| Bodó, B., Janssen, H. Maintaining trust in a technologized public sector In: Policy and Society, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Maintaining trust in a technologized public sector},
author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Janssen, H.},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puac019},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-19},
journal = {Policy and Society},
abstract = {Emerging technologies permeate and potentially disrupt a wide spectrum of our social, economic, and political relations. Various state institutions, including education, law enforcement, and healthcare, increasingly rely on technical components, such as automated decision-making systems, e-government systems, and other digital tools to provide cheap, efficient public services, and supposedly fair, transparent, disinterested, and accountable public administration. The increased interest in various blockchain-based solutions from central bank digital currencies, via tokenized educational credentials, and distributed ledger-based land registries to self-sovereign identities is the latest, still mostly unwritten chapter in a long history of standardized, objectified, automated, technocratic, and technologized public administration. The rapid, (often) unplanned, and uncontrolled technologization of public services (as happened in the hasty adoption of distance-learning and teleconferencing systems during Corona Virus Disease (COVID) lockdowns) raises complex questions about the use of novel technological components, which may or may not be ultimately adequate for the task for which they are used. The question whether we can trust the technical infrastructures the public sector uses when providing public services is a central concern in an age where trust in government is declining: If the government’s artificial intelligence system that detects welfare fraud fails, the public’s confidence in the government is ultimately hit. In this paper, we provide a critical assessment of how the use of potentially untrustworthy (private) technological systems including blockchain-based systems in the public sector may affect trust in government. We then propose several policy options to protect the trust in government even if some of their technological components prove fundamentally untrustworthy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emerging technologies permeate and potentially disrupt a wide spectrum of our social, economic, and political relations. Various state institutions, including education, law enforcement, and healthcare, increasingly rely on technical components, such as automated decision-making systems, e-government systems, and other digital tools to provide cheap, efficient public services, and supposedly fair, transparent, disinterested, and accountable public administration. The increased interest in various blockchain-based solutions from central bank digital currencies, via tokenized educational credentials, and distributed ledger-based land registries to self-sovereign identities is the latest, still mostly unwritten chapter in a long history of standardized, objectified, automated, technocratic, and technologized public administration. The rapid, (often) unplanned, and uncontrolled technologization of public services (as happened in the hasty adoption of distance-learning and teleconferencing systems during Corona Virus Disease (COVID) lockdowns) raises complex questions about the use of novel technological components, which may or may not be ultimately adequate for the task for which they are used. The question whether we can trust the technical infrastructures the public sector uses when providing public services is a central concern in an age where trust in government is declining: If the government’s artificial intelligence system that detects welfare fraud fails, the public’s confidence in the government is ultimately hit. In this paper, we provide a critical assessment of how the use of potentially untrustworthy (private) technological systems including blockchain-based systems in the public sector may affect trust in government. We then propose several policy options to protect the trust in government even if some of their technological components prove fundamentally untrustworthy. |
| Ferrari, V. The platformisation of digital payments: The fabrication of consumer interest in the EU FinTech agenda In: Computer Law & Security Review, vol. 45, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {The platformisation of digital payments: The fabrication of consumer interest in the EU FinTech agenda},
author = {Ferrari, V.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/computerlawsecurityreview_2022/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105687},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-19},
journal = { Computer Law \& Security Review},
volume = {45},
abstract = {This paper investigates, through a qualitative analysis of official documents, how certain imaginaries about technology filter into EU policymaking, allowing or accelerating the transformation of payment infrastructures into the platform economy.
One of the ways in which socio-technical imaginaries filter into policymaking is, it turns out, by informing an image of the consumer which serves to justify measures for the realization of a desired future. In particular, the documents offer a view of the consumer as an actor that is empowered by digitisation. The thesis of this paper is that this view of the consumer is partial: the rhetoric of consumer technological empowerment outweighs and conceals much needed considerations about the vulnerability of consumers vis-a-vis data-intensive payment technologies. Ultimately, the fault lies with the future imaginaries upon which such image is grounded. The vision of the digital payment infrastructure portrayed in the documents is in fact problematic for two reasons. First, the technologies that are portraited as desirable are chosen based on industry interests and trends rather than considerations of benefits and risks that these technologies entail. Secondly, the assumption that a liberalized market will offer more and better choices is flawed, as platformisation entails risks of monopolization and abuses of market power. We suggest that policymakers in this domain should be more critical of the risks entailed by platformisation, and open their imagination to alternative technological futures.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper investigates, through a qualitative analysis of official documents, how certain imaginaries about technology filter into EU policymaking, allowing or accelerating the transformation of payment infrastructures into the platform economy.
One of the ways in which socio-technical imaginaries filter into policymaking is, it turns out, by informing an image of the consumer which serves to justify measures for the realization of a desired future. In particular, the documents offer a view of the consumer as an actor that is empowered by digitisation. The thesis of this paper is that this view of the consumer is partial: the rhetoric of consumer technological empowerment outweighs and conceals much needed considerations about the vulnerability of consumers vis-a-vis data-intensive payment technologies. Ultimately, the fault lies with the future imaginaries upon which such image is grounded. The vision of the digital payment infrastructure portrayed in the documents is in fact problematic for two reasons. First, the technologies that are portraited as desirable are chosen based on industry interests and trends rather than considerations of benefits and risks that these technologies entail. Secondly, the assumption that a liberalized market will offer more and better choices is flawed, as platformisation entails risks of monopolization and abuses of market power. We suggest that policymakers in this domain should be more critical of the risks entailed by platformisation, and open their imagination to alternative technological futures. |
| Quintais, J. Between Filters and Fundamental Rights: How the Court of Justice saved Article 17 in C-401/19 - Poland v. Parliament and Council In: Verfassungsblog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Between Filters and Fundamental Rights: How the Court of Justice saved Article 17 in C-401/19 - Poland v. Parliament and Council},
author = {Quintais, J.},
url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/filters-poland/?s=09},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-16},
journal = {Verfassungsblog},
