@inbook{McGonagle2020b,
title = {The Council of Europe and Internet Intermediaries: A Case Study of Tentative Posturing},
author = {McGonagle, T.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CoE_and_internet_intermediaries.pdf
https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/human-rights-age-platforms},
isbn = {9780262039055},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-07},
booktitle = {Chapter in: Human Rights in the Age of Platforms, ed. R.F. J\orgensen, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2019.},
pages = {227-253},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}

@article{Dobber2020,
title = {The regulation of online political micro-targeting in Europe},
author = {Dobber, T. and Fahy, R. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},
url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/regulation-online-political-micro-targeting-europe},
doi = {10.14763/2019.4.1440},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-16},
journal = {Internet Policy Review},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
abstract = {In this paper, we examine how online political micro-targeting is regulated in Europe. While there are no specific rules on such micro-targeting, there are general rules that apply. We focus on three fields of law: data protection law, freedom of expression, and sector-specific rules for political advertising; for the latter we examine four countries. We argue that the rules in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) are necessary, but not sufficient. We show that political advertising, including online political micro-targeting, is protected by the right to freedom of expression. That right is not absolute, however. From a European human rights perspective, it is possible for lawmakers to limit the possibilities for political advertising. Indeed, some countries ban TV advertising for political parties during elections.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Fahy2019eb,
title = {European Regulation of Smartphone Ecosystems},
author = {Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://edpl.lexxion.eu/article/EDPL/2019/4/6},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2019/4/6},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-13},
journal = {European Data Protection Law Review (EDPL)},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {476-491},
abstract = {For the first time, two pieces of EU legislation will specifically target smartphone ecosystems in relation to smartphone and mobile software (eg, iOS and Android) privacy, and use and monetisation of data. And yet, both pieces of legislation approach data use and data monetisation from radically contrasting perspectives. The first is the proposed ePrivacy Regulation, which seeks to provide enhanced protection against user data monitoring and tracking in smartphones, and safeguard privacy in electronic communications. On the other hand, the recently enacted Platform-to-Business Regulation 2019, seeks to bring fairness to platform-business user relations (including app stores and app developers), and is crucially built upon the premise that the ability to access and use data, including personal data, can enable important value creation in the online platform economy. This article discusses how these two Regulations will apply to smartphone ecosystems, especially relating to user and device privacy. The article analyses the potential tension points between the two sets of rules, which result from the underlying policy objectives of safeguarding privacy in electronic communications and the functioning of the digital economy in the emerging era of platform governance. The article concludes with a discussion on how to address these issues, at the intersection of privacy and competition in the digital platform economy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2019h,
title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 24 september 2019 (Google / Frankrijk)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_434.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-10},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
number = {48/49},
pages = {7182-7185},
abstract = {Verantwoordelijkheid zoekmachine bij het produceren van zoekresultaat met gegevens over strafrechtelijke veroordeling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{vanHoboken2019c,
title = {De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/verspreiding_desinformatie_internetdiensten_tussenrapportage.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-31},
abstract = {Rapport in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 30821, nr. 91, Tweede Kamer.},
note = {Tussenrapportage oktober 2019},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{Helberger2019,
title = {Germany proposes Europe's first diversity rules for social media platforms},
author = {Helberger, N. and Leerssen, P. and Drunen, M. van},
url = {https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mediapolicyproject/2019/05/29/germany-proposes-europes-first-diversity-rules-for-social-media-platforms/},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-06},
journal = {LSE Media Policy Project Blog},
volume = {2019},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Coche2019b,
title = {Heks'nkaas or the "Fifty Shades of Taste" Explained by the CJEU through EU Copyright Law},
author = {Coche, E.},
url = {http://uba-sfx.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/uva-linker?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:azlist&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=110978977740233&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off;},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-03-12},
journal = {European Intellectual Property Review},
volume = {2019},
