@article{tenThije2019a,
title = {Online platforms and the advertising industry deliver EU Code of Practice on disinformation},
author = {Thije, P. ten},
url = {https://merlin.obs.coe.int/iris/2019/1/article7.en.html},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-14},
journal = {IRIS Newsletter },
organization = {IRIS Newsletter & Merlin Database},
abstract = {The newsletter and Merlin Database entry describe the most recent European Union Code of Practice on disinformation and fake news. The code of practice was created by online platforms such as Google and Facebook and the advertising industry to counter fake news online.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Harambam2017,
title = {De/politisering van de Waarheid: Complottheorie\"{e}n, alternatieve feiten en nepnieuws in het tijdperk van de postwaarheid},
author = {Harambam, J. },
url = {https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/aup/soc/2017/00000013/00000001/art00007#},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5117/SOC2017.1.HARA},
issn = {1875-7138},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-23},
journal = {Sociologie},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {73-92},
abstract = {

The Truth dominates many public discussions today. Conventional truths from established epistemic authorities about all sorts of issues, from climate change to terrorist attacks, are increasingly challenged by ordinary citizens and presidents alike. Many have therefore proclaimed that we have entered a post-truth era: a world in which objective facts are no longer relevant. Media and politics speak in alarmist discourse about how fake news, conspiracy theories and alternative facts threaten democratic societies by destabilizing the Truth ‐ a clear sign of a moral panic. In this essay, I firstly explore what sociological changes have led to (so much commotion about) the alleged demise of the Truth. In contrast to the idea that we have moved beyond it, I argue that we are amidst public battles about the Truth: at stake is who gets to decide over that and why. I then discuss and criticize the dominant counter reaction (re-establishing the idea of one objective and irrefutable truth), which I see as an unsuccessful de-politisation strategy. Basing myself on research and experiments with epistemic democracy in the field of science studies, I end with a more effective and democratic alternative of how to deal with knowledge in the complex information landscape of today.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Coche2018g,
title = {Privatised enforcement and the right to freedom of expression in a world confronted with terrorism propaganda online},
author = {Coche, E.},
url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/privatised-enforcement-and-right-freedom-expression-world-confronted-terrorism},
doi = {10.14763/2018.4.1382},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-06},
journal = {Internet Policy Review},
volume = {2018},
number = {4},
abstract = {

The purpose of this paper is to explore the risks of privatised enforcement in the field of terrorism propaganda, stemming from the EU Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online. By shedding light on this Code, the author argues that implementation of it may undermine the rule of law and give rise to private censorship. In order to outweigh these risks, IT companies should improve their transparency, especially towards users whose content have been affected. Where automated means are used, the companies should always have in place some form of human intervention in order to contextualise posts. At the EU level, the Commission should provide IT companies with clearer guidelines regarding their liability exemption under the e-Commerce Directive. This would help prevent a race-to-the bottom where intermediaries choose to interpret and apply the most stringent national laws in order to secure at utmost their liability. The paper further articulates on the fine line that exists between ‘terrorist content’ and ‘illegal hate speech’ and the need for more detailed definitions.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Nieuwenhuis2018,
title = {Op zoek naar het publieke debat. Over de afbakening door het EHRM van een bij uitstek beschermde categorie uitlatingen},
author = {Nieuwenhuis, A.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_3.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-03},
journal = {Mediaforum},
volume = {2018},
number = {3},
pages = {58-66},
abstract = {

De vrijheid van meningsuiting heeft meer gewicht bij uitlatingen die deel uitmaken van het publiek debat. Dat is een bekend uitgangspunt dat ook door het EHRM gehanteerd wordt. Daarmee is de vraag hoe deze categorie met name beschermde uitlatingen wordt afgebakend nog niet beantwoord. Deze bijdrage tracht op grond van een analyse van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM antwoord op deze vraag te geven. Er wordt in het bijzonder ook onderzocht of de benadering van het Hof consistent is.<./p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Kabel2018c,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 30 januari 2018 (Sekmadienis Ltd. / Litouwen)},
author = {Kabel, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Mediaforum_2018_3.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-08-03},
journal = {Mediaforum},
volume = {2018},
number = {3},
pages = {84-87},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@book{McGonagle2018,
title = {Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights},
author = {McGonagle, T. and Voorhoof, D.},
url = {https://rm.coe.int/freedom-of-expression-the-media-and-journalists-iris-themes-vol-iii-de/16807c1181},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-17},
abstract = {

This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. With well over 30,000 downloads, the first three editions of the e-book (2013, 2015 and 2016) have proved hugely successful. The new fourth edition summarises over 270 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). For an optimal navigational experience, one should download the e-book and read the technical tips on p. 3.

