@article{nokey,

title = {Popularity-driven Metrics: Audience Analytics and Shifting Opinion Power to Digital Platforms},

author = {Dodds, T. and Vreese, C. de and Helberger, N. and Resendez, V. and Seipp, T.},

doi = {10.1080/1461670X.2023.2167104},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-06},

urldate = {2023-01-06},

journal = {Journalism Studies},

abstract = {As digital technologies have made their way into news production, allowing news organizations to measure audience behaviors and engagement in real-time, click-based and editorial goals have become increasingly intertwined. Ongoing developments in algorithmic technologies allow editors to bring their audience into the newsroom using specialized tools such as Chartbeat or Google Analytics. This article examines how these technologies have affected the composition of the audience and their power to influence news-making processes inside two Chilean newsrooms. Drawing on several months of newsroom ethnography, we identify how the pursuit of “clickable news” impacts editorial processes and journalistic priorities by changing the datafied audience opinion power behind news production. Shifts in opinion power, loss of control, and increased platform dependency may contribute to a concentrated media landscape. Our findings show that opinion power has shifted to a datafied version of the audience, raising new questions about platform dependency and editorial autonomy in media organizations. These results carry significant implications for understanding the chase for traffic in current multiplatform newsrooms and how this phenomenon impacts news production.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Dealing with Opinion Power in the Platform World: Why We Really Have to Rethink Media Concentration Law},

author = {Seipp, T. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de and Ausloos, J.},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2161924},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-03},

urldate = {2023-01-03},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {The platformised news environment affects audiences, challenges the news media’s role, and transforms the media ecosystem. Digital platform companies influence opinion formation and hence wield “opinion power,” a normatively and constitutionally rooted notion that captures the core of media power in democracy and substantiates why that power must be distributed. Media concentration law is the traditional tool to prevent predominant opinion power from emerging but is, in its current form, not applicable to the platform context. We demonstrate how the nature of opinion power is changing and shifting from news media to platforms and distinguish three levels of opinion power: (1) the individual citizen, (2) the institutional newsroom and (3) the media ecosystem. The reconceptualization at the three levels provides a framework to develop future (non-)regulatory responses that address (1) the shifting influence over individual news consumption and exposure, (2) the changing power dynamics within automated, datafied and platform-dependent newsrooms, and (3) the systemic power of platforms and structural dependencies in the media ecosystem. We demonstrate that as the nature of opinion power is changing, so must the tools of control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Book review: Media Freedom, by Damian Tambini},

author = {Seipp, T.},

url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10776990221143749},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990221143749},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-07},

journal = {Journalism \& Mass Communication Quarterly},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Goed bestuur en integriteit bij de publieke omroep},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/mediaforum_2022_5/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-03},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {5},

pages = {158-163},

abstract = {Volgens artikel 2.3, lid 2, van de Mediawet moet de Raad van Bestuur van de NPO een gedragscode opstellen ter bevordering van goed bestuur en integriteit bij de eigen organisatie, de landelijke publieke media-instellingen en de Ster. Naar aanleiding van enkele incidenten werd dit onderwerp door de Tweede Kamer besproken op 7 juli 2022. De materi\"{e}le verplichtingen en het toezicht op de naleving daarvan lijken een onoverzichtelijke kluwen. Doel van deze bijdrage is een paar hoofdlijnen te onderscheiden en te bezien of de materie beter kan worden geregeld.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {SLAPPed by the GDPR: protecting public interest journalism in the face of GDPR-based strategic litigation against public participation},

author = {Rucz, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2022.2129614},

doi = {10.1080/17577632.2022.2129614},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-13},