abstract = {On 26 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU or Court) delivered its much awaited judgement in Case C-401/19 \textendash Poland v Parliament and Council. The case focuses on the validity of Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (CDSMD) in light of fundamental rights. The judgment marks the climax of a turbulent journey in the area of copyright law, with potential implications for the future of platform regulation and content moderation in EU law.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
On 26 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU or Court) delivered its much awaited judgement in Case C-401/19 – Poland v Parliament and Council. The case focuses on the validity of Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (CDSMD) in light of fundamental rights. The judgment marks the climax of a turbulent journey in the area of copyright law, with potential implications for the future of platform regulation and content moderation in EU law. |
| Derclaye E., Husovec, M., Senftleben, M., van Eechoud, M. Opinion of the European Copyright Society on selected aspects of the proposed Data Act In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Opinion of the European Copyright Society on selected aspects of the proposed Data Act},
author = {Derclaye E. and van Eechoud, M. and Husovec, M. and Senftleben, M.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/05/16/opinion-of-the-european-copyright-society-on-selected-aspects-of-the-proposed-data-act/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-16},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Hugenholtz, P. Groundhog Day in Geneva: The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty is on the Agenda Once Again 2022, (Draft paper prepared for American University International Law Review Symposium on the Right
to Research in International Copyright Law, April 22, 2022). @workingpaper{nokey,
title = {Groundhog Day in Geneva: The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty is on the Agenda Once Again},
author = {Hugenholtz, P.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/the-wipo-broadcasting-treaty-revisited/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-06},
note = {Draft paper prepared for American University International Law Review Symposium on the Right
to Research in International Copyright Law, April 22, 2022},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workingpaper}
}
|
| Giorello, M., Keller, P., Quintais, J., Reda, F. Video recording of the COMMUNIA Salon on the CJEU decision on Article 17 (Case C-401/19) 04.05.2022. @misc{nokey,
title = {Video recording of the COMMUNIA Salon on the CJEU decision on Article 17 (Case C-401/19)},
author = {Keller, P. and Reda, F. and Quintais, J. and Giorello, M.},
url = {https://www.communia-association.org/2022/05/04/video-recording-of-the-communia-salon-on-the-cjeu-decision-on-article-17/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-04},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
|
| Quintais, J. Article 17 survives, but freedom of expression safeguards are key: C-401/19 – Poland v Parliament and Council In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Article 17 survives, but freedom of expression safeguards are key: C-401/19 \textendash Poland v Parliament and Council},
author = {Quintais, J.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/26/article-17-survives-but-freedom-of-expression-safeguards-are-key-c-401-19-poland-v-parliament-and-council/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-02},
urldate = {2022-05-02},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Bulayenko, O., Gervais, D.J., Poort, J., Quintais, J. AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework – Part II In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework \textendash Part II},
author = {Bulayenko, O. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/25/ai-music-outputs-challenges-to-the-copyright-legal-framework-part-ii/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-02},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Keller, P., Reda, F. CJEU upholds Article 17, but not in the form (most) Member States imagined In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {CJEU upholds Article 17, but not in the form (most) Member States imagined},
author = {Reda, F. and Keller, P.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/28/cjeu-upholds-article-17-but-not-in-the-form-most-member-states-imagined/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-28},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Bulayenko, O., Gervais, D.J., Poort, J., Quintais, J. AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework – Part I In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework \textendash Part I},
author = {Bulayenko, O. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and Gervais, D.J.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/22/ai-music-outputs-challenges-to-the-copyright-legal-framework-part-i/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-22},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 8 september 2020 (Recorded Artists Actors Performers / Phonographic Performance (Ireland)) In: Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, iss. 15, no. 126, pp. 2384-2386, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 8 september 2020 (Recorded Artists Actors Performers / Phonographic Performance (Ireland))},
author = {Hugenholtz, P.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_126/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-19},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {126},
issue = {15},
pages = {2384-2386},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Senftleben, M. Robustness Check: Evaluating and Strengthening Artistic Use Defences in EU Trademark Law In: IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law , vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 567-603, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Robustness Check: Evaluating and Strengthening Artistic Use Defences in EU Trademark Law},
author = {Senftleben, M.},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01182-x},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-12},
urldate = {2022-04-12},
journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },
volume = {53},
number = {4},
pages = {567-603},
abstract = {The 2015 EU trademark law reform introduced a peculiar rule for reconciling trademark rights with freedom of artistic expression. According to Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD, artistic use can be deemed fair as long as the artist ensures compliance with “honest practices in industrial and commercial matters”. The honest practices proviso forges a link with the provisions on limitations of trademark rights. Article 14(1) EUTMR and Art. 14(1) TMD exempt from the control of trademark proprietors several types of use that can allow for artistic use. All these limitations, however, apply only when the use satisfies the test of honest practices. Confirming the obligation to comply with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters, the fairness rule of Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD turns out to be a double-edged sword. Instead of readily immunizing artistic use against trademark claims, it obliges artists to rely on limitations of trademark rights and furnish corresponding proof. Moreover, artists are expected to align their artistic activity with behavioural standards in the field of industry and commerce \textendash a realm that is alien to the artistic community. Evidently, this approach endangers artistic autonomy. To avoid detrimental effects on artistic expression, it is advisable to strengthen the position of artists and develop a legal solution that resembles the measures taken in Art. 9(3)(f) EUTMR and Art. 10(3)(f) TMD with regard to freedom of commercial expression. Drawing inspiration from cultural sciences and case law on both sides of the Atlantic, the analysis explores avenues for achieving this goal.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The 2015 EU trademark law reform introduced a peculiar rule for reconciling trademark rights with freedom of artistic expression. According to Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD, artistic use can be deemed fair as long as the artist ensures compliance with “honest practices in industrial and commercial matters”. The honest practices proviso forges a link with the provisions on limitations of trademark rights. Article 14(1) EUTMR and Art. 14(1) TMD exempt from the control of trademark proprietors several types of use that can allow for artistic use. All these limitations, however, apply only when the use satisfies the test of honest practices. Confirming the obligation to comply with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters, the fairness rule of Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD turns out to be a double-edged sword. Instead of readily immunizing artistic use against trademark claims, it obliges artists to rely on limitations of trademark rights and furnish corresponding proof. Moreover, artists are expected to align their artistic activity with behavioural standards in the field of industry and commerce – a realm that is alien to the artistic community. Evidently, this approach endangers artistic autonomy. To avoid detrimental effects on artistic expression, it is advisable to strengthen the position of artists and develop a legal solution that resembles the measures taken in Art. 9(3)(f) EUTMR and Art. 10(3)(f) TMD with regard to freedom of commercial expression. Drawing inspiration from cultural sciences and case law on both sides of the Atlantic, the analysis explores avenues for achieving this goal. |
