Kristina Irion’s research project won the SSH Open Competition M 2024 grant which funds free, curiosity-driven research in the Social Sciences and Humanities. The project will explore the fundamental tension between secrecy claims and transparency needs in the context of EU digital and data legislation. This is especially evident in the digital ecosystem where the detection of unlawful discrimination, unfair or deceptive practices, among others, requires some evidence or at least actionable information. In light of the EU’s digital ‘Act-ivism’ this research project will investigate how EU digital and data regulation balances the protection of confidential information with transparency. Especially public interest research by for example journalists, trade unions or consumer advocates can be a reason for transparency.