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Annotatie bij Landgericht Hamburg 27 september 2024 (Kneschke / LAION) download
Abstract
Eerste vonnis in Europa over de TDM-beperkingen in art. 3 en 4 DSM-richtlijn. Het downloaden door LAION van een op een website aangetroffen foto voor het samenstellen van een dataset die gebruikt kan worden voor AItrainingsdoeleinden is op grond van (de Duitse implementatie van) art. 3 DSM-Rl toegestaan, omdat LAION als onderzoeksinstelling zonder winstoogmerk kwalificeert en het downloaden ertoe dient om de gegevens in de dataset te verifiëren. Daarbij is aan de driestappentoets voldaan. In obiter dictum overweegt het Landgericht dat een voorbehoud als bedoeld in art. 4 lid 3 DSM-Rl door een licentiehouder rechtsgeldig kan worden gemaakt, en dat – afhankelijk van de stand van de techniek – een
in natuurlijke taal gestelde gebruiksbeperking op een site als een “machine-leesbaar” voorbehoud zou kunnen gelden.
Case notes
RIS
Bibtex
Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie 4 oktober 2024 (ND / DR) download
Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie 4 juli 2023 (Meta Platforms / Bundeskartellamt) download
The rise of technology courts, or: How technology companies re-invent adjudication for a digital world
Abstract
The article “The Rise of Technology Courts” explores the evolving role of courts in the digital world, where technological advancements and artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming traditional adjudication processes. It argues that traditional courts are undergoing a significant transition due to digitization and the increasing influence of technology companies. The paper frames this transformation through the concept of the “sphere of the digital,” which explains how digital technology and AI redefine societal expectations of what courts should be and how they function.
The article highlights that technology is not only changing the materiality of courts—moving from physical buildings to digital portals—but also affecting their symbolic function as public institutions. It discusses the emergence of AI-powered judicial services, online dispute resolution (ODR), and technology-driven alternative adjudication bodies like the Meta Oversight Board. These developments challenge the traditional notions of judicial authority, jurisdiction, and legal expertise.
The paper concludes that while these technology-driven solutions offer increased efficiency and accessibility, they also raise fundamental questions about the legitimacy, transparency, and independence of adjudicatory bodies. As technology companies continue to shape digital justice, the article also argues that there are lessons to learn for the role and structure of traditional courts to ensure that human rights and public values are upheld.
Links
Artificial intelligence, big tech, digital transformation, digitisation, justice, values
RIS
Bibtex
The paradox of lawful text and data mining? Some experiences from the research sector and where we (should) go from here external link
Abstract
Scientific research can be tricky business. This paper critically explores the 'lawful access' requirement in European copyright law which applies to text and data mining (TDM) carried out for the purpose of scientific research. Whereas TDM is essential for data analysis, artificial intelligence (AI) and innovation, the paper argues that the 'lawful access' requirement in Article 3 CDSM Directive may actually restrict research by complicating the applicability of the TDM provision or even rendering it inoperable. Although the requirement is intended to ensure that researchers act in good faith before deploying TMD tools for purposes such as machine learning, it forces them to ask for permission to access data, for example by taking out a subscription to a service, and for that reason provides the opportunity for copyright holders to apply all sorts of commercial strategies to set the legal and technological parameters of access and potentially even circumvent the mandatory character of the provision. The paper concludes by drawing on insights from the recent European Commission study 'Improving access to and reuse of research results, publications and data for scientific purposes' that offer essential perspectives for the future of TDM, and by suggesting a number of paths forward that EU Member States can take already now in order to support a more predictable and reliable legal regime for scientific TDM and potentially code mining to foster innovation.
Links
Artificial intelligence, CDSM Directive, Copyright, Text and Data Mining (TDM)
RIS
Bibtex
Designing algorithms against corruption: a conjoint study on communicative features to encourage intentions for collective action external link
Abstract
Algorithmic tools are increasingly used to automate corruption reporting on social media platforms. Based on the use case of an existing bot, this study investigates how to design the communication of a bot to effectively and responsibly mobilize people for collective action against corruption. In a pre-registered choice-based conjoint survey (n = 1,331), we test six message design features: type of injustice, degree of injustice, anger, political partisanship, gender, and efficacy cues. Our results show that calling out cases of severe corruption increased people’s intention to engage in collective action against corruption. We find no empirical support for in-group favoritism based on political affiliation and gender. Yet, some commonly used design features can have contrasting effects on different audiences. We call for more social science research accompanying the technical development of algorithmic tools to fight corruption.
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Cybersecurity in the financial sector and the quantum-safe cryptography transition: in search of a precautionary approach in the EU Digital Operational Resilience Act framework
Abstract
An ever more digitalised financial sector is exposed to a growing number of cyberattacks. Given the criticality and interconnectedness of this sector, cyber threats here represent not only operational risks, but also systemic risks. In the long run, the emerging cyber risks include developments in quantum computing threatening widely used encryption safeguarding digital networks. Globally in the financial sector, some initiatives have already been taking place to explore the possible mitigating measures. This paper argues that for an industry-wide transition to quantum-safe cryptography the precautionary principle is relevant. In the EU, financial entities now have to be compliant with the Digital Operational Resilience Act strengthening ICT security requirements. This research traces the obligation to adopt quantum-resistant precautionary measures under its framework.
Links
Cybersecurity, quantum technologies
RIS
Bibtex
The concept of “research organisation” and its implications for text and data mining and AI research external link
Abstract
The concept of a “research organization” has significant implications across various domains of EU information law, including copyright, artificial intelligence (AI), and even platform regulation. Defined in the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (CDSMD), this concept plays a crucial role in determining the legal obligations and rights of entities engaging in activities such as text and data mining (TDM) and AI research, or data access for research purposes. By examining how this definition interacts with legislative frameworks like the CDSMD and the AI Act, this short contribution examines its critical role in EU digital regulation of research and highlights areas of legal uncertainty.