number = {3},
pages = {173-180},
abstract = {If the CJEU were to grant a prize to the 2018 most "original" copyright dispute, Levola Hengola v Smilde Foods (C-310/17) (the Heks’nkaas case) would undoubtedly stand among the nominees. The main reason why this case hit the spotlight is most probably because it touched upon the fundamentals of EU copyright law, namely its protectable subject-matter. Intriguingly, the complexities of copyright were unveiled by the following question: "Does Union law preclude the taste of food\textemdashas the author’s own intellectual creation\textemdashfrom being protected by copyright?" Notwithstanding the court’s dissenting answer, which clarified the scope of EU copyright law, it is of paramount importance to also discuss and unravel the ruling’s preceding procedure, including the Opinion by the Advocate General, as it shed light on the many existing controversies within copyright law.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{Borgesius2019,
title = {Discrimination, artificial intelligence, and algorithmic decision-making},
author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},
url = {https://rm.coe.int/discrimination-artificial-intelligence-and-algorithmic-decision-making/1680925d73},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-08},
volume = {2019},
abstract = {This report, written for the Anti-discrimination department of the Council of Europe, concerns discrimination caused by algorithmic decision-making and other types of artificial intelligence (AI). AI advances important goals, such as efficiency, health and economic growth but it can also have discriminatory effects, for instance when AI systems learn from biased human decisions. In the public and the private sector, organisations can take AI-driven decisions with farreaching effects for people. Public sector bodies can use AI for predictive policing for example, or for making decisions on eligibility for pension payments, housing assistance or unemployment benefits. In the private sector, AI can be used to select job applicants, and banks can use AI to decide whether to grant individual consumers
credit and set interest rates for them. Moreover, many small decisions, taken together, can have large effects. By way of illustration, AI-driven price discrimination could lead to certain groups in society consistently paying more. The most relevant legal tools to mitigate the risks of AI-driven discrimination are nondiscrimination law and data protection law. If effectively enforced, both these legal tools
could help to fight illegal discrimination. Council of Europe member States, human rights monitoring bodies, such as the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, and Equality Bodies should aim for better enforcement of current nondiscrimination norms. But AI also opens the way for new types of unfair differentiation (some might say discrimination) that escape current laws. Most non-discrimination statutes apply only to discrimination on the basis of protected characteristics, such as skin colour. Such statutes do not apply if an AI system invents new classes, which do not correlate with
protected characteristics, to differentiate between people. Such differentiation could still be unfair, however, for instance when it reinforces social inequality. We probably need additional regulation to protect fairness and human rights in the area of AI. But regulating AI in general is not the right approach, as the use of AI systems is too varied for one set of rules. In different sectors, different values are at stake, and different problems arise. Therefore, sector-specific rules should be considered. More research and debate are needed. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{vanDaalen2018b,
title = {Het privacy-argument tegen de Dopamine Machine},
author = {van Daalen, O.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PrivacyInformatie_2018_2.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-12},
journal = {Privacy & Informatierecht},
volume = {2018},
number = {2},
pages = {39-41},
abstract = {De kinderen van Apple-baas Steve Jobs mochten geen iPad gebruiken. 1 Maar Jobs was niet de enige. Veel techies in Silicon Valley zijn zich bewust van de verslavende effecten van IT \textendash ze hebben de producten namelijk zelf ontwikkeld. En nu steeds meer spijtoptanten oproepen tot regulering van onlinediensten zoals Facebook, vraag ik me af: welke rol kan het privacyrecht daarbij spelen?},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{vanEijk2018f,
title = {Expert Opinion: Legal basis for multilateral exchange of information},
author = {van Eijk, N. and Ryngaert, C.M.J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Expert_opinion_CTIVD.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-03},
abstract = {Appendix IV to CTIVD report no. 56 to the review report on the multilateral exchange of data on (alleged) jihadists by the AIVD},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{vanEijk2018e,
title = {Deskundigenbericht: Juridische grondslag multilaterale informatie-uitwisseling},
author = {van Eijk, N. and Ryngaert, C.M.J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Deskundigenbericht.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-03},
volume = {2018},
note = {Bijlage IV bij CTIVD rapport nr. 56 over de multilaterale gegevensuitwisseling door de AIVD over (vermeende) jihadisten. Zie ook: https://www.ctivd.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/03/28/index.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{vanEijk2018d,
title = {Enkele kanttekeningen bij de Wiv 2017: De uitbreiding van bevoegdheden getoetst aan mensenrechten},
author = {van Eijk, N. and Eijkman, Q.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/JV_2018_1.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-20},