},
note = {<p>IRIS Themes, Vol. III, 4th edition, Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory, 2017
ISBN: 9789287184351 (print version).</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@article{Dommering2018c,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 27 juni 2017 (Satakunnan Markkinap\"{o}rssi Oy & Satamedia Oy / Finland)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_67.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-13},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
volume = {2018},
number = {8},
pages = {984-987},
abstract = {

In Finland mogen openbare fiscale inkomensgegevens niet onbeperkt worden gepubliceerd: er moet een afweging plaatsvinden welk algemeen belang daarmee is gediend. Deze afweging is vergelijkbaar met die voor algemene privacy inbreuken door de pers geldt.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2018b,
title = {De Intocht van Boniklasius in Dokkum, dertien eeuwen later},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2017_7_8_opinie.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-13},
journal = {Mediaforum},
volume = {2017},
number = {7/8},
pages = {217},
note = {<p>Opinie</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2018,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 15 oktober 2016 (Perin\c{c}ek / Zwitserland) },
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2017_451.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-05},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
volume = {2017},
number = {51},
pages = {6854-6557},
abstract = {

Uitlatingen van een Turkse politicus over de Armeense genocide (waarvan hij het bestaan ontkende) ten onrechte in Zwitserland veroordeeld.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Voorhoof2017,
title = {Boekbespreking van Egbert Dommering, Het verschil van mening. Geschiedenis van een verkeerd begrepen idee.},
author = {Voorhoof, D. and Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2017_5.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-28},
journal = {Mediaforum},
volume = {2017},
number = {5},
pages = {177-179},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2017b,
title = {De Hoge Raad en Mein Kampf: Over een veranderde maar ongewisse koers},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/De-Hoge-Raad-en-Mein-Kampf.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-16},
note = {<p>In: Verandering van Koers, H.A. Groen c.s. red., Uitgeverij Datawyse 2017, ISBN 9789462957404, p. 13-20.</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Fahy2017b,
title = {The Chilling Effect of Liability for Online Reader Comments},
author = {Fahy, R.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EHRLR_2017_4.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-08-24},
journal = {European Human Rights Law Review},
volume = {2017},
number = {4},
pages = {387-393},
abstract = {

This article assesses how the European Court of Human Rights has responded to the argument that holding online news media liable for reader comments has a chilling effect on freedom of expression. The article demonstrates how the Court first responded by dismissing the argument, and focused on the apparent lack of evidence for any such chilling effect. The article then argues that the Court has moved away from its initial rejection, and now accepts that a potential chilling effect, even without evidence, is integral to deciding whether online news media should be liable for reader comments. Finally, the article argues that this latter view is consistent with the Court’s precedent in other areas of
freedom of expression law where a similar chilling effect may also arise.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Fahy2017b,
title = {Annotatie bij Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens 21 februari 2017 (Dosamantes / Spanje)},
author = {Fahy, R.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EHRC_2017_7.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-08-24},
journal = {European Human Right Cases},
volume = {2017},
number = {7},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2017b,
title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 14 februari 2017 (Mein Kampf)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2017_259.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-18},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
volume = {2017},
number = {28},
pages = {4119-4121},
abstract = {

Verspreiding antiquarisch exemplaar Mein Kampf valt wel onder 137e 2e Sr, maar is niet strafbaar omdat de beperking in strijd komt met artikel 10 EVRM.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Borgesius2017b,
title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 24 februari 2017 (X / Google Netherlands)},
author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Kulk, S.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Computerrecht_2017_3.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-29},
journal = {Computerrecht},
volume = {2017},
number = {3},
pages = {167-169},
abstract = {

