{"id":26498,"date":"2024-02-20T13:39:27","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T13:39:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ivir.nl\/projects\/comenius\/new-technologies-regulatory-approaches\/reading-list\/"},"modified":"2025-02-25T12:02:13","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T12:02:13","slug":"reading-list","status":"publish","type":"vo_project","link":"https:\/\/www.ivir.nl\/nl\/projecten\/comenius\/new-technologies-regulatory-approaches\/reading-list\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading list"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Relevant resources on media convergence, the use of AI in journalism,&nbsp;and regulatory approaches to changing media&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Regulation<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>European Union<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consolidated text of Directive 2010\/13\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and amending Directive 2018\/1808 (<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:02010L0013-20181218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Audiovisual Media Services Directive<\/a>).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Commission, Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common framework for media services in the internal market (<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=COM%3A2022%3A0457%3AFIN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European Media Freedom Act<\/a>) and amending Directive 2010\/13\/EU, COM\/2022\/457 final.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Case-law&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>European Court of Human Rights<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-196418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Szurovecz v. Hungary<\/em><\/a>, no. 15428\/16, 8 October 2019.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-122365%22]}\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>W\u0119grzynowski and Smolczewski v. Poland<\/em><\/a>, no. 33846\/07, 16 July 2013.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-119244\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Animal Defenders International v. the United Kingdom<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>[GC], no. 48876\/08, 22 April 2013.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-115705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Ahmet Yildirim v. Turkey<\/em><\/a>, no. 3111\/10, 18 December 2012.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-104685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Editorial Board of Pravoye Delo and Shtekel v. Ukraine<\/em><\/a>, no. 33014\/05, 5 May 2011.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-91706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Times Newspapers LTD v. the United Kingdom (nos. 1 and 2)<\/em><\/a>, nos. 3002\/03 and 23676\/03, 10 March 2009.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-83870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Stoll v. Switzerland<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>[GC], no. 69698\/0, 10 December 2007.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-75174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Dammann v. Switzerland<\/em><\/a>, no. 77551\/01, 25 April 2006.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-58906\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Fressoz and Roire v. France<\/em><\/a>, no. 29183\/95, 21 January 1999.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-57974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Goodwin v. the United Kingdom<\/em><\/a>, no. 17488\/90, 27 March 1996.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-57891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Jersild v. Denmark<\/em><\/a>, no, 15890\/89, 23 September 1994.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hudoc.echr.coe.int\/eng?i=001-57854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Informationsverein Lentia and Others v. Austria<\/em><\/a>, nos. 13914\/88; 15041\/89; 15779\/89; 17207\/90, 24 November 1993.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Policy instruments<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.coe.int\/cm\/Pages\/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=0900001680a61729\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Recommendation<\/a> CM\/Rec(2022)13 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the impacts of digital technologies and on freedom of expression.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.coe.int\/cm\/pages\/result_details.aspx?objectid=0900001680a5ddd0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Recommendation<\/a> CM\/Rec(2022)4 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on promoting a favourable environment for quality journalism in the digital age.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/1680790e14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Recommendation<\/a> CM\/Rec(2018)2 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the roles and responsibilities of internet intermediaries.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.coe.int\/cm\/Pages\/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=09000016806415fa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Recommendation<\/a> CM\/Rec(2016)5 of the Committee of Ministers to member Sates on Internet Freedom, 13 April 2016.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/edoc.coe.int\/en\/module\/ec_addformat\/download?cle=08b2dbdc9ca941d237893bd425af8bfa&amp;k=3fd3c666b610d5069db7d7265ed64e1f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Recommendation<\/a> CM\/Rec(2011)7 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on a new notion of media, 21 September 2011.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>European Commission (EU)<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0231&amp;from=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Green Paper<\/a>: Preparing for a Fully Converged Audiovisual World: Growth, Creation and Values, COM(2013) 231 final.