journal = {Justiti\"{e}le Verkenningen},
volume = {2018},
number = {1},
pages = {99-113},
abstract = {Wij presenteren in dit artikel een aantal kanttekeningen bij de Wiv 2017. Dit doen wij door een aantal relevante in Nederland en in de Europese Unie verschenen overkoepelende studies over grondrechten te bespreken. Deze kanttekeningen zijn deels gebaseerd op normatieve uitgangspunten en aanbevelingen uit deze studies, deels ontleend aan nog lopend onderzoek. Gezien de aard en omvang van dit artikel is een selectie gemaakt en beperkt de
analyse zich tot het schetsen van de belangrijkste dilemma’s.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Bod\'{o}2018,
title = {Political micro-targeting: a Manchurian candidate or just a dark horse?},
author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de},
url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/political-micro-targeting-manchurian-candidate-or-just-dark-horse},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-19},
journal = {Internet Policy Review},
volume = {2017},
number = {4},
abstract = {Political micro-targeting (PMT) has become a popular topic both in academia and in the public discussions after the surprise results of the 2016 US presidential election, the UK vote on leaving the European Union, and a number of general elections in Europe in 2017. Yet, we still know little about whether PMT is a tool with such destructive potential that it requires close societal control, or if it’s “just” a new phenomenon with currently unknown capacities, but which can ultimately be incorporated into our political processes. In this article we identify the points where we think we need to further develop our analytical capacities around PMT. We argue that we need to decouple research from the US context, and through more non-US and comparative research we need to develop a better understanding of the macro, meso, and micro level factors that affect the adoption and success of PMTs across different countries. One of the most under-researched macro-level factors is law. We argue that PMT research must develop a better understanding of law, especially in Europe, where the regulatory frameworks around platforms, personal data, political and commercial speech do shape the use and effectiveness of PMT. We point out that the incorporation of such new factors calls for the sophistication of research designs, which currently rely too much on qualitative methods, and use too little of the data that exists on PMT. And finally, we call for distancing PMT research from the hype surrounding the new PMT capabilities, and the moral panics that quickly develop around its uses.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{McGonagle2017h,
title = {“Fake news”: False fears or real concerns?},
author = {McGonagle, T.},
url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0924051917738685},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0924051917738685},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-05},
journal = {Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {203-209},
abstract = {‘‘Fake news’’ has become a much-used and much-hyped term in the so-called ‘‘post-truth’’ era that we now live in. It is also much-maligned: it is often blamed for having a disruptive impact on the outcomes of elections and referenda and for skewing democratic public debate, with the 2016 US Presidential elections and Brexit referendum often cited as examples. ‘‘Fake news’’ has also been flagged for fuelling propaganda and ‘‘hate speech’’ and even violence. ‘‘Pizzagate’’ is an infamous example of exceptional circumstances in which a false news story had a central role in a shooting incident. In December 2016, a man in Washington D.C. took it upon himself to ‘‘self-investigate’’
a story (a completely unfounded conspiracy theory) that the Hillary Clinton campaign team was running a paedophile ring from the premises of a pizzeria. Shots were fired and he was arrested and charged with assault and related offences. Given all this bad press, it is perhaps little wonder that ‘‘fake news’’ has become a major preoccupation for international organisations, national law- and policy-makers, the media and media actors, civil society and academia. But what exactly is ‘‘fake news’’ and what is all the fuss about? In addressing these questions, this column will also consider historical and contemporary perspectives on the term and its relationship with human rights.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2017b,
title = {De Hoge Raad en Mein Kampf: Over een veranderde maar ongewisse koers},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/De-Hoge-Raad-en-Mein-Kampf.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-16},
note = {In: Verandering van Koers, H.A. Groen c.s. red., Uitgeverij Datawyse 2017, ISBN 9789462957404, p. 13-20.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{Irion2017d,
title = {The independence and functioning of the regulatory authority for electronic media in Serbia, Study commissioned by the Council of Europe, Amsterdam/Brussels/Budapest/Belgrade, 2017.},
author = {Irion, K. and Ledger, M. and Svensson, S.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/rem-report-indiregmethodology-nov17-final-3/},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-10-16},
abstract = {This study carries out an independent assessment of the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Media (REM) of Serbia. The scope of the study is to apply the INDIREG methodology to the REM and provide contextual interpretation of the results with policy recommendations. This study has been commissioned by the Council of Europe, on the request of REM, in the framework of the Project “Reinforcing Judicial Expertise on Freedom of Expression and the Media in South-East Europe (JUFREX)”.

