The European Harmonisation of Intermediairy Civil Liability for Online Copyright Infringement
With the adoption and subsequent national implementation of the E-Commerce Directive’s safe harbour regime, the architecture set up for intermediary liability in Europe has become two-tiered: at a first stage, it is necessary to examine whether a given intermediary attracts, in its pursuit of a certain activity, civil liability according to the standards ensconced in the Member States’ legislation and only then, in the second instance, must the inapplicability of any immunity be established. As a result, although it provides a veneer of approximation by immunising intermediaries under certain circumscribed conditions, the Directive does not harmonise the underlying substantive liability norms which determine whether the safe harbours will be necessary or redundant. This leaves ample room for national divergences, particularly as concerns new types of intermediaries whose eligibility for the existing safe harbours is uncertain.
This PhD research seeks to explore the liability in Europe of online intermediaries for secondary or indirect copyright infringement, i.e. where the material act of infringement is committed by a third party, regardless of the applicability of the safe harbour regime. It will therefore begin with an investigation of the current law relating to intermediary liability for copyright infringement in the legal jurisdictions of England, France and Germany, these three jurisdictions representing each of the three major European extra-contractual liability traditions. The relationship between these rules and national substantive tort principles in the selected countries will subsequently be examined. This shall be done with a view to uncovering common European tort principles that can potentially lead the way to a harmonised, clear and comprehensive European liability regime of intermediaries for copyright infringement.
Publicaties
| Mil, J. van Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 23 mei 2019 Computerrecht, 2019 (4), pp. 267-273, 2019. @article{Mil2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 23 mei 2019 }, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_CR_2019_4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-19}, journal = {Computerrecht}, volume = {2019}, number = {4}, pages = {267-273}, abstract = {De rechtbank bakent de omvang van het inzagerecht af in overeenstemming met eerdere jurisprudentie, waarmee zij verwerkingsverantwoordelijke handvatten biedt voor die gevallen waarin zij zich geconfronteerd ziet met inzageverzoeken.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De rechtbank bakent de omvang van het inzagerecht af in overeenstemming met eerdere jurisprudentie, waarmee zij verwerkingsverantwoordelijke handvatten biedt voor die gevallen waarin zij zich geconfronteerd ziet met inzageverzoeken. |
| Bountouridis, D., Harambam, J., Makhortykh, M., van Hoboken, J. RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, pp. 69-77, 2019. @article{Harambam2019b, title = {Designing for the Better by Taking Users into Account: A Qualitative Evaluation of User Control Mechanisms in (News) Recommender Systems}, author = {Harambam, J. and Bountouridis, D. and Makhortykh, M. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_recsys_19.pdf https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3347014}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-19}, journal = {RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems}, pages = {69-77}, abstract = {Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Neighbouring Rights are Obsolete IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019f, title = {Neighbouring Rights are Obsolete}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IIC_2019.pdf}, doi = {10.1007/s40319-019-00864-3}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-03}, journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law}, abstract = {Neighbouring rights based on technological investment that do not provide for a threshold test and corresponding rule of scope, such as the phonographic right, the broadcaster’s right and Europe’s film producer’s right, are outdated and inherently unbalanced. The new press publisher’s right introduced by the EU DSM Directive is similarly unbalanced.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Neighbouring rights based on technological investment that do not provide for a threshold test and corresponding rule of scope, such as the phonographic right, the broadcaster’s right and Europe’s film producer’s right, are outdated and inherently unbalanced. The new press publisher’s right introduced by the EU DSM Directive is similarly unbalanced. |
| van Gompel, S. Patent Abolition: A Real-Life Historical Case Study American University International Law Review, 34 (4), pp. 877-922, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019f, title = {Patent Abolition: A Real-Life Historical Case Study}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AUILR_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-23}, journal = {American University International Law Review}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {877-922}, abstract = {Over time, patent abolition has been the subject of fierce academic debate. However, no country in the world has ever abolished patents, except for one. Between 1869 and 1912, the Netherlands officially abandoned patents. This unique case is often mentioned in the literature on patent abolition, but the accounts drawn up so far present an incomplete and somewhat obscure image of the motives behind the decision of the Dutch government to eliminate patents. This paper fills this gap by conducting a full analysis of the various \textendash legal, economic, practical, and political \textendash arguments that have inspired the Dutch to abolish patents. By so doing, it sketches a striking picture of the circumstances that gave rise to the exceptional Dutch case. Translating this to today’s reality, which is so entirely different, it seems unlikely that we will soon witness another case where all the necessary ingredients will so neatly coincide as they did in the Netherlands in the late 1860s. Therefore, another real-life example of a developed country abolishing patents appears far away.