journal = {Journal of Media Law},

abstract = {Strategic litigation against public participation is a threat to public interest journalism. Although typically a defamation claim underpins a SLAPP, the GDPR may serve as an alternative basis. This paper explores how public interest journalism is protected, and could be better protected, from abusive GDPR proceedings. The GDPR addresses the tension between data protection and freedom of expression by providing for a journalistic exemption. However, narrow national implementations of this provision leave the GDPR open for abuse. By analysing GDPR proceedings against newspaper Forbes Hungary, the paper illustrates how the GDPR can be instrumentalised as a SLAPP strategy. As European anti-SLAPP initiatives are finetuned, abusive GDPR proceedings need to be recognised as emerging forms of SLAPPs, requiring more attention to inadequate engagement with European freedom of expression standards in national implementations of the GDPR, data protection authorities’ role in facilitating SLAPPs, and the chilling effects of GDPR sanctions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {NIT S.R.L. t. Moldavi\"{e} (EHRM, 28470/12) \textendash Het EHRM introduceert intern pluralisme},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ehrc_updates_7okt2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-07},

journal = {European Human Rights Cases Updates},

abstract = {NIT t. Moldavi\"{e} draait om de vraag of een staat een uitzendvergunning mag intrekken om pluralisme te waarborgen. Het merendeel van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM over pluralisme heeft juist betrekking op de plicht die staten hebben om te verzekeren dat er voldoende mediabedrijven zijn die vrij zijn om hun eigen, diverse standpunten uit te dragen. NIT werd echter uit de lucht gehaald om pluralisme te beschermen: de Moldavische omroep had niet voldaan aan haar verplichting om in haar nieuws verschillende politieke standpunten gebalanceerd te presenteren. De Grote Kamer grijpt de zaak aan om haar jurisprudentie over de omstandigheden waaronder een staat de redactionele vrijheid van een mediabedrijf kan beperken om pluralisme te garanderen te ontwikkelen. Het EHRM oordeelt dat artikel 10 EVRM niet geschonden is.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sax2022,

title = {Algorithmic News Diversity and Democratic Theory: Adding Agonism to the Mix},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-14},

urldate = {2022-09-14},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {The role news recommenders can play in stimulating news diversity is receiving increasing amounts of attention. Democratic theory plays an important role in this debate because it helps explain why news diversity is important and which kinds of news diversity should be pursued. In this article, I observe that the current literature on news recommenders and news diversity largely draws on a narrow set of theories of liberal and deliberative democracy. Another strand of democratic theory often referred to as ‘agonism’ is often ignored. This, I argue, is a mistake. Liberal and deliberative theories of democracy focus on the question of how political disagreements and conflicts can be resolved in a rational and legitimate manner. Agonism, to the contrary, stresses the ineradicability of conflict and the need to make conflict productive. This difference in thinking about the purpose of democratic politics can also lead to new ways of thinking about the value of news diversity and role algorithmic news recommenders should play in promoting it. The overall aim of the article is (re)introduce agonistic theory to the news recommender context and to argue that agonism deserves more serious attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Staatspropaganda en uitingsvrijheid},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/opinie_mediaforum_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-25},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {34},

issue = {2},

pages = {45},

abstract = {Op 10 januari 2022 is de Europese Commissie een openbare raadpleging gestart inzake een nieuwe verordening op basis van art. 114 VWEU, genaamd ‘Europese wet inzake mediavrijheid. ’ Deze opinie bepleit om in de te toekomstige verordening vast te leggen dat publieke mediadiensten binnen de EU onafhankelijk moeten functioneren van de politieke macht. Het aanleggen van dezelfde criteria voor het doorgeven van programma’s die elders zijn uitgezonden is echter onevenredig.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Safeguarding Editorial Independence in an Automated Media System: The Relationship Between Law and Journalistic Perspectives},

author = {Drunen, M. van and Fechner, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digitaljournalism_2022/},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2108868},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-16},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {This article explores the relationship between legal and journalistic perspectives on the way editorial independence can be safeguarded in the context of automation. It aims to bridge two discussions. First, the journalism studies literature that has explored how automation challenges the way editors and journalists fulfil their role in newsrooms and society. Second, the legal discussion that is revisiting how the conditions for editorial independence can be created in a media system where automation is increasingly important. To do so, this article contrasts a normative framework that outlines the functions of editorial independence in European media law with interviews with editors and journalists involved in data journalism and news personalisation. It finds excellent potential for a complementary relationship between legal and journalistic perspectives on editorial independence. However, the challenges posed by automation fall outside the mechanisms through which this relationship has traditionally been operationalised.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2021},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/mediaforum_2022_3/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-14},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {3},