| Antal, D., Bodó, B., Handke, C.W., Kretschmer, M., Margoni, T., Poort, J., Quintais, J., Schwemer, S., Senftleben, M., van Gompel, S. Ensuring the Visibility and Accessibility of European Creative Content on the World Market: The Need for Copyright Data Improvement in the Light of New Technologies In: JIPITEC, vol. 13, iss. 1, pp. 67-86, 2022. @article{Senftleben2021,
title = {Ensuring the Visibility and Accessibility of European Creative Content on the World Market: The Need for Copyright Data Improvement in the Light of New Technologies},
author = {Senftleben, M. and Margoni, T. and Antal, D. and Bod\'{o}, B. and van Gompel, S. and Handke, C.W. and Kretschmer, M. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S.},
url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-13-1-2022/5515
https://www.ivir.nl/jipitec_2022/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-12},
urldate = {2021-03-23},
journal = {JIPITEC},
volume = {13},
issue = {1},
pages = {67-86},
abstract = {In the European Strategy for Data, the European Commission highlighted the EU’s ambition to acquire a leading role in the data economy. At the same time, the Commission conceded that the EU would have to increase its pools of quality data available for use and re-use. In the creative industries, this need for enhanced data quality and interoperability is particularly strong. Without data improvement, unprecedented opportunities for monetising the wide variety of EU creative and making this content available for new technologies, such as artificial intelligence training systems, will most probably be lost. The problem has a worldwide dimension. While the US have already taken steps to provide an integrated data space for music as of 1 January 2021, the EU is facing major obstacles not only in the field of music but also in other creative industry sectors. Weighing costs and benefits, there can be little doubt that new data improvement initiatives and sufficient investment in a better copyright data infrastructure should play a central role in EU copyright policy. A trade-off between data harmonisation and interoperability on the one hand, and transparency and accountability of content recommender systems on the other, could pave the way for successful new initiatives.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the European Strategy for Data, the European Commission highlighted the EU’s ambition to acquire a leading role in the data economy. At the same time, the Commission conceded that the EU would have to increase its pools of quality data available for use and re-use. In the creative industries, this need for enhanced data quality and interoperability is particularly strong. Without data improvement, unprecedented opportunities for monetising the wide variety of EU creative and making this content available for new technologies, such as artificial intelligence training systems, will most probably be lost. The problem has a worldwide dimension. While the US have already taken steps to provide an integrated data space for music as of 1 January 2021, the EU is facing major obstacles not only in the field of music but also in other creative industry sectors. Weighing costs and benefits, there can be little doubt that new data improvement initiatives and sufficient investment in a better copyright data infrastructure should play a central role in EU copyright policy. A trade-off between data harmonisation and interoperability on the one hand, and transparency and accountability of content recommender systems on the other, could pave the way for successful new initiatives. |
| Alberdingk Thijm, Chr. A. Knock Knock Who's There? Tussenpersonen, persoonsgegevens en de kunst van het juiste evenwicht In: Ars Aequi, iss. april, pp. 279-288, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Knock Knock Who's There? Tussenpersonen, persoonsgegevens en de kunst van het juiste evenwicht},
author = {Alberdingk Thijm, Chr. A.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/aa_2022/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-08},
journal = {Ars Aequi},
issue = {april},
pages = {279-288},
abstract = {Wat te doen als je op Twitter door een anoniem profiel voor rotte vis wordt uitgemaakt? Het Nederlandse recht biedt verschillende mogelijkheden om identificerende gegevens te verkrijgen van internettussenpersonen. Maar hoe wordt de afweging met de bescherming van de persoonsgegevens van de anonymus gemaakt? Hoe verhoudt het recht op een doeltreffende voorziening in rechte zich tot het gegevensbeschermingsrecht? Het Hof van Justitie schrijft voor dat bij botsende
fundamentele rechten het ‘juiste evenwicht’ moet worden gevonden. Dat blijkt de Nederlandse rechter nog niet zo eenvoudig te vinden, zo wordt duidelijk bij de bespreking van het Dutch FilmWorks-arrest in dit artikel.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wat te doen als je op Twitter door een anoniem profiel voor rotte vis wordt uitgemaakt? Het Nederlandse recht biedt verschillende mogelijkheden om identificerende gegevens te verkrijgen van internettussenpersonen. Maar hoe wordt de afweging met de bescherming van de persoonsgegevens van de anonymus gemaakt? Hoe verhoudt het recht op een doeltreffende voorziening in rechte zich tot het gegevensbeschermingsrecht? Het Hof van Justitie schrijft voor dat bij botsende
fundamentele rechten het ‘juiste evenwicht’ moet worden gevonden. Dat blijkt de Nederlandse rechter nog niet zo eenvoudig te vinden, zo wordt duidelijk bij de bespreking van het Dutch FilmWorks-arrest in dit artikel. |
| Poort, J. De CoronaMelder door een economische lens In: TPEdigitaal, vol. 16, iss. 2, pp. 48-60, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {De CoronaMelder door een economische lens},
author = {Poort, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/tpedigitaal_2022_2/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-08},
journal = {TPEdigitaal},
volume = {16},
issue = {2},
pages = {48-60},
abstract = {In oktober 2020 lanceerde Nederland de CoronaMelder-app voor geautomatiseerd onderzoek naar blootstelling aan het Covid-19 virus. Een tentatieve analyse van de maatschappelijke kosten en baten van de app suggereert dat de baten in evenwicht zijn met de kosten, zelfs als alleen wordt gekeken naar de bespaarde levensjaren door het voorkomen van sterfgevallen. Het percentage van de positieve tests dat door de app teweeg wordt gebracht, is de sleutel tot de positieve bijdrage ervan aan de maatschappelijke welvaart. Dit percentage is aanzienlijk lager voor de app dan voor handmatig contactonderzoek door de GGD, wat erop wijst dat de app effici\"{e}nt kan zijn als aanvulling op handmatig contactonderzoek, maar niet als vervanging daarvan.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In oktober 2020 lanceerde Nederland de CoronaMelder-app voor geautomatiseerd onderzoek naar blootstelling aan het Covid-19 virus. Een tentatieve analyse van de maatschappelijke kosten en baten van de app suggereert dat de baten in evenwicht zijn met de kosten, zelfs als alleen wordt gekeken naar de bespaarde levensjaren door het voorkomen van sterfgevallen. Het percentage van de positieve tests dat door de app teweeg wordt gebracht, is de sleutel tot de positieve bijdrage ervan aan de maatschappelijke welvaart. Dit percentage is aanzienlijk lager voor de app dan voor handmatig contactonderzoek door de GGD, wat erop wijst dat de app efficiënt kan zijn als aanvulling op handmatig contactonderzoek, maar niet als vervanging daarvan.
