediary services and illegal content online: An analysis of the scope of article 14 ECD in light of developments in the online service landscape}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/hosting_intermediary_services.pdf}, doi = {10.2759/284542}, isbn = {9789279930027}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-06}, volume = {2018}, publisher = {European Union}, abstract = {This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments. }, note = {A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments. |
| Kabel, J. Het prinsesje op de erwt en de tovenaarsleerling Privacy & Informatie, 22 (3), pp. 89-90, 2019, (Redactioneel). @article{Kabel2019c, title = {Het prinsesje op de erwt en de tovenaarsleerling}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PI_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-30}, journal = {Privacy & Informatie}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {89-90}, note = {Redactioneel}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Kabel, J. AMI, 2019 (3), pp. 96-99, 2019. @article{Kabel2019b, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 29 maart 2019 (Dijkstra / De 4 Jaargetijden): Is artikel 25 Aw nu eindelijk helemaal af?}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-26}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {96-99}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The New Copyright Directive: Text and Data Mining (Articles 3 and 4) Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019e, title = {The New Copyright Directive: Text and Data Mining (Articles 3 and 4)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/07/24/the-new-copyright-directive-text-and-data-mining-articles-3-and-4/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-25}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Quintais, J. The New Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: A Critical Look European Intellectual Property Review, Forthcoming. @article{Quintais2019e, title = {The New Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: A Critical Look}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3424770}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-25}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, abstract = {On 17 May 2019 the official version of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was published. This marks the end of a controversial legislative process at EU level. It also marks the beginning of what will surely be a contentious process of national implementation. This article provides an overview and critical examination of the new Directive. It argues that what started as a legislative instrument to promote the digital single market turned into an industry policy tool, shaped more by effective lobbying than evidence and expertise. The result is a flawed piece of legislation. Despite some positive aspects, the Directive includes multiple problematic provisions, including the controversial new right for press publishers and the new liability regime for content-sharing platforms. On balance, the Directive denotes a normative preference for private ordering over public choice in EU copyright law, and lacks adequate safeguards for users. It is also a complex text with multiple ambiguities, which will likely fail promote the desired harmonization and legal certainty in this area.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } On 17 May 2019 the official version of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was published. This marks the end of a controversial legislative process at EU level. It also marks the beginning of what will surely be a contentious process of national implementation. This article provides an overview and critical examination of the new Directive. It argues that what started as a legislative instrument to promote the digital single market turned into an industry policy tool, shaped more by effective lobbying than evidence and expertise. The result is a flawed piece of legislation. Despite some positive aspects, the Directive includes multiple problematic provisions, including the controversial new right for press publishers and the new liability regime for content-sharing platforms. On balance, the Directive denotes a normative preference for private ordering over public choice in EU copyright law, and lacks adequate safeguards for users. It is also a complex text with multiple ambiguities, which will likely fail promote the desired harmonization and legal certainty in this area. |
| Kostić, B., McGonagle, T. How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM European Yearbook of Minority Issues, 16 (1), pp. 3-33, 2019. @article{Kosti\'{c}2019, title = {How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM}, author = {Kosti\'{c}, B. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/journals/ymio/16/1/article-p1_2.xml}, doi = {10.1163/22116117_01601002}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {European Yearbook of Minority Issues}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {3-33}, abstract = {Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues. |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Prijsdiscriminatie, privacy en publieke opinie Ars Aequi, 2019 , pp. 580-590, 2019. @article{Poort2019c, title = {Prijsdiscriminatie, privacy en publieke opinie}, author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, pages = {580-590}, abstract = {Webwinkels zijn technisch in staat om elke consument een andere prijs aan te bieden: online prijsdiscriminatie. Dit artikel bespreekt twee enqu\^{e}tes over dergelijke praktijken die zijn gehouden onder de Nederlandse bevolking en onderzoekt de implicaties van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) voor online prijsdiscriminatie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Webwinkels zijn technisch in staat om elke consument een andere prijs aan te bieden: online prijsdiscriminatie. Dit artikel bespreekt twee enquêtes over dergelijke praktijken die zijn gehouden onder de Nederlandse bevolking en onderzoekt de implicaties van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) voor online prijsdiscriminatie. |