In zijn arrest laat de Hoge Raad zich uit over hoe de rechten op privacy en gegevensbescherming zich verhouden tot het recht op vrijheid van meningsuiting.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{McGonagle2017b,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 22 november 2016 (Kaos GL / Turkije)},
author = {McGonagle, T.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2017_6.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-05-30},
journal = {European Human Right Cases},
number = {6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@book{McGonagle2017b,
title = {Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights},
author = {McGonagle, T. and Voorhoof, D.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IRISThemesVolIII_2016.pdf},
isbn = {9789287184351},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-04-13},
publisher = {European Audiovisual Observatory},
abstract = {

This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. With 30,000 downloads, the first and second editions of the e-book (2013, 2015) have proved hugely successful. The new updated edition summarises over 250 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). The latest edition of the e-book is also available in French and in German.
For an optimal navigational experience, one should download the e-book and read the technical tips on p. 3.

},
note = {<p>IRIS Themes, vol III, new, updated edition, December 2016</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@article{Irion2017b,
title = {The Weeping Angels are back, and they attack our privacy via smart TVs},
author = {Irion, K. and Helberger, N.},
url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/weeping-angels-are-back-and-they-attack-our-privacy-smart-tvs/451},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-10},
note = {<p>Blogpost at Internet Policy Review: Journal of internet regulation</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Nieuwenhuis2017,
title = {Van catalogusformules en strong reasons: de ontwikkeling van de artikel 10 jurisprudentie van het EHRM van 2010 tot en met 2016 (deel I)},
author = {Nieuwenhuis, A.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2017_1.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-10},
journal = {Mediaforum},
volume = {2017},
number = {1},
pages = {2-12},
abstract = {

Deze bijdrage geeft een overzicht en analyse van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM over de afgelopen zeven jaar. Daarbij wordt eerst kort ingegaan op de reikwijdte en beperkingsvoorwaarden, waarna de behandeling een meer thematisch karakter krijgt. Zo passeren onder meer ‘persvrijheid en privacy’, ‘uitlatingen over rechtszaken’, en ‘hate speech’ de revue. In dit nummer vindt de lezer het eerste deel van de bijdrage. In \'{e}\'{e}n van de volgende nummers volgt het tweede deel.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Nieuwenhuis2017b,
title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 9 december 2016 (OM / Wilders)},
author = {Nieuwenhuis, A.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Mediaforum_2017_1.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-10},
journal = {Mediaforum},
volume = {2017},
number = {1},
pages = {34-36},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@inbook{Kulk2017,
title = {Privacy, Freedom of Expression, and the Right to Be Forgotten in Europe},
author = {Kulk, S. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},
url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2923722},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-02},
booktitle = {forthcoming in J. Polonetsky, O. Tene, E. Selinger (ed.), Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Privacy, 2017},
abstract = {

In this chapter we discuss the relation between privacy and freedom of expression in Europe. In principle, the two rights have equal weight in Europe \textendash which right prevails depends on the circumstances of a case. We use the Google Spain judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, sometimes called the ‘right to be forgotten’ judgment, to illustrate the difficulties when balancing the two rights. The court decided in Google Spain that people have, under certain conditions, the right to have search results for their name delisted. We discuss how Google and Data Protection Authorities deal with such delisting requests in practice. Delisting requests illustrate that balancing privacy and freedom of expression interests will always remain difficult.

},
note = {<p>Forthcoming in J. Polonetsky, O. Tene, E. Selinger (ed.), Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Privacy, Cambridge University Press 2017</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}

@misc{McGonagle2017b,
title = {Individual submission: Review of the [Irish] Defamation Act 2009 - Public consultation 2016},
author = {McGonagle, T.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Submission-to-Review-of-Defamation-Act-2009.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-07},
note = {<p>Public consultation organised by the Irish Government, Department of Justice and Equality, 17 January 2017, 11 pp. </p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{Borgesius2017,
title = {Het 'right to be forgotten' en bijzondere persoonsgegevens},
author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Computerrecht_2016_4.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-02-03},
journal = {Computerrecht},
number = {4},
pages = {220-225},
abstract = {

