Sanne Vrijenhoek
Publicaties
| Bednarski, M., Francese Coutinho, M., McGonagle, T., Zimin, A. Elections and media in digital times 2019, (In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Series, UNESCO, Paris, November 2019). @techreport{McGonagle2019h, title = {Elections and media in digital times}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Bednarski, M. and Francese Coutinho, M. and Zimin, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/elections_and_media_in_digital_times.pdf https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000371486}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-21}, publisher = {UNESCO}, abstract = {The study zooms in on a key issue related to the 2019 World Press Freedom Day theme, which focused on “Media for Democracy: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, are often lacking in transparency. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. It is against this backdrop that this Report identifies recent trends on disinformation, attacks on the safety of journalists, and disruption in election communications. The report lists possible responses in order to safeguard media freedom and integrity while strengthening news reportage on elections in digital times.}, note = {In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Series, UNESCO, Paris, November 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The study zooms in on a key issue related to the 2019 World Press Freedom Day theme, which focused on “Media for Democracy: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, are often lacking in transparency. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. It is against this backdrop that this Report identifies recent trends on disinformation, attacks on the safety of journalists, and disruption in election communications. The report lists possible responses in order to safeguard media freedom and integrity while strengthening news reportage on elections in digital times. |
| Power, L., van Eijk, N., Zimin, A., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. 2019. @article{Borgesius2019c, title = {Kansspelreclame: toestaan, beperken, verbieden? : Onderzoek over mogelijke regels voor kansspelreclame voor het Directoraat-Generaal Straffen en Beschermen van het Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Zimin, A. and Power, L. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/kansspelreclame_33996.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-19}, abstract = {Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 33996 nr. R, Eerste Kamer.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 33996 nr. R, Eerste Kamer. |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment – Part II Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019i, title = {Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment \textendash Part II}, author = {Quintais, J. and J\"{u}tte, B.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/19/sample-sample-in-my-song-can-they-tell-where-you-are-from-the-pelham-judgment-part-ii/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-19}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Denying journalist access to asylum-seeker ‘reception centre’ in Hungary violated Article 10 ECHR Strasbourg Observers, 2019. @article{Voorhoof2019, title = {Denying journalist access to asylum-seeker ‘reception centre’ in Hungary violated Article 10 ECHR}, author = {Voorhoof, D. and Fahy, R.}, url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/11/04/denying-journalist-access-to-asylum-seeker-reception-centre-in-hungary-violated-article-10-echr/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-15}, journal = {Strasbourg Observers}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Frosio, G., Hugenholtz, P., Husovec, M., Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J., Senftleben, M., van Gompel, S. 2019. @article{Quintais2019g, title = {Safeguarding User Freedoms in Implementing Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: Recommendations from European Academics}, author = {Quintais, J. and Frosio, G. and van Gompel, S. and Hugenholtz, P. and Husovec, M. and J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3484968}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-12}, abstract = {On 17 May 2019 the new Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was officially published (DSM Directive). Article 17 (ex-Article 13) is one of its most controversial provisions. Article 17(10) tasks the Commission with organising stakeholder dialogues to ensure uniform application of the obligation of cooperation between online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) and rightholders, and to establish best practices with regard to appropriate industry standards of professional diligence. This document offers recommendations on user freedoms and safeguards included in Article 17 of the DSM Directive \textendash namely in its paragraphs (7) and (9) \textendash and should be read in the context of the stakeholder dialogue mentioned in paragraph (10).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On 17 May 2019 the new Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was officially published (DSM Directive). Article 17 (ex-Article 13) is one of its most controversial provisions. Article 17(10) tasks the Commission with organising stakeholder dialogues to ensure uniform application of the obligation of cooperation between online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) and rightholders, and to establish best practices with regard to appropriate industry standards of professional diligence. This document offers recommendations on user freedoms and safeguards included in Article 17 of the DSM Directive – namely in its paragraphs (7) and (9) – and should be read in the context of the stakeholder dialogue mentioned in paragraph (10). |
| Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019h, title = {Safeguarding User Freedoms in Implementing Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: Recommendations from European Academics}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/12/safeguarding-user-freedoms-in-implementing-article-17-of-the-copyright-in-the-digital-single-market-directive-recommendations-from-european-academics/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-12}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Daalen, O. Justitie toegang geven tot versleutelde chatberichten is geen goed idee Trouw, 2019, (Opinie). @article{vanDaalen2019b, title = {Justitie toegang geven tot versleutelde chatberichten is geen goed idee}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.trouw.nl/opinie/justitie-toegang-geven-tot-versleutelde-chatberichten-is-geen-goed-idee~bd398447/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-08}, journal = {Trouw}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment – Part I Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019c, title = {Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment \textendash Part I}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/06/sample-sample-in-my-song-can-they-tell-where-you-are-from-the-pelham-judgment-part-i/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R., Helberger, N., Leerssen, P., McGonagle, T., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties 2019, (Tussenrapportage oktober 2019). @techreport{vanHoboken2019c, title = {De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/verspreiding_desinformatie_internetdiensten_tussenrapportage.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, abstract = {Rapport in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 30821, nr. 91, Tweede Kamer.}, note = {Tussenrapportage oktober 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Rapport in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 30821, nr. 91, Tweede Kamer. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Rb Noord-Nederland 24 juli 2019 (Piet Hein Eek / Dudink) AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 180-181, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019h, title = {Annotatie bij Rb Noord-Nederland 24 juli 2019 (Piet Hein Eek / Dudink)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_5.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {180-181}, abstract = {Meubelontwerper Piet Hein Eek heeft auteursrecht op de door hem ontworpen meubels van sloophout. Een aantal van de door gedaagde vervaardigde sloophouten tafels en stoelen maken wegens overeenstemmende totaalindrukken inbreuk op het auteursrecht van Eek. Vordering tot vergoeding van schade wegens winstderving toelaatbaar. Geen vergoeding wegens waardevermindering van het auteursrecht.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Meubelontwerper Piet Hein Eek heeft auteursrecht op de door hem ontworpen meubels van sloophout. Een aantal van de door gedaagde vervaardigde sloophouten tafels en stoelen maken wegens overeenstemmende totaalindrukken inbreuk op het auteursrecht van Eek. Vordering tot vergoeding van schade wegens winstderving toelaatbaar. Geen vergoeding wegens waardevermindering van het auteursrecht. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Artikelen 3 en 4 DSM-richtlijn: tekst- en datamining AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 167-171, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019i, title = {Artikelen 3 en 4 DSM-richtlijn: tekst- en datamining}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_5.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {167-171}, abstract = {Tekst- en datamining (TDM) \textendash het geautomatiseerd analyseren van grote hoeveelheden ongestructureerde tekst en data \textendash is niet meer weg te denken uit de wetenschap, en speelt daarnaast een steeds grotere rol in een veelheid van andere domeinen, vari\"{e}rend van journalistiek tot artifici\"{e}le intelligentie. De nieuwe DSMrichtlijn voorziet daarom in een tweetal beperkingen van het auteursrecht en het databankenrecht ten aanzien van tekst- en datamining: de ene ten behoeve van nonprofit wetenschappelijk onderzoek (art. 3), de andere voor andere doeleinden (art. 4). Daarmee ontstaat de indruk dat de richtlijn voor TDM ruim baan heeft gemaakt, maar deze schijn bedriegt. Rechthebbenden kunnen door middel van een ‘opt-out’ tekst- en datamining voor commerci\"{e}le doeleinden uitsluiten of aan licenties onderwerpen. In dit artikel worden de TDM-bepalingen van de DSMrichtlijn kritisch besproken. Daaraan gaat vooraf een kort expos\'{e} over tekst- en datamining en de stand van zaken naar huidig auteursrecht.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tekst- en datamining (TDM) – het geautomatiseerd analyseren van grote hoeveelheden ongestructureerde tekst en data – is niet meer weg te denken uit de wetenschap, en speelt daarnaast een steeds grotere rol in een veelheid van andere domeinen, variërend van journalistiek tot artificiële intelligentie. De nieuwe DSMrichtlijn voorziet daarom in een tweetal beperkingen van het auteursrecht en het databankenrecht ten aanzien van tekst- en datamining: de ene ten behoeve van nonprofit wetenschappelijk onderzoek (art. 3), de andere voor andere doeleinden (art. 4). Daarmee ontstaat de indruk dat de richtlijn voor TDM ruim baan heeft gemaakt, maar deze schijn bedriegt. Rechthebbenden kunnen door middel van een ‘opt-out’ tekst- en datamining voor commerciële doeleinden uitsluiten of aan licenties onderwerpen. In dit artikel worden de TDM-bepalingen van de DSMrichtlijn kritisch besproken. Daaraan gaat vooraf een kort exposé over tekst- en datamining en de stand van zaken naar huidig auteursrecht. |