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over time, patent abolition has been the subject of fierce academic debate. However, no country in the world has ever abolished patents, except for one. Between 1869 and 1912, the Netherlands officially abandoned patents. This unique case is often mentioned in the literature on patent abolition, but the accounts drawn up so far present an incomplete and somewhat obscure image of the motives behind the decision of the Dutch government to eliminate patents. This paper fills this gap by conducting a full analysis of the various – legal, economic, practical, and political – arguments that have inspired the Dutch to abolish patents. By so doing, it sketches a striking picture of the circumstances that gave rise to the exceptional Dutch case. Translating this to today’s reality, which is so entirely different, it seems unlikely that we will soon witness another case where all the necessary ingredients will so neatly coincide as they did in the Netherlands in the late 1860s. Therefore, another real-life example of a developed country abolishing patents appears far away. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (33/34), pp. 4691-4693, 2019. @article{Dommering2019d, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_293.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-22}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {33/34}, pages = {4691-4693}, abstract = {Wanneer is de pers aansprakelijk voor de inhoud van de informatie op een site waarnaar in de berichtgeving een hyperlink is geplaatst.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Wanneer is de pers aansprakelijk voor de inhoud van de informatie op een site waarnaar in de berichtgeving een hyperlink is geplaatst. |
| Hins, A. Book review of Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression in the EU Common Market Law Review, 56 (4), pp. 1154-1155, 2019. @article{Hins2019b, title = {Book review of Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression in the EU}, author = {Hins, A.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-22}, journal = {Common Market Law Review}, volume = {56}, number = {4}, pages = {1154-1155}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J. The Decline of Online Piracy: How Markets - Not Enforcement - Drive Down Copyright Infringement American University International Law Review, 34 (4), pp. 807-876, 2019. @article{Quintais2019f, title = {The Decline of Online Piracy: How Markets - Not Enforcement - Drive Down Copyright Infringement}, author = {Quintais, J. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3437239}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-20}, journal = {American University International Law Review}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {807-876}, abstract = {This article deals with the acquisition and consumption of music, films, series, books, and games through the various legal and illegal channels that exist nowadays, in a set of thirteen countries across the globe. The article has four aims. First, it provides an overview of the rules on liability for and enforcement of online copyright infringement in the countries studied. Second, it gives factual information about the state of authorized and unauthorized acquisition and consumption of these types of content. The third aim is to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the link with enforcement measures and legal supply. Lastly, the article assesses the effect of online piracy on consumption from legal sources. To further these aims, the article combines different sources and empirical methods, including consumer surveys among nearly 35.000 respondents and comparative legal research. Our main conclusion is that online piracy is declining. The key driver for this decline is the increasing availability of affordable legal content, rather than enforcement measures. Where the legal supply of copyright-protected content is affordable, convenient and diverse, consumers are willing to pay for it and abandon piracy. Policymakers should therefore shift their focus from repressive approaches to tackle online infringement towards policies and measures that foster lawful remunerated access to copyright-protected content.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article deals with the acquisition and consumption of music, films, series, books, and games through the various legal and illegal channels that exist nowadays, in a set of thirteen countries across the globe. The article has four aims. First, it provides an overview of the rules on liability for and enforcement of online copyright infringement in the countries studied. Second, it gives factual information about the state of authorized and unauthorized acquisition and consumption of these types of content. The third aim is to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the link with enforcement measures and legal supply. Lastly, the article assesses the effect of online piracy on consumption from legal sources. To further these aims, the article combines different sources and empirical methods, including consumer surveys among nearly 35.000 respondents and comparative legal research. Our main conclusion is that online piracy is declining. The key driver for this decline is the increasing availability of affordable legal content, rather than enforcement measures. Where the legal supply of copyright-protected content is affordable, convenient and diverse, consumers are willing to pay for it and abandon piracy. Policymakers should therefore shift their focus from repressive approaches to tackle online infringement towards policies and measures that foster lawful remunerated access to copyright-protected content. |
| McGonagle, T. Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’ 2019. @article{McGonagle2019g, title = {Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CM-Rec20164-Infographic.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-07}, abstract = {The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation. |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. , 2019, ISBN: 9789279930027, (A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.). @techreport{vanHoboken2019b, title = {Hosting intermediary services and illegal content online: An analysis of the scope of article 14 ECD in light of developments in the online service landscape}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/hosting_intermediary_services.pdf}, doi = {10.2759/284542}, isbn = {9789279930027}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-06}, volume = {2018}, publisher = {European Union}, abstract = {This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments. }, note = {A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments. |