Een advocaat heeft een ‘right to be forgotten’-verzoek gedaan bij Google, met betrekking tot een blogpost
over een strafrechtelijke veroordeling van de advocaat in het buitenland. De Rechtbank Rotterdam heeft beslist dat Google niet meer naar de blogpost mag verwijzen als mensen zoeken op de naam van de advocaat. De rechtbank wees het verwijderingsverzoek toe omdat de blogpost een strafrechtelijke veroordeling betreft: een bijzonder persoonsgegeven. De redenering van de rechtbank over bijzondere persoonsgegevens leidt tot problemen voor de vrijheid van meningsuiting. Deze bijdrage verkent hoe die problemen verkleind kunnen worden.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{McGonagle2017,
title = {Annotatie bij Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens 8 november 2016 (Magyar Helsinki Bizotts\'{a}g)},
author = {McGonagle, T.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2017_2.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-26},
journal = {European Human Right Cases},
number = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Fahy2017,
title = {Annotatie bij Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens 20 september 2016 (Van Beukering & Het Parool / Nederland)},
author = {Fahy, R. and Beer, K.E.A. de},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EHRC_2017_1.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-24},
journal = {European Human Right Cases},
number = {1},
abstract = {

De zaak Van Beukering en Het Parool B.V. t. Nederland betreft de publicatie van een portret zonder toestemming van de geportretteerde. Het Parool had een artikel geplaatst over het strafproces inzake een rapper die werd verdacht van het plegen van een aantal misdrijven. Bij het artikel had Parool een foto geplaatst van de rapper. De foto was afkomstig uit een documentaire over de rapper “R.P.,” waar hij een aantal jaar eerder aan had meegewerkt. De documentaire werd in het artikel uitvoerig besproken. De documentaire stond op het moment van publicatie nog online. Het gaat in deze zaak om de vraag of Het Parool onrechtmatig heeft gehandeld door de foto van de rapper te publiceren. Het EHRM overweegt dat een afweging moet worden gemaakt tussen twee fundamentele rechten: het recht op eerbiediging van priv\'{e}leven (art. 8 EVRM) van de rapper en het recht op vrijheid van meningsuiting (art. 10 EVRM) van Het Parool. Het Hof stelt vast dat de Hoge Raad geen onredelijke conclusie heeft getrokken door in dit geval art. 8 EVRM te laten prevaleren. Het Hof verklaart het verzoekschrift van Van Beukering en Het Parool niet-ontvankelijk.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{vanEechoud2017b,
title = {A publisher's intellectual property right: Implications for freedom of expression, authors and open content policies},
author = {van Eechoud, M.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/OFE_Implications_of_publishers_right.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-19},
note = {Study conducted on commission from OpenForum Europe, January 2017},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{Dommering2016b,
title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 13 oktober 2015 },
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2016_469.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-08},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {48},
pages = {p. 6223},
abstract = {

Journalist mag een identiteitsbewijs alleen in het kader van de nieuwsgaring vervalsen als er objectief gezien geen legaal middel voor handen is en het nieuwsgaringsbelang heel hoog is.

},
note = {nr. 469},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Breemen2016b,
title = {Kroniek Mediarecht},
author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V.},
issn = {2212-5205-3},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-01},
journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi},
volume = {141},
pages = {8222-8224},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2016b,
title = {Annotatie bij Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens 16 juni 2015 (Delfi AS / Estland)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2016_457.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-29},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {47},
pages = {6102-6108},
abstract = {

Privacy en vrijheid van meningsuiting. Civielrechtelijke veroordeling exploitant nieuwswebsite vanwege beledigende reacties op webforum nieuwszenderuitlatingen door lezers. Geen schending vrijheid van meningsuiting.

},
note = {nr. 457},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@book{McGonagle2016,
title = {Freedom of expression and defamation: A study of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights},
author = {McGonagle, T. },
url = {https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016806ac95b},
isbn = {9789287182500},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-10-04},
publisher = {Council of Europe},
abstract = {

Freedom of expression is a fundamental freedom, one of the cornerstones of democracy in Europe, enshrined in various key texts, including the European Convention on Human Rights. But the boundaries between freedom to criticise and damaging a person’s honour or reputation are not always very clear. By defining public insults and defamation, the law can set limits on freedom of expression, which is neither absolute nor boundless. But how far can it go?
This study examines the details of the European Court of Human Right’s case law on defamation. It explores a range of substantive and procedural issues that the Court has considered, and clarifies the concept of defamation, positioning it in relation to freedom of expression and public debate. It explains how overly protective defamation laws can have a chilling effect on freedom of expression and public debate, and discusses the proportionality of defamation laws and their application.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@article{vanEechoud2016,
title = {International copyright reform in support of open legal information (working paper draft, Sep. 2016)},
author = {van Eechoud, M. and Guibault, L. },
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/OpendataCopyrightReform_ODRSdraft-WP_sep16.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-30},
abstract = {

This paper analyzes the status of legal information under international and national copyright laws. It argues that the current uncertainties with respect to the copyright status of primary legal materials (legislation, court decisions) and secondary legal materials such as parliamentary records and other official texts relevant to the interpretation of law, constitute a barrier to access and use. The time has come for reform of the international copyright system in WIPO. International law should recognize explicitly that primary and secondary legal materials are public domain and thus not subject to copyright or related rights. This will bring outdated copyright norms across the world up to date with current developments: the trend towards universal recognition of the right to access government information as part of human rights, the UN’s sustainable development goals with respect to access to law, and the rapid growth of open government policies worldwide, supported by the Open Government Partnership (OGP).

},
note = {<p>Paper for Open Data Research Symposium Madrid 2016 </p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2016b,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 21 oktober 2014 (Vural / Turkije)},
author = {Dommering, E. },
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2016_336.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-13},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {36},
pages = {4465-4471},
abstract = {Vrijheid van meningsuiting. Veroordeling tot ruim 13 jaar gevangenisstraf en ontneming kiesrecht
wegens belediging nagedachtenis Atat\"{u}rk door standbeelden met verf te besmeuren. Proportionaliteit.
Schending art. 10 EVRM en art. 3 Eerste Protocol. },
note = {nr. 336},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@book{Dommering2016,
title = {Het verschil van mening, geschiedenis van een verkeerd begrepen idee},
author = {Dommering, E. },
url = {http://uitgeverijprometheus.nl/catalogus/het-verschil-van-mening.html},
isbn = {9789035142619},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-06},
pages = {688 pp},
publisher = {Uitgeverij Prometheus},
abstract = {Vrijheid is een oud begrip dat staat voor het zich losmaken van groepen en individuen uit de macht van een ander. Die vrijheid werd gesymboliseerd door de zogenoemde vrijheidshoed, want in het Romeinse Rijk mocht een vrijgemaakte slaaf een hoofddeksel gaan dragen. In Europa krijgt vrijheid als eerste gestalte in de godsdienstvrijheid en het eigendomsrecht. Het geloof wordt losgemaakt van het gezag van de kerkelijke autoriteit. De eigendom is niet langer een privilege toegekend door een vorst, maar iets wat je verwerft door inbezitneming of door eigen inspanning. De vrijheid van denken en spreken bepaalt hoe wij over de samenleving en de natuur denken. Het publieke debat en het democratische besluit vervangen het door God gegeven politieke gezag. Het onderzoek naar de natuur komt in de plaats van een godsdienstig wereldbeeld. Deze vrijheden hebben de Europese democratie gemaakt tot wat zij nu is.
Het verschil van mening geeft een idee\"{e}ngeschiedenis van deze vrijheden, waarbij de vrijheid van meningsuiting centraal staat. Het boek trekt de lijn door naar het heden en de rol van internet, dat alle kennis in de wereld toegankelijk maakt, maar onder zijn eigen toegankelijkheid lijkt te bezwijken. De burgers die hun vrijheden op internet uitoefenen, hebben er een elektronische politieman bij gekregen die permanent over hun schouder meekijkt.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 2 februari 2016 (MTE en Index.hu / Hongarije)},
author = {T. McGonagle},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1814},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-15},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases},
number = {7},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 19 januari 2016 (Kalda / Estland)},
author = {van der Sloot, B.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1810},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-14},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases},
number = {6},
abstract = {

De zaak Kalda t. Estland betreft het recht op gedeeltelijke toegang tot het internet van een levenslang gestrafte gevangene. Het gaat hierbij met name om een drietal websites die toegang bieden tot wetgeving, juridische informatie en uitspraken (en vertalingen daarvan) van rechterlijke instanties. Het EHRM stelt in deze zaak dat een dergelijk recht inderdaad wordt beschermd door art. 10 EVRM. Alhoewel de beperking van dit recht in casu is voorgeschreven bij wet en een legitiem doel dient, acht het Hof deze niet noodzakelijk in een democratische samenleving.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 9 maart 2016 (strafzaak verbod op groepsbelediging)},
author = {A.J. Nieuwenhuis},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1785},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-09},
journal = {Mediaforum},
number = {3},
pages = {81-84.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{Breemen2016b,
title = {Kroniek Mediarecht},
author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V. },
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/kwartaalsignaal-139-mediarecht.pdf},
issn = {2212-5205-3},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-01},
journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi},
volume = {139},
pages = {8075-8077},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Het meningloze tijdperk},
author = {E.J. Dommering},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1737.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-01},
abstract = {

Bijdrage over de vrijheid van meningsuiting in het populistische tijdperk.

},
note = {

Verschenen in: Zonder tegenspraak, nr. 30, E. Lievens (red.), feestbundel Dirk Voorhoof, Brugge: die Keure Professional Publishing 2016, p. 74-79.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 20 oktober 2015 (Pentik\"{a}inen / Finland)},
author = {T. McGonagle},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1730.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-25},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases},
number = {3},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@periodical{,
title = {Zo'n huisbezoek is niet zo onschuldig als het lijkt},
author = {A.W. Hins},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1732.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-02-25},
note = {

Opinie in NRC Handelsblad van 23 januari 2016.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {periodical}
}

@article{,
title = {Welcome to the Jungle: the Liability of Internet Intermediaries for Privacy Violations in Europe},
author = {van der Sloot, B.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1720.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-19},
journal = {JIPITEC},
number = {3},
pages = {211-228.},
abstract = {

In Europe, roughly three regimes apply to the liability of Internet intermediaries for privacy violations conducted by users through their network. These are: the e-Commerce Directive, which, under certain conditions, excludes them from liability; the Data Protection Directive, which imposes a number of duties and responsibilities on providers processing personal data; and the freedom of expression, contained inter alia in the ECHR, which, under certain conditions, grants Internet providers several privileges and freedoms. Each doctrine has its own field of application, but they also have partial overlap. In practice, this creates legal inequality and uncertainty, especially with regard to providers that host online platforms and process User Generated Content.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {De geschonden majesteit},
author = {A.J. Nieuwenhuis},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1716.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-15},
journal = {Ars Aequi},
number = {1},
pages = {21-24.},
abstract = {

Sinds 1830 is in Nederland de majesteitsschennis strafbaar; met enige regelmaat vinden er ook vervolgingen plaats. Hieronder wordt de vraag gesteld of een dergelijk delict in een moderne democratie wel bestaansrecht heeft. De vraag wordt beantwoord door aandacht te besteden aan de rechtsgoederen die een verbod van belediging kan beschermen, aan de verhouding tussen vrijheid van meningsuiting en democratie, aan de onschendbaarheid van de koning, en aan de ontwikkeling van het positieve recht.

},
note = {

Opinie

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{,
title = {Freedom of expression: still a precondition for democracy?},
author = {T. McGonagle},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1707.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-14},
note = {

Conference Report, Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2015, 24 pp.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@techreport{,
title = {Comparative study of best European practices of online content regulation: Law and policy of online content regulation, in particular defamation online, in the light of Albanian legislative proposals},
author = {P. Cavaliere and D. Pavli and K. Irion},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1683.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-10},
note = {

Study commissioned by the Council of Europe, Amsterdam/Edinburgh/Tirana, August 2015.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@book{,
title = {Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights},
author = {T. McGonagle},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1644.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-23},
pages = {409},
publisher = {European Audiovisual Observatory},
address = {Strasbourg},
series = {IRIS Themes},
abstract = {

This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first edition of the e-book (2013) proved hugely successful, with 18,671 downloads in 2014 alone. The new updated edition summarises over 240 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). The e-book is also available in French.

For an optimal navigational experience, one should download the e-book and read the technical tips on p. 3.