REM, seated in Belgrade, is caught and operates in a challenging context: media markets in Serbia are highly saturated and government grants are awarded to selective private media. There is low upfront compliance with programme and advertisements rules as well as an overall squeeze on quality content and the accountability function of the media. Lacking the optimal support of the parliament and being sidelined by the Ministry on Culture and Information can damage the effective functioning of the independent regulator. REM in this situation appears to retreat to overly formalistic (law-abiding) activities without necessarily being effective in regulating the Serbian electronic and audiovisual media. Many stakeholders from the media sector do not perceive of REM as an authority pointing to a lack of enforcement or the deflection of responsibility which has undermined its public credibility. The study concludes with a set of recommendation how to address these challenges.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{Fahy2017b,
title = {The Chilling Effect of Liability for Online Reader Comments},
author = {Fahy, R.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EHRLR_2017_4.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-08-24},
journal = {European Human Rights Law Review},
volume = {2017},
number = {4},
pages = {387-393},
abstract = {This article assesses how the European Court of Human Rights has responded to the argument that holding online news media liable for reader comments has a chilling effect on freedom of expression. The article demonstrates how the Court first responded by dismissing the argument, and focused on the apparent lack of evidence for any such chilling effect. The article then argues that the Court has moved away from its initial rejection, and now accepts that a potential chilling effect, even without evidence, is integral to deciding whether online news media should be liable for reader comments. Finally, the article argues that this latter view is consistent with the Court’s precedent in other areas of
freedom of expression law where a similar chilling effect may also arise.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Dommering2017b,
title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 14 februari 2017 (Mein Kampf)},
author = {Dommering, E.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2017_259.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-18},
journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},
volume = {2017},
number = {28},
pages = {4119-4121},
abstract = {Verspreiding antiquarisch exemplaar Mein Kampf valt wel onder 137e 2e Sr, maar is niet strafbaar omdat de beperking in strijd komt met artikel 10 EVRM.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Bosch2016,
title = {Wifi-tracking in de winkel(straat): inbreuk op de privacy?},
author = {Bosch, B.F.E. and van Eijk, N.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PrivacyInformatie_2016_6.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-20},
journal = {Privacy & Informatie},
number = {6},
pages = {238-246},
abstract = {Tegenwoordig wordt de consument op steeds grotere schaal gevolgd via de wifi-signalen die smartphones uitzenden. Inzicht in hoe consumenten zich gedragen in een winkel levert commerci\"{e}le voordelen op voor de winkeliers, maar ook risico's voor de persoonlijke levenssfeer. Onder de Wet bescherming persoonsgegevens is gegevensverwerking via wifi-tracking toegestaan, mits wordt voldaan aan de strenge eisen die de wet stelt. Ter vergelijking wordt gekeken naar de regulering van wifi-tracking in de Verenigde Staten.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{Schulz2016,
title = {Human rights and encryption},
author = {Schulz, W. and van Hoboken, J. },
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/human_rights_and_encryption.pdf},
isbn = {9789231001857},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-01},
pages = {83 pp.},
publisher = {UNESCO Publishing},
series = {UNESCO Series on Internet Freedom},
abstract = {The study provides an overview of encryption technologies and their impact on human rights. It analyzes in-depth the role of encryption in the media and communications landscape, and the impact on different services, entities and end users. It highlights good practices and examines the legal environment surrounding encryption as well as various case studies of encryption policies. Built on this exploration and analysis, the research provides recommendations on encryption policy that are useful for various stakeholders. These include signaling the need to counter the lack of gender sensitivity in the current debate, and also highlighting ideas for enhancing “encryption literacy”.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 19 januari 2016 (Kalda / Estland)},
author = {van der Sloot, B.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1810},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-14},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases},
number = {6},
abstract = {