| Keller, P. AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 172-173, 2019. @article{Keller2019, title = {Over artikel 14 DSM-richtlijn: Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner digitalen Reproduzierbarkeit: Reactie van een fijnproever}, author = {Keller, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_5-1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {172-173}, abstract = {In 1935 schreef de Duitse filosoof Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) in Parijs het invloedrijke essay ‘Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit’ waarin hij de cultuurtheoretische gevolgen van (fotografische) reproducties van werken van beeldende kunst analyseerde. In het licht van de snelle opkomst van fotografie en de toenemende kwaliteit van fotografische reproducties postuleerde hij dat de originaliteit van kunstwerken gebaseerd was op hun eenmaligheid in het “hier und jetzt”. Reproducties van kunstwerken kenmerken zich volgens Benjamin door het verlies van de aan het originele kunstwerk eigen zijnde “aura”. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 1935 schreef de Duitse filosoof Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) in Parijs het invloedrijke essay ‘Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit’ waarin hij de cultuurtheoretische gevolgen van (fotografische) reproducties van werken van beeldende kunst analyseerde. In het licht van de snelle opkomst van fotografie en de toenemende kwaliteit van fotografische reproducties postuleerde hij dat de originaliteit van kunstwerken gebaseerd was op hun eenmaligheid in het “hier und jetzt”. Reproducties van kunstwerken kenmerken zich volgens Benjamin door het verlies van de aan het originele kunstwerk eigen zijnde “aura”. |
| McGonagle, T. 31.10.2019, (Council of Europe video). @misc{McGonagle2019i, title = {Why Quality Journalism Matters? Tarlach McGonagle answers the question ahead of the international conference in Ljubljana}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://vimeo.com/370090341 https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/qualityjournalism2019}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, note = {Council of Europe video}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {presentation} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2019 (43), pp. 6142-6145, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019g, title = {Annotatie bij HvJ EU 31 mei 2016 (Reha Training), HvJ EU 29 november 2017 (Vcast) en HvJ EU 7 augustus 2018 (Renckoff)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_371.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-22}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2019}, number = {43}, pages = {6142-6145}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Strasbourg Observers, 2019. @article{Fahy2019c, title = {ECtHR engages in dangerous "triple pirouette" to find criminal prosecution for media coverage of PKK statements did not violate Article 10}, author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/10/14/ecthr-engages-in-dangerous-triple-pirouette-to-find-criminal-prosecution-for-media-coverage-of-pkk-statements-did-not-violate-article-10/#more-4435}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-14}, journal = {Strasbourg Observers}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Angelopoulos, C., Quintais, J. Fixing Copyright Reform: A Better Solution to Online Infringement JIPITEC, 10 (2), 2019. @article{Angelopoulos2019, title = {Fixing Copyright Reform: A Better Solution to Online Infringement}, author = {Angelopoulos, C. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-10-2-2019/4913}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-11}, journal = {JIPITEC}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, abstract = {The newly-adopted Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSMD) will fundamentally reshape EU copyright law. Among its most controversial offerings is Article 17, the so-called “value gap” provision, aimed at solving the alleged mismatch between the value that online content-sharing platforms extract from creative content and the revenue returned to the copyright-holders. This article argues that the new rules are misguided, misconceiving the real problems afflicting modern copyright. These are the proliferation of copyright infringement online in general \textendash not only through content-sharing platforms \textendash and the current piecemeal harmonisation of the rules on the liability of the intermediaries whose services are used to access and disseminate copyright-protected content. The current outdated and fragmented EU legal framework is ill-equipped to address these problems. Instead, it creates legal uncertainty for users and intermediaries in the online environment, while also failing to compensate creators fairly. The new rules will not change this. This article examines the pre-DSMD acquis and proposes a better solution than Article 17, consisting of two key changes: (a) the introduction of a harmonised EU framework for accessory liability for third party copyright infringement; and (b) the adoption of an alternative compensation system for right-holders covering non-commercial direct copyright use by the end-users of certain online platforms.