@article{Sax2022,

title = {Algorithmic News Diversity and Democratic Theory: Adding Agonism to the Mix},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-14},

urldate = {2022-09-14},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {The role news recommenders can play in stimulating news diversity is receiving increasing amounts of attention. Democratic theory plays an important role in this debate because it helps explain why news diversity is important and which kinds of news diversity should be pursued. In this article, I observe that the current literature on news recommenders and news diversity largely draws on a narrow set of theories of liberal and deliberative democracy. Another strand of democratic theory often referred to as ‘agonism’ is often ignored. This, I argue, is a mistake. Liberal and deliberative theories of democracy focus on the question of how political disagreements and conflicts can be resolved in a rational and legitimate manner. Agonism, to the contrary, stresses the ineradicability of conflict and the need to make conflict productive. This difference in thinking about the purpose of democratic politics can also lead to new ways of thinking about the value of news diversity and role algorithmic news recommenders should play in promoting it. The overall aim of the article is (re)introduce agonistic theory to the news recommender context and to argue that agonism deserves more serious attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Staatspropaganda en uitingsvrijheid},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/opinie_mediaforum_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-25},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {34},

issue = {2},

pages = {45},

abstract = {Op 10 januari 2022 is de Europese Commissie een openbare raadpleging gestart inzake een nieuwe verordening op basis van art. 114 VWEU, genaamd ‘Europese wet inzake mediavrijheid. ’ Deze opinie bepleit om in de te toekomstige verordening vast te leggen dat publieke mediadiensten binnen de EU onafhankelijk moeten functioneren van de politieke macht. Het aanleggen van dezelfde criteria voor het doorgeven van programma’s die elders zijn uitgezonden is echter onevenredig.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Safeguarding Editorial Independence in an Automated Media System: The Relationship Between Law and Journalistic Perspectives},

author = {Drunen, M. van and Fechner, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digitaljournalism_2022/},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2108868},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-16},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {This article explores the relationship between legal and journalistic perspectives on the way editorial independence can be safeguarded in the context of automation. It aims to bridge two discussions. First, the journalism studies literature that has explored how automation challenges the way editors and journalists fulfil their role in newsrooms and society. Second, the legal discussion that is revisiting how the conditions for editorial independence can be created in a media system where automation is increasingly important. To do so, this article contrasts a normative framework that outlines the functions of editorial independence in European media law with interviews with editors and journalists involved in data journalism and news personalisation. It finds excellent potential for a complementary relationship between legal and journalistic perspectives on editorial independence. However, the challenges posed by automation fall outside the mechanisms through which this relationship has traditionally been operationalised.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2021},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/mediaforum_2022_3/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-14},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {3},

pages = {74-77},

abstract = {De persvrijheid staat wereldwijd onder druk. Ook in Nederland is sprake van een neerwaartse trend. Nederland daalde voor het derde jaar op rij een plekje op de jaarlijkse ranglijst van landen met de meeste persvrijheid. Nederland zakte in 2021 af naar de zesde plaats, en in 2022 duikelde Nederland zelfs naar de 28ste plaats. Er is kritiek op de gebrekkige wijze waarop overheidsinformatie wordt gedeeld, en de veiligheid van journalisten is een belangrijk aandachtspunt. De Europese Commissie rapporteert jaarlijks over de rechtsstaat in Nederland, en noemde in 2021 als aandachtspunten: toegang tot overheidsinformatie, bedreigingen van journalisten, en het openbaar maken van eigendomsstructuren van media. Dit laatste punt wordt ook door het Commissariaat voor de Media in de jaarlijkse Monitor voor de pluriformiteit van de media benoemd, in het licht van de trend van toenemende mediaconcentratie.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Grondrechten voor de vijand},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.montesquieu-instituut.nl/id/vlrjjfj3ptw8/nieuws/grondrechthttps://www.ivir.nl/hofvijver-28-maart-2022-opinie-grondrechten-voor-de-vijand/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {12},

issue = {129},

abstract = {Op 1 maart 2022 besloot de Raad van de Europese Unie tot een algemeen verbod op het doorgeven van de Russische propagandazenders RT (Russia Today) en Sputnik. In deze opinie wordt het standpunt ingenomen dat desinformatie moet worden bestreden, maar dat het middel van censuur erger is dan de kwaal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 7 december 2021 (Standard Verlagsgesellschaft / Oostenrijk)},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_jbp_2022_1/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-15},

journal = {Jurisprudentie Bescherming Persoonsgegevens},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {19-23},