De zaak Kalda t. Estland betreft het recht op gedeeltelijke toegang tot het internet van een levenslang gestrafte gevangene. Het gaat hierbij met name om een drietal websites die toegang bieden tot wetgeving, juridische informatie en uitspraken (en vertalingen daarvan) van rechterlijke instanties. Het EHRM stelt in deze zaak dat een dergelijk recht inderdaad wordt beschermd door art. 10 EVRM. Alhoewel de beperking van dit recht in casu is voorgeschreven bij wet en een legitiem doel dient, acht het Hof deze niet noodzakelijk in een democratische samenleving.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{vanderSloot2016,
title = {The Practical and Theoretical Problems with 'Balancing': Delfi, Coty and the Redundancy of the Human Rights Framework},
author = {van der Sloot, B.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1811},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-07-14},
journal = {Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law},
number = {3},
pages = {439-459.},
abstract = {In the realm of privacy and data protection \textendash as in the fundamental rights framework in general \textendash balancing has become the standard approach for dealing with legal disputes. It comes, however, with a number of practical and theoretical problems. Th is article analyses those problems and compares the method of balancing with the original approach of most human rights frameworks, such as the European Convention on Human Rights. It does so by analysing two cases in detail: the European Court of Human Right’s case Delfi v. Estonia and the Court of Justice of the EU’s judgment Coty v. Stadtsparkasse. From this analysis, it follows that the concept of balancing signals a shift away from the deontological and towards a utilitarian understanding of fundamental rights. Th is is not only of theoretical importance, as it could also mean that in time, human rights frameworks as such might become redundant.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 11 maart 2014 (Jelsevar e.a./ Sloveni\"{e})},
author = {E.J. Dommering},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1770},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-05-13},
journal = {NJ},
number = {16/17},
abstract = {
Klacht naar aanleiding van roman waarin klagers hun familie en moeder herkenden. Afweging door nationale rechter tussen persoonlijkheidsrechten en artistieke vrijheid redelijk. Belang artistieke vrijheid en getuigenverklaringen. Kennelijk ongegrond en niet-ontvankelijk.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@book{,
title = {Bewerking 18e druk van Belinfante's 'Beginselen van het Nederlandse staatsrecht'},
author = {Dragstra, L. and Efthymiou, N. and Lange, R. de and Hins, A.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1749.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-30},
note = {
Deventer, Wolters Kluwer 2015.<br />
<br />
Leerboek voor eerstejaars studenten rechtsgeleerdheid.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@misc{,
title = {Is the Human Rights Framework Still Fit for the Big Data Era? A Discussion of the ECtHR's Case Law on Privacy Violations Arising from Surveillance Activities},
author = {van der Sloot, B.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1701.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-15},
abstract = {
Human rights protect humans. This seemingly uncontroversial axiom might become quintessential over time, especially with regard to the right to privacy. Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights grants natural persons> a right to complain, in order to protect their individual interests, such as those related to personal freedom, human dignity and individual autonomy. With Big Data processes, however, individuals are mostly unaware that their personal data are gathered and processed and even if they are, they are often unable to substantiate their specific individual interest in these large data gathering systems. When the European Court of Human Rights assesses these types of cases, mostly revolving around (mass) surveillance activities, it finds itself stuck between the human rights framework on the one hand and the desire to evaluate surveillance practices by states on the other. Interestingly, the Court chooses to deal with these cases under Article 8 ECHR, but in order to do so, it is forced to go beyond the fundamental pillars of the human rights framework.
},
note = {
In: S. Gutwirth et al. (eds.), <a href="http://www.springer.com/us/book/9789401773751#aboutBook" target="_blank"><em>Data Protection on the Move</em></a>, Law, Governance and Technology Series 24, 2016.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Onvoldoende waarborgen in het kader van national veiligheid},
author = {N.A.N.M. van Eijk and E.J. Dommering},
url = {http://njb.nl/highlights/onvoldoende-waarborgen-in-het-kader-van-nationale.18644.lynkx},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-10},
abstract = {
In Nederland is tot dusver in het politieke debat over het noodzakelijke onafhankelijke toezicht op de inlichtingen en veiligheidsdiensten het Europese recht genegeerd of verkeerd uitgelegd. Met het Europese recht bedoelen wij zowel het EU Handvest als het Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens. Dat is op grond van meerdere rechterlijke uitspraken niet langer mogelijk. 