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The newly-adopted Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSMD) will fundamentally reshape EU copyright law. Among its most controversial offerings is Article 17, the so-called “value gap” provision, aimed at solving the alleged mismatch between the value that online content-sharing platforms extract from creative content and the revenue returned to the copyright-holders. This article argues that the new rules are misguided, misconceiving the real problems afflicting modern copyright. These are the proliferation of copyright infringement online in general – not only through content-sharing platforms – and the current piecemeal harmonisation of the rules on the liability of the intermediaries whose services are used to access and disseminate copyright-protected content. The current outdated and fragmented EU legal framework is ill-equipped to address these problems. Instead, it creates legal uncertainty for users and intermediaries in the online environment, while also failing to compensate creators fairly. The new rules will not change this. This article examines the pre-DSMD acquis and proposes a better solution than Article 17, consisting of two key changes: (a) the introduction of a harmonised EU framework for accessory liability for third party copyright infringement; and (b) the adoption of an alternative compensation system for right-holders covering non-commercial direct copyright use by the end-users of certain online platforms. |
| Ausloos, J., Helberger, N., Leerssen, P., Vreese, C.H. de, Zarouali, B. Platform ad archives: promises and pitfalls Internet Policy Review, 8 (4), 2019. @article{Leerssen2019b, title = { Platform ad archives: promises and pitfalls}, author = {Leerssen, P. and Ausloos, J. and Zarouali, B. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/platform-ad-archives-promises-and-pitfalls}, doi = {10.14763/2019.4.1421}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-10}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, abstract = {This paper discusses the new phenomenon of platform ad archives. Over the past year, leading social media platforms have installed publicly accessible databases documenting their political advertisements, and several countries have moved to regulate them. If designed and implemented properly, ad archives can correct for structural informational asymmetries in the online advertising industry, and thereby improve accountability through litigation and through publicity. However, present implementations leave much to be desired. We discuss key criticisms, suggest several improvements and identify areas for future research and debate.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper discusses the new phenomenon of platform ad archives. Over the past year, leading social media platforms have installed publicly accessible databases documenting their political advertisements, and several countries have moved to regulate them. If designed and implemented properly, ad archives can correct for structural informational asymmetries in the online advertising industry, and thereby improve accountability through litigation and through publicity. However, present implementations leave much to be desired. We discuss key criticisms, suggest several improvements and identify areas for future research and debate. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 348) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (40), pp. 5658-5659, 2019. @article{Dommering2019e, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 348)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_348.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-08}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {40}, pages = {5658-5659}, abstract = {Ophangen van posters waarin bouwbedrijf in verband wordt gebracht met deportaties door gesloten gezinsvoorziening te bouwen in Detentiecentrum Zeist. Oordeel dat veroordeling ter zake smaadschrift geen strijd oplevert met vrijheid van meningsuiting ontoereikend gemotiveerd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ophangen van posters waarin bouwbedrijf in verband wordt gebracht met deportaties door gesloten gezinsvoorziening te bouwen in Detentiecentrum Zeist. Oordeel dat veroordeling ter zake smaadschrift geen strijd oplevert met vrijheid van meningsuiting ontoereikend gemotiveerd. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 349) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (40), pp. 5677, 2019. @article{Dommering2019f, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 349)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_349.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-08}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {40}, pages = {5677}, abstract = {Het hof kon oordelen dat met de door verdachte opgeplakte poster werd opgeruid tot 'gewelddadig optreden tegen het openbaar gezag' en dat veroordeling niet in strijd is met vrijheid van meningsuiting.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het hof kon oordelen dat met de door verdachte opgeplakte poster werd opgeruid tot 'gewelddadig optreden tegen het openbaar gezag' en dat veroordeling niet in strijd is met vrijheid van meningsuiting. |