abstract = {Standard Verlagsgesellschaft geeft in Oostenrijk een dagblad uit, dat ook online wordt gepubliceerd. Onder de redactionele artikelen kunnen geregistreerde lezers hun eigen commentaar plaatsen, desgewenst onder een schuilnaam. In de casus hadden drie lezers onder schuilnaam scherpe afkeuring uitgesproken over het gedrag van twee politici. Bij de nationale rechter vorderden de twee politici afgifte van de namen, adressen en woonplaatsen van de auteurs. De Oostenrijkse rechter wees de eis toe, maar het EHRM oordeelt anders. Weliswaar is het recht op bronbescherming niet van toepassing, maar de persvrijheid krachtens artikel 10 EVRM is toch geschonden.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Editorial independence in an automated media system},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/editorial-independence-automated-media-system},

doi = {10.14763/2021.3.1569},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-13},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

abstract = {The media has increasingly grown to rely on automated decision-making to produce and distribute news. This trend challenges our understanding of editorial independence by transforming the role of human editorial judgment and creating new dependencies on external software and data providers, engineers, and platforms. Recent policy initiatives such as the EU’s Media Action Plan and Digital Services Act are now beginning to revisit the way law can enable the media to act independently in the context of new technological tools and actors. Fully understanding and addressing the challenges automation poses to editorial independence, however, first requires better normative insight into the functions editorial independence performs in European media policy. This article provides a normative framework of editorial independence’s functions in European media policy and uses it to explore the new challenges posed by the automation of editorial decision-making.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bastian2021,

title = {Safeguarding the Journalistic DNA: Attitudes towards the Role of Professional Values in Algorithmic News Recommender Designs},

author = {Bastian, M. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-29},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {In contrast to the extensive debate on the influence of algorithmic news recommenders (ANRs) on individual news diets, the interaction between such systems and journalistic norms and missions remain under-studied. The change in the relationship between journalists and the audience caused by the transition to personalized news delivery has profound consequences for the understanding of what journalism should be. To investigate how media practitioners perceive the impact of ANRs on their professional norms and media organizations’ missions, and how these norms and missions can be integrated into ANR design, this article looks at two quality newspapers from the Netherlands and Switzerland. Using an interview-based approach conducted with practitioners in different departments (e.g. journalists, data scientists, and product managers), it explores how ANRs interact with organization-centred and audience-centred journalistic values. The paper’s findings indicate a varying degree of prominence for specific values between individual practitioners in the context of their perception of ANRs. At the same time, the paper also reveals that some organization-centred (e.g. transparency) and most audience-centred (e.g. usability) values are viewed as prerequisites for successful ANR design by practitioners with different professional backgrounds.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Seipp2021,

title = {News media’s dependency on big tech: should we be worried?},

author = {Seipp, T.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/news-medias-dependency-big-tech-should-we-be-worried/1562},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Voorhoof2021,

title = {Freedom of expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the Euopean Court of Human Rights},

author = {Voorhoof, D. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-themes-vol-iii-2020-edition-en-28-april-2021-/1680a24eee},

isbn = {9789287184351},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-06},

abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first four editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2020) have proved hugely successful. The new sixth edition summarises over 339 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). },

note = {IRIS Themes, vol. III, 6th edition, April 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Volgenant2021,

title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2020},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Persvrijheidsmonitor-2020.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-03},

abstract = {Op maandag 3 mei wordt de Internationale Dag van de Persvrijheid gehouden. Op deze dag wordt de jaarlijkse Persvrijheidsmonitor gepresenteerd met een overzicht van de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van de persvrijheid in Nederland.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanEechoud2021,

title = {Nieuws in de platformeconomie},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.montesquieu-instituut.nl/id/vlhef5g0pisa/nieuws/nieuws_in_de_platformeconomie},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-29},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {11},

number = {118},

abstract = {De media stond de afgelopen weken bol van het nieuws dat Google en Facebook op grond van een nieuwe Australische wet moeten gaan betalen voor het gebruik van ‘news content’. In de EU hebben we al een paar jaar zo’n wet, in de vorm van een richtlijn (2019/790) die inmiddels in de Wet op de naburige rechten is ge\"{i}mplementeerd. Deze zomer treed de herziene wet in werking en hebben uitgevers van perspublicaties aan het auteursrecht vergelijkbare exclusieve rechten ten aanzien van het online (commercieel) gebruik van hun digitale uitgaven. Net als in Australi\"{e} gebeurde, ging de totstandkoming van de Europese wet gepaard met groot retorisch geweld van zowel de kant van traditionele media als van platformen. Digitale platforms zouden advertentie-inkomsten stelen van kranten en rijk worden over de rug van traditionele media. Persuitgevers zouden voorstander zijn van een de-facto belasting op hyperlinks, gebrek aan innovatiekracht tonen en miskennen hoezeer sociale media en zoekmachines hun bereik exponentieel vergroten, en dat gratis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dommering2021b,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 8 oktober 2019 (Szurovecz / Hongarije)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_13.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-11},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