},
note = {
Opinie op NJB blog, 9 december 2015.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{,
title = {Back to Black: justice.cn},
author = {Tsoutsanis, A.},
url = {http://ssrn.com/abstract=2667516},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-15},
journal = {Journal of Intellectual Property Law &amp; Practice},
number = {10},
pages = {725.},
abstract = {
This short - peer reviewed - article touches on innovation in China in the field of smart phones, recent legislative reform in China for fostering intellectual property and combating counterfeit and trade mark grabbing. It also touches on human rights in China, the different approach in which the West advances its economic v human rights agenda and the selective way Silicon Valley industry participates in grass roots debate on civil liberties. The article also touches on the 'right to seek counsel' as one of the fundamental rights, which many arrested lawyers in China were deprived of during the July 2015 arrests.
},
note = {
Editorial.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Sketching the outline of a ghost: the fair balance between copyright and fundamental rights in intermediary third party liability},
author = {C.J. Angelopoulos},
url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/info-05-2015-0028},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
journal = {Info},
number = {6},
pages = {72-96.},
note = {
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-05-2015-0028
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Regulating the new information intermediaries as gatekeepers of information diversity},
author = {K. Kleinen-von K\"{o}nigsl\"{o}w and Rob van der Noll and N. Helberger},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1618.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
journal = {Info},
number = {6},
pages = {50-71.},
note = {
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-05-2015-0034
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {UK Horserace Betting Right: at odds with EU law?},
author = {Van Rompuy, B. and Margoni, T.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1615.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-01},
journal = {European Intellectual Property Review},
number = {8},
pages = {479-483.},
abstract = {
About ten years after a previous initiative to replace the Horserace Betting Levy was abandoned following a judgment from the Court of Justice (CJ),1 the UK government announced that it will introduce a Horserace Betting Right and repeal the Levy that to date has cross-subsidised horseracing. In this comment, the authors warn that the implementation of a Betting Right could be problematic from an EU law perspective. The UK government, and any other interested EU legislator, should reconsider the opportunity of a specifically devised betting right.
},
note = {
Opinion.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {De zaak Kreuk versus Danh Vo},
author = {E.J. Dommering},
url = {http://www.egbertdommering.nl/?p=778},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-08-20},
abstract = {
Er is de laatste tijd veel publiciteit geweest over een proces dat de Nederlandse verzamelaar Bert Kreuk voor de Rechtbank Rotterdam tegen de van oorsprong Vietnamese kunstenaar Danh Vo heeft gevoerd. Kreuk stelt dat hij ter gelegenheid van de door het Haagse Gemeentemuseum in de tweede helft 2013 georganiseerde tentoonstelling uit zijn collectie met Danh Vo had afgesproken niet alleen dat deze een groot speciaal voor de tentoonstelling vervaardigd werk zou leveren, maar ook dat hij daarvan eigenaar zou worden. Het eerste had de Rechtbank al in een tussenvonnis van 23 juli 2014 bewezen geacht. Het tweede achtte de rechtbank, na door Kreuk naar voren gebrachte getuigen die bij de op 9 januari 2013 in het museum volgens hem gesloten deal aanwezig waren geweest te hebben gehoord, in het vonnis van 24 juni 2015 bewezen. Vervolgens zijn beide partijen in het openbaar ruzie gaan maken over dat laatste vonnis. Naar verluidt is er hoger beroep ingesteld. De zaak stelt principiële vragen over de relatie particuliere verzamelaar, openbaar museum en kunstenaar aan de orde waar ik een paar opmerkingen over wil maken, maar eerst nog even iets over de achtergrond en het vonnis van 24 juni 2015.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@techreport{,
title = {Ten standards for oversight and transparency of national intelligence services},
author = {Eskens, S. and van Daalen, O. and van Eijk, N.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1591.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-23},
institution = {Instituut voor Informatierecht},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 1 juli 2014 (A.B. / Zwitserland)},
author = {Hins, A.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1495.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-02-20},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases},
number = {9},
abstract = {
In Zwitserland was een journalist strafrechtelijk veroordeeld wegens het publiceren van gegevens uit een strafdossier. De kleinst mogelijke meerderheid van het EHRM acht diens klacht op grond van artikel 10 EVRM gegrond. Botsing van de persvrijheid met het recht op een eerlijk proces en met het recht op privacy van de verdachte.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@periodical{,
title = {Videokunst bekijkt u straks thuis op tv},
author = {E.J. Dommering},
url = {http://fd.nl/fd-outlook/1089620/videokunst-bekijkt-u-straks-thuis-op-tv},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-27},
journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad},
pages = {14.},
note = {
24 januari 2015.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {periodical}
}

@book{,
title = {Frameworks for Modeling Cognition and Decisions in Institutional Environments: A Data-Driven Approach},