| Husovec, M., Quintais, J. 2019, (Working paper). @article{Husovec2019, title = {How to license Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms}, author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3463011}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-03}, abstract = {How can the EU Member States license Article 17 of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market? This is the central question that this paper addresses. To answer it, we first analyse the nature of the right included in Article 17. We argue that the nature of the right has a number of serious consequences for its licensing. First, it determines whether the right is mandated by public international law, and hence what licensing modalities are allowed under the 1994 WTO TRIPS Agreement and 1996 WIPO treaties. Second, it clarifies what other conditions European Union law itself imposes on the newly established right and its implementation into national law. These restraints shape the margin of discretion of EU Member States. Third, it may imply changes to existing licensing practices, including the need for collective rights management organisations to obtain new mandates. Fourth, it influences how Member States can incorporate users’ rights into the legal framework. We argue that Article 17 is a special or sui generis right. We identify how this right fits the existing international and EU law, and explain why the Member States have a broad margin of discretion when implementing the corresponding licensing regimes. Perhaps most importantly, and counter-intuitively, we show that the legal arguments against Article 17 licensing via modalities of statutory licensing and mandatory collective management schemes are weaker than one might initially think.}, note = {Working paper}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } How can the EU Member States license Article 17 of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market? This is the central question that this paper addresses. To answer it, we first analyse the nature of the right included in Article 17. We argue that the nature of the right has a number of serious consequences for its licensing. First, it determines whether the right is mandated by public international law, and hence what licensing modalities are allowed under the 1994 WTO TRIPS Agreement and 1996 WIPO treaties. Second, it clarifies what other conditions European Union law itself imposes on the newly established right and its implementation into national law. These restraints shape the margin of discretion of EU Member States. Third, it may imply changes to existing licensing practices, including the need for collective rights management organisations to obtain new mandates. Fourth, it influences how Member States can incorporate users’ rights into the legal framework. We argue that Article 17 is a special or sui generis right. We identify how this right fits the existing international and EU law, and explain why the Member States have a broad margin of discretion when implementing the corresponding licensing regimes. Perhaps most importantly, and counter-intuitively, we show that the legal arguments against Article 17 licensing via modalities of statutory licensing and mandatory collective management schemes are weaker than one might initially think. |
| Ende, M. van der, Poort, J., Yagafarova, A. TPEdigitaal, 13 (2), pp. 97-111, 2019. @article{Poort2019d, title = {Polderpiraten voor anker}, author = {Poort, J. and Ende, M. van der and Yagafarova, A.}, url = {http://www.tpedigitaal.nl/artikel/polderpiraten-voor-anker}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, journal = {TPEdigitaal}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {97-111}, abstract = {Dit artikel bespreekt hoe de verwerving en consumptie van muziek, films, series, games en boeken zich tussen 2012 en 2017 in Nederland heeft ontwikkeld. Voor al deze soorten materiaal is de omzet in die periode gestegen, behalve voor boeken. De groep die weleens materiaal downloadt of streamt uit illegale bronnen is kleiner geworden voor muziek en games, gelijk gebleven voor films en series en licht gestegen voor boeken. Piraten consumeren echter veel vaker betaalde content dan niet-piraten. De vrees voor piraterij zou de ontwikkeling van e-boekabonnementen daarom niet in de weg moeten staan.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dit artikel bespreekt hoe de verwerving en consumptie van muziek, films, series, games en boeken zich tussen 2012 en 2017 in Nederland heeft ontwikkeld. Voor al deze soorten materiaal is de omzet in die periode gestegen, behalve voor boeken. De groep die weleens materiaal downloadt of streamt uit illegale bronnen is kleiner geworden voor muziek en games, gelijk gebleven voor films en series en licht gestegen voor boeken. Piraten consumeren echter veel vaker betaalde content dan niet-piraten. De vrees voor piraterij zou de ontwikkeling van e-boekabonnementen daarom niet in de weg moeten staan. |