pages = {74-77},

abstract = {De persvrijheid staat wereldwijd onder druk. Ook in Nederland is sprake van een neerwaartse trend. Nederland daalde voor het derde jaar op rij een plekje op de jaarlijkse ranglijst van landen met de meeste persvrijheid. Nederland zakte in 2021 af naar de zesde plaats, en in 2022 duikelde Nederland zelfs naar de 28ste plaats. Er is kritiek op de gebrekkige wijze waarop overheidsinformatie wordt gedeeld, en de veiligheid van journalisten is een belangrijk aandachtspunt. De Europese Commissie rapporteert jaarlijks over de rechtsstaat in Nederland, en noemde in 2021 als aandachtspunten: toegang tot overheidsinformatie, bedreigingen van journalisten, en het openbaar maken van eigendomsstructuren van media. Dit laatste punt wordt ook door het Commissariaat voor de Media in de jaarlijkse Monitor voor de pluriformiteit van de media benoemd, in het licht van de trend van toenemende mediaconcentratie.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Grondrechten voor de vijand},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.montesquieu-instituut.nl/id/vlrjjfj3ptw8/nieuws/grondrechthttps://www.ivir.nl/hofvijver-28-maart-2022-opinie-grondrechten-voor-de-vijand/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {12},

issue = {129},

abstract = {Op 1 maart 2022 besloot de Raad van de Europese Unie tot een algemeen verbod op het doorgeven van de Russische propagandazenders RT (Russia Today) en Sputnik. In deze opinie wordt het standpunt ingenomen dat desinformatie moet worden bestreden, maar dat het middel van censuur erger is dan de kwaal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 7 december 2021 (Standard Verlagsgesellschaft / Oostenrijk)},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_jbp_2022_1/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-15},

journal = {Jurisprudentie Bescherming Persoonsgegevens},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {19-23},

abstract = {Standard Verlagsgesellschaft geeft in Oostenrijk een dagblad uit, dat ook online wordt gepubliceerd. Onder de redactionele artikelen kunnen geregistreerde lezers hun eigen commentaar plaatsen, desgewenst onder een schuilnaam. In de casus hadden drie lezers onder schuilnaam scherpe afkeuring uitgesproken over het gedrag van twee politici. Bij de nationale rechter vorderden de twee politici afgifte van de namen, adressen en woonplaatsen van de auteurs. De Oostenrijkse rechter wees de eis toe, maar het EHRM oordeelt anders. Weliswaar is het recht op bronbescherming niet van toepassing, maar de persvrijheid krachtens artikel 10 EVRM is toch geschonden.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Editorial independence in an automated media system},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/editorial-independence-automated-media-system},

doi = {10.14763/2021.3.1569},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-13},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

abstract = {The media has increasingly grown to rely on automated decision-making to produce and distribute news. This trend challenges our understanding of editorial independence by transforming the role of human editorial judgment and creating new dependencies on external software and data providers, engineers, and platforms. Recent policy initiatives such as the EU’s Media Action Plan and Digital Services Act are now beginning to revisit the way law can enable the media to act independently in the context of new technological tools and actors. Fully understanding and addressing the challenges automation poses to editorial independence, however, first requires better normative insight into the functions editorial independence performs in European media policy. This article provides a normative framework of editorial independence’s functions in European media policy and uses it to explore the new challenges posed by the automation of editorial decision-making.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bastian2021,

title = {Safeguarding the Journalistic DNA: Attitudes towards the Role of Professional Values in Algorithmic News Recommender Designs},