author = {Vallb\'{e}, J.},
url = {http://www.springer.com/law/international/book/978-94-017-9426-8},
isbn = {9789401794268},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-13},
pages = {232 },
publisher = {Springer},
series = {Law, Governance and Technology Series},
abstract = {
This book deals with the theoretical, methodological, and empirical implications of bounded rationality in the operation of institutions. It focuses on decisions made under uncertainty, and presents a reliable strategy of knowledge acquisition for the design and implementation of decision-support systems. Based on the distinction between the inner and outer environment of decisions, the book explores both the cognitive mechanisms at work when actors decide, and the institutional mechanisms existing among and within organizations that make decisions fairly predictable.

While a great deal of work has been done on how organizations act as patterns of events for (boundedly) rational decisions, less effort has been devoted to study under which circumstances  organizations cease to act as such reliable mechanisms. Through an empirical strategy on open-ended response data from a survey among junior judges, the work pursues two main goals. The first one is to explore the limits of “institutional rationality” of the Spanish lower courts on-call service, an optimal scenario to observe decision-making under uncertainty. The second aim is to achieve a better understanding of the kind of uncertainty under which inexperienced decision-makers work. This entails exploring the demands imposed by problems and the knowledge needed to deal with them, making this book also a study on expertise achievement in institutional environments.

This book combines standard multivariate statistical methods with machine learning techniques such as multidimensional scaling and topic models, treating text as data. Doing so, the book contributes to the collaboration between empirical social scientific approaches and the community of scientists that provide the set of tools and methods to make sense of the fastest growing resource of our time: data.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@book{,
title = {Contract Law in Russia},
author = {M. Yefremova and J. Henderson and S.V. Yakovleva},
url = {http://www.hartpub.co.uk/BookDetails.aspx?ISBN=9781849462990},
isbn = {9781849462990},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-09},
pages = {326 pp.},
publisher = {Hart Publishing},
address = {Oxford},
abstract = {
The book explains Russian contract law in a form understandable to lawyers qualified in other countries, especially common law countries. The introduction gives a concise overview of the Russian legal system in general and contract law in particular as well as a brief insight into the history of contract law in Russia. Then the main concepts of Russian contract law are explained, using the conceptual framework of English contract law to make them accessible to someone not familiar with the codified Russian system.The book not only considers the legislation regulating Russian contractual relations but also includes appropriate case law to show how the legislation is interpreted. The focus is on contract law in Russia as it actually operates, rather than merely the legislative texts, so that it will be directly relevant to legal practitioners and others who wish to acquire knowledge of the practical application of an important element of the Russian legal system, as well as those seeking an insight into the realities of codified law in action. The target readership therefore includes legal practitioners who have to deal with Russian law, academics and students with an interest in Russian law, the law of contract and comparative civil law, as well as scholars of comparative legal systems and Russian area studies.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@article{,
title = {De Monroe Price Moot Court Competition: een pleidooi},
author = {W.F. Korthals Altes},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1522.pdf},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-02},
journal = {Mediaforum},
number = {1},
pages = {20-21.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Any Colour You Like: the History (and Future?) of E.U. Communications Security Policy},
author = {Arnbak, A.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1421.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-10-14},
abstract = {
This descriptive legal analysis maps and evaluates a four decade legacy of communications security conceptualizations in E.U. law and policy, including four legislative proposals launched in 2013. As the first comprehensive historical analysis of its kind, the paper forwards a range of new scientific contributions in a time secure electronic communications are of historically unparalleled societal, economic and political relevance. Five communications security policy cycles are identified, and their ‘security’ definitions and scope are described. These cycles are: network and information security, data protection, telecommunications, encryption and cybercrime. An evaluation of the current E.U. ‘security’ conceptualizations illuminates the underlying values at stake, the protection offered in current regulations, the formulation of six research themes and an agenda for computer science, political theory and legal research. Despite constitutional values at stake such as privacy and communications freedom and a robust computer science literature, the paper observes a deep lack of conceptual clarity and coherence in E.U. security policymaking. It then concludes that the observed conceptual ambiguity has allowed powerful stakeholders to capture, or paint E.U. network and information security policies in any colour they like.
},
note = {
Draft paper prepared for IViR/Berkman Roundtable - 18 April 2014 - Last update July 28, 2014.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}

@periodical{,
title = {Jurist zelden betrokken},
author = {A. Tsoutsanis},
url = {http://ssrn.com/abstract=2457775},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-07-18},
journal = {NRC Handelsblad},
pages = {18},
abstract = {
Ingezonden brief in NRC over het gebrek aan zichtbaarheid van de rechtswetenschappen in het debat over de hervorming van het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek in Nederland.
},
note = {
17 juni 2014.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {periodical}
}

@misc{,
title = {Delegation to independent regulatory authorities in the media sector: A paradigm shift through the lens of regulatory theory},
author = {K. Irion},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Radu_2013.pdf},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-09},
booktitle = {The Independence of the Media and Its Regulatory Agencies. Shedding New Light on Formal and Actual },
pages = {15-54},
publisher = {Intellect},
address = {Bristol UK/ Chicago USA},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 9 februari 2012 (Vejdeland / Sweden)},
author = {Nieuwenhuis, A.},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-03-28},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases},
number = {5},
pages = {1062-1069},
note = {
<a href="http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-114416"><span style="color:#b22222;">Uitspraak</span></a>
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{,
title = {The protection of artistic expression under article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights},
author = {A.J. Nieuwenhuis},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/393.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-03-28},
journal = {Kunst und Recht},
number = {3/4},
pages = {110-116},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 13 juli 2012 (Mouvement Ra\"{e}lien / Suisse)},
author = {A.J. Nieuwenhuis},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2012_10.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-03-28},
journal = {European Human Rights Cases},
number = {10},
pages = {2334-2372},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Een (verdere) civilisering van het strafproces},
author = {W.F. Korthals Altes},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1510.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-02-01},
journal = {NJB},
number = {5},
pages = {303-305},
note = {
Opinie.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Publicity Rights and Image},
author = {E.J. Dommering},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2012_11_12.pdf},
isbn = {ISBN 9781849460545},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-12-07},
journal = {Mediaforum},
pages = { p. 346-347},
publisher = {Hart Publishing},
address = {Oxford},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Mag je alles op internet beweren waar je zin in hebt?,},
url = {http://njblog.nl/2012/11/22/de-uitspraak-mag-je-alles-op-internet-beweren-waar-je-zin-in-hebt/},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-11-22},
journal = {NJB},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {De cli\"{e}nt is altijd in de minderheid},
author = {E.J. Dommering},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/De_client_is_altijd_in_de_%20minderheid.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-11-01},
address = {Amsterdam},
note = {
Dankwoord bij de uitreiking van de Amsterdamse Dekenprijs 2012, 31 oktober 2012.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}

@misc{,
title = {Ons wrakingssysteem moet overboord: Een voorstel voor verandering},
author = {W.F. Korthals Altes},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1512.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-09-07},
journal = {NJB},
number = {30},
pages = {2131-2132},
note = {
Opinie.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{,
title = {Morele kortsluiting},
author = {E.J. Dommering},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/DeGroeneAmsterdammer_01082012.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-08-07},
journal = {De Groene Amsterdammer},
pages = {1-10},
note = {
1 augustus 2012
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@book{,
title = {Bewerking van Beginselen van het Nederlandse staatsrecht},
author = {Dragstra, L. and Efthymiou, N. and Lange, R. de and Hins, A.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/795.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-03-29},
publisher = {Kluwer},
address = {Deventer},
edition = {17e druk},
abstract = {
Leerboek voor eerstejaars studenten rechtsgeleerdheid
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}