| Helberger, N., Makhortykh, M., Möller, J. Filter bubbles in the Netherlands 2019, (Report commissioned by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media)). @techreport{M\"{o}ller2019b, title = {Filter bubbles in the Netherlands}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Filter-bubbles-in-the-Netherlands.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, urldate = {2019-06-28}, abstract = {The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands?}, note = {Report commissioned by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands? |
| Giannopoulou, A. The New Copyright Directive: Article 14 or when the Public Domain Enters the New Copyright Directive Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Giannopoulou2019b, title = {The New Copyright Directive: Article 14 or when the Public Domain Enters the New Copyright Directive }, author = {Giannopoulou, A.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/27/the-new-copyright-directive-article-14-or-when-the-public-domain-enters-the-new-copyright-directive/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N. On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders Digital Journalism, 7 (8), pp. 993-1012, 2019. @article{Helberger2019b, title = {On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders}, author = {Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700}, doi = {10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, urldate = {2019-06-28}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {993-1012}, abstract = {Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’. |
| Albrecht, Y., Bockxmeer, H. van, Dibbits, T., Helberger, N., Kasem, I., Oudeman, M., Vanseveren, W., Vermeir, L. Samen voor het publiek belang. Evaluatierapport NPO 2013 t/m 2017 2019. @techreport{Oudeman2019, title = {Samen voor het publiek belang. Evaluatierapport NPO 2013 t/m 2017}, author = {Oudeman, M. and Albrecht, Y. and Bockxmeer, H. van and Dibbits, T. and Helberger, N. and Kasem, I. and Vanseveren, W. and Vermeir, L.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/evaluatie_rapport-visitatiecommissie_npo.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, abstract = {In september 2018 is, in opdracht van de raad van toezicht, de evaluatiecommissie Nederlandse Publieke Omroep gestart met haar evaluatie van de prestaties van de NPO in de periode 2013 t/m 2017, inclusief de beantwoording van de vraag naar de slagvaardigheid van de NPO. De evaluatieperiode beslaat dus een periode v\'{o}\'{o}r de wetswijziging van 2016 en een periode erna, waarin sprake was van aangescherpte rollen en bevoegdheden voor de raad van bestuur en de raad van toezicht van de NPO. Dit rapport is de weerslag van onze bevindingen. Daarnaast heeft de commissie een aantal aanbevelingen toegevoegd waarmee zij een bijdrage hoopt te leveren aan de NPO in de toekomst. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In september 2018 is, in opdracht van de raad van toezicht, de evaluatiecommissie Nederlandse Publieke Omroep gestart met haar evaluatie van de prestaties van de NPO in de periode 2013 t/m 2017, inclusief de beantwoording van de vraag naar de slagvaardigheid van de NPO. De evaluatieperiode beslaat dus een periode vóór de wetswijziging van 2016 en een periode erna, waarin sprake was van aangescherpte rollen en bevoegdheden voor de raad van bestuur en de raad van toezicht van de NPO. Dit rapport is de weerslag van onze bevindingen. Daarnaast heeft de commissie een aantal aanbevelingen toegevoegd waarmee zij een bijdrage hoopt te leveren aan de NPO in de toekomst. |
| van Gompel, S. C. op den Kamp & D. Hunter, (Ed.): A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects, 2019 , Chapter 12, pp. 104-111, Cambridge University Press, 2019, ISBN: 9781108325806. @inbook{vanGompel2019e, title = {Light Bulb}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, editor = {C. op den Kamp & D. Hunter, }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Light_Bulb.pdf}, doi = {10.1017/9781108325806}, isbn = {9781108325806}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-26}, urldate = {2019-06-26}, booktitle = {A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects}, volume = {2019}, pages = {104-111}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, chapter = {12}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Article 10 ECHR and Expressive Conduct Communications Law, 24 (2), pp. 62-73, 2019, (Pre-print). @article{Fahy2019bb, title = {Article 10 ECHR and Expressive Conduct}, author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Communications_Law_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-25}, journal = {Communications Law}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {62-73}, abstract = {The European Court of Human Rights has recently delivered a series of judgments finding violations of the right to freedom of expression over convictions for engaging in expressive conduct. The purpose of this article is to discuss the European Court's recent case law on expressive conduct under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular to assess in what circumstances, if any, domestic courts may impose prison sentences, even if suspended, on individuals engaging in peaceful, but provocative and offensive expression.}, note = {Pre-print}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The European Court of Human Rights has recently delivered a series of judgments finding violations of the right to freedom of expression over convictions for engaging in expressive conduct. The purpose of this article is to discuss the European Court's recent case law on expressive conduct under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular to assess in what circumstances, if any, domestic courts may impose prison sentences, even if suspended, on individuals engaging in peaceful, but provocative and offensive expression. |