|
| Quintais, J., Trapova, A. EU copyright law round up – first trimester of 2022 In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash first trimester of 2022},
author = {Quintais, J. and Trapova, A.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/06/eu-copyright-law-round-up-first-trimester-of-2022/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-07},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Bulayenko, O., Gervais, D.J., Poort, J., Quintais, J. AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework 2022, (reCreating Europe report). @techreport{nokey,
title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework},
author = {Bulayenko, O. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J. and Poort, J.},
url = {https://zenodo.org/record/6405796#.Yk62cchBy5e
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4072806},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-07},
urldate = {2022-04-07},
abstract = {This report examines the application of EU copyright and related rights law to outputs generated by or with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, tools or techniques (AI outputs), with a focus on outputs in the musical domain. The Report examines the question: How can and should EU copyright and related rights law protect AI musical outputs? The interdisciplinary (legal and empirical) research involves: (i) analyzing of the protection of AI outputs under EU copyright and related rights law; (ii) examining the attribution of authorship and ownership to (natural and legal) persons involved in the creation or production of AI outputs; (iii) proposing interpretative guidelines and policy recommendations on increasing legal certainty regarding the protection, authorship, and ownership of copyright and related rights over AI outputs, especially music outputs.},
note = {reCreating Europe report},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
This report examines the application of EU copyright and related rights law to outputs generated by or with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, tools or techniques (AI outputs), with a focus on outputs in the musical domain. The Report examines the question: How can and should EU copyright and related rights law protect AI musical outputs? The interdisciplinary (legal and empirical) research involves: (i) analyzing of the protection of AI outputs under EU copyright and related rights law; (ii) examining the attribution of authorship and ownership to (natural and legal) persons involved in the creation or production of AI outputs; (iii) proposing interpretative guidelines and policy recommendations on increasing legal certainty regarding the protection, authorship, and ownership of copyright and related rights over AI outputs, especially music outputs. |
| Irion, K. The General Data Protection Regulation though the lens of digital sovereignty EU CYBER DIRECT RESEARCH SEMINAR, 2022. @conference{Irion2022,
title = {The General Data Protection Regulation though the lens of digital sovereignty},
author = {Irion, K.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/irion-gdpr-and-digital-sovereignty-11mar22/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-28},
urldate = {2022-03-28},
booktitle = {EU CYBER DIRECT RESEARCH SEMINAR},
abstract = {This short contribution will present and discuss the European Union’s (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through the lens of ‘digital sovereignty. When high-ranking representatives of EU institutions endorsed digital sovereignty this has been interpreted as a signpost for a new-found assertiveness in EU digital policy. However, digital sovereignty is conceptually fuzzy and is used to animate a wide spectrum of geopolitical, normative, and industrial ambitions. In the context of the GDPR it makes sense to operationalize digital sovereignty as the ability of rules to assert authority in a global and interdependent digital ecosystem. Conceived this way, I will reflect on how the GDPR wields transnational capacity by design in the form of safeguards against inbound and outbound circumvention.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
This short contribution will present and discuss the European Union’s (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through the lens of ‘digital sovereignty. When high-ranking representatives of EU institutions endorsed digital sovereignty this has been interpreted as a signpost for a new-found assertiveness in EU digital policy. However, digital sovereignty is conceptually fuzzy and is used to animate a wide spectrum of geopolitical, normative, and industrial ambitions. In the context of the GDPR it makes sense to operationalize digital sovereignty as the ability of rules to assert authority in a global and interdependent digital ecosystem. Conceived this way, I will reflect on how the GDPR wields transnational capacity by design in the form of safeguards against inbound and outbound circumvention. |
| Irion, K., Rucz, M., Senftleben, M. Contribution to the public consultation on the European Media Freedom Act In: 2022. @article{Rucz2022b,
title = {Contribution to the public consultation on the European Media Freedom Act},
author = {Rucz, M. and Irion, K. and Senftleben, M.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/position-paper-european-media-freedom-act-consultation-2/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-28},
urldate = {2022-03-28},
abstract = {The announcement of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) has provided an important impulse for the development of new legal rules seeking to safeguard and support a free and pluralistic media environment in the European Union (EU). As indicated by Commissioners Vv{e}ra Jourov and Thierry Breton, the initiative is set to address a wide range of persisting challenges faced by European media outlets, including political and economic pressures, unjustified interference with editorial independence, failing business models supporting journalism and issues surrounding media pluralism. Considering the broad spectrum of concerns and the centrality of a pluralist media environment for the health of democracies, the European Commission’s commitment to the EMFA is commendable and urgent. With this submission, we would like to take the opportunity to respond to the European Commission’s public consultation on the EMFA.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The announcement of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) has provided an important impulse for the development of new legal rules seeking to safeguard and support a free and pluralistic media environment in the European Union (EU). As indicated by Commissioners Věra Jourov and Thierry Breton, the initiative is set to address a wide range of persisting challenges faced by European media outlets, including political and economic pressures, unjustified interference with editorial independence, failing business models supporting journalism and issues surrounding media pluralism. Considering the broad spectrum of concerns and the centrality of a pluralist media environment for the health of democracies, the European Commission’s commitment to the EMFA is commendable and urgent. With this submission, we would like to take the opportunity to respond to the European Commission’s public consultation on the EMFA. |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Online prijsdiscriminatie: heeft iedereen zijn prijs? 17.03.2022, (presentatie Amsterdamse Academische Club). @misc{nokey,
title = {Online prijsdiscriminatie: heeft iedereen zijn prijs?},
author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/prijsdiscriminatie-aac/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-17},
note = {presentatie Amsterdamse Academische Club},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
|
| Husovec, M., Kretschmer, M., Mezei, P., Peukert, A., Quintais, J. European Copyright Society – Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal In: IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law , vol. 53, iss. 3, pp. 358-376, 2022, (Opinion). @article{nokey,
title = {European Copyright Society \textendash Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal},
author = {Peukert, A. and Husovec, M. and Kretschmer, M. and Mezei, P. and Quintais, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/iic_2022/},
doi = {10.1007/s40319-022-01154-1},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-14},
urldate = {2022-03-14},
journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },
volume = {53},
issue = {3},
pages = {358-376},
note = {Opinion},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Quintais, J., Schwemer, S. The Interplay between the Digital Services Act and Sector Regulation: How Special is Copyright? In: European Journal of Risk Regulation, pp. 1-31, 2022. @article{Quintais2021e,
title = {The Interplay between the Digital Services Act and Sector Regulation: How Special is Copyright?},
author = {Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S. },
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ejrr_2022/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2022.1},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-14},
urldate = {2021-05-10},
journal = {European Journal of Risk Regulation},
pages = {1-31},
abstract = {On 15 December 2020, the European Commission published its proposal for a Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). It carries out a regulatory overhaul of the 21-year- old horizontal rules on intermediary liability in the Directive and introduces new due diligence obligations for intermediary services.
Our analysis illuminates an important point that has so far received little attention: how would the Digital Services Act’s rules interact with existing sector-specific lex specialis rules? In this paper, we look specifically at the intersection of the Digital Services Act with the regime for online content sharing service providers (OCSSPs) set forth in art. 17 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive). At first glance, these regimes do not appear to overlap as the rules on copyright are lex specialis to the Digital Services Act. A closer look shows a more complex and nuanced picture. Our analysis concludes that the DSA will apply to OCSSPs insofar as it contains rules that regulate matters not covered by art. 17 CDSM Directive, as well as specific rules on matters where art. 17 leaves margin of discretion to Member States. This includes, to varying degrees, rules in the DSA relating to the liability of intermediary providers and to due diligence obligations for online platforms of different sizes. Importantly, we consider that such rules apply even where art. 17 CDSM Directive contains specific (but less precise) regulation on the matter.
From a normative perspective, this might be a desirable outcome, to the extent that the DSA aims to establish “uniform rules for a safe, predictable and trusted online environment, where fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter are effectively protected”. Based on our analysis, we suggest a number of clarifications that might be help achieve that goal. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
On 15 December 2020, the European Commission published its proposal for a Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). It carries out a regulatory overhaul of the 21-year- old horizontal rules on intermediary liability in the Directive and introduces new due diligence obligations for intermediary services.