},
note = {

New, updated version.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@inbook{McGonagle2015,
title = {Positive obligations concerning freedom of expression: mere potential or real power?},
author = {McGonagle, T.},
url = {https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=0900001680706afe},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-23},
pages = {9-35.},
abstract = {

This chapter examines how the European Court of Human Rights has identified and developed a range of positive State obligations to secure the right to freedom of expression.  It first briefly examines the theoretical and normative bases for the positive obligations doctrine and then traces its hesitant development in the case-law of the Court. Next, it shows how the Court has slowly become more comfortable with the doctrine and more confident when applying it to cases involving freedom of expression, culminating in its \emph{Dink v. Turkey} judgment. The driving argument of the chapter is that the positive obligations doctrine has enormous potential for strengthening the right to freedom of expression and that the Court must now tease out its implications in concrete cases in a very scrupulous way, if the doctrine’s full potential is to be realised.

},
note = {<p>Chapter in: Journalism at risk: Threats, challenges and perspectives, O. Andreotti (ed.), Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing 2015, p. 9-35.</p>},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}

@misc{,
title = {Freedom of expression: new opportunities and challenges},
author = {T. McGonagle},
url = {http://play.webvideocore.net/popplayer.php?it=55i5kw2syio0&is_link=1&w=720&h=405&pause=1&title=1502002+-+Tarlach+McGonagle+Interview+-+ENG&skin=3&repeat=&brandNW=1&start_volume=100&bg_gradient1=&bg_gradient2=&fullscreen=&fs_mode=0&skinAlpha=80&colorBase=%},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-09},
abstract = {

This is one of seven videos about different aspects of the right to freedom of expression: hate speech, protection of sources, defamation, access to information, terrorism, Internet freedom and new opportunities and challenges for freedom of expression. The videos were produced  by the Council of Europe and they take the form of interviews with leading experts in the field, including three sitting judges of the European Court of Human Rights, a former Vice-President of the Court and the Council of Europe Human Rights Commissioner.

},
note = {

Video series produced by the Council of Europe, The Hows and Whys: Freedom of Expression, a Human Right, October 2015.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{,
title = {Freedom of Expression and 'Right to Be Forgotten' Cases in the Netherlands after Google Spain},
author = {F.J. Zuiderveen Borgesius},
url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2652171},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-17},
journal = {European Data Protection Law Review},
number = {2},
pages = {113-125.},
abstract = {

Since the Google Spain judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, Europeans have, under certain conditions, the right to have search results for their name delisted. This paper examines how the Google Spain judgment has been applied in the Netherlands. Since the Google Spain judgment, Dutch courts have decided on two cases regarding delisting requests. In both cases, the Dutch courts considered freedom of expression aspects of delisting more thoroughly than the Court of Justice. However, the effect of the Google Spain judgment on freedom of expression is difficult to assess, as search engine operators decide about most delisting requests without disclosing much about their decisions.

},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens 16 juni 2015 (Delfi AS / Estland)},
author = {van der Sloot, B.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1622.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-11},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases},
number = {9},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@inbook{McGonagle2015,
title = {The development of freedom of expression and information within the UN: leaps and bounds or fits and starts?},
author = {McGonagle, T.},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-05},
abstract = {

This chapter tells the story of how the rights to freedom of expression and information have been shaped by the United Nations’ (UN) institutional dynamics over the years. It gives an account of how the growth of the rights to freedom of expression and information has been both stimulated and stymied by different factors in the particular institutional context of the UN. It traces the broad contours of the two rights by connecting the largest conceptual, normative, historical and institutional dots.

The chapter opens with a brief exploration of the contiguous nature of the rights to freedom of expression and information. This necessarily involves reflection on the instrumental role that the media and new communications technologies can play in the realization of both rights in practice. The remainder of the chapter has an overtly institutional focus. Its next three substantive sections correspond to three broad \textendash roughly chronological, but occasionally overlapping - phases in the development of freedom of expression and information at the UN. Each period is denoted by its key features or aspirations: trail-blazing, consolidation and expansion, and the quest for coherence and consistency. Various thematic challenges have presented themselves during these periods, a number of which are woven into the chapter’s narrative. Finally, after offering some substantive conclusions, the chapter will explain the objectives and structure of the book as a whole.

},
note = {<p>
In: <a href="http://www.cambridge.org/nl/academic/subjects/law/un-and-international-organisations/united-nations-and-freedom-expression-and-information-critical-perspectives?format=HB" target="_blank">The United Nations and Freedom of Expression and Information: Critical Perspectives</a>, T. McGonagle & Y. Donders (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2015, pp. 1-51.</p>
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}