| Bodó, B., Handke, C.W., Quintais, J., Vallbé, J. Knocking on Heaven’s Door: User preferences on digital cultural distribution Internet Policy Review, 8 (2), 2019. @article{Vallb\'{e}2019, title = {Knocking on Heaven’s Door: User preferences on digital cultural distribution}, author = {Vallb\'{e}, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Quintais, J. and Handke, C.W.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/knocking-heavens-door-user-preferences-digital-cultural-distribution}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, abstract = {This paper explores the social, demographic and attitudinal basis of consumer support of a Copyright Compensation System (CCS), which, for a small monthly fee would legalise currently infringing online social practices such as private copying from illegal sources and online sharing of copyrighted works. We do this by first identifying how different online and offline, legal and illegal, free and paying content acquisition channels are used in the media market using a cluster-based classification of respondents. Second, we assess the effect of cultural consumption on the support for a shift from the status quo towards alternative, CCS-based forms of digital cultural content distribution. Finally, we link these two analyses to identify the factors that drive the dynamics of change in digital cultural consumption habits. Our study shows significant support to a CCS compared to the status quo by both occasional and frequent buyers of cultural goods, despite the widespread adoption of legal free and paying online services by consumers. The nature of these preferences are also explored with the inclusion of consumer preference intensities regarding certain CCS attributes. Our results have relevant policy implications, for they outline CCS as a reform option. In particular, they point evidence-based copyright reform away from its current direction in the EU of stronger enforcement measures, additional exclusive rights, and increased liability and duties of care for online platforms. This work shows that CCS may be an apt policy tool to hinder piracy and potentially increase right holder revenues, while respecting fundamental rights and promoting technological development.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper explores the social, demographic and attitudinal basis of consumer support of a Copyright Compensation System (CCS), which, for a small monthly fee would legalise currently infringing online social practices such as private copying from illegal sources and online sharing of copyrighted works. We do this by first identifying how different online and offline, legal and illegal, free and paying content acquisition channels are used in the media market using a cluster-based classification of respondents. Second, we assess the effect of cultural consumption on the support for a shift from the status quo towards alternative, CCS-based forms of digital cultural content distribution. Finally, we link these two analyses to identify the factors that drive the dynamics of change in digital cultural consumption habits. Our study shows significant support to a CCS compared to the status quo by both occasional and frequent buyers of cultural goods, despite the widespread adoption of legal free and paying online services by consumers. The nature of these preferences are also explored with the inclusion of consumer preference intensities regarding certain CCS attributes. Our results have relevant policy implications, for they outline CCS as a reform option. In particular, they point evidence-based copyright reform away from its current direction in the EU of stronger enforcement measures, additional exclusive rights, and increased liability and duties of care for online platforms. This work shows that CCS may be an apt policy tool to hinder piracy and potentially increase right holder revenues, while respecting fundamental rights and promoting technological development. |
| Bodó, B. Digital Journalism, 7 (8), pp. 1054-1075, 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019d, title = {Selling News to Audiences \textendash A Qualitative Inquiry into the Emerging Logics of Algorithmic News Personalization in European Quality News Media}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1624185}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {1054-1075}, abstract = {How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 26 juni 2018 Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (25), pp. 3503-3504, 2019. @article{Dommering2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 26 juni 2018 }, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_214.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {25}, pages = {3503-3504}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |