| Dergacheva, D., Harkai, I., Katzenbach, C., Mezei, P., Quintais, J., Riis, T., Schwemer, S. Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: Conclusions and Recommendations 2023. @techreport{nokey,
title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: Conclusions and Recommendations},
author = {Quintais, J. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Dergacheva, D. and Riis, T. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ssrn-id4403423/
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4403423\&s=09},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-30},
abstract = {This report is a deliverable in the reCreating Europe project. The report describes and summarizes the results of our research on the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation and removal. In particular, this report summarizes the results of our previous deliverables and tasks, namely: (1) our Final Report on mapping of EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation and removal; and (2) our Final Evaluation and Measuring Report - impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity.
Our previous reports contain a detailed description of the legal and empirical methodology underpinning our research and findings. This report focuses on bringing together these findings in a concise format and advancing policy recommendations. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
This report is a deliverable in the reCreating Europe project. The report describes and summarizes the results of our research on the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation and removal. In particular, this report summarizes the results of our previous deliverables and tasks, namely: (1) our Final Report on mapping of EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation and removal; and (2) our Final Evaluation and Measuring Report - impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity.
Our previous reports contain a detailed description of the legal and empirical methodology underpinning our research and findings. This report focuses on bringing together these findings in a concise format and advancing policy recommendations. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 7 oktober 2022 (X / ROC-Nijmegen) In: Mediaforum, iss. 1, no. 3, pp. 43-45, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 7 oktober 2022 (X / ROC-Nijmegen)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_mediaforum_2023_1/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-30},
journal = {Mediaforum},
number = {3},
issue = {1},
pages = {43-45},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Irion, K., Kaminski, M., Yakovleva, S. Privacy Peg, Trade Hole: Why We (Still) Shouldn’t Put Data Privacy in Trade Law 2023, visited: 28.03.2023. @online{Irion2023,
title = {Privacy Peg, Trade Hole: Why We (Still) Shouldn’t Put Data Privacy in Trade Law},
author = {Irion, K. and Kaminski, M. and Yakovleva, S.},
url = {https://lawreviewblog.uchicago.edu/2023/03/27/irion-kaminski-yakovleva/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-28},
urldate = {2023-03-28},
abstract = {A Response to Profs. Anupam Chander \& Paul Schwartz’s Privacy and/or Trade.
Some principles are not well suited for negotiation through the international trade regime. Or rather, the international trade regime has never been the right forum for negotiating or enforcing human rights. The World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) current approach to data privacy law both instantiates and illustrates this: it brackets data privacy as something trade law cannot well address, while illustrating the ways in which trade law superimposes its prioritization of trade liberalization atop other public values. Trade’s core framing prioritizes economic over human rights values. Beyond ensuring non-discriminatory treatment, trade law remains, in our view, the wrong place for both defining and enforcing rules on cross-border flows of personal data. Thus, while we welcome with open arms the thoughtful attention Professors Anupam Chander and Paul Schwartz pay to the current transnational struggle over data flows and digital trade, we cannot join in their optimism that trade law is the right forum for arbitrating it. },
howpublished = {University of Chicago Law Review Online, 27 March 2023},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
A Response to Profs. Anupam Chander & Paul Schwartz’s Privacy and/or Trade.
Some principles are not well suited for negotiation through the international trade regime. Or rather, the international trade regime has never been the right forum for negotiating or enforcing human rights. The World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) current approach to data privacy law both instantiates and illustrates this: it brackets data privacy as something trade law cannot well address, while illustrating the ways in which trade law superimposes its prioritization of trade liberalization atop other public values. Trade’s core framing prioritizes economic over human rights values. Beyond ensuring non-discriminatory treatment, trade law remains, in our view, the wrong place for both defining and enforcing rules on cross-border flows of personal data. Thus, while we welcome with open arms the thoughtful attention Professors Anupam Chander and Paul Schwartz pay to the current transnational struggle over data flows and digital trade, we cannot join in their optimism that trade law is the right forum for arbitrating it. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Remuneration rights and national treatment In: Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing, Chapter 33, pp. 341-352, 2023. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Remuneration rights and national treatment},
author = {Hugenholtz, P.},
doi = {10.4337/9781035310869.00050},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-28},
urldate = {2023-03-28},
booktitle = {Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing},
pages = {341-352},
chapter = {33},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| van Eechoud, M. FAIR, FRAND and open - The institutionalization of research data sharing under the EU data strategy In: Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing, Chapter 31, pp. 319-329, 2023. @inbook{nokey,
title = {FAIR, FRAND and open - The institutionalization of research data sharing under the EU data strategy},
author = {van Eechoud, M.},
doi = {10.4337/9781035310869.00047},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-28},
urldate = {2023-03-28},
booktitle = {Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing},
pages = {319-329},
chapter = {31},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Senftleben, M. Expressive genericity revisited: What EU policymakers can learn from Rochelle Dreyfuss In: Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023, Chapter 24, pp. 246-257, 2023. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Expressive genericity revisited: What EU policymakers can learn from Rochelle Dreyfuss},
author = {Senftleben, M.},
doi = {10.4337/9781035310869.00039},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-28},
urldate = {2023-03-28},
booktitle = {Improving Intellectual Property: A Global Project, S. Frankel, M. Chon, G. Dinwoodie, B. Lauriat, J. Schovsbo (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023},
pages = {246-257},
chapter = {24},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Dergacheva, D., Katzenbach, C., Quintais, J., Riis, T., Schwemer, S. Impact of content moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity 2023, (D.6.3 Final Evaluation and Measuring Report). @techreport{nokey,
title = {Impact of content moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity},
author = {Schwemer, S. and Katzenbach, C. and Dergacheva, D. and Riis, T. and Quintais, J.},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4380345},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-23},
abstract = {This Report presents the results of research carried out as part of Work Package 6 “Intermediaries: Copyright Content Moderation and Removal at Scale in the Digital Single Market: What Impact on Access to Culture?” of the project “ReCreating Europe”, particularly on Tasks 6.3 (Evaluating Legal Frameworks on the Different Levels (EU vs. national, public vs. private) and 6.4 (Measuring the impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity). This work centers on a normative analysis of the existing public and private legal frameworks with regard to intermediaries and cultural diversity, and on the actual impact on intermediaries’ content moderation on diversity.},
note = {D.6.3 Final Evaluation and Measuring Report},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
This Report presents the results of research carried out as part of Work Package 6 “Intermediaries: Copyright Content Moderation and Removal at Scale in the Digital Single Market: What Impact on Access to Culture?” of the project “ReCreating Europe”, particularly on Tasks 6.3 (Evaluating Legal Frameworks on the Different Levels (EU vs. national, public vs. private) and 6.4 (Measuring the impact of moderation practices and technologies on access and diversity). This work centers on a normative analysis of the existing public and private legal frameworks with regard to intermediaries and cultural diversity, and on the actual impact on intermediaries’ content moderation on diversity. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 22 november 2022 (WM, Sovim SA / Luxembourg Business Registers) In: Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, iss. 6, no. 62, pp. 1048-1051, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 22 november 2022 (WM, Sovim SA / Luxembourg Business Registers)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2023_62/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-17},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {62},
issue = {6},
pages = {1048-1051},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| De Gregorio, G., Magalhães, J.C., Quintais, J. How platforms govern users’ copyright-protected content: Exploring the power of private ordering and its implications In: Computer Law & Security Review, vol. 48, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {How platforms govern users’ copyright-protected content: Exploring the power of private ordering and its implications},
author = {Quintais, J. and De Gregorio, G. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/computer_law_and_security_review_2023/},
doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105792},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-24},
journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},
volume = {48},
abstract = {Online platforms provide primary points of access to information and other content in the digital age. They foster users’ ability to share ideas and opinions while offering opportunities for cultural and creative industries. In Europe, ownership and use of such expressions is partly governed by a complex web of legislation, sectoral self- and co-regulatory norms. To an important degree, it is also governed by private norms defined by contractual agreements and informal relationships between users and platforms. By adopting policies usually defined as Terms of Service and Community Guidelines, platforms almost unilaterally set use, moderation and enforcement rules, structures and practices (including through algorithmic systems) that govern the access and dissemination of protected content by their users. This private governance of essential means of access, dissemination and expression to (and through) creative content is hardly equitable, though. In fact, it is an expression of how platforms control what users \textendash including users-creators \textendash can say and disseminate online, and how they can monetise their content.
As platform power grows, EU law is adjusting by moving towards enhancing the responsibility of platforms for content they host. One crucial example of this is Article 17 of the new Copyright Directive (2019/790), which fundamentally changes the regime and liability of “online content-sharing service providers” (OCSSPs). This complex regime, complemented by rules in the Digital Services Act, sets out a new environment for OCSSPs to design and carry out content moderation, as well as to define their contractual relationship with users, including creators. The latter relationship is characterized by significant power imbalance in favour of platforms, calling into question whether the law can and should do more to protect users-creators.
This article addresses the power of large-scale platforms in EU law over their users’ copyright-protected content and its effects on the governance of that content, including on its exploitation and some of its implications for freedom of expression. Our analysis combines legal and empirical methods. We carry our doctrinal legal research to clarify the complex legal regime that governs platforms’ contractual obligations to users and content moderation activities, including the space available for private ordering, with a focus on EU law. From the empirical perspective, we conducted a thematic analysis of most versions of the Terms of Services published over time by the three largest social media platforms in number of users \textendash Facebook, Instagram and YouTube \textendash so as to identify and examine the rules these companies have established to regulate user-generated content, and the ways in which such provisions shifted in the past two decades. In so doing, we unveil how foundational this sort of regulation has always been to platforms’ functioning and how it contributes to defining a system of content exploitation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Online platforms provide primary points of access to information and other content in the digital age. They foster users’ ability to share ideas and opinions while offering opportunities for cultural and creative industries. In Europe, ownership and use of such expressions is partly governed by a complex web of legislation, sectoral self- and co-regulatory norms. To an important degree, it is also governed by private norms defined by contractual agreements and informal relationships between users and platforms. By adopting policies usually defined as Terms of Service and Community Guidelines, platforms almost unilaterally set use, moderation and enforcement rules, structures and practices (including through algorithmic systems) that govern the access and dissemination of protected content by their users. This private governance of essential means of access, dissemination and expression to (and through) creative content is hardly equitable, though. In fact, it is an expression of how platforms control what users – including users-creators – can say and disseminate online, and how they can monetise their content.
As platform power grows, EU law is adjusting by moving towards enhancing the responsibility of platforms for content they host. One crucial example of this is Article 17 of the new Copyright Directive (2019/790), which fundamentally changes the regime and liability of “online content-sharing service providers” (OCSSPs). This complex regime, complemented by rules in the Digital Services Act, sets out a new environment for OCSSPs to design and carry out content moderation, as well as to define their contractual relationship with users, including creators. The latter relationship is characterized by significant power imbalance in favour of platforms, calling into question whether the law can and should do more to protect users-creators.
This article addresses the power of large-scale platforms in EU law over their users’ copyright-protected content and its effects on the governance of that content, including on its exploitation and some of its implications for freedom of expression. Our analysis combines legal and empirical methods. We carry our doctrinal legal research to clarify the complex legal regime that governs platforms’ contractual obligations to users and content moderation activities, including the space available for private ordering, with a focus on EU law. From the empirical perspective, we conducted a thematic analysis of most versions of the Terms of Services published over time by the three largest social media platforms in number of users – Facebook, Instagram and YouTube – so as to identify and examine the rules these companies have established to regulate user-generated content, and the ways in which such provisions shifted in the past two decades. In so doing, we unveil how foundational this sort of regulation has always been to platforms’ functioning and how it contributes to defining a system of content exploitation. |
| Keller, P. Gebruikersrechten door de achterdeur. Nationale implementaties van artikel 17 DSM-richtlijn en de uitspraak van het HvJ EU in de zaak Polen/EU (C-401/19) In: Auteursrecht, iss. 1, pp. 12-17, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {Gebruikersrechten door de achterdeur. Nationale implementaties van artikel 17 DSM-richtlijn en de uitspraak van het HvJ EU in de zaak Polen/EU (C-401/19)},
author = {Keller, P.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/auteursrecht_2023_1/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-23},
journal = {Auteursrecht},
issue = {1},
pages = {12-17},
abstract = {Meer dan drie en een half jaar na de aanname van de richtlijn Auteursrecht in de eengemaakte digitale markt (CDSM), en anderhalf jaar na de deadline voor de implementatie, blijft het effect van de meest controversi\"{e}le bepaling ervan, artikel 17, grotendeels onduidelijk. Voor een buitenstaander is het nog steeds moeilijk om negatieve of positieve gevolgen te zien van de nieuwe aansprakelijkheidsregeling voor aanbieders van onlinediensten voor het delen van inhoud (OCSSPs), anders dan dat de overdreven beweringen dat artikel 17 ‘het einde van het internet zou betekenen of ‘de creatieve industrie zou redden’ onjuist zijn gebleken. In deze bijdrage wordt beschreven wat er met artikel 17 is gebeurd sinds het verstrijken van de implementatiedeadline. Wat weten we over nationale implementaties en de gevolgen daarvan voor platforms en hun gebruikers?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meer dan drie en een half jaar na de aanname van de richtlijn Auteursrecht in de eengemaakte digitale markt (CDSM), en anderhalf jaar na de deadline voor de implementatie, blijft het effect van de meest controversiële bepaling ervan, artikel 17, grotendeels onduidelijk. Voor een buitenstaander is het nog steeds moeilijk om negatieve of positieve gevolgen te zien van de nieuwe aansprakelijkheidsregeling voor aanbieders van onlinediensten voor het delen van inhoud (OCSSPs), anders dan dat de overdreven beweringen dat artikel 17 ‘het einde van het internet zou betekenen of ‘de creatieve industrie zou redden’ onjuist zijn gebleken. In deze bijdrage wordt beschreven wat er met artikel 17 is gebeurd sinds het verstrijken van de implementatiedeadline. Wat weten we over nationale implementaties en de gevolgen daarvan voor platforms en hun gebruikers? |
| Hins, A. Ongehoord Nederland! Underdog en waakhond. In: Ars Aequi, vol. 72, pp. 114-117, 2023, (Opinie). @article{nokey,
title = {Ongehoord Nederland! Underdog en waakhond.},
author = {Hins, A.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/aa_wouter-hins-ongehoord-nederland-manuscript/
},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-23},
urldate = {2023-02-23},
journal = {Ars Aequi},
volume = {72},
pages = {114-117},
abstract = {Hoeveel ruimte moet er binnen de publieke omroep blijven voor een omroepvereniging met een radicaal andere visie op goede journalistiek? Enerzijds is het de taak van de Raad van Bestuur van de NPO ervoor te waken dat alle publieke media-instellingen betrouwbaar, zorgvuldig en professioneel handelen. Daar staat tegenover dat Nederland een lange traditie heeft van ideologisch geprofileerde omroepen die elk hun eigen visie op de waarheid mochten verkondigen.},
note = {Opinie},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hoeveel ruimte moet er binnen de publieke omroep blijven voor een omroepvereniging met een radicaal andere visie op goede journalistiek? Enerzijds is het de taak van de Raad van Bestuur van de NPO ervoor te waken dat alle publieke media-instellingen betrouwbaar, zorgvuldig en professioneel handelen. Daar staat tegenover dat Nederland een lange traditie heeft van ideologisch geprofileerde omroepen die elk hun eigen visie op de waarheid mochten verkondigen. |
| Keller, P. Protecting creatives or impeding progress? Machine learning and the EU copyright framework 2023, visited: 20.02.2023. @online{nokey,
title = {Protecting creatives or impeding progress? Machine learning and the EU copyright framework},
author = {Keller, P.},
url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/02/20/protecting-creatives-or-impeding-progress-machine-learning-and-the-eu-copyright-framework/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-20},
urldate = {2023-02-20},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
|
| Appelman, N., Buri, I., Fahy, R., Quintais, J., Straub, M., van Hoboken, J. Putting the DSA into Practice: Enforcement, Access to Justice and Global Implications 2023, ISBN: 9783757517960. @techreport{nokey,
title = {Putting the DSA into Practice: Enforcement, Access to Justice and Global Implications},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Buri, I. and Straub, M.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/vhoboken-et-al_putting-the-dsa-into-practice/
https://verfassungsblog.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/vHoboken-et-al_Putting-the-DSA-into-Practice.pdf},
doi = {10.17176/20230208-093135-0},
isbn = {9783757517960},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-17},
urldate = {2023-02-17},
publisher = {Verfassungsbooks},
abstract = {The Digital Services Act was finally published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 27 October 2022. This publication marks the end of a years-long drafting and negotiation process, and opens a new chapter: that of its enforcement, practicable access to justice, and potential to set global precedents. The Act has been portrayed as Europe’s new „Digital Constitution“, which affirms the primacy of democratic rulemaking over the private transnational ordering mechanisms of Big Tech. With it, the European Union aims once again to set a global standard in the regulation of the digital environment. But will the Digital Services Act be able to live up to its expectations, and under what conditions?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
The Digital Services Act was finally published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 27 October 2022. This publication marks the end of a years-long drafting and negotiation process, and opens a new chapter: that of its enforcement, practicable access to justice, and potential to set global precedents. The Act has been portrayed as Europe’s new „Digital Constitution“, which affirms the primacy of democratic rulemaking over the private transnational ordering mechanisms of Big Tech. With it, the European Union aims once again to set a global standard in the regulation of the digital environment. But will the Digital Services Act be able to live up to its expectations, and under what conditions? |
| Diakopoulos, N., Helberger, N. ChatGPT and the AI Act In: Internet Policy Review, vol. 12, iss. 1, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {ChatGPT and the AI Act},
author = {Helberger, N. and Diakopoulos, N.},
url = {https://policyreview.info/essay/chatgpt-and-ai-act},
doi = {10.14763/2023.1.1682},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-16},
journal = {Internet Policy Review},
volume = {12},
issue = {1},
abstract = {It is not easy being a tech regulator these days. The European institutions are working hard towards finalising the AI Act in autumn, and then generative AI systems like ChatGPT come along! In this essay, we comment the European AI Act by arguing that its current risk-based approach is too limited for facing ChatGPT \& co.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It is not easy being a tech regulator these days. The European institutions are working hard towards finalising the AI Act in autumn, and then generative AI systems like ChatGPT come along! In this essay, we comment the European AI Act by arguing that its current risk-based approach is too limited for facing ChatGPT & co. |
| Dommering, E. Polen is plotseling de verdediger van de Europese grondwet. Een beschouwing over de zaak Polen/Europees Parlement: HvJ EU 22 april 2022, zaak C-401/19 In: Auteursrecht, vol. 2022, iss. 4, pp. 219-227, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {Polen is plotseling de verdediger van de Europese grondwet. Een beschouwing over de zaak Polen/Europees Parlement: HvJ EU 22 april 2022, zaak C-401/19},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/auteursrecht_2022_4/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-31},
urldate = {2023-01-31},
journal = {Auteursrecht},
volume = {2022},
issue = {4},
pages = {219-227},
abstract = {Dit artikel bevat een inleiding waarin de verandering in de communicatienetwerkomgeving wordt geschetst om te verduidelijken dat het systeem van de e-Commercerichtlijn niet goed meer past, maar waar toch nog dikwijls aan wordt gerefereerd (par. 1). Vervolgens wordt stilgestaan bij de constitutionele toetsing die het VEU introduceert (par. 2). Hiermee hangt samen dat een abstracte constitutionele toetsing aan de beperkingsclausules van het Handvest ingewikkeld is, een aspect dat in deze vorm in het auteursrecht nog niet eerder aan de orde is geweest (par. 3). Dat een dergelijke constitutionele
toetsing heel verschillend kan worden aangepakt, blijkt uit de conclusie van de A-G en het Hof, die daarom tegenover de aanpak van het Hof wordt gezet (par. 4 en 5). Het artikel rondt af met een analyse dat de inzet van de zaak is vrijheid van meningsuiting, maar dat het resultaat is meer overheidsinvloed op de filtertechnieken die censuur moeten voorkomen (par. 6).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dit artikel bevat een inleiding waarin de verandering in de communicatienetwerkomgeving wordt geschetst om te verduidelijken dat het systeem van de e-Commercerichtlijn niet goed meer past, maar waar toch nog dikwijls aan wordt gerefereerd (par. 1). Vervolgens wordt stilgestaan bij de constitutionele toetsing die het VEU introduceert (par. 2). Hiermee hangt samen dat een abstracte constitutionele toetsing aan de beperkingsclausules van het Handvest ingewikkeld is, een aspect dat in deze vorm in het auteursrecht nog niet eerder aan de orde is geweest (par. 3). Dat een dergelijke constitutionele
toetsing heel verschillend kan worden aangepakt, blijkt uit de conclusie van de A-G en het Hof, die daarom tegenover de aanpak van het Hof wordt gezet (par. 4 en 5). Het artikel rondt af met een analyse dat de inzet van de zaak is vrijheid van meningsuiting, maar dat het resultaat is meer overheidsinvloed op de filtertechnieken die censuur moeten voorkomen (par. 6). |
| Quintais, J., Trapova, A. EU copyright law round up – fourth trimester of 2022 In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash fourth trimester of 2022},
author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},
url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/01/13/eu-copyright-law-round-up-fourth-trimester-of-2022/},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-13},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Dodds, T., Helberger, N., Resendez, V., Seipp, T., Vreese, C. de Popularity-driven Metrics: Audience Analytics and Shifting Opinion Power to Digital Platforms In: Journalism Studies, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {Popularity-driven Metrics: Audience Analytics and Shifting Opinion Power to Digital Platforms},
author = {Dodds, T. and Vreese, C. de and Helberger, N. and Resendez, V. and Seipp, T.},
doi = {10.1080/1461670X.2023.2167104},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-06},
urldate = {2023-01-06},
journal = {Journalism Studies},
abstract = {As digital technologies have made their way into news production, allowing news organizations to measure audience behaviors and engagement in real-time, click-based and editorial goals have become increasingly intertwined. Ongoing developments in algorithmic technologies allow editors to bring their audience into the newsroom using specialized tools such as Chartbeat or Google Analytics. This article examines how these technologies have affected the composition of the audience and their power to influence news-making processes inside two Chilean newsrooms. Drawing on several months of newsroom ethnography, we identify how the pursuit of “clickable news” impacts editorial processes and journalistic priorities by changing the datafied audience opinion power behind news production. Shifts in opinion power, loss of control, and increased platform dependency may contribute to a concentrated media landscape. Our findings show that opinion power has shifted to a datafied version of the audience, raising new questions about platform dependency and editorial autonomy in media organizations. These results carry significant implications for understanding the chase for traffic in current multiplatform newsrooms and how this phenomenon impacts news production.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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As digital technologies have made their way into news production, allowing news organizations to measure audience behaviors and engagement in real-time, click-based and editorial goals have become increasingly intertwined. Ongoing developments in algorithmic technologies allow editors to bring their audience into the newsroom using specialized tools such as Chartbeat or Google Analytics. This article examines how these technologies have affected the composition of the audience and their power to influence news-making processes inside two Chilean newsrooms. Drawing on several months of newsroom ethnography, we identify how the pursuit of “clickable news” impacts editorial processes and journalistic priorities by changing the datafied audience opinion power behind news production. Shifts in opinion power, loss of control, and increased platform dependency may contribute to a concentrated media landscape. Our findings show that opinion power has shifted to a datafied version of the audience, raising new questions about platform dependency and editorial autonomy in media organizations. These results carry significant implications for understanding the chase for traffic in current multiplatform newsrooms and how this phenomenon impacts news production. |
| Ausloos, J., Helberger, N., Seipp, T., Vreese, C.H. de Dealing with Opinion Power in the Platform World: Why We Really Have to Rethink Media Concentration Law In: Digital Journalism, 2023. @article{nokey,
title = {Dealing with Opinion Power in the Platform World: Why We Really Have to Rethink Media Concentration Law},
author = {Seipp, T. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de and Ausloos, J.},
doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2161924},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-03},
urldate = {2023-01-03},
journal = {Digital Journalism},
abstract = {The platformised news environment affects audiences, challenges the news media’s role, and transforms the media ecosystem. Digital platform companies influence opinion formation and hence wield “opinion power,” a normatively and constitutionally rooted notion that captures the core of media power in democracy and substantiates why that power must be distributed. Media concentration law is the traditional tool to prevent predominant opinion power from emerging but is, in its current form, not applicable to the platform context. We demonstrate how the nature of opinion power is changing and shifting from news media to platforms and distinguish three levels of opinion power: (1) the individual citizen, (2) the institutional newsroom and (3) the media ecosystem. The reconceptualization at the three levels provides a framework to develop future (non-)regulatory responses that address (1) the shifting influence over individual news consumption and exposure, (2) the changing power dynamics within automated, datafied and platform-dependent newsrooms, and (3) the systemic power of platforms and structural dependencies in the media ecosystem. We demonstrate that as the nature of opinion power is changing, so must the tools of control.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
The platformised news environment affects audiences, challenges the news media’s role, and transforms the media ecosystem. Digital platform companies influence opinion formation and hence wield “opinion power,” a normatively and constitutionally rooted notion that captures the core of media power in democracy and substantiates why that power must be distributed. Media concentration law is the traditional tool to prevent predominant opinion power from emerging but is, in its current form, not applicable to the platform context. We demonstrate how the nature of opinion power is changing and shifting from news media to platforms and distinguish three levels of opinion power: (1) the individual citizen, (2) the institutional newsroom and (3) the media ecosystem. The reconceptualization at the three levels provides a framework to develop future (non-)regulatory responses that address (1) the shifting influence over individual news consumption and exposure, (2) the changing power dynamics within automated, datafied and platform-dependent newsrooms, and (3) the systemic power of platforms and structural dependencies in the media ecosystem. We demonstrate that as the nature of opinion power is changing, so must the tools of control. |
| Es, R. van, Irion, K. De uitspraak C-817/19 van het HvJ EU inzake de PNR-richtlijn en de gevolgen voor nationale implementatiewetgeving en in het bijzonder de Nederlandse PNR-wet In: Mediaforum, vol. 2022, no. 6, pp. 185-192, 2022. @article{Irion2022e,
title = {De uitspraak C-817/19 van het HvJ EU inzake de PNR-richtlijn en de gevolgen voor nationale implementatiewetgeving en in het bijzonder de Nederlandse PNR-wet},
author = {Irion, K. and Es, R. van},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/preprint_irion_van-es_pnr-richtlijn/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-30},
journal = {Mediaforum},
volume = {2022},
number = {6},
pages = {185-192},
abstract = {Op 21 juni 2022 heeft het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU of Hof) een uitspraak gewezen in de zaak Ligue des droits humains. Centraal in deze uitspraak staat de geldigheid van de Richtlijn (EU) 2016/681 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 27 april 2016 over het gebruik van persoonsgegevens van passagiers (PNR-gegevens) voor het voorkomen, opsporen, onderzoeken en vervolgen van terroristische misdrijven en ernstige criminaliteit (PNR-richtlijn). In deze uitspraak legt het Hof interpretatieve beperkingen op met betrekking tot de omvang en de reikwijdte van de EU-brede beveiligingspraktijk rond luchtvaartpassagiersgegevens. Deze uitspraak zal de lidstaten vrijwel zeker dwingen de nodige wijzigingen in hun nationale implementatiewetgeving en praktijken aan te brengen, hetgeen zeer moeilijke praktische en juridische kwesties voor de lidstaten oplevert.},
keywords = {},
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}
Op 21 juni 2022 heeft het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU of Hof) een uitspraak gewezen in de zaak Ligue des droits humains. Centraal in deze uitspraak staat de geldigheid van de Richtlijn (EU) 2016/681 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 27 april 2016 over het gebruik van persoonsgegevens van passagiers (PNR-gegevens) voor het voorkomen, opsporen, onderzoeken en vervolgen van terroristische misdrijven en ernstige criminaliteit (PNR-richtlijn). In deze uitspraak legt het Hof interpretatieve beperkingen op met betrekking tot de omvang en de reikwijdte van de EU-brede beveiligingspraktijk rond luchtvaartpassagiersgegevens. Deze uitspraak zal de lidstaten vrijwel zeker dwingen de nodige wijzigingen in hun nationale implementatiewetgeving en praktijken aan te brengen, hetgeen zeer moeilijke praktische en juridische kwesties voor de lidstaten oplevert. |
| Drunen, M. van, Eskens, S., Helberger, N., Möller, J., Vrijenhoek, S. Towards a Normative Perspective on Journalistic AI: Embracing the Messy Reality of Normative Ideals In: Digital Journalism, vol. 10, iss. 10, pp. 1605-1626, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Towards a Normative Perspective on Journalistic AI: Embracing the Messy Reality of Normative Ideals},
author = {Helberger, N. and Drunen, M. van and M\"{o}ller, J. and Vrijenhoek, S. and Eskens, S.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digital_journalism_2022_10/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2152195},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-22},
journal = {Digital Journalism},
volume = {10},
issue = {10},
pages = {1605-1626},
abstract = {Few would disagree that AI systems and applications need to be “responsible,” but what is “responsible” and how to answer that question? Answering that question requires a normative perspective on the role of journalistic AI and the values it shall serve. Such a perspective needs to be grounded in a broader normative framework and a thorough understanding of the dynamics and complexities of journalistic AI at the level of people, newsrooms and media markets. This special issue aims to develop such a normative perspective on the use of AI-driven tools in journalism and the role of digital journalism studies in advancing that perspective. The contributions in this special issue combine conceptual, organisational and empirical angles to study the challenges involved in actively using AI to promote editorial values, the powers at play, the role of economic and regulatory conditions, and ways of bridging academic ideals and the messy reality of the real world. This editorial brings the different contributions into conversation, situates them in the broader digital journalism studies scholarship and identifies seven key-take aways.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Few would disagree that AI systems and applications need to be “responsible,” but what is “responsible” and how to answer that question? Answering that question requires a normative perspective on the role of journalistic AI and the values it shall serve. Such a perspective needs to be grounded in a broader normative framework and a thorough understanding of the dynamics and complexities of journalistic AI at the level of people, newsrooms and media markets. This special issue aims to develop such a normative perspective on the use of AI-driven tools in journalism and the role of digital journalism studies in advancing that perspective. The contributions in this special issue combine conceptual, organisational and empirical angles to study the challenges involved in actively using AI to promote editorial values, the powers at play, the role of economic and regulatory conditions, and ways of bridging academic ideals and the messy reality of the real world. This editorial brings the different contributions into conversation, situates them in the broader digital journalism studies scholarship and identifies seven key-take aways. |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Freedom of Expression and the EU’s Ban on Russia Today: A Dangerous Rubicon Crossed In: Communications Law, vol. 27, iss. 4, pp. 186-193, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Freedom of Expression and the EU’s Ban on Russia Today: A Dangerous Rubicon Crossed},
author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4322452},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-22},
urldate = {2022-12-22},
journal = {Communications Law},
volume = {27},
issue = {4},
pages = {186-193},
abstract = {In RT France v Council, the General Court of the European Union found that the ban on RT France in the EU did not violate the right to freedom of expression and media freedom, under Article 11 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Notably, the General Court sought to apply principles from case law of the European Court of Human Rights and international human rights law. This article argues that there are serious questions to be raised over the General Court’s reasoning in RT France, and the judgment arguably represents a deeply problematic application of European and international free expression principles.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In RT France v Council, the General Court of the European Union found that the ban on RT France in the EU did not violate the right to freedom of expression and media freedom, under Article 11 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Notably, the General Court sought to apply principles from case law of the European Court of Human Rights and international human rights law. This article argues that there are serious questions to be raised over the General Court’s reasoning in RT France, and the judgment arguably represents a deeply problematic application of European and international free expression principles. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Is Spotify the New Radio? The Scope of the Right to Remuneration for "Secondary Uses" in Respect of Audio Streaming Services In: Gestaltung der Informationsrechtsordnung: Festschrift für Thomas Dreier zum 65. Geburtstag, Fischer, Nolte, Senftleben & Specht-Riemenschneider (ed.), C.H. Beck: München, pp. 161-176, 2022. @inbook{nokey,
title = {Is Spotify the New Radio? The Scope of the Right to Remuneration for "Secondary Uses" in Respect of Audio Streaming Services},
author = {Hugenholtz, P.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/is-spotify-making-available/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-16},
urldate = {2022-12-16},
booktitle = {Gestaltung der Informationsrechtsordnung: Festschrift f\"{u}r Thomas Dreier zum 65. Geburtstag, Fischer, Nolte, Senftleben \& Specht-Riemenschneider (ed.), C.H. Beck: M\"{u}nchen},
pages = {161-176},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Hugenholtz, P. ALLEA Statement on Open Access Publication under “Big Deals” and the New Copyright Rules In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {ALLEA Statement on Open Access Publication under “Big Deals” and the New Copyright Rules},
author = {Hugenholtz, P.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/12/12/allea-statement-on-open-access-publication-under-big-deals-and-the-new-copyright-rules/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-12},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Butler, B., Carroll, M., Cohen-Sasson, O., Contreras, J.L., Craig, C., Flynn, S., Guibault, L., Jaszi, P., Jütte, B.J., Katz, A., Margoni, T., Quintais, J., Rocha de Souza, A., Sag, M., Samberg, R., Schirru, L., Senftleben, M., Tur-Sinai, O. Legal reform to enhance global text and data mining research: Outdated copyright laws around the world hinder research In: Science, vol. 378, iss. 6623, pp. 951-953, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Legal reform to enhance global text and data mining research: Outdated copyright laws around the world hinder research},
author = {Flynn, S. and Butler, B. and Carroll, M. and Cohen-Sasson, O. and Craig, C. and Guibault, L. and Jaszi, P. and J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Katz, A. and Quintais, J. and Margoni, T. and Rocha de Souza, A. and Sag, M. and Samberg, R. and Schirru, L. and Senftleben, M. and Tur-Sinai, O. and Contreras, J.L.},
doi = {10.1126/science.add6124},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-08},
urldate = {2022-12-08},
journal = {Science},
volume = {378},
issue = {6623},
pages = {951-953},
abstract = {Researchers engaged in text and data mining (TDM) research collect vast amounts of digitized material and use software to analyze and extract information from it. TDM is a crucial first step to many machine learning, digital humanities, and social science applications, addressing some of the world’s greatest scientific and societal challenges, from predicting and tracking COVID-19 to battling hate speech and disinformation. Although applications of TDM often occur across borders, with researchers, subjects, and materials in more than one country, a patchwork of copyright laws across jurisdictions limits where and how TDM research can occur. With the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, and legislatures around the world, deliberating the harmonization of copyright exceptions for various research uses, we discuss policy measures that can ensure that TDM research is unambiguously authorized under copyright law.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Researchers engaged in text and data mining (TDM) research collect vast amounts of digitized material and use software to analyze and extract information from it. TDM is a crucial first step to many machine learning, digital humanities, and social science applications, addressing some of the world’s greatest scientific and societal challenges, from predicting and tracking COVID-19 to battling hate speech and disinformation. Although applications of TDM often occur across borders, with researchers, subjects, and materials in more than one country, a patchwork of copyright laws across jurisdictions limits where and how TDM research can occur. With the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, and legislatures around the world, deliberating the harmonization of copyright exceptions for various research uses, we discuss policy measures that can ensure that TDM research is unambiguously authorized under copyright law. |
| Seipp, T. Book review: Media Freedom, by Damian Tambini In: Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Book review: Media Freedom, by Damian Tambini},
author = {Seipp, T.},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10776990221143749},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990221143749},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-07},
journal = {Journalism \& Mass Communication Quarterly},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Broeders, D., Csernatoni, R., Irion, K., Kaminska, M., Monti, G., Robles-Carrillo, M., Soare, S., Timmers, P. Digital Sovereignty: from Narrative to Policy? EU Institute for Security Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Leiden University, 2022. @book{Broeders2022,
title = {Digital Sovereignty: from Narrative to Policy?},
author = {Broeders, D. and Csernatoni, R. and Irion, K. and Kaminska, M. and Monti, G. and Robles-Carrillo, M. and Soare, S. and Timmers, P.
},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digital-sovereignty-from-narrative-to-policy/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-07},
urldate = {2022-12-07},
publisher = {EU Institute for Security Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Leiden University},
abstract = {The debate in Europe about digital sovereignty, technological sovereignty, data sovereignty and strategic autonomy has been building over recent years at both the EU level and the level of individual Member States. While there has been much analysis of these new narratives of digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy, less attention has been paid to the alignment \textendash or misalignment \textendash between these narratives and the EU policies that would translate the concepts into everyday life. This lacuna was the point of departure for the EU Cyber Direct Research Seminar we organised on the 18th of March 2022 under the title Digital Sovereignty: From Narrative to Policy?, the results of which are published in this report. The seminar took the recent discussions and narratives about EU digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy as a starting point and asked what these narratives mean for the array of individual (EU) policies that will have to support a new strategically autonomous/geopolitical positioning of the Union: does the EU have the instruments, policies, institutions and political will to implement and substantiate its geopolitical ambitions? The contributions in this volume demonstrate that the EU has an important balancing act to perform in terms of policy, implementation and diplomacy in increasingly geopolitical times.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
The debate in Europe about digital sovereignty, technological sovereignty, data sovereignty and strategic autonomy has been building over recent years at both the EU level and the level of individual Member States. While there has been much analysis of these new narratives of digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy, less attention has been paid to the alignment – or misalignment – between these narratives and the EU policies that would translate the concepts into everyday life. This lacuna was the point of departure for the EU Cyber Direct Research Seminar we organised on the 18th of March 2022 under the title Digital Sovereignty: From Narrative to Policy?, the results of which are published in this report. The seminar took the recent discussions and narratives about EU digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy as a starting point and asked what these narratives mean for the array of individual (EU) policies that will have to support a new strategically autonomous/geopolitical positioning of the Union: does the EU have the instruments, policies, institutions and political will to implement and substantiate its geopolitical ambitions? The contributions in this volume demonstrate that the EU has an important balancing act to perform in terms of policy, implementation and diplomacy in increasingly geopolitical times. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 25 februari 2022 (Google) In: Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, iss. 37/38/39, no. 259, pp. 4708-4709, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 25 februari 2022 (Google)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_259/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-28},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {259},
issue = {37/38/39},
pages = {4708-4709},
abstract = {Privacyrecht. Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG); verzoek verwijdering zoekresultaten; gevoelige persoonsgegevens (art. 10 AVG); maatstaf. Proceskosten in AVG-zaken; doeltreffende voorziening (art. 79 AVG en art. 47
Handvest Grondrechten EU).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Privacyrecht. Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG); verzoek verwijdering zoekresultaten; gevoelige persoonsgegevens (art. 10 AVG); maatstaf. Proceskosten in AVG-zaken; doeltreffende voorziening (art. 79 AVG en art. 47
Handvest Grondrechten EU). |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie Hoge Raad 3 december 2021 (Hoist Finance AB) In: Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, iss. 37/38/39, no. 258, pp. 4640-4642, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Annotatie Hoge Raad 3 december 2021 (Hoist Finance AB)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_258/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-28},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {258},
issue = {37/38/39},
pages = {4640-4642},
abstract = {Prejudici\"{e}le beslissing op voet art. 392 Rv. Algemene verordening gegevensbescherming (AVG). Rechtsgrond verwerking persoonsgegevens in kredietregistratiestelsel BKR; recht op gegevenswissing; recht op bezwaar.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Prejudiciële beslissing op voet art. 392 Rv. Algemene verordening gegevensbescherming (AVG). Rechtsgrond verwerking persoonsgegevens in kredietregistratiestelsel BKR; recht op gegevenswissing; recht op bezwaar. |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R., Quintais, J. Using Terms and Conditions to Apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation In: German Law Journal, Forthcoming. @article{nokey,
title = {Using Terms and Conditions to Apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation},
author = {Quintais, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R.},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4286147
https://osf.io/f2n7m/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-25},
journal = {German Law Journal},
abstract = {Large online platforms provide an unprecedented means for exercising freedom of expression online and wield enormous power over public participation in the online democratic space. However, it is increasingly clear that their systems, where (automated) content moderation decisions are taken based on a platform's terms and conditions (T\&Cs), are fundamentally broken. Content moderation systems have been said to undermine freedom of expression, especially where important public interest speech ends up suppressed, such as speech by minority and marginalized groups. Indeed, these content moderation systems have been criticized for their overly vague rules of operation, inconsistent enforcement, and an overdependence on automation. Therefore, in order to better protect freedom of expression online, international human rights bodies and civil society organizations have argued that platforms “should incorporate directly” principles of fundamental rights law into their T\&Cs. Under EU law, and apart from a rule in the Terrorist Content Regulation, platforms had until recently no explicit obligation to incorporate fundamental rights into their T\&Cs. However, an important provision in the Digital Services Act (DSA) will change this. Crucially, Article 14 DSA lays down new rules on how platforms can enforce their T\&Cs, including that platforms must have “due regard” to the “fundamental rights” of users under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this article, we critically examine the topic of enforceability of fundamental rights via T\&Cs through the prism of Article 14 DSA. We ask whether this provision requires platforms to apply EU fundamental rights law and to what extent this may curb the power of Big Tech over online speech. We conclude that Article 14 will make it possible, in principle, to establish the indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights in the relationship between online platforms and their users. But in order for the application and enforcement of T\&Cs to take due regard of fundamental rights, Article 14 must be operationalized within the framework of the international and European fundamental rights standards, and therefore allowing Article 14 to fulfil its revolutionary potential.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {forthcoming},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Large online platforms provide an unprecedented means for exercising freedom of expression online and wield enormous power over public participation in the online democratic space. However, it is increasingly clear that their systems, where (automated) content moderation decisions are taken based on a platform's terms and conditions (T&Cs), are fundamentally broken. Content moderation systems have been said to undermine freedom of expression, especially where important public interest speech ends up suppressed, such as speech by minority and marginalized groups. Indeed, these content moderation systems have been criticized for their overly vague rules of operation, inconsistent enforcement, and an overdependence on automation. Therefore, in order to better protect freedom of expression online, international human rights bodies and civil society organizations have argued that platforms “should incorporate directly” principles of fundamental rights law into their T&Cs. Under EU law, and apart from a rule in the Terrorist Content Regulation, platforms had until recently no explicit obligation to incorporate fundamental rights into their T&Cs. However, an important provision in the Digital Services Act (DSA) will change this. Crucially, Article 14 DSA lays down new rules on how platforms can enforce their T&Cs, including that platforms must have “due regard” to the “fundamental rights” of users under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this article, we critically examine the topic of enforceability of fundamental rights via T&Cs through the prism of Article 14 DSA. We ask whether this provision requires platforms to apply EU fundamental rights law and to what extent this may curb the power of Big Tech over online speech. We conclude that Article 14 will make it possible, in principle, to establish the indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights in the relationship between online platforms and their users. But in order for the application and enforcement of T&Cs to take due regard of fundamental rights, Article 14 must be operationalized within the framework of the international and European fundamental rights standards, and therefore allowing Article 14 to fulfil its revolutionary potential. |
| Senftleben, M. Compliance of National TDM Rules with International Copyright Law: An Overrated Nonissue? In: IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law , vol. 53, pp. 1477-1505, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Compliance of National TDM Rules with International Copyright Law: An Overrated Nonissue?},
author = {Senftleben, M.},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-022-01266-8},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01266-8},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-25},
journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },
volume = {53},
pages = {1477-1505},
abstract = {Seeking to devise an adequate regulatory framework for text and data mining (TDM), countries around the globe have adopted different approaches. While considerable room for TDM can follow from the application of fair use provisions (US) and broad statutory exemptions (Japan), countries in the EU rely on a more restrictive regulation that is based on specific copyright exceptions. Surveying this spectrum of existing approaches, lawmakers in countries seeking to devise an appropriate TDM regime may wonder whether the adoption of a restrictive approach is necessary in the light of international copyright law. In particular, they may feel obliged to ensure compliance with the three-step test laid down in Art. 9(2) of the Berne Convention, Art. 13 of the TRIPS Agreement and Art. 10 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty. Against this background, the analysis raises the question whether international copyright law covers TDM activities at all. TDM does not concern a traditional category of use that could have been contemplated at the diplomatic conferences leading to the current texts of the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO Copyright Treaty. It is an automated, analytical type of use that does not affect the expressive core of literary and artistic works. Arguably, TDM constitutes a new category of copying that falls outside the scope of international copyright harmonization altogether.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Seeking to devise an adequate regulatory framework for text and data mining (TDM), countries around the globe have adopted different approaches. While considerable room for TDM can follow from the application of fair use provisions (US) and broad statutory exemptions (Japan), countries in the EU rely on a more restrictive regulation that is based on specific copyright exceptions. Surveying this spectrum of existing approaches, lawmakers in countries seeking to devise an appropriate TDM regime may wonder whether the adoption of a restrictive approach is necessary in the light of international copyright law. In particular, they may feel obliged to ensure compliance with the three-step test laid down in Art. 9(2) of the Berne Convention, Art. 13 of the TRIPS Agreement and Art. 10 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty. Against this background, the analysis raises the question whether international copyright law covers TDM activities at all. TDM does not concern a traditional category of use that could have been contemplated at the diplomatic conferences leading to the current texts of the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO Copyright Treaty. It is an automated, analytical type of use that does not affect the expressive core of literary and artistic works. Arguably, TDM constitutes a new category of copying that falls outside the scope of international copyright harmonization altogether. |
| Dommering, E. De lange schaduw van de Koude Oorlog in de kunst: over kunst, kitsch, camp en dictatorkunst In: De Nederlandse Boekengids, no. 6, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {De lange schaduw van de Koude Oorlog in de kunst: over kunst, kitsch, camp en dictatorkunst},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.nederlandseboekengids.com/20221114-egbert-dommering/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-18},
journal = {De Nederlandse Boekengids},
number = {6},
abstract = {Met Poetins invasie en de reactie daarop lijkt de Koude Oorlog nu dan echt teruggekeerd. Egbert Dommering leest Louis Menands recente en monumentale The Free World: Art and Thought in the Cold War en peilt de culturele betekenis van die terugkeer. Was de culturele deling tussen Oost en West ooit echt weg? Dachten we heus dat kunst ook apolitiek kon zijn? Doemt met de dictatorkitsch van Poetin c.s. vanzelf ook een terugkeer op naar een geopolitieke uitsortering van hoge en lage kunst?},
keywords = {},
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}
Met Poetins invasie en de reactie daarop lijkt de Koude Oorlog nu dan echt teruggekeerd. Egbert Dommering leest Louis Menands recente en monumentale The Free World: Art and Thought in the Cold War en peilt de culturele betekenis van die terugkeer. Was de culturele deling tussen Oost en West ooit echt weg? Dachten we heus dat kunst ook apolitiek kon zijn? Doemt met de dictatorkitsch van Poetin c.s. vanzelf ook een terugkeer op naar een geopolitieke uitsortering van hoge en lage kunst? |
| Janssen, H. Opinie: Commerciële datakluizen lossen problemen met big tech niet op In: De Volkskrant, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Opinie: Commerci\"{e}le datakluizen lossen problemen met big tech niet op},
author = {Janssen, H.},
url = {https://archive.ph/dQqU3},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-09},
journal = {De Volkskrant},
abstract = {Om de burger te behoeden voor de grote controle-, heers- en geldzucht van big tech, worden steeds vaker zogenaamde ‘datakluizen’ aangeboden. Maar zijn de digitale gegevens die we tikkend en klikkend vanuit die kluis delen wel beter af?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Om de burger te behoeden voor de grote controle-, heers- en geldzucht van big tech, worden steeds vaker zogenaamde ‘datakluizen’ aangeboden. Maar zijn de digitale gegevens die we tikkend en klikkend vanuit die kluis delen wel beter af? |
| Dobber, T., Helberger, N., Trilling, D., Vreese, C.H. de Effects of an issue-based microtargeting campaign: A small-scale field experiment in a multi-party setting In: The Information Society, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Effects of an issue-based microtargeting campaign: A small-scale field experiment in a multi-party setting},
author = {Dobber, T. and Trilling, D. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01972243.2022.2134240},
doi = {10.1080/01972243.2022.2134240},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-08},
journal = {The Information Society},
abstract = {Political microtargeting is the subject of heated societal debate but not much is known about its effects, especially in non-US contexts. Microtargeting, used by political actors to send citizens tailored messages, could have the potential to overcome barriers that make generic political messages less effective. In this article, we present a small-scale field experiment, which serves as a case study to illustrate how microtargeting’s effects on citizens could be measured. The field experiment showed that receiving a microtargeted message via postal mail increased likelihood to vote for the microtargeting party, but this increase did not translate into actual votes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Political microtargeting is the subject of heated societal debate but not much is known about its effects, especially in non-US contexts. Microtargeting, used by political actors to send citizens tailored messages, could have the potential to overcome barriers that make generic political messages less effective. In this article, we present a small-scale field experiment, which serves as a case study to illustrate how microtargeting’s effects on citizens could be measured. The field experiment showed that receiving a microtargeted message via postal mail increased likelihood to vote for the microtargeting party, but this increase did not translate into actual votes. |
| Hins, A. Goed bestuur en integriteit bij de publieke omroep In: Mediaforum, iss. 5, pp. 158-163, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Goed bestuur en integriteit bij de publieke omroep},
author = {Hins, A.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/mediaforum_2022_5/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-03},
journal = {Mediaforum},
issue = {5},
pages = {158-163},
abstract = {Volgens artikel 2.3, lid 2, van de Mediawet moet de Raad van Bestuur van de NPO een gedragscode opstellen ter bevordering van goed bestuur en integriteit bij de eigen organisatie, de landelijke publieke media-instellingen en de Ster. Naar aanleiding van enkele incidenten werd dit onderwerp door de Tweede Kamer besproken op 7 juli 2022. De materi\"{e}le verplichtingen en het toezicht op de naleving daarvan lijken een onoverzichtelijke kluwen. Doel van deze bijdrage is een paar hoofdlijnen te onderscheiden en te bezien of de materie beter kan worden geregeld.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Volgens artikel 2.3, lid 2, van de Mediawet moet de Raad van Bestuur van de NPO een gedragscode opstellen ter bevordering van goed bestuur en integriteit bij de eigen organisatie, de landelijke publieke media-instellingen en de Ster. Naar aanleiding van enkele incidenten werd dit onderwerp door de Tweede Kamer besproken op 7 juli 2022. De materiële verplichtingen en het toezicht op de naleving daarvan lijken een onoverzichtelijke kluwen. Doel van deze bijdrage is een paar hoofdlijnen te onderscheiden en te bezien of de materie beter kan worden geregeld. |
| Appelman, N., Buri, I., Fahy, R., Quintais, J., Straub, M., van Hoboken, J. The DSA has been published – now the difficult bit begins In: Verfassungsblog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {The DSA has been published \textendash now the difficult bit begins},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Buri, I. and Quintais, J. and Fahy, R. and Appelman, N. and Straub, M.},
url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/dsa-published/},
doi = {10.17176/20221031-095722-0},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-31},
urldate = {2022-10-31},
journal = {Verfassungsblog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| van Daalen, O. Testimony for PEGA hearing on spyware and fundamental rights In: 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Testimony for PEGA hearing on spyware and fundamental rights},
author = {van Daalen, O.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/testimony_pega/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-27},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Irion, K. Repairing the EU Passenger Name Record Directive: the ECJ’s judgment in Ligue des droits humains (Case C-817/19) 2022, visited: 24.10.2022. @online{Irion2022d,
title = {Repairing the EU Passenger Name Record Directive: the ECJ’s judgment in Ligue des droits humains (Case C-817/19)},
author = {Irion, K.},
url = {https://europeanlawblog.eu/2022/10/11/repairing-the-eu-passenger-name-record-directive-the-ecjs-judgment-in-ligue-des-droits-humains-case-c-817-19/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-24},
urldate = {2022-10-24},
abstract = {On 21 June 2022, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) handed down its judgment in Ligue des droits humains concerning the Directive 2016/681 on passenger name record data (PNR Directive). In Ligue des droits humains, the Court now ‘repairs’ the PNR Directive by means of a Charter-conforming interpretation and, without affecting its validity, significantly modifies the permissible scale and scope of the EU-wide security practice on passengers’ data. This post summarises how the ECJ assesses the validity of the PNR Directive in light of Articles 7, 8 and 52(1) of the Charter (the fundamental right to respect for private life, to protection of personal data, and the principle of proportionality, respectively). },
howpublished = {European Law Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {online}
}
On 21 June 2022, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) handed down its judgment in Ligue des droits humains concerning the Directive 2016/681 on passenger name record data (PNR Directive). In Ligue des droits humains, the Court now ‘repairs’ the PNR Directive by means of a Charter-conforming interpretation and, without affecting its validity, significantly modifies the permissible scale and scope of the EU-wide security practice on passengers’ data. This post summarises how the ECJ assesses the validity of the PNR Directive in light of Articles 7, 8 and 52(1) of the Charter (the fundamental right to respect for private life, to protection of personal data, and the principle of proportionality, respectively). |
| van Daalen, O. Opinie: Leg wettelijk vast dat experts onderzoek mogen doen naar gaten in cyberbeveiliging In: De Volkskrant, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Opinie: Leg wettelijk vast dat experts onderzoek mogen doen naar gaten in cyberbeveiliging},
author = {van Daalen, O.},
url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/opinie-leg-wettelijk-vast-dat-experts-onderzoek-mogen-doen-naar-gaten-in-cyberbeveiliging~bfa52cbb/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-13},
journal = {De Volkskrant},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Rucz, M. SLAPPed by the GDPR: protecting public interest journalism in the face of GDPR-based strategic litigation against public participation In: Journal of Media Law, vol. 14, iss. 2, pp. 378-405, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {SLAPPed by the GDPR: protecting public interest journalism in the face of GDPR-based strategic litigation against public participation},
author = {Rucz, M.},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2022.2129614},
doi = {10.1080/17577632.2022.2129614},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-13},
urldate = {2022-10-13},
journal = {Journal of Media Law},
volume = {14},
issue = {2},
pages = {378-405},
abstract = {Strategic litigation against public participation is a threat to public interest journalism. Although typically a defamation claim underpins a SLAPP, the GDPR may serve as an alternative basis. This paper explores how public interest journalism is protected, and could be better protected, from abusive GDPR proceedings. The GDPR addresses the tension between data protection and freedom of expression by providing for a journalistic exemption. However, narrow national implementations of this provision leave the GDPR open for abuse. By analysing GDPR proceedings against newspaper Forbes Hungary, the paper illustrates how the GDPR can be instrumentalised as a SLAPP strategy. As European anti-SLAPP initiatives are finetuned, abusive GDPR proceedings need to be recognised as emerging forms of SLAPPs, requiring more attention to inadequate engagement with European freedom of expression standards in national implementations of the GDPR, data protection authorities’ role in facilitating SLAPPs, and the chilling effects of GDPR sanctions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Strategic litigation against public participation is a threat to public interest journalism. Although typically a defamation claim underpins a SLAPP, the GDPR may serve as an alternative basis. This paper explores how public interest journalism is protected, and could be better protected, from abusive GDPR proceedings. The GDPR addresses the tension between data protection and freedom of expression by providing for a journalistic exemption. However, narrow national implementations of this provision leave the GDPR open for abuse. By analysing GDPR proceedings against newspaper Forbes Hungary, the paper illustrates how the GDPR can be instrumentalised as a SLAPP strategy. As European anti-SLAPP initiatives are finetuned, abusive GDPR proceedings need to be recognised as emerging forms of SLAPPs, requiring more attention to inadequate engagement with European freedom of expression standards in national implementations of the GDPR, data protection authorities’ role in facilitating SLAPPs, and the chilling effects of GDPR sanctions. |
| Drunen, M. van NIT S.R.L. t. Moldavië (EHRM, 28470/12) – Het EHRM introduceert intern pluralisme In: European Human Rights Cases Updates, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {NIT S.R.L. t. Moldavi\"{e} (EHRM, 28470/12) \textendash Het EHRM introduceert intern pluralisme},
author = {Drunen, M. van},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ehrc_updates_7okt2022/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-07},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases Updates},
abstract = {NIT t. Moldavi\"{e} draait om de vraag of een staat een uitzendvergunning mag intrekken om pluralisme te waarborgen. Het merendeel van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM over pluralisme heeft juist betrekking op de plicht die staten hebben om te verzekeren dat er voldoende mediabedrijven zijn die vrij zijn om hun eigen, diverse standpunten uit te dragen. NIT werd echter uit de lucht gehaald om pluralisme te beschermen: de Moldavische omroep had niet voldaan aan haar verplichting om in haar nieuws verschillende politieke standpunten gebalanceerd te presenteren. De Grote Kamer grijpt de zaak aan om haar jurisprudentie over de omstandigheden waaronder een staat de redactionele vrijheid van een mediabedrijf kan beperken om pluralisme te garanderen te ontwikkelen. Het EHRM oordeelt dat artikel 10 EVRM niet geschonden is.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
NIT t. Moldavië draait om de vraag of een staat een uitzendvergunning mag intrekken om pluralisme te waarborgen. Het merendeel van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM over pluralisme heeft juist betrekking op de plicht die staten hebben om te verzekeren dat er voldoende mediabedrijven zijn die vrij zijn om hun eigen, diverse standpunten uit te dragen. NIT werd echter uit de lucht gehaald om pluralisme te beschermen: de Moldavische omroep had niet voldaan aan haar verplichting om in haar nieuws verschillende politieke standpunten gebalanceerd te presenteren. De Grote Kamer grijpt de zaak aan om haar jurisprudentie over de omstandigheden waaronder een staat de redactionele vrijheid van een mediabedrijf kan beperken om pluralisme te garanderen te ontwikkelen. Het EHRM oordeelt dat artikel 10 EVRM niet geschonden is. |
| Quintais, J., Trapova, A. EU copyright law round up – third trimester of 2022 In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash third trimester of 2022},
author = {Quintais, J. and Trapova, A.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/10/03/eu-copyright-law-round-up-third-trimester-of-2022/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-03},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Bruning, T., Dommering, E., Kruikemeier, S., Maussen, M., Smeets, H. Moet fake news verboden worden? De toekomst van samen beslissen 2022, visited: 18.09.2022. @online{nokey,
title = {Moet fake news verboden worden? De toekomst van samen beslissen},
author = {Dommering, E. and Bruning, T. and Kruikemeier, S. and Smeets, H. and Maussen, M.},
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm66bfgLn_o},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-18},
urldate = {2022-09-18},
abstract = {Debat georganiseerd door NVJ \& Arminius debatpodium.
In St. Petersburg staat een fake-news-fabriek die de Nederlandse samenleving ondermijnt op Instagram, Youtube en Tiktok. De Russische staatszender RT is naar aanleiding van de oorlog in Oekra\"{i}ne door de Europese Unie verboden. Veel mensen zien fake news als een van de grootste hedendaagse bedreigingen van de democratie en regelmatig zijn er schandalen, zoals bij de Amerikaanse verkiezingen met Cambridge Analytica. Moet misbruik van de vrijheid van meningsuiting verboden worden? Wanneer is sprake van misbruik van de vrijheid van meningsuiting? En wie mag dat dan bepalen? },
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}
Debat georganiseerd door NVJ & Arminius debatpodium.
In St. Petersburg staat een fake-news-fabriek die de Nederlandse samenleving ondermijnt op Instagram, Youtube en Tiktok. De Russische staatszender RT is naar aanleiding van de oorlog in Oekraïne door de Europese Unie verboden. Veel mensen zien fake news als een van de grootste hedendaagse bedreigingen van de democratie en regelmatig zijn er schandalen, zoals bij de Amerikaanse verkiezingen met Cambridge Analytica. Moet misbruik van de vrijheid van meningsuiting verboden worden? Wanneer is sprake van misbruik van de vrijheid van meningsuiting? En wie mag dat dan bepalen? |
| Brogi, E., Fahy, R., Idiz, D., Irion, K., Meiring, A., Parcu, P.L., Poort, J., Seipp, T., Verza, S. et. al. Study on media plurality and diversity online 2022, ISBN: 978-92-76-51323-0, (Report commissioned by European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, written by Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF), European University Institute, CiTiP (Centre for Information Technology and Intellectual Property) of KU Leuven, Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam (IViR/UvA), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology, VUB- SMIT)). @techreport{nokey,
title = {Study on media plurality and diversity online},
author = {Parcu, P.L. and Brogi, E. and Verza, S. et. al. and Irion, K. and Fahy, R. and Idiz, D. and Meiring, A. and Seipp, T. and Poort, J.
},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/study-on-media-plurality-and-diversity-online/
https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/529019},
doi = {10.2759/529019},
isbn = {978-92-76-51323-0},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-16},
urldate = {2022-09-16},
publisher = {Publications Office of the European Union},
abstract = {The Study on Media Plurality and Diversity Online investigates the value of safeguarding media pluralism and diversity online, focusing on (i) the prominence and discoverability of general interest content and services, and on (ii) market plurality and the concentration of economic resources. With a focus on Europe, the project is funded by a tender from the European Commission to produce a study on Media Plurality and Diversity Online and involves four partner universities: CMPF (EUI); CiTiP (Centre for Information Technology and Intellectual Property) of KU Leuven; the Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam (IViR/UvA); imec-SMIT-Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The purpose of the assignment was to describe, analyse and evaluate the existing regulatory and business practices in the two areas mentioned above, and finally to elaborate some policy recommendations. Data were collected from the database of the Media Pluralism Monitor (CMPF) and through desk research, online consultations and interviews with stakeholders. The contractor was able to call on a network of national experts across the Member States to support this work.},
note = {Report commissioned by European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, written by Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF), European University Institute, CiTiP (Centre for Information Technology and Intellectual Property) of KU Leuven, Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam (IViR/UvA), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology, VUB- SMIT)},
keywords = {},
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}
The Study on Media Plurality and Diversity Online investigates the value of safeguarding media pluralism and diversity online, focusing on (i) the prominence and discoverability of general interest content and services, and on (ii) market plurality and the concentration of economic resources. With a focus on Europe, the project is funded by a tender from the European Commission to produce a study on Media Plurality and Diversity Online and involves four partner universities: CMPF (EUI); CiTiP (Centre for Information Technology and Intellectual Property) of KU Leuven; the Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam (IViR/UvA); imec-SMIT-Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The purpose of the assignment was to describe, analyse and evaluate the existing regulatory and business practices in the two areas mentioned above, and finally to elaborate some policy recommendations. Data were collected from the database of the Media Pluralism Monitor (CMPF) and through desk research, online consultations and interviews with stakeholders. The contractor was able to call on a network of national experts across the Member States to support this work. |
| Sax, M. Algorithmic News Diversity and Democratic Theory: Adding Agonism to the Mix In: Digital Journalism, 2022. @article{Sax2022,
title = {Algorithmic News Diversity and Democratic Theory: Adding Agonism to the Mix},
author = {Sax, M.},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},
doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-14},
urldate = {2022-09-14},
journal = {Digital Journalism},
abstract = {The role news recommenders can play in stimulating news diversity is receiving increasing amounts of attention. Democratic theory plays an important role in this debate because it helps explain why news diversity is important and which kinds of news diversity should be pursued. In this article, I observe that the current literature on news recommenders and news diversity largely draws on a narrow set of theories of liberal and deliberative democracy. Another strand of democratic theory often referred to as ‘agonism’ is often ignored. This, I argue, is a mistake. Liberal and deliberative theories of democracy focus on the question of how political disagreements and conflicts can be resolved in a rational and legitimate manner. Agonism, to the contrary, stresses the ineradicability of conflict and the need to make conflict productive. This difference in thinking about the purpose of democratic politics can also lead to new ways of thinking about the value of news diversity and role algorithmic news recommenders should play in promoting it. The overall aim of the article is (re)introduce agonistic theory to the news recommender context and to argue that agonism deserves more serious attention.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The role news recommenders can play in stimulating news diversity is receiving increasing amounts of attention. Democratic theory plays an important role in this debate because it helps explain why news diversity is important and which kinds of news diversity should be pursued. In this article, I observe that the current literature on news recommenders and news diversity largely draws on a narrow set of theories of liberal and deliberative democracy. Another strand of democratic theory often referred to as ‘agonism’ is often ignored. This, I argue, is a mistake. Liberal and deliberative theories of democracy focus on the question of how political disagreements and conflicts can be resolved in a rational and legitimate manner. Agonism, to the contrary, stresses the ineradicability of conflict and the need to make conflict productive. This difference in thinking about the purpose of democratic politics can also lead to new ways of thinking about the value of news diversity and role algorithmic news recommenders should play in promoting it. The overall aim of the article is (re)introduce agonistic theory to the news recommender context and to argue that agonism deserves more serious attention. |
| Bénédict, G., De Rijke, M., Gutierrez Granada, M., Odijk, D., Vrijenhoek, S. RADio – Rank-Aware Divergence Metrics to Measure Normative Diversity in News Recommendations In: RecSys '22: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, pp. 208-219, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {RADio \textendash Rank-Aware Divergence Metrics to Measure Normative Diversity in News Recommendations},
author = {Vrijenhoek, S. and B\'{e}n\'{e}dict, G. and Gutierrez Granada, M. and Odijk, D. and De Rijke, M.},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3523227.3546780},
doi = {10.1145/3523227.3546780},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-13},
journal = {RecSys '22: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems},
pages = {208-219},
abstract = {In traditional recommender system literature, diversity is often seen as the opposite of similarity, and typically defined as the distance between identified topics, categories or word models. However, this is not expressive of the social science’s interpretation of diversity, which accounts for a news organization’s norms and values and which we here refer to as normative diversity. We introduce RADio, a versatile metrics framework to evaluate recommendations according to these normative goals. RADio introduces a rank-aware Jensen Shannon (JS) divergence. This combination accounts for (i) a user’s decreasing propensity to observe items further down a list and (ii) full distributional shifts as opposed to point estimates. We evaluate RADio’s ability to reflect five normative concepts in news recommendations on the Microsoft News Dataset and six (neural) recommendation algorithms, with the help of our metadata enrichment pipeline. We find that RADio provides insightful estimates that can potentially be used to inform news recommender system design.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In traditional recommender system literature, diversity is often seen as the opposite of similarity, and typically defined as the distance between identified topics, categories or word models. However, this is not expressive of the social science’s interpretation of diversity, which accounts for a news organization’s norms and values and which we here refer to as normative diversity. We introduce RADio, a versatile metrics framework to evaluate recommendations according to these normative goals. RADio introduces a rank-aware Jensen Shannon (JS) divergence. This combination accounts for (i) a user’s decreasing propensity to observe items further down a list and (ii) full distributional shifts as opposed to point estimates. We evaluate RADio’s ability to reflect five normative concepts in news recommendations on the Microsoft News Dataset and six (neural) recommendation algorithms, with the help of our metadata enrichment pipeline. We find that RADio provides insightful estimates that can potentially be used to inform news recommender system design. |
| Dommering, E., Lamoree, J. In het Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam heeft het eigen gelijk een ereplek gekregen In: Vrij Nederland, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {In het Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam heeft het eigen gelijk een ereplek gekregen},
author = {Lamoree, J. and Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/in-het-stedelijk-museum-amsterdam-heeft-het-eigen-gelijk-een-ereplek-gekregen/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-10},
journal = {Vrij Nederland},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Harkai, I., Katzenbach, C., Magalhães, J.C., Mezei, P., Quintais, J., Riis, T., Schwemer, S. Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis 2022, (ReCreating Europe, August 2022). @techreport{nokey,
title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis},
author = {Quintais, J. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Riis, T.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/copyright_content_moderation_in_the_eu/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-09},
urldate = {2022-09-09},
abstract = {This report is part of the reCreating Europe project and describes the results of the research carried out in the context of Work Package 6 on the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation. The Report addresses the following main research question: how can we map the impact on access to culture in the Digital Single Market of content moderation of copyright-protected content on online platforms? },
note = {ReCreating Europe, August 2022},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
This report is part of the reCreating Europe project and describes the results of the research carried out in the context of Work Package 6 on the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation. The Report addresses the following main research question: how can we map the impact on access to culture in the Digital Single Market of content moderation of copyright-protected content on online platforms? |
| Harkai, I., Katzenbach, C., Magalhães, J.C., Mezei, P., Quintais, J., Riis, T., Schwemer, S. Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis In: Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2022. @article{nokey,
title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis},
author = {Quintais, J. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Riis, T.},
url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/09/07/copyright-content-moderation-in-the-eu-an-interdisciplinary-mapping-analysis/},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-08},
journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
| Burri, M., Irion, K. § 16 Digitaler Handel (Handels- und Kooperationsvertrag EU/GB Handbuch) In: C.J. Tams G. Kübek, J. P. Terhechte (Ed.): Nomos, 2022, ISBN: 978-3-8487-7188-2 . @inbook{Irion2022c,
title = {§ 16 Digitaler Handel (Handels- und Kooperationsvertrag EU/GB Handbuch)},
author = {Irion, K. and Burri, M.},
editor = {G. K\"{u}bek, C.J. Tams, J.P. Terhechte},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/i-16-digitaler-handel-irion-burri-2/},
isbn = {978-3-8487-7188-2 },
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
urldate = {2022-09-01},
publisher = {Nomos},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
|
| Buri, I., Chapman, M., Culloty, E., Drunen, M. van, Fahy, R., Giannopoulou, A., Gil González, E., Heuvelhof, C. ten, Meiring, A., Strycharz, J. New actors and risks in online advertising 2022, ISSN: 2079-1062, (IRIS Special 2022-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg). @techreport{nokey,
title = {New actors and risks in online advertising},
author = {Drunen, M. van and Buri, I. and Chapman, M. and Culloty, E. and Fahy, R. and Giannopoulou, A. and Gil Gonz\'{a}lez, E. and Meiring, A. and Strycharz, J. and Heuvelhof, C. ten},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/iris_special_1_2022/
https://rm.coe.int/iris-special-1-2022en-online-advertising/1680a744d7?c=199\&traversed=1},
issn = {2079-1062},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-01},
note = {IRIS Special 2022-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
|