| Coutinho, M.F., Delinavelli, G., Fahy, R., Irion, K., Jusić, T., Kersevan Smokvina, T., Klimkiewicz, B., Llorens, C., Rozgonyi, K., Svensson, S., Til, G. van The independence of media regulatory authorities in Europe 2019, (Capello, M. (ed.), IRIS Special 2019-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg). @techreport{Irion2019b, title = {The independence of media regulatory authorities in Europe}, author = {Irion, K. and Delinavelli, G. and Coutinho, M.F. and Fahy, R. and Jusi\'{c}, T. and Klimkiewicz, B. and Llorens, C. and Rozgonyi, K. and Svensson, S. and Kersevan Smokvina, T. and Til, G. van}, editor = {Capello, M.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/the-independence-of-media-regulatory-authorities-in-europe/168097e504}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, publisher = {European Audiovisual Observatory}, note = {Capello, M. (ed.), IRIS Special 2019-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Bastian, M., Drunen, M. van, Helberger, N. International Data Privacy Law, 2019 , 2019. @article{Drunen2019, title = {Know you algorithm: what media organizations need to explain to their users about news personalization}, author = {Drunen, M. van and Helberger, N. and Bastian, M.}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/idpl/advance-article/doi/10.1093/idpl/ipz011/5544759}, doi = {10.1093/idpl/ipz011}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {Key Points: - If the right to an explanation is expected to effectively safeguard users’ rights, it must be interpreted in a manner that takes the contextual risks algorithms pose to those rights into account. - This article provides a framework of transparency instruments in the context of the news personalization algorithms employed by both traditional media organizations and social media companies. - Explaining the impact on a user’s news diet and the role of editorial values in the algorithm is especially important in this context. - Conversely, explanations of individual decisions and counterfactual explanations face specific practical and normative barriers that limit their utility.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Key Points: - If the right to an explanation is expected to effectively safeguard users’ rights, it must be interpreted in a manner that takes the contextual risks algorithms pose to those rights into account. - This article provides a framework of transparency instruments in the context of the news personalization algorithms employed by both traditional media organizations and social media companies. - Explaining the impact on a user’s news diet and the role of editorial values in the algorithm is especially important in this context. - Conversely, explanations of individual decisions and counterfactual explanations face specific practical and normative barriers that limit their utility. |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Conference on Freedom of Expression and Copyright: Luxembourg, 7 November 2019 Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019b, title = {Conference on Freedom of Expression and Copyright: Luxembourg, 7 November 2019}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/09/24/conference-on-freedom-of-expression-and-copyright-luxembourg-7-november-2019/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-26}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Mil, J. van Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 23 mei 2019 Computerrecht, 2019 (4), pp. 267-273, 2019. @article{Mil2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 23 mei 2019 }, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_CR_2019_4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-19}, journal = {Computerrecht}, volume = {2019}, number = {4}, pages = {267-273}, abstract = {De rechtbank bakent de omvang van het inzagerecht af in overeenstemming met eerdere jurisprudentie, waarmee zij verwerkingsverantwoordelijke handvatten biedt voor die gevallen waarin zij zich geconfronteerd ziet met inzageverzoeken.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De rechtbank bakent de omvang van het inzagerecht af in overeenstemming met eerdere jurisprudentie, waarmee zij verwerkingsverantwoordelijke handvatten biedt voor die gevallen waarin zij zich geconfronteerd ziet met inzageverzoeken. |
| Bountouridis, D., Harambam, J., Makhortykh, M., van Hoboken, J. RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, pp. 69-77, 2019. @article{Harambam2019b, title = {Designing for the Better by Taking Users into Account: A Qualitative Evaluation of User Control Mechanisms in (News) Recommender Systems}, author = {Harambam, J. and Bountouridis, D. and Makhortykh, M. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_recsys_19.pdf https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3347014}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-19}, journal = {RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems}, pages = {69-77}, abstract = {Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Neighbouring Rights are Obsolete IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019f, title = {Neighbouring Rights are Obsolete}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IIC_2019.pdf}, doi = {10.1007/s40319-019-00864-3}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-03}, journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law}, abstract = {Neighbouring rights based on technological investment that do not provide for a threshold test and corresponding rule of scope, such as the phonographic right, the broadcaster’