| Kabel, J. Het prinsesje op de erwt en de tovenaarsleerling Privacy & Informatie, 22 (3), pp. 89-90, 2019, (Redactioneel). @article{Kabel2019c, title = {Het prinsesje op de erwt en de tovenaarsleerling}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PI_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-30}, journal = {Privacy & Informatie}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {89-90}, note = {Redactioneel}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Kabel, J. AMI, 2019 (3), pp. 96-99, 2019. @article{Kabel2019b, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 29 maart 2019 (Dijkstra / De 4 Jaargetijden): Is artikel 25 Aw nu eindelijk helemaal af?}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-26}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {96-99}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The New Copyright Directive: Text and Data Mining (Articles 3 and 4) Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019e, title = {The New Copyright Directive: Text and Data Mining (Articles 3 and 4)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/07/24/the-new-copyright-directive-text-and-data-mining-articles-3-and-4/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-25}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Quintais, J. The New Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: A Critical Look European Intellectual Property Review, Forthcoming. @article{Quintais2019e, title = {The New Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: A Critical Look}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3424770}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-25}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, abstract = {On 17 May 2019 the official version of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was published. This marks the end of a controversial legislative process at EU level. It also marks the beginning of what will surely be a contentious process of national implementation. This article provides an overview and critical examination of the new Directive. It argues that what started as a legislative instrument to promote the digital single market turned into an industry policy tool, shaped more by effective lobbying than evidence and expertise. The result is a flawed piece of legislation. Despite some positive aspects, the Directive includes multiple problematic provisions, including the controversial new right for press publishers and the new liability regime for content-sharing platforms. On balance, the Directive denotes a normative preference for private ordering over public choice in EU copyright law, and lacks adequate safeguards for users. It is also a complex text with multiple ambiguities, which will likely fail promote the desired harmonization and legal certainty in this area.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } On 17 May 2019 the official version of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was published. This marks the end of a controversial legislative process at EU level. It also marks the beginning of what will surely be a contentious process of national implementation. This article provides an overview and critical examination of the new Directive. It argues that what started as a legislative instrument to promote the digital single market turned into an industry policy tool, shaped more by effective lobbying than evidence and expertise. The result is a flawed piece of legislation. Despite some positive aspects, the Directive includes multiple problematic provisions, including the controversial new right for press publishers and the new liability regime for content-sharing platforms. On balance, the Directive denotes a normative preference for private ordering over public choice in EU copyright law, and lacks adequate safeguards for users. It is also a complex text with multiple ambiguities, which will likely fail promote the desired harmonization and legal certainty in this area. |
| Kostić, B., McGonagle, T. How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM European Yearbook of Minority Issues, 16 (1), pp. 3-33, 2019. @article{Kosti\'{c}2019, title = {How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM}, author = {Kosti\'{c}, B. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/journals/ymio/16/1/article-p1_2.xml}, doi = {10.1163/22116117_01601002}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {European Yearbook of Minority Issues}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {3-33}, abstract = {Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues. |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Prijsdiscriminatie, privacy en publieke opinie Ars Aequi, 2019 , pp. 580-590, 2019. @article{Poort2019c, title = {Prijsdiscriminatie, privacy en publieke opinie}, author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, pages = {580-590}, abstract = {Webwinkels zijn technisch in staat om elke consument een andere prijs aan te bieden: online prijsdiscriminatie. Dit artikel bespreekt twee enqu\^{e}tes over dergelijke praktijken die zijn gehouden onder de Nederlandse bevolking en onderzoekt de implicaties van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) voor online prijsdiscriminatie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Webwinkels zijn technisch in staat om elke consument een andere prijs aan te bieden: online prijsdiscriminatie. Dit artikel bespreekt twee enquêtes over dergelijke praktijken die zijn gehouden onder de Nederlandse bevolking en onderzoekt de implicaties van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) voor online prijsdiscriminatie. |
| Helberger, N., Makhortykh, M., Möller, J. Filter bubbles in the Netherlands 2019, (Report commissioned by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media)). @techreport{M\"{o}ller2019b, title = {Filter bubbles in the Netherlands}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Filter-bubbles-in-the-Netherlands.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, urldate = {2019-06-28}, abstract = {The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands?}, note = {Report commissioned by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands? |
| Giannopoulou, A. The New Copyright Directive: Article 14 or when the Public Domain Enters the New Copyright Directive Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Giannopoulou2019b, title = {The New Copyright Directive: Article 14 or when the Public Domain Enters the New Copyright Directive }, author = {Giannopoulou, A.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/27/the-new-copyright-directive-article-14-or-when-the-public-domain-enters-the-new-copyright-directive/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N. On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders Digital Journalism, 2019. @article{Helberger2019b, title = {On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders}, author = {Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/On-the-Democratic-Role-of-News-Recommenders.pdf}, doi = {10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, urldate = {2019-06-28}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, abstract = {Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’. |