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Other<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/coeminaimedia-resolution-on-digital-technologies-en\/1680a2dc90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Resolution<\/a> adopted at the Conference of Ministers responsible for Media and Information Society on freedom of expression and digital technologies (organised by the Council of Europe), 11 June 2021.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Literature and commentary<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D. Buijs, <a href=\"https:\/\/dsa-observatory.eu\/2022\/09\/29\/digital-services-act-implications-for-news-media-journalistic-content-part-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018The Digital Services Act and the implications for news media and journalistic content (Part 1)\u2019<\/a>, DSA Observatory, 29 September 2022 [AI, content moderation and journalism].<sup><a href=\"#1\">1<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Federation of Journalists (EFJ), <a href=\"https:\/\/europeanjournalists.org\/blog\/2021\/12\/03\/eu-digital-service-act-european-citizens-need-a-stronger-dsa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018EU Digital Services Act: journalistic content must be protected from interference by online platforms\u2019<\/a>, 3 December 2021 [AI, content moderation and journalism].<sup><a href=\"#2\">2<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Federation of Journalists (EFJ), <a href=\"https:\/\/europeanjournalists.org\/blog\/2021\/05\/17\/conference-on-ai-and-the-future-of-journalism-how-to-tackle-challenges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018How to respond to the challenges of artificial intelligence in the newsroom?\u2019<\/a>, 17 May 2021.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B. Franklin, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/1461670X.2014.930254?needAccess=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018The future of journalism in an age of digital media and economic uncertainty\u2019<\/a>, <em>Journalism Studies, <\/em>15:5, pp. 481-499.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N. Helberger e.a., <a href=\"https:\/\/policyreview.info\/articles\/news\/regulation-news-recommenders-digital-services-act-empowering-david-against-very-large\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018Regulation of news recommenders in the Digital Services Act: empowering David against the Very Large Online Goliath\u2019<\/a>, <em>Internet Policy Review<\/em> 26 February 2021.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N. Helberger e.a., <a href=\"https:\/\/pure.uva.nl\/ws\/files\/45532605\/AI_and_Freedom_of_Expression.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Implications of AI-driven tools in the media for freedom of expression<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>2019 (Background Paper Council of Europe Conference of Ministers responsible for Media &amp; Information Society).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P. Humphreys and S. Simpson, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-elgar.com\/shop\/gbp\/regulation-governance-and-convergence-in-the-media-9781781008980.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Regulation, Governance and Convergence in the Media<\/em><\/a>, 2018, Edward Elgar: Northampton, MA. [Restricted access]&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K. Jakubowicz, <a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/media-revolution-in-europe-web-16x24\/1680984bb6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cA New Notion of Media\u201d<\/a>, Keynote speech at the 1<sup>st<\/sup> Council of Europe Conference of Ministers Responsible for Media and New Communications Services, Reykjavik, 28-29 May 2009, in: K. Jakubowicz, <em>Media revolution Europe: ahead of the curve, <\/em>Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2011, pp. 15-9.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K. Jakubowicz, <a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/168048622d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>A new notion of media?: Media and media-like content and activities on new communications services<\/em><\/a>, Strasbourg: Council of Europe, April 2009.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A. Lugmayr and C. Dal Zotto (eds.), <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-54484-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Media Convergence Handbook \u2013 Vol. 1: Journalism, Broadcasting, and Social Media Aspects of Convergence<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>2016, Springer: New York.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A. Lugmayr and C. Dal Zotto (eds.), <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-642-54487-3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Media Convergence Handbook \u2013 Vol. 2: Firms and User Perspectives<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>2016, Springer: New York.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T. McGonagle, <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl\/handle\/1887\/3142270\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018Free Expression and Internet Intermediaries: The Changing Geometry of European Regulation\u2019<\/a>, in: G. Frosio (ed.) <em>Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability, <\/em>Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J. O\u2019Sullivan and L. Fortunati, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/9783110740202\/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018Media Convergence: Expanding Perspectives Beyond the Digital\u2019<\/a>, in: G. Balbi e.a., <em>Digital Roots: Historicizing Media and Communication Concepts of the Digital Age<\/em>, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2021, pp. 41-58.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E. Siapera, <a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices\/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=0900001680706afe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018Journalism\u2019s dilemma: Internet challenges for professional journalism and media sustainability\u2019<\/a>, in: O. Andreotti (ed.), <em>Journalism at risk: Threats, challenges and perspectives<\/em>, Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2015, pp. 223-259.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E. Siapera, Understanding New Media (2nd Edition), London: SAGE Publications &nbsp;<br>Ltd., 2018 [restricted access].