Our analysis illuminates an important point that has so far received little attention: how would the Digital Services Act’s rules interact with existing sector-specific lex specialis rules? In this paper, we look specifically at the intersection of the Digital Services Act with the regime for online content sharing service providers (OCSSPs) set forth in art. 17 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive). At first glance, these regimes do not appear to overlap as the rules on copyright are lex specialis to the Digital Services Act. A closer look shows a more complex and nuanced picture. Our analysis concludes that the DSA will apply to OCSSPs insofar as it contains rules that regulate matters not covered by art. 17 CDSM Directive, as well as specific rules on matters where art. 17 leaves margin of discretion to Member States. This includes, to varying degrees, rules in the DSA relating to the liability of intermediary providers and to due diligence obligations for online platforms of different sizes. Importantly, we consider that such rules apply even where art. 17 CDSM Directive contains specific (but less precise) regulation on the matter.
From a normative perspective, this might be a desirable outcome, to the extent that the DSA aims to establish “uniform rules for a safe, predictable and trusted online environment, where fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter are effectively protected”. Based on our analysis, we suggest a number of clarifications that might be help achieve that goal. |
| Keller, P. A vanishing right? The Sui Generis Database Right and the proposed Data Act In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {A vanishing right? The Sui Generis Database Right and the proposed Data Act},
author = {Keller, P.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/03/04/a-vanishing-right-the-sui-generis-database-right-and-the-proposed-data-act/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-10},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Drechsler, L., Yakovleva, S. Contribution to the public consultation on the Guidelines 05/2021 on the Interplay between the application of Article 3 and the provisions on international transfers as per Chapter V of the GDPR In: 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Contribution to the public consultation on the Guidelines 05/2021 on the Interplay between the application of Article 3 and the provisions on international transfers as per Chapter V of the GDPR},
author = {Yakovleva, S. and Drechsler, L.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/public_consultation_edpb_transfers_v8/
https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2021/guidelines-052021-interplay-between-application_en},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-10},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Rechtbank Midden-Nederland 22 december 2021 (VVZBI/KVK) In: Auteursrecht, iss. 1, pp. 71-72, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij Rechtbank Midden-Nederland 22 december 2021 (VVZBI/KVK)},
author = {van Eechoud, M.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_auteursrecht_2022_71/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-03},
journal = {Auteursrecht},
issue = {1},
pages = {71-72},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Angelopoulos, C., Quintais, J. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 22 juni 2021 Frank Peterson / Google & YouTube (C 682/18) & Elsevier / Cyando AG (C 683/18) In: Auteursrecht, iss. 1, no. 1, pp. 46-51, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 22 juni 2021 Frank Peterson / Google \& YouTube (C 682/18) \& Elsevier / Cyando AG (C 683/18)},
author = {Quintais, J. and Angelopoulos, C.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_auteursrecht_2022_1/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-03},
journal = {Auteursrecht},
number = {1},
issue = {1},
pages = {46-51},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Schumacher, L.D., Senftleben, M., van Gompel, S. Web harvesting: auteursrechtelijke implicaties en oplossingsrichtingen In: Auteursrecht, iss. 1, pp. 3-14, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Web harvesting: auteursrechtelijke implicaties en oplossingsrichtingen},
author = {van Gompel, S. and Schumacher, L.D. and Senftleben, M.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/auteursrecht_2022_1/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-03-03},
journal = {Auteursrecht},
issue = {1},
pages = {3-14},
abstract = {‘Web harvesting’ is het proces waarbij een web crawler \textendash een gespecialiseerd computerprogramma \textendash wordt ingezet om websites en internetpagina’s op geautomatiseerde wijze te verzamelen en toe te voegen aan een webarchief. Nederlandse erfgoedinstellingen gebruiken deze techniek bijvoorbeeld om websites aan hun collecties toe te voegen die op het Nederlandse publiek zijn gericht (‘nationale domeincrawl’). Web harvesting kan ook beperkt zijn tot specifiek geselecteerde websites die met een bepaald onderwerp of gebeurtenis samenhangen (‘beredeneerde selectie’). In Nederland gebeurt web harvesting thans enkel nog op kleine schaal. Web crawling gaat namelijk gepaard met talloze reproductiehandelingen, waarvoor vanuit auteursrechtelijk perspectief toestemming kan zijn vereist. Voor het herhaaldelijk en systematisch harvesten van grote hoeveelheden materiaal op het web is het verkrijgen van individuele toestemming een schier onmogelijke taak. Daarnaast willen erfgoedinstellingen het geharveste materiaal ook op een of andere manier ontsluiten om het gebruik voor algemene zin \textendash toegang tot het digitale culturele erfgoed te bieden. Dit artikel onderzoekt tegen deze achtergrond, mede aan de hand van een rechtsvergelijking met het buitenland, welke oplossingsrichtingen er binnen het huidige auteursrechtelijke kader bestaan om web harvesting-activiteiten door erfgoedinstellingen op grotere schaal mogelijk te maken. Dit is nodig om gaten in de archivering van het online Nederlands erfgoed te voorkomen en het digitale culturele erfgoed voor het nageslacht te bewaren en beschikbaar te stellen. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
‘Web harvesting’ is het proces waarbij een web crawler – een gespecialiseerd computerprogramma – wordt ingezet om websites en internetpagina’s op geautomatiseerde wijze te verzamelen en toe te voegen aan een webarchief. Nederlandse erfgoedinstellingen gebruiken deze techniek bijvoorbeeld om websites aan hun collecties toe te voegen die op het Nederlandse publiek zijn gericht (‘nationale domeincrawl’). Web harvesting kan ook beperkt zijn tot specifiek geselecteerde websites die met een bepaald onderwerp of gebeurtenis samenhangen (‘beredeneerde selectie’). In Nederland gebeurt web harvesting thans enkel nog op kleine schaal. Web crawling gaat namelijk gepaard met talloze reproductiehandelingen, waarvoor vanuit auteursrechtelijk perspectief toestemming kan zijn vereist. Voor het herhaaldelijk en systematisch harvesten van grote hoeveelheden materiaal op het web is het verkrijgen van individuele toestemming een schier onmogelijke taak. Daarnaast willen erfgoedinstellingen het geharveste materiaal ook op een of andere manier ontsluiten om het gebruik voor algemene zin – toegang tot het digitale culturele erfgoed te bieden. Dit artikel onderzoekt tegen deze achtergrond, mede aan de hand van een rechtsvergelijking met het buitenland, welke oplossingsrichtingen er binnen het huidige auteursrechtelijke kader bestaan om web harvesting-activiteiten door erfgoedinstellingen op grotere schaal mogelijk te maken. Dit is nodig om gaten in de archivering van het online Nederlands erfgoed te voorkomen en het digitale culturele erfgoed voor het nageslacht te bewaren en beschikbaar te stellen. |
| Schumacher, L.D., van Eechoud, M. Data na de dood: Zwevend tussen contract en gegevensbescherming In: Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB), iss. 6, no. 355, pp. 396-405, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Data na de dood: Zwevend tussen contract en gegevensbescherming},
author = {van Eechoud, M. and Schumacher, L.D.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NJB_2022_355.pdf},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-14},
journal = {Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB)},
number = {355},
issue = {6},
pages = {396-405},