volume = {2021},

number = {4},

pages = {230-231},

abstract = {Deze zaak gaat over de vrijheid van nieuwsgaring. Een journalist kreeg geen toegang tot vreemdelingencentra in Hongarije. Het EHRM achtte dat in de gegeven omstandigheden in strijd met artikel 10 EVRM. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2021b,

title = {Regulation of news recommenders in the Digital Services Act: empowering David against the Very Large Online Goliath},

author = {Helberger, N. and Drunen, M. van and Vrijenhoek, S. and M\"{o}ller, J.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/regulation-news-recommenders-digital-services-act-empowering-david-against-very-large},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-26},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Drunen2020,

title = {The post-editorial control era: how EU media law matches platforms’ organisational control with cooperative responsibility},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2020.1796067},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17577632.2020.1796067},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-28},

journal = {Journal of Media Law},

volume = {12},

number = {2},

pages = {166-190},

abstract = {This paper argues the AVMSD attaches cooperative responsibility to platforms’ organisational control. Firstly, it explores how the new concept of organisational control differs from the editorial control that has traditionally been central to media law, in particular concerning the greater involvement of other stakeholders active on platforms. Secondly, it analyses the measures the AVMSD requires platforms to take with regard to content on their service in light of their organisational control. Finally, it shows how the AVMSD not only requires platforms to assume responsibility for actions under their direct control, but also to enable users and uploaders to exercise their inherent influence differently. The AVMSD consequently moves away from centralised, and towards cooperative responsibility for platforms. The paper concludes by evaluating the choices the AVMSD makes (and fails to make) in the operationalisation of this new responsibility model.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Volgenant2020,

title = {Kroniek Persrecht 2019},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2020_3_Volgenant.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-17},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {2020},

number = {3},

pages = {87-89},

abstract = {Was 2018 het jaar van de serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama en ernstige bedreigingen van individuele journalisten, in 2019 zagen we hoe de beroepsgroep en de overheid daarop reageerden. Het initiatief ‘PersVeilig’ werd gepresenteerd, en in de strafzaken over de twee aanslagen werden verdachten opgepakt en veroordeeld. In 2019 werd \textendash helaas \textendash voor het eerst sinds lange tijd weer een journalist gegijzeld, ondanks het feit dat een jaar eerder het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk was verankerd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2020e,

title = {Challenging rabbit holes: towards more diversity in news recommendation systems},

author = {Helberger, N. and Bernstein, A. and Schulz, W. and Vreese, C.H. de},

url = {https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2020/07/02/challenging-rabbit-holes-towards-more-diversity-in-news-recommendation-systems/},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-16},

journal = {LSE Media Blog},

abstract = {Access to diverse sources of news and information is more important than ever in this time of global crisis, yet far too often, people can find themselves diving into ‘rabbit holes’ of information and opinion that are hard to escape. Here, the following authors provide an in depth assessment of how algorithmic recommendation systems for news can play a more constructive role in a diverse media landscape.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2020d,

title = {The Political Power of Platforms: How Current Attempts to Regulate Misinformation Amplify Opinion Power},

author = {Helberger, N.},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1773888},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-14},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

volume = {8},

number = {6},

pages = {842-854},

abstract = {This contribution critically reviews the ongoing policy initiatives in Europe to impose greater societal responsibility on social media platforms. I discuss the current regulatory approach of treating social platforms as mere 'intermediaries' of the speech of others and propose a different perspective. Instead of perceiving platforms as intermediaries and facilitators of the speech of others, I view social media platforms as active political actors in their own right, and wielders of considerable opinion power. I will explain how taking the perspective of opinion power throws a very different, and rather alarming light on the recent regulatory initiatives.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{McGonagle2020e,

title = {Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CM-Rec20164-Infographic-version-9-April-2020.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-09},

abstract = {The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation.