| Albrecht, Y., Bockxmeer, H. van, Dibbits, T., Helberger, N., Kasem, I., Oudeman, M., Vanseveren, W., Vermeir, L. Samen voor het publiek belang. Evaluatierapport NPO 2013 t/m 2017 2019. @techreport{Oudeman2019, title = {Samen voor het publiek belang. Evaluatierapport NPO 2013 t/m 2017}, author = {Oudeman, M. and Albrecht, Y. and Bockxmeer, H. van and Dibbits, T. and Helberger, N. and Kasem, I. and Vanseveren, W. and Vermeir, L.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/evaluatie_rapport-visitatiecommissie_npo.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, abstract = {In september 2018 is, in opdracht van de raad van toezicht, de evaluatiecommissie Nederlandse Publieke Omroep gestart met haar evaluatie van de prestaties van de NPO in de periode 2013 t/m 2017, inclusief de beantwoording van de vraag naar de slagvaardigheid van de NPO. De evaluatieperiode beslaat dus een periode v\'{o}\'{o}r de wetswijziging van 2016 en een periode erna, waarin sprake was van aangescherpte rollen en bevoegdheden voor de raad van bestuur en de raad van toezicht van de NPO. Dit rapport is de weerslag van onze bevindingen. Daarnaast heeft de commissie een aantal aanbevelingen toegevoegd waarmee zij een bijdrage hoopt te leveren aan de NPO in de toekomst. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In september 2018 is, in opdracht van de raad van toezicht, de evaluatiecommissie Nederlandse Publieke Omroep gestart met haar evaluatie van de prestaties van de NPO in de periode 2013 t/m 2017, inclusief de beantwoording van de vraag naar de slagvaardigheid van de NPO. De evaluatieperiode beslaat dus een periode vóór de wetswijziging van 2016 en een periode erna, waarin sprake was van aangescherpte rollen en bevoegdheden voor de raad van bestuur en de raad van toezicht van de NPO. Dit rapport is de weerslag van onze bevindingen. Daarnaast heeft de commissie een aantal aanbevelingen toegevoegd waarmee zij een bijdrage hoopt te leveren aan de NPO in de toekomst. |
| van Gompel, S. C. op den Kamp & D. Hunter, (Ed.): A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects, 2019 , Chapter 12, pp. 104-111, Cambridge University Press, 2019, ISBN: 9781108325806. @inbook{vanGompel2019e, title = {Light Bulb}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, editor = {C. op den Kamp & D. Hunter, }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Light_Bulb.pdf}, doi = {10.1017/9781108325806}, isbn = {9781108325806}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-26}, urldate = {2019-06-26}, booktitle = {A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects}, volume = {2019}, pages = {104-111}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, chapter = {12}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Article 10 ECHR and Expressive Conduct Communications Law, 24 (2), pp. 62-73, 2019, (Pre-print). @article{Fahy2019bb, title = {Article 10 ECHR and Expressive Conduct}, author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Communications_Law_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-25}, journal = {Communications Law}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {62-73}, abstract = {The European Court of Human Rights has recently delivered a series of judgments finding violations of the right to freedom of expression over convictions for engaging in expressive conduct. The purpose of this article is to discuss the European Court's recent case law on expressive conduct under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular to assess in what circumstances, if any, domestic courts may impose prison sentences, even if suspended, on individuals engaging in peaceful, but provocative and offensive expression.}, note = {Pre-print}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The European Court of Human Rights has recently delivered a series of judgments finding violations of the right to freedom of expression over convictions for engaging in expressive conduct. The purpose of this article is to discuss the European Court's recent case law on expressive conduct under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular to assess in what circumstances, if any, domestic courts may impose prison sentences, even if suspended, on individuals engaging in peaceful, but provocative and offensive expression. |
| Bodó, B., Handke, C.W., Quintais, J., Vallbé, J. Knocking on Heaven’s Door: User preferences on digital cultural distribution Internet Policy Review, 8 (2), 2019. @article{Vallb\'{e}2019, title = {Knocking on Heaven’s Door: User preferences on digital cultural distribution}, author = {Vallb\'{e}, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Quintais, J. and Handke, C.W.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/knocking-heavens-door-user-preferences-digital-cultural-distribution}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, abstract = {This paper explores the social, demographic and attitudinal basis of consumer support of a Copyright Compensation System (CCS), which, for a small monthly fee would legalise currently infringing online social practices such as private copying from illegal sources and online sharing of copyrighted works. We do this by first identifying how different online and offline, legal and illegal, free and paying content acquisition channels are used in the media market using a cluster-based classification of respondents. Second, we assess the effect of cultural consumption on the support for a shift from the status quo towards alternative, CCS-based forms of digital cultural content distribution. Finally, we link these two analyses to identify the factors that drive the dynamics of change in digital cultural consumption habits. Our study shows significant support to a CCS compared to the status quo by both occasional and frequent buyers of cultural goods, despite the widespread adoption of legal free and paying online services by consumers. The nature of these preferences are also explored with the inclusion of consumer preference intensities regarding certain CCS attributes. Our results have relevant policy implications, for they outline CCS as a reform option. In particular, they point evidence-based copyright reform away from its current direction in the EU of stronger enforcement measures, additional exclusive rights, and increased liability and duties of care for online platforms. This work shows that CCS may be an apt policy tool to hinder piracy and potentially increase right holder revenues, while respecting fundamental rights and promoting technological development.