abstract = {Mensen zijn zich nog weinig bewust van wat de implicaties van overlijden zijn voor het digitale bezit dat ze nalaten, terwijl iedereen hier steeds meer van heeft. Opvattingen verschillen over de mate waarin erfgenamen toegang moeten krijgen; er is nog weinig bekend over (veranderende) maatschappelijke opvattingen daarover. Omdat digitale communicatie geregeerd wordt door standaardovereenkomsten met aanbieders van informatiediensten, wordt ook de positie van erfgenamen daar primair door bepaald. Tegelijkertijd hebben veel aanbieders nog geen doordacht ‘overlijdensbeleid’ en daarbij passende voorwaarden en tools. Het lijkt tijd dat de (Europese) wetgever daar wat aan gaat veranderen. Om op kortere termijn te zorgen voor meer rechtszekerheid, zou de Nederlandse wetgever in ieder geval enkele specifieke plichten en rechten uit de AVG van toepassing kunnen verklaren op de persoonsgegevens van overleden gebruikers van informatiediensten.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mensen zijn zich nog weinig bewust van wat de implicaties van overlijden zijn voor het digitale bezit dat ze nalaten, terwijl iedereen hier steeds meer van heeft. Opvattingen verschillen over de mate waarin erfgenamen toegang moeten krijgen; er is nog weinig bekend over (veranderende) maatschappelijke opvattingen daarover. Omdat digitale communicatie geregeerd wordt door standaardovereenkomsten met aanbieders van informatiediensten, wordt ook de positie van erfgenamen daar primair door bepaald. Tegelijkertijd hebben veel aanbieders nog geen doordacht ‘overlijdensbeleid’ en daarbij passende voorwaarden en tools. Het lijkt tijd dat de (Europese) wetgever daar wat aan gaat veranderen. Om op kortere termijn te zorgen voor meer rechtszekerheid, zou de Nederlandse wetgever in ieder geval enkele specifieke plichten en rechten uit de AVG van toepassing kunnen verklaren op de persoonsgegevens van overleden gebruikers van informatiediensten. |
| van Hoboken, J., Yakovleva, S. The Algorithmic Learning Deficit: Artificial Intelligence, Data Protection and Trade In: Big Data and Global Trade Law, Mira Burri (ed.) Cambridge University Press, 2021, Chapter 10, pp. 212-230, 2022. @inbook{nokey,
title = {The Algorithmic Learning Deficit: Artificial Intelligence, Data Protection and Trade},
author = {Yakovleva, S. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/the-algorithmic-learning-deficit.pdf},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919234.014},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-10},
urldate = {2022-02-10},
booktitle = {Big Data and Global Trade Law, Mira Burri (ed.) Cambridge University Press, 2021},
pages = {212-230},
chapter = {10},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Hugenholtz, P. DJs are Phonogram Producers, says Dutch Supreme Court In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {DJs are Phonogram Producers, says Dutch Supreme Court},
author = {Hugenholtz, P.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/31/djs-are-phonogram-producers-says-dutch-supreme-court/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-31},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Ebbers, J., Idiz, D. R, Irion, K., Vliegenthart, R. European audiovisual media policy in the age of global video on demand services: A case study of Netflix in the Netherlands In: Journal of Digital Media & Policy, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 425-449, 2022. @article{Irion2021e,
title = {European audiovisual media policy in the age of global video on demand services: A case study of Netflix in the Netherlands},
author = {Idiz, D. R and Irion, K. and Ebbers, J. and Vliegenthart, R.},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00070_1https://www.ivir.nl/idiz-irion-vliegenhard-ebbers-2021-jdmp-2/},
doi = {10.1386/jdmp_00070_1},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-25},
urldate = {2022-01-25},
journal = {Journal of Digital Media \& Policy},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {425-449},
abstract = {This article considers the provisions in the European Union’s revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive concerning video on demand (VOD) services and the effectiveness of supply-side cultural diversity regulations in achieving their purported policy goals of increased production and consumption of European works. Because the Netherlands is the ‘country of origin’ to several multinational VOD services, including Netflix, we conducted a case study of this specific national context. We examine the quota for and prominence of European works, as well as different forms of financial obligations. We find that the former two policy tools may require new strategies to effectively reach their objectives in a nonlinear context. Our evidence also indicates that the latter remains controversial in the domestic audiovisual industry, as stakeholder positions are dependent on the type(s) of production stimulated. Based on this, we argue that securing the independence of producers and ensuring VOD services are transparent with respect to performance data are essential to promoting source diversity and a sustainable value chain.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article considers the provisions in the European Union’s revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive concerning video on demand (VOD) services and the effectiveness of supply-side cultural diversity regulations in achieving their purported policy goals of increased production and consumption of European works. Because the Netherlands is the ‘country of origin’ to several multinational VOD services, including Netflix, we conducted a case study of this specific national context. We examine the quota for and prominence of European works, as well as different forms of financial obligations. We find that the former two policy tools may require new strategies to effectively reach their objectives in a nonlinear context. Our evidence also indicates that the latter remains controversial in the domestic audiovisual industry, as stakeholder positions are dependent on the type(s) of production stimulated. Based on this, we argue that securing the independence of producers and ensuring VOD services are transparent with respect to performance data are essential to promoting source diversity and a sustainable value chain. |
| Dobber, T., Fahy, R., Shires, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors: An interdisciplinary exploration In: Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, pp. 856-877, 2022, (MJ, vol. 28, nr. 6, 2021). @article{nokey,
title = {Microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors: An interdisciplinary exploration},
author = {Fahy, R. and Dobber, T. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Shires, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/MaastrichtJournalofEuropeanandComparativeLaw_2021_6.pdf},
doi = {10.1177/1023263X211042471},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-25},
urldate = {2021-12-31},
journal = {Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law},
pages = {856-877},
abstract = {This article discusses a problem that has received scant attention in literature: microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors. Microtargeting involves collecting information about people, and using that information to show them targeted political advertisements. Such microtargeting enables advertisers to target ads to specific groups of people, for instance people who visit certain websites, forums, or Facebook groups. This article focuses on one type of microtargeting: microtargeting by foreign actors. For example, Russia has targeted certain groups in the US with ads, aiming to sow discord. Foreign actors could also try to influence European elections, for instance by advertising in favour of a certain political party. Foreign propaganda possibilities existed before microtargeting. This article explores two questions. In what ways, if any, is microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors different from other foreign propaganda? What could lawmakers in Europe do to mitigate the risks of microtargeted propaganda?},
note = {MJ, vol. 28, nr. 6, 2021},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article discusses a problem that has received scant attention in literature: microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors. Microtargeting involves collecting information about people, and using that information to show them targeted political advertisements. Such microtargeting enables advertisers to target ads to specific groups of people, for instance people who visit certain websites, forums, or Facebook groups. This article focuses on one type of microtargeting: microtargeting by foreign actors. For example, Russia has targeted certain groups in the US with ads, aiming to sow discord. Foreign actors could also try to influence European elections, for instance by advertising in favour of a certain political party. Foreign propaganda possibilities existed before microtargeting. This article explores two questions. In what ways, if any, is microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors different from other foreign propaganda? What could lawmakers in Europe do to mitigate the risks of microtargeted propaganda? |
| Keller, P. Article 17, the year in review (2021 edition) In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Article 17, the year in review (2021 edition)},
author = {Keller, P.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/24/article-17-the-year-in-review-2021-edition/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-24},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Husovec, M., Kretschmer, M., Mezei, P., Peukert, A., Quintais, J. European Copyright Society (ECS): Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {European Copyright Society (ECS): Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal},