author = {Bastian, M. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-29},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {In contrast to the extensive debate on the influence of algorithmic news recommenders (ANRs) on individual news diets, the interaction between such systems and journalistic norms and missions remain under-studied. The change in the relationship between journalists and the audience caused by the transition to personalized news delivery has profound consequences for the understanding of what journalism should be. To investigate how media practitioners perceive the impact of ANRs on their professional norms and media organizations’ missions, and how these norms and missions can be integrated into ANR design, this article looks at two quality newspapers from the Netherlands and Switzerland. Using an interview-based approach conducted with practitioners in different departments (e.g. journalists, data scientists, and product managers), it explores how ANRs interact with organization-centred and audience-centred journalistic values. The paper’s findings indicate a varying degree of prominence for specific values between individual practitioners in the context of their perception of ANRs. At the same time, the paper also reveals that some organization-centred (e.g. transparency) and most audience-centred (e.g. usability) values are viewed as prerequisites for successful ANR design by practitioners with different professional backgrounds.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Seipp2021,

title = {News media’s dependency on big tech: should we be worried?},

author = {Seipp, T.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/news-medias-dependency-big-tech-should-we-be-worried/1562},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Voorhoof2021,

title = {Freedom of expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the Euopean Court of Human Rights},

author = {Voorhoof, D. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-themes-vol-iii-2020-edition-en-28-april-2021-/1680a24eee},

isbn = {9789287184351},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-06},

abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first four editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2020) have proved hugely successful. The new sixth edition summarises over 339 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). },

note = {IRIS Themes, vol. III, 6th edition, April 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Volgenant2021,

title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2020},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Persvrijheidsmonitor-2020.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-03},

abstract = {Op maandag 3 mei wordt de Internationale Dag van de Persvrijheid gehouden. Op deze dag wordt de jaarlijkse Persvrijheidsmonitor gepresenteerd met een overzicht van de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van de persvrijheid in Nederland.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanEechoud2021,

title = {Nieuws in de platformeconomie},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.montesquieu-instituut.nl/id/vlhef5g0pisa/nieuws/nieuws_in_de_platformeconomie},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-29},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {11},

number = {118},

abstract = {De media stond de afgelopen weken bol van het nieuws dat Google en Facebook op grond van een nieuwe Australische wet moeten gaan betalen voor het gebruik van ‘news content’. In de EU hebben we al een paar jaar zo’n wet, in de vorm van een richtlijn (2019/790) die inmiddels in de Wet op de naburige rechten is ge\"{i}mplementeerd. Deze zomer treed de herziene wet in werking en hebben uitgevers van perspublicaties aan het auteursrecht vergelijkbare exclusieve rechten ten aanzien van het online (commercieel) gebruik van hun digitale uitgaven. Net als in Australi\"{e} gebeurde, ging de totstandkoming van de Europese wet gepaard met groot retorisch geweld van zowel de kant van traditionele media als van platformen. Digitale platforms zouden advertentie-inkomsten stelen van kranten en rijk worden over de rug van traditionele media. Persuitgevers zouden voorstander zijn van een de-facto belasting op hyperlinks, gebrek aan innovatiekracht tonen en miskennen hoezeer sociale media en zoekmachines hun bereik exponentieel vergroten, en dat gratis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Recommenders with a Mission: Assessing Diversity in News Recommendations},

author = {Vrijenhoek, S. and Kaya, M. and Metoui, N. and M\"{o}ller, J. and Odijk, D. and Helberger, N.},

url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3406522.3446019},

doi = {10.1145/3406522.3446019},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-14},

journal = {CHIIR '21: Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval},

pages = {173-183},

abstract = {News recommenders help users to find relevant online content and have the potential to fulfill a crucial role in a democratic society, directing the scarce attention of citizens towards the information that is most important to them. Simultaneously, recent concerns about so-called filter bubbles, misinformation and selective exposure are symptomatic of the disruptive potential of these digital news recommenders. Recommender systems can make or break filter bubbles, and as such can be instrumental in creating either a more closed or a more open internet. Current approaches to evaluating recommender systems are often focused on measuring an increase in user clicks and short-term engagement, rather than measuring the user's longer term interest in diverse and important information.

This paper aims to bridge the gap between normative notions of diversity, rooted in democratic theory, and quantitative metrics necessary for evaluating the recommender system. We propose a set of metrics grounded in social science interpretations of diversity and suggest ways for practical implementations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dommering2021b,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 8 oktober 2019 (Szurovecz / Hongarije)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_13.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-11},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

volume = {2021},

number = {4},

pages = {230-231},

abstract = {Deze zaak gaat over de vrijheid van nieuwsgaring. Een journalist kreeg geen toegang tot vreemdelingencentra in Hongarije. Het EHRM achtte dat in de gegeven omstandigheden in strijd met artikel 10 EVRM. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2021b,

title = {Regulation of news recommenders in the Digital Services Act: empowering David against the Very Large Online Goliath},

author = {Helberger, N. and Drunen, M. van and Vrijenhoek, S. and M\"{o}ller, J.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/regulation-news-recommenders-digital-services-act-empowering-david-against-very-large},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-26},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Drunen2020,

title = {The post-editorial control era: how EU media law matches platforms’ organisational control with cooperative responsibility},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2020.1796067},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17577632.2020.1796067},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-28},

journal = {Journal of Media Law},

volume = {12},

number = {2},

pages = {166-190},

abstract = {This paper argues the AVMSD attaches cooperative responsibility to platforms’ organisational control. Firstly, it explores how the new concept of organisational control differs from the editorial control that has traditionally been central to media law, in particular concerning the greater involvement of other stakeholders active on platforms. Secondly, it analyses the measures the AVMSD requires platforms to take with regard to content on their service in light of their organisational control. Finally, it shows how the AVMSD not only requires platforms to assume responsibility for actions under their direct control, but also to enable users and uploaders to exercise their inherent influence differently. The AVMSD consequently moves away from centralised, and towards cooperative responsibility for platforms. The paper concludes by evaluating the choices the AVMSD makes (and fails to make) in the operationalisation of this new responsibility model.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Volgenant2020,

title = {Kroniek Persrecht 2019},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2020_3_Volgenant.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-17},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {2020},

number = {3},

pages = {87-89},

abstract = {Was 2018 het jaar van de serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama en ernstige bedreigingen van individuele journalisten, in 2019 zagen we hoe de beroepsgroep en de overheid daarop reageerden. Het initiatief ‘PersVeilig’ werd gepresenteerd, en in de strafzaken over de twee aanslagen werden verdachten opgepakt en veroordeeld. In 2019 werd \textendash helaas \textendash voor het eerst sinds lange tijd weer een journalist gegijzeld, ondanks het feit dat een jaar eerder het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk was verankerd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2020e,

title = {Challenging rabbit holes: towards more diversity in news recommendation systems},

author = {Helberger, N. and Bernstein, A. and Schulz, W. and Vreese, C.H. de},

url = {https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2020/07/02/challenging-rabbit-holes-towards-more-diversity-in-news-recommendation-systems/},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-16},

journal = {LSE Media Blog},

abstract = {Access to diverse sources of news and information is more important than ever in this time of global crisis, yet far too often, people can find themselves diving into ‘rabbit holes’ of information and opinion that are hard to escape. Here, the following authors provide an in depth assessment of how algorithmic recommendation systems for news can play a more constructive role in a diverse media landscape.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2020d,

title = {The Political Power of Platforms: How Current Attempts to Regulate Misinformation Amplify Opinion Power},

author = {Helberger, N.},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1773888},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-07-14},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

volume = {8},

number = {6},

pages = {842-854},

abstract = {This contribution critically reviews the ongoing policy initiatives in Europe to impose greater societal responsibility on social media platforms. I discuss the current regulatory approach of treating social platforms as mere 'intermediaries' of the speech of others and propose a different perspective. Instead of perceiving platforms as intermediaries and facilitators of the speech of others, I view social media platforms as active political actors in their own right, and wielders of considerable opinion power. I will explain how taking the perspective of opinion power throws a very different, and rather alarming light on the recent regulatory initiatives.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{McGonagle2020e,

title = {Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CM-Rec20164-Infographic-version-9-April-2020.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-09},

abstract = {The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation.

The infographic, which was first created in 2019, has been updated in April 2020 to mark the fourth anniversary of the adoption of Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 and the fifth anniversary of the launch of the Council of Europe Platform.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bernstein2020,

title = {Diversity, Fairness, and Data-Driven Personalization in (News) Recommender System},

author = {Bernstein, A. and Vreese, C.H. de and Helberger, N. and Schulz, W. and Zweig, K.A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/dagrep_v009_i011_p117_19482.pdf},

doi = {10.4230/DagRep.9.11.117},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-04-02},

journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},

volume = {9},

number = {11},

pages = {117-124},

abstract = {As people increasingly rely on online media and recommender systems to consume information,

engage in debates and form their political opinions, the design goals of online media and news

recommenders have wide implications for the political and social processes that take place online

and offline. Current recommender systems have been observed to promote personalization and

more effective forms of informing, but also to narrow the user’s exposure to diverse content.

Concerns about echo-chambers and filter bubbles highlight the importance of design metrics that

can successfully strike a balance between accurate recommendations that respond to individual

information needs and preferences, while at the same time addressing concerns about missing out

important information, context and the broader cultural and political diversity in the news, as

well as fairness. A broader, more sophisticated vision of the future of personalized recommenders

needs to be formed\textendasha vision that can only be developed as the result of a collaborative effort by

different areas of academic research (media studies, computer science, law and legal philosophy,

communication science, political philosophy, and democratic theory). The proposed workshop

will set first steps to develop such a much needed vision on the role of recommender systems

on the democratic role of the media and define the guidelines as well as a manifesto for future

research and long-term goals for the emerging topic of fairness, diversity, and personalization in

recommender systems.},

note = {Report from Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 19482},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{McGonagle2020,

title = {Szurovecz t. Hongarije (EHRM, nr. 15428/16) - Court underscores importance of direct news-gathering by journalists},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ehrc-updates.nl/commentaar/207250

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2020_15428_16.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-31},

journal = {European Human Rights Cases},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hins2020,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 12 november 2019 (Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft e.a.  Zwitserland)},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ehrc-updates.nl/commentaar/207262},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-29},

journal = {European Human Rights Cases - Updates},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dommering2019g,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Letland / Buivids)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_433.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-10},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {48/49},

pages = {7166-7168},

abstract = {Video opnamen door verdachte tijdens politieverhoor. Journalistieke exceptie van AVG van toepassing? },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Volgenant2019b,

title = {Kroniek Persrecht 2018},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_5.pdf},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-29},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {2019},

number = {5},

pages = {167-169},

abstract = {In 2018 was veiligheid van journalisten een belangrijk thema. Serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama. Individuele journalisten die ernstig werden bedreigd vanuit de hoek van de

georganiseerde criminaliteit. Het resulteerde in een convenant met afspraken over geweld en agressie tegen journalisten. 2018 was ook het jaar waarin \textendash eindelijk \textendash het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk werd verankerd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Voorhoof2019,

title = {Denying journalist access to asylum-seeker ‘reception centre’ in Hungary violated Article 10 ECHR},

author = {Voorhoof, D. and Fahy, R.},

url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/11/04/denying-journalist-access-to-asylum-seeker-reception-centre-in-hungary-violated-article-10-echr/},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-11-15},

journal = {Strasbourg Observers},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fahy2019c,

title = {ECtHR engages in dangerous "triple pirouette" to find criminal prosecution for media coverage of PKK statements did not violate Article 10},

author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.},

url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/10/14/ecthr-engages-in-dangerous-triple-pirouette-to-find-criminal-prosecution-for-media-coverage-of-pkk-statements-did-not-violate-article-10/#more-4435},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-14},

journal = {Strasbourg Observers},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}