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper explores the social, demographic and attitudinal basis of consumer support of a Copyright Compensation System (CCS), which, for a small monthly fee would legalise currently infringing online social practices such as private copying from illegal sources and online sharing of copyrighted works. We do this by first identifying how different online and offline, legal and illegal, free and paying content acquisition channels are used in the media market using a cluster-based classification of respondents. Second, we assess the effect of cultural consumption on the support for a shift from the status quo towards alternative, CCS-based forms of digital cultural content distribution. Finally, we link these two analyses to identify the factors that drive the dynamics of change in digital cultural consumption habits. Our study shows significant support to a CCS compared to the status quo by both occasional and frequent buyers of cultural goods, despite the widespread adoption of legal free and paying online services by consumers. The nature of these preferences are also explored with the inclusion of consumer preference intensities regarding certain CCS attributes. Our results have relevant policy implications, for they outline CCS as a reform option. In particular, they point evidence-based copyright reform away from its current direction in the EU of stronger enforcement measures, additional exclusive rights, and increased liability and duties of care for online platforms. This work shows that CCS may be an apt policy tool to hinder piracy and potentially increase right holder revenues, while respecting fundamental rights and promoting technological development. |
| Bodó, B. Digital Journalism, 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019d, title = {Selling News to Audiences \textendash A Qualitative Inquiry into the Emerging Logics of Algorithmic News Personalization in European Quality News Media}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2019.1624185}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, abstract = {How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 26 juni 2018 Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (25), pp. 3503-3504, 2019. @article{Dommering2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 26 juni 2018 }, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_214.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {25}, pages = {3503-3504}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019d, title = {The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon \textendash Part II (of press publishers, upload filters and the real value gap)}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/17/the-new-copyright-directive-a-tour-dhorizon-part-ii-of-press-publishers-upload-filters-and-the-real-value-gap/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-18}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R. The Chilling Effect of Turkey’s Article 301 Insult Law European Human Rights Law Review , 2019 (3), pp. 298-308, 2019. @article{Fahy2019b, title = {The Chilling Effect of Turkey’s Article 301 Insult Law}, author = {Fahy, R.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-14}, journal = {European Human Rights Law Review }, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {298-308}, abstract = {This article discusses how the approach of the European Court of Human Rights has evolved in seeking to protect freedom of expression from the chilling effect of Turkey’s controversial Article 301 insult law. The article reveals the early reluctance within the Court in finding that the law’s provisions were incompatible with freedom of expression, and yet, the analysis now demonstrates how the Court’s concern for the chilling effect has led the Court to two adopt notable approaches: first, the Court permitting applicants to argue that the law, in and of itself, violates the European Convention on Human Rights, even where an applicant has not been convicted, nor even prosecuted under the law; and second, the Court’s application of its rarely-used competence under Article 46 of the European Convention, finding that amending Article 301 would “constitute an appropriate form of execution” of the Court’s judgment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article discusses how the approach of the European Court of Human Rights has evolved in seeking to protect freedom of expression from the chilling effect of Turkey’s controversial Article 301 insult law. The article reveals the early reluctance within the Court in finding that the law’s provisions were incompatible with freedom of expression, and yet, the analysis now demonstrates how the Court’s concern for the chilling effect has led the Court to two adopt notable approaches: first, the Court permitting applicants to argue that the law, in and of itself, violates the European Convention on Human Rights, even where an applicant has not been convicted, nor even prosecuted under the law; and second, the Court’s application of its rarely-used competence under Article 46 of the European Convention, finding that amending Article 301 would “constitute an appropriate form of execution” of the Court’s judgment. |
| Dommering, E. De Europese informatierechtsorde deLex, 2019, ISBN: 9789086920716 . @book{Dommering2019b, title = {De Europese informatierechtsorde}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.delex.nl/shop/boeken/de-europese-informatierechtsorde}, isbn = {9789086920716 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-11}, volume = {2019}, publisher = {deLex}, abstract = {Onze samenleving is in de laatste tien jaar in hoog tempo veranderd in een door data, digitalisering en kunstmatige intelligentie gedreven omwenteling. Op de informatiemarkt zijn de sociale media, zoekmachines en Apps de grootste ondernemingen geworden. Zij sturen op de persoon gerichte reclameboodschappen op de consument af. Maar ook de overheid gebruikt steeds meer data om macht uit te oefenen. Persoonsgegevens zijn het nieuwe sturingsmechanisme van een ge\"{i}ndividualiseerde samenleving. Het internet groeit in aansluitingsdichtheid en capaciteit. Het schept de voorwaarden voor communicatie die geen scherpe scheiding meer maakt tussen openbaar en priv\'{e}. Klassieke media, sociale en politieke organisaties zijn niet verdwenen, maar worstelen met de uitstroom van gebruikers en leden die zich steeds meer individueel of in informele verbanden organiseren. Voor het informatierecht betekent dit dat de klassieke modellen voor vrijheid van meningsuiting, auteursrecht, privacy en media- en telecommunicatierecht niet meer voldoen. Deze rechtsgebieden zijn ook steeds meer met elkaar verknoopt geraakt. Is een dataverzameling herleidbaar tot personen, free flow of information of eigendom? Wie is er verantwoordelijk voor de informatieboodschap? Het zijn vragen die tegelijkertijd om een antwoord vragen. Dit boek schetst aan de hand van de rechtspraak (een kleine driehonderd nationale en Europese uitspraken), de belangrijkste nationale en Europese wetswijzigingen en de belangrijkste discussies in de vakliteratuur van de laatste tien jaar, hoe deze verandering een heel rechtsgebied op zijn kop heeft gezet. Het laat zien hoe de mythe van cyberspace heeft plaats gemaakt voor een nieuw fenomeen. Dat is de wederzijdse doordringing van de elektronische media en de sociale werkelijkheid. Of het nu gaat om het spelletje Pok\'{e}mon of de opstand van de gele hesjes. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Onze samenleving is in de laatste tien jaar in hoog tempo veranderd in een door data, digitalisering en kunstmatige intelligentie gedreven omwenteling. Op de informatiemarkt zijn de sociale media, zoekmachines en Apps de grootste ondernemingen geworden. Zij sturen op de persoon gerichte reclameboodschappen op de consument af. Maar ook de overheid gebruikt steeds meer data om macht uit te oefenen. Persoonsgegevens zijn het nieuwe sturingsmechanisme van een geïndividualiseerde samenleving. Het internet groeit in aansluitingsdichtheid en capaciteit. Het schept de voorwaarden voor communicatie die geen scherpe scheiding meer maakt tussen openbaar en privé. Klassieke media, sociale en politieke organisaties zijn niet verdwenen, maar worstelen met de uitstroom van gebruikers en leden die zich steeds meer individueel of in informele verbanden organiseren. Voor het informatierecht betekent dit dat de klassieke modellen voor vrijheid van meningsuiting, auteursrecht, privacy en media- en telecommunicatierecht niet meer voldoen. Deze rechtsgebieden zijn ook steeds meer met elkaar verknoopt geraakt. Is een dataverzameling herleidbaar tot personen, free flow of information of eigendom? Wie is er verantwoordelijk voor de informatieboodschap? Het zijn vragen die tegelijkertijd om een antwoord vragen. Dit boek schetst aan de hand van de rechtspraak (een kleine driehonderd nationale en Europese uitspraken), de belangrijkste nationale en Europese wetswijzigingen en de belangrijkste discussies in de vakliteratuur van de laatste tien jaar, hoe deze verandering een heel rechtsgebied op zijn kop heeft gezet. Het laat zien hoe de mythe van cyberspace heeft plaats gemaakt voor een nieuw fenomeen. Dat is de wederzijdse doordringing van de elektronische media en de sociale werkelijkheid. Of het nu gaat om het spelletje Pokémon of de opstand van de gele hesjes. |
| Quintais, J. The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon – Part I Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019c, title = {The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon \textendash Part I}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/07/the-new-copyright-directive-a-tour-dhorizon-part-i/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2019 (151), pp. 8866-8867, 2019. @article{vanEijk2019b, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_151.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-06}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, number = {151}, pages = {8866-8867}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Drunen, M. van, Helberger, N., Leerssen, P. Germany proposes Europe's first diversity rules for social media platforms LSE Media Policy Project Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Helberger2019, title = {Germany proposes Europe's first diversity rules for social media platforms}, author = {Helberger, N. and Leerssen, P. and Drunen, M. van}, url = {https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mediapolicyproject/2019/05/29/germany-proposes-europes-first-diversity-rules-for-social-media-platforms/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-06}, journal = {LSE Media Policy Project Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 6 oktober 2017 (Imation / Thuiskopie en Staat) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2019 (21/22), pp. 3068-3070, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019d, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 6 oktober 2017 (Imation / Thuiskopie en Staat)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_182.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-04}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2019}, number = {21/22}, pages = {3068-3070}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Harambam, J. Overwegingen en advies vaccinatieproblematiek vanuit een antropologisch perspectief 2019 , pp. 39-42, 2019, (In: Hoe nu verder met de vaccinatietwijfel?: Tien adviezen aan Staatssecretaris Paul Blokhuis, red. Roland Pierik, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2019. ISBN 9789090317144.). @inbook{Harambam2019, title = {Overwegingen en advies vaccinatieproblematiek vanuit een antropologisch perspectief}, author = {Harambam, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/vaccinatieproblematiek.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, volume = {2019}, pages = {39-42}, note = {In: Hoe nu verder met de vaccinatietwijfel?: Tien adviezen aan Staatssecretaris Paul Blokhuis, red. Roland Pierik, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2019. ISBN 9789090317144.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Kabel, J. Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 27 november 2018 (Nomenta / Nikki) AMI, 2019 (2), pp. 72, 2019. @article{Kabel2019, title = {Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 27 november 2018 (Nomenta / Nikki)}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_2.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {2}, pages = {72}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 12 december 2018 (FPI Ghana / Koas c.s.) AMI, 2019 (2), pp. 73-74, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019e, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 12 december 2018 (FPI Ghana / Koas c.s.)}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_2_p73.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {2}, pages = {73-74}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Gervais, D.J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Gervais2019b, title = {Can Machines be Authors?}, author = {Gervais, D.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/05/21/can-machines-be-authors/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-23}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N., Makhortykh, M., Möller, J. 2019, (Rapport in opdracht van het Commissariaat voor de Media.). @techreport{M\"{o}ller2019, title = {Filterbubbels in Nederland}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Filterbubbels-in-Nederland.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, abstract = {The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands?}, note = {Rapport in opdracht van het Commissariaat voor de Media.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands? |