author = {Peukert, A. and Husovec, M. and Kretschmer, M. and Mezei, P. and Quintais, J.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/18/european-copyright-society-ecs-comment-on-copyright-and-the-digital-services-act-proposal/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-18},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Baarsma, B., Berg, G. van den, Broek-Altenburg, E. van den, Dommering, E., Teulings, C. Lockdowns zijn niet meer te rechtvaardigen In: NRC, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Lockdowns zijn niet meer te rechtvaardigen},
author = {Baarsma, B. and Broek-Altenburg, E. van den and Berg, G. van den and Dommering, E. and Teulings, C.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/nrc_14jan2022.pdf},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-14},
journal = {NRC},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Baarsma, B., Berg, G. van den, Broek-Altenburg, E. van den, Dommering, E., Teulings, C. Naar een coronabeleid zonder lockdowns In: ESB, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Naar een coronabeleid zonder lockdowns},
author = {Baarsma, B. and Broek-Altenburg, E. van den and Berg, G. van den and Dommering, E. and Teulings, C.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ESB_13jan2022.pdf},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-13},
journal = {ESB},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Senftleben, M. No Trademark Protection for Artworks in the Public Domain – A Practical Guide to the Application of Public Order and Morality as Grounds for Refusal In: GRUR International, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 3-17, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {No Trademark Protection for Artworks in the Public Domain \textendash A Practical Guide to the Application of Public Order and Morality as Grounds for Refusal},
author = {Senftleben, M.},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/grurint/article/71/1/3/6349172
https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/grurint_2022_1.pdf},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikab107},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-11},
journal = {GRUR International},
volume = {71},
number = {1},
pages = {3-17},
abstract = {With its 2017 landmark decision in Vigeland, the Court of Justice of the European Free Trade Association States (EFTA Court) has paved the way for the invocation of public order and morality as grounds for refusal when trademark protection is sought for cultural expressions in the public domain. Dealing with an attempt to register artworks of the famous Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland as trademarks, the EFTA Court took this step to safeguard the public domain status of literary and artistic works after the expiry of copyright, shield cultural creations against ‘commercial greed’ and ensure the freedom of the arts.1 Trademark examiners and judges seeking to follow in the footsteps of the EFTA Court, however, may find it difficult to operationalize the Vigeland criteria and put corresponding arguments for refusal into practice. Against this background, the following analysis provides guidelines for the practical application of public order and morality arguments in cultural heritage cases. It describes problems arising from the grant of trademark rights in cultural public domain material (Section I) and the traditional reluctance of trademark offices and courts to rely on public order and morality considerations in this context (Section II). After this statement of the problem, the criteria following from the Vigeland decision will be introduced (Section III) before we explore the practical implementation of the EFTA Court’s morality (Section IV) and public order (Section V) arguments in more detail. The final Section VI summarizes the results of the analysis.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
With its 2017 landmark decision in Vigeland, the Court of Justice of the European Free Trade Association States (EFTA Court) has paved the way for the invocation of public order and morality as grounds for refusal when trademark protection is sought for cultural expressions in the public domain. Dealing with an attempt to register artworks of the famous Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland as trademarks, the EFTA Court took this step to safeguard the public domain status of literary and artistic works after the expiry of copyright, shield cultural creations against ‘commercial greed’ and ensure the freedom of the arts.1 Trademark examiners and judges seeking to follow in the footsteps of the EFTA Court, however, may find it difficult to operationalize the Vigeland criteria and put corresponding arguments for refusal into practice. Against this background, the following analysis provides guidelines for the practical application of public order and morality arguments in cultural heritage cases. It describes problems arising from the grant of trademark rights in cultural public domain material (Section I) and the traditional reluctance of trademark offices and courts to rely on public order and morality considerations in this context (Section II). After this statement of the problem, the criteria following from the Vigeland decision will be introduced (Section III) before we explore the practical implementation of the EFTA Court’s morality (Section IV) and public order (Section V) arguments in more detail. The final Section VI summarizes the results of the analysis. |
| Bodó, B., Giannopoulou, A., Mezei, P., Quintais, J. The rise of NFTs: These aren't the droids you're looking for In: European Intellectual Property Review, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {The rise of NFTs: These aren't the droids you're looking for},
author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Giannopoulou, A. and Quintais, J. and Mezei, P.},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4000423},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-04},
journal = {European Intellectual Property Review},
abstract = {Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are hailed as revolutionary tools that will empower artists and revolutionize copyright management and remuneration. This article explores their copyright relevance, and it describes how copyright might apply in relation to NFT creation and trading. In doing so, it provides an overview of the ecosystem of actors built around NFTs, and it analyzes the role of these actors according to the European copyright normative framework.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are hailed as revolutionary tools that will empower artists and revolutionize copyright management and remuneration. This article explores their copyright relevance, and it describes how copyright might apply in relation to NFT creation and trading. In doing so, it provides an overview of the ecosystem of actors built around NFTs, and it analyzes the role of these actors according to the European copyright normative framework. |
| Quintais, J., Trapova, A. EU copyright law round up – fourth trimester of 2021 In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash fourth trimester of 2021},
author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/12/27/eu-copyright-law-round-up-fourth-trimester-of-2021/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-27},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Helberger, N., Micklitz, H.-W., Sax, M., Strycharz, J. Choice Architectures in the Digital Economy: Towards a New Understanding of Digital Vulnerability In: Journal of Consumer Policy, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Choice Architectures in the Digital Economy: Towards a New Understanding of Digital Vulnerability},
author = {Helberger, N. and Sax, M. and Strycharz, J. and Micklitz, H.-W.},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10603-021-09500-5},
doi = {10.1007/s10603-021-09500-5},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-22},
journal = {Journal of Consumer Policy},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R., van Hoboken, J. Social Welfare, Risk Profiling and Fundamental Rights: The Case of SyRI in the Netherlands In: JIPITEC, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 257-271, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Social Welfare, Risk Profiling and Fundamental Rights: The Case of SyRI in the Netherlands},
author = {Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/jipitec_2021_4.pdf
https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-4-2021/5407},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-16},
journal = {JIPITEC},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {257-271},