The infographic, which was first created in 2019, has been updated in April 2020 to mark the fourth anniversary of the adoption of Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 and the fifth anniversary of the launch of the Council of Europe Platform.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bernstein2020,

title = {Diversity, Fairness, and Data-Driven Personalization in (News) Recommender System},

author = {Bernstein, A. and Vreese, C.H. de and Helberger, N. and Schulz, W. and Zweig, K.A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/dagrep_v009_i011_p117_19482.pdf},

doi = {10.4230/DagRep.9.11.117},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-02},

journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},

volume = {9},

number = {11},

pages = {117-124},

abstract = {As people increasingly rely on online media and recommender systems to consume information,

engage in debates and form their political opinions, the design goals of online media and news

recommenders have wide implications for the political and social processes that take place online

and offline. Current recommender systems have been observed to promote personalization and

more effective forms of informing, but also to narrow the user’s exposure to diverse content.

Concerns about echo-chambers and filter bubbles highlight the importance of design metrics that

can successfully strike a balance between accurate recommendations that respond to individual

information needs and preferences, while at the same time addressing concerns about missing out

important information, context and the broader cultural and political diversity in the news, as

well as fairness. A broader, more sophisticated vision of the future of personalized recommenders

needs to be formed\textendasha vision that can only be developed as the result of a collaborative effort by

different areas of academic research (media studies, computer science, law and legal philosophy,

communication science, political philosophy, and democratic theory). The proposed workshop

will set first steps to develop such a much needed vision on the role of recommender systems

on the democratic role of the media and define the guidelines as well as a manifesto for future

research and long-term goals for the emerging topic of fairness, diversity, and personalization in

recommender systems.},

note = {Report from Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 19482},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{McGonagle2020,

title = {Szurovecz t. Hongarije (EHRM, nr. 15428/16) - Court underscores importance of direct news-gathering by journalists},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ehrc-updates.nl/commentaar/207250

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2020_15428_16.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-31},

journal = {European Human Rights Cases},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hins2020,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 12 november 2019 (Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft e.a.  Zwitserland)},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ehrc-updates.nl/commentaar/207262},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-29},

journal = {European Human Rights Cases - Updates},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dommering2019g,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Letland / Buivids)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_433.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-10},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {48/49},

pages = {7166-7168},

abstract = {Video opnamen door verdachte tijdens politieverhoor. Journalistieke exceptie van AVG van toepassing? },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Volgenant2019b,

title = {Kroniek Persrecht 2018},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_5.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-29},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {2019},

number = {5},

pages = {167-169},

abstract = {In 2018 was veiligheid van journalisten een belangrijk thema. Serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama. Individuele journalisten die ernstig werden bedreigd vanuit de hoek van de

georganiseerde criminaliteit. Het resulteerde in een convenant met afspraken over geweld en agressie tegen journalisten. 2018 was ook het jaar waarin \textendash eindelijk \textendash het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk werd verankerd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Voorhoof2019,

title = {Denying journalist access to asylum-seeker ‘reception centre’ in Hungary violated Article 10 ECHR},

author = {Voorhoof, D. and Fahy, R.},

url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/11/04/denying-journalist-access-to-asylum-seeker-reception-centre-in-hungary-violated-article-10-echr/},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-15},

journal = {Strasbourg Observers},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fahy2019c,

title = {ECtHR engages in dangerous "triple pirouette" to find criminal prosecution for media coverage of PKK statements did not violate Article 10},

author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.},

url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/10/14/ecthr-engages-in-dangerous-triple-pirouette-to-find-criminal-prosecution-for-media-coverage-of-pkk-statements-did-not-violate-article-10/#more-4435},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-14},

journal = {Strasbourg Observers},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Harambam2019b,

title = {Designing for the Better by Taking Users into Account: A Qualitative Evaluation of User Control Mechanisms in (News) Recommender Systems},

author = {Harambam, J. and Bountouridis, D. and Makhortykh, M. and van Hoboken, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_recsys_19.pdf

https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3347014},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-19},

journal = {RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems},

pages = {69-77},

abstract = {Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{McGonagle2019g,

title = {Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CM-Rec20164-Infographic.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-07},

abstract = {The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2019b,

title = {On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders},

author = {Helberger, N.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-28},

urldate = {2019-06-28},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

volume = {7},

number = {8},

pages = {993-1012},

abstract = {Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bod\'{o}2019d,

title = {Selling News to Audiences \textendash A Qualitative Inquiry into the Emerging Logics of Algorithmic News Personalization in European Quality News Media},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B.},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1624185},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-20},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

volume = {7},

number = {8},

pages = {1054-1075},

abstract = {How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}