| van Daalen, O. 2019, (Opinie in de Volkskrant). @article{vanDaalen2019, title = {\'{O}\'{o}k soft- en hardware die niet uit China komen zijn notoir onveilig. Hacken is het probleem, niet Huawei}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/ook-soft-en-hardware-die-niet-uit-china-komen-zijn-notoir-onveilig-hacken-is-het-probleem-niet-huawei~b675fc66/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, note = {Opinie in de Volkskrant}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T., Volgenant, O. 2019. @article{Volgenant2019, title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2018}, author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Persvrijheidsmonitor_2018.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 10 januari 2019 (Khadija Ismayilova / Azerbeidzjan) European Human Rights Cases, 2019 (5), pp. 257-260, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019e, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 10 januari 2019 (Khadija Ismayilova / Azerbeidzjan)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_5_86.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {257-260}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Buivids) European Human Rights Cases, 2019 (5), pp. 253-255, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019f, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Buivids)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_5_84.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {253-255}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Hoboken, J. 2019. @article{vanHoboken2019, title = {The Proposed EU Terrorism Content Regulation: Analysis and Recommendations with Respect to Freedom of Expression Implications}, author = {van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TERREG_FoE-ANALYSIS.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, abstract = {Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression |
| Heller, B., van Hoboken, J. Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Summary of United States and European Law 2019. @article{Heller2019, title = {Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Summary of United States and European Law}, author = {Heller, B. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TWG_Freedom_of_Expression.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, abstract = {Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression |
| Jütte, B., Quintais, J. Advocate General Turns down the Music - Sampling Is Not a Fundamental Right under EU Copyright Law European Intellectual Property Review (forthcoming), 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019, title = { Advocate General Turns down the Music - Sampling Is Not a Fundamental Right under EU Copyright Law}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3377205}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review (forthcoming)}, abstract = {In his Opinion in Pelham (C-467/17) Advocate General Szpunar suggests that the use of samples from sound recordings is not permitted under the European copyright rules. While applying an extensive interpretation of the scope of the rights of phonogram producers, he rejects an extensive interpretation of the quotation exception and limits the role of fundamental rights as external checks to copyright law. Despite its merits, there are key aspects of the Opinion that raise concerns: a too broad interpretation of the reproduction right; and an unduly strict view of copyright exceptions \textendash especially quotation \textendash and the role of fundamental rights in shaping the scope of copyright protection. On those points, we suggest that the Court does not follow the Opinion.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In his Opinion in Pelham (C-467/17) Advocate General Szpunar suggests that the use of samples from sound recordings is not permitted under the European copyright rules. While applying an extensive interpretation of the scope of the rights of phonogram producers, he rejects an extensive interpretation of the quotation exception and limits the role of fundamental rights as external checks to copyright law. Despite its merits, there are key aspects of the Opinion that raise concerns: a too broad interpretation of the reproduction right; and an unduly strict view of copyright exceptions – especially quotation – and the role of fundamental rights in shaping the scope of copyright protection. On those points, we suggest that the Court does not follow the Opinion. |
| Mil, J. van German Federal Court of Justice asks CJEU if YouTube is directly liable for user-uploaded content Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice , 14 (5), pp. 355-356, 2019. @article{Mil2019b, title = {German Federal Court of Justice asks CJEU if YouTube is directly liable for user-uploaded content}, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz034}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-07}, journal = {Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice }, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {355-356}, abstract = {On 13 September 2018, the German Federal Court of Justice referred preliminary questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union, including the question whether YouTube performs acts of communication to the public when its users upload unauthorized content onto this platform.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On 13 September 2018, the German Federal Court of Justice referred preliminary questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union, including the question whether YouTube performs acts of communication to the public when its users upload unauthorized content onto this platform. |