abstract = {This article discusses the use of automated decisioning-making (ADM) systems by public administrative bodies, particularly systems designed to combat social-welfare fraud, from a European fundamental rights law perspective. The article begins by outlining the emerging fundamental rights issues in relation to ADM systems used by public administrative bodies. Building upon this, the article critically analyses a recent landmark judgment from the Netherlands and uses this as a case study for discussion of the application of fundamental rights law to ADM systems by public authorities more generally. In the so-called SyRI judgment, the District Court of The Hague held that a controversial automated welfare-fraud detection system (SyRI), which allows the linking and analysing of data from an array of government agencies to generate fraud-risk reports on people, violated the right to private life, guaranteed under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The Court held that SyRI was insufficiently transparent, and contained insufficient safeguards, to protect the right to privacy, in violation of Article 8 ECHR. This was one of the first times an ADM system being used by welfare authorities has been halted on the basis of Article 8 ECHR. The article critically analyses the SyRI judgment from a fundamental rights perspective, including by examining how the Court brought principles contained in the General Data Protection Regulation within the rubric of Article 8 ECHR as well as the importance the Court attaches to the principle of transparency under Article 8 ECHR. Finally, the article discusses how the Dutch government responded to the judgment. and discusses proposed new legislation, which is arguably more invasive, with the article concluding with some lessons that can be drawn for the broader policy and legal debate on ADM systems used by public authorities. implications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article discusses the use of automated decisioning-making (ADM) systems by public administrative bodies, particularly systems designed to combat social-welfare fraud, from a European fundamental rights law perspective. The article begins by outlining the emerging fundamental rights issues in relation to ADM systems used by public administrative bodies. Building upon this, the article critically analyses a recent landmark judgment from the Netherlands and uses this as a case study for discussion of the application of fundamental rights law to ADM systems by public authorities more generally. In the so-called SyRI judgment, the District Court of The Hague held that a controversial automated welfare-fraud detection system (SyRI), which allows the linking and analysing of data from an array of government agencies to generate fraud-risk reports on people, violated the right to private life, guaranteed under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The Court held that SyRI was insufficiently transparent, and contained insufficient safeguards, to protect the right to privacy, in violation of Article 8 ECHR. This was one of the first times an ADM system being used by welfare authorities has been halted on the basis of Article 8 ECHR. The article critically analyses the SyRI judgment from a fundamental rights perspective, including by examining how the Court brought principles contained in the General Data Protection Regulation within the rubric of Article 8 ECHR as well as the importance the Court attaches to the principle of transparency under Article 8 ECHR. Finally, the article discusses how the Dutch government responded to the judgment. and discusses proposed new legislation, which is arguably more invasive, with the article concluding with some lessons that can be drawn for the broader policy and legal debate on ADM systems used by public authorities. implications. |
| Keller, P. YouTube Copyright Transparency Report: Overblocking is real In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {YouTube Copyright Transparency Report: Overblocking is real},
author = {Keller, P.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/12/09/youtube-copyright-transparency-report-overblocking-is-real/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-10},
urldate = {2021-12-10},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 25 mei 2021 (Big Brother Watch e.a. / Verenigd Koninkrijk) en Hof van Justitie EU 6 oktober 2020 (La Quadrature du Net e.a. / Premier ministre e.a.) In: Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, no. 49, pp. 6225-6237, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 25 mei 2021 (Big Brother Watch e.a. / Verenigd Koninkrijk) en Hof van Justitie EU 6 oktober 2020 (La Quadrature du Net e.a. / Premier ministre e.a.)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_362.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-07},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {49},
pages = {6225-6237},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Hins, A. Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 6 oktober 2021 (Van Haga / LinkedIn) In: Mediaforum, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 206-208, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 6 oktober 2021 (Van Haga / LinkedIn)},
author = {Hins, A.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Mf_2021_6.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-02},
journal = {Mediaforum},
volume = {33},
number = {6},
pages = {206-208},
abstract = {Het Tweede Kamerlid Van Haga heeft op zijn LinkedIn profielpagina berichten geplaatst waarin hij de gevaren van het coronavirus in twijfel trok. Het bedrijf LinkedIn heeft eerst een paar van deze berichten verwijderd en daarna het account van Van Haga helemaal be\"{e}indigd. In het kort geding ging het onder meer om de vraag in hoeverre Van Haga beschermd wordt door de vrijheid van meningsuiting.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Het Tweede Kamerlid Van Haga heeft op zijn LinkedIn profielpagina berichten geplaatst waarin hij de gevaren van het coronavirus in twijfel trok. Het bedrijf LinkedIn heeft eerst een paar van deze berichten verwijderd en daarna het account van Van Haga helemaal beëindigd. In het kort geding ging het onder meer om de vraag in hoeverre Van Haga beschermd wordt door de vrijheid van meningsuiting. |
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 25 mei 2021 (Atlantic/Marell Boats) In: Auteursrecht, no. 4, pp. 228-229, 2021. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 25 mei 2021 (Atlantic/Marell Boats)},
author = {van Eechoud, M.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Auteursrecht_2021_4.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-02},
journal = {Auteursrecht},
number = {4},
pages = {228-229},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Gervais, D.J. AI-JAX In: Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz, pp. 437-448, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, ISBN: 9789403537337. @inbook{nokey,
title = {AI-JAX},
author = {Gervais, D.J.},
isbn = {9789403537337},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-30},
booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},
pages = {437-448},
publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},
series = {Information Law Series},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Helberger, N., Zarouali, B. 'Voetbal Hoort niet bij Robots': Attitudes Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Refereeing In: Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz, pp. 395-409, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, ISBN: 9789403537337. @inbook{nokey,
title = {'Voetbal Hoort niet bij Robots': Attitudes Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Refereeing},
author = {Helberger, N. and Zarouali, B.},
isbn = {9789403537337},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-30},
booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},
pages = {395-409},
publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},
series = {Information Law Series},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| van Eechoud, M. Database Rights in the EU's Data Strategy: A Question of Sport? In: Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz, pp. 251-261, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, ISBN: 9789403537337. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Database Rights in the EU's Data Strategy: A Question of Sport?},
author = {van Eechoud, M.},
isbn = {9789403537337},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-30},
booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},
pages = {251-261},
publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},
series = {Information Law Series},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Senftleben, M. Sacrificing the Gods on the Altar of Sports: The Redefinition of Cultural Symbols in the Sports Sector In: Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz, pp. 233-247, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, ISBN: 9789403537337. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Sacrificing the Gods on the Altar of Sports: The Redefinition of Cultural Symbols in the Sports Sector},
author = {Senftleben, M.},
isbn = {9789403537337},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-30},
booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},
pages = {233-247},
publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},
series = {Information Law Series},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Poort, J. An Economic Note on Reselling Tickets In: Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz, pp. 211-216, Wolters Kluwer, 2021, ISBN: 9789403537337. @inbook{nokey,
title = {An Economic Note on Reselling Tickets},
author = {Poort, J.},
isbn = {9789403537337},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-30},
booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},
pages = {211-216},
publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},
series = {Information Law Series},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