&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N. Thurman, S. C. Lewis and J. Kunert, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/21670811.2019.1685395?needAccess=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018Algorithms, Automation, and News\u2019<\/a>, <em>Digital Journalism<\/em>, 2019, Vol. 7, No. 8, pp. 980-992.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J. Van Dijck, T. Poell and M. De Waal, <a href=\"https:\/\/lib.uva.nl\/discovery\/fulldisplay?docid=alma990037770210205131&amp;context=L&amp;vid=31UKB_UAM1_INST:UVA&amp;lang=en&amp;search_scope=DN_and_CI_and_PURE&amp;adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&amp;tab=everything&amp;query=any,contains,the%20platform%20society&amp;offset=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Platform<\/em> <em>Society<\/em>: <em>Public Values in a Connective World<\/em><\/a>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018 [often available via institutional access].&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. van Drunen, <a href=\"https:\/\/policyreview.info\/pdf\/policyreview-2021-3-1569.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018Editorial independence in an automated media system\u2019<\/a>, <em>Internet Policy Review<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(3).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. van Drunen and D. Fechner, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ivir.nl\/publicaties\/download\/DigitalJournalism_2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2018Safeguarding Editorial Independence in an Automated Media System: The Relationship Between Law and Journalistic Perspectives\u2019<\/a>, <em>Digital Journalism<\/em>, 2022, Vol. 10, No. 5.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Studies and reports<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C. Beckett e.a., <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/polis\/2019\/11\/18\/new-powers-new-responsibilities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>New powers, new responsibilities: A global survey of journalism and artificial intelligence<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>London: LSE 2019.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R. Kleis Nielsen, A. Cornia and A. Kalogeropoulos (eds.) (Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism), <a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices\/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016806c0385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Challenges and opportunities for news media and journalism in an increasingly digital, mobile and social media environment<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2016.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OSCE Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osce.org\/files\/f\/documents\/8\/f\/510332.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Spotlight on Artificial Intelligence and Freedom of Expression: A Policy Manual<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>Vienna: OSCE RFOM, 2021 [AI, content moderation and freedom of expression\/journalism].<sup><a href=\"#3\">3<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Other materials and resources<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Karol Jakubowicz, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xribiLGmYLI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A New Notion of Media<\/a> .&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Audiovisual Observatory<a href=\"https:\/\/merlin.obs.coe.int\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">, IRIS Merlin Database<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Council of Europe \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/artificial-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Portal Artificial Intelligence<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LSE Department of Media and Communications, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/media-and-communications\/polis\/JournalismAI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JournalismAI<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hbaIQhcXU2I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Opening Session<\/a> of the High-Level Conference under the Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union, titled \u201cArtificial Intelligence and the Future of Journalism \u2013 Will AI take hold of the Fourth Estate?\u201d, 11-12 May 2021 .&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bTa7OA4k19E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Session 5<\/a> of the High-Level Conference under the Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union, titled \u201cArtificial Intelligence and the Future of Journalism \u2013 Will AI take hold of the Fourth Estate?\u201d,&nbsp; 11-12 May 2021 .&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/techreg.org\/index.php\/techreg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Technology &amp; Regulation<\/a> [journal]&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><a name=\"1\">1.<\/a> As noted in the introduction to this knowledge package, the use of AI for automated content moderation on online platforms and its effects on journalism is not specifically addressed in this package, but is certainly worth exploring further.<br><a name=\"2\">2.<\/a> Ibid.<br><a name=\"3\">3.<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"parent":26496,"menu_order":5,"template":"","project_types":[],"class_list":["post-26498","vo_project","type-vo_project","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Reading list - IVIR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivir.nl\/nl\/projecten\/comenius\/new-technologies-regulatory-approaches\/reading-list\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reading list - IVIR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Relevant resources on media convergence, the use of AI in journalism,&nbsp;and regulatory approaches to changing media&nbsp; Regulation&nbsp; European Union&nbsp; Case-law&nbsp;&nbsp; European Court of Human Rights&nbsp; Policy instruments&nbsp; Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe&nbsp; European Commission (EU)&nbsp; Other&nbsp; Literature and commentary&nbsp; Studies and reports&nbsp; Other materials and resources&nbsp; 1. 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