| Bednarski, M., Coutinho, M.F., McGonagle, T., Zimin, A. Preview: Elections and media in digital times 2019, (Preview of an In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom and Expression and Media Development). @techreport{McGonagle2019d, title = {Preview: Elections and media in digital times}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Bednarski, M. and Coutinho, M.F. and Zimin, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/in_focus_world_trends_report_2019_brochure.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-03}, abstract = {The increasing digitalization of societies has led to unprecedented opportunities to seek, receive and impart political information and ideas, which are the lifeblood of elections. The internet has made it easier for politicians, political parties and the electorate to communicate with each other more directly and more quickly than at any point in history. The accuracy of information can be checked and corrected faster, more thoroughly and by a greater number of actors than ever before. But there are also growing concerns about the effects on public debate arising from misuse of digital technologies and fragmentation in the communications environment. Political micro-targeting of individual voters is driven by aggregated personal data, which is not always obtained in lawful ways. Little effort is required to generate disinformation and for it to go viral. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, often lacking in transparency, reduce the transparency of information during elections. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack.}, note = {Preview of an In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom and Expression and Media Development}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The increasing digitalization of societies has led to unprecedented opportunities to seek, receive and impart political information and ideas, which are the lifeblood of elections. The internet has made it easier for politicians, political parties and the electorate to communicate with each other more directly and more quickly than at any point in history. The accuracy of information can be checked and corrected faster, more thoroughly and by a greater number of actors than ever before. But there are also growing concerns about the effects on public debate arising from misuse of digital technologies and fragmentation in the communications environment. Political micro-targeting of individual voters is driven by aggregated personal data, which is not always obtained in lawful ways. Little effort is required to generate disinformation and for it to go viral. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, often lacking in transparency, reduce the transparency of information during elections. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. |
| Leerssen, P., Tworek, H., An Analysis of Germany's NetzDG Law 2019, ( First working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression). @article{Tworek2019, title = {An Analysis of Germany's NetzDG Law}, author = {Tworek, H., and Leerssen, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NetzDG_Tworek_Leerssen_April_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-18}, note = { First working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. Schriftelijke inbreng Rondetafelgesprek wijziging Handelsregisterwet 2019, (Vaste Commissie voor Economische Zaken en Klimaat, Tweede Kamer). @techreport{vanEechoud2019d, title = {Schriftelijke inbreng Rondetafelgesprek wijziging Handelsregisterwet}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_t.b.v._hoorzitting_rondetafelgesprek_Handelsregisterwet_d.d._11_april_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-12}, note = {Vaste Commissie voor Economische Zaken en Klimaat, Tweede Kamer}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Irion, K. Third Annual Detlev F. Vagts Roundtable on Transnational Law: Data Protection in a Global World Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - American Society of International Law, 112 , pp. 220-226, 2019. @article{Irion2019, title = {Third Annual Detlev F. Vagts Roundtable on Transnational Law: Data Protection in a Global World}, author = {Irion, K.}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4DAD3CA357D2483729CD38B52ED6A612/S027250371900123Xa.pdf/remarks_by_kristina_irion.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.123}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-11}, journal = {Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - American Society of International Law}, volume = {112}, pages = {220-226}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Ryngaert, C.M.J., van Eijk, N. International Data Privacy Law, 2019 (1), pp. 61-73, 2019. @article{Ryngaert2019, title = {International cooperation by (European) security and intelligence services: reviewing the creation of a joint database in light of data protection guarantees}, author = {Ryngaert, C.M.J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IDPL_2019_1.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipz001}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-09}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {61-73}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum European Intellectual Property Review, 2019 (4), pp. 199-202, 2019, (This opinion is based on a keynote speech delivered at the KEI Seminar, "Appraising the WIPO Broadcast treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture", Geneva, 3-4 October 2018.). @article{Hugenholtz2019c, title = {The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EIPR_2019_4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-04}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {2019}, number = {4}, pages = {199-202}, abstract = {The Broadcasting Treaty that has been discussed at WIPO for over twenty years, seems to be reaching a dead end. The Treaty that aims at extending the legal protection of broadcasters to the digital realm, suffers from three serious flaws: one economic, one conceptual and one pragmatic. Due to the decreasing technical costs of broadcasting, the economic case for granting special rights to broadcasters is weakening. Moreover, properly defining the act of ‘broadcasting’ that would give rise to legal protection, is highly problematic. Finally, no real and urgent need for a new right seems to exist, in light of current legal regimes that broadcasters already rely on under national law. Perhaps the time has come to abandon work on the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty, and move on.}, note = {This opinion is based on a keynote speech delivered at the KEI Seminar, "Appraising the WIPO Broadcast treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture", Geneva, 3-4 October 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Broadcasting Treaty that has been discussed at WIPO for over twenty years, seems to be reaching a dead end. The Treaty that aims at extending the legal protection of broadcasters to the digital realm, suffers from three serious flaws: one economic, one conceptual and one pragmatic. Due to the decreasing technical costs of broadcasting, the economic case for granting special rights to broadcasters is weakening. Moreover, properly defining the act of ‘broadcasting’ that would give rise to legal protection, is highly problematic. Finally, no real and urgent need for a new right seems to exist, in light of current legal regimes that broadcasters already rely on under national law. Perhaps the time has come to abandon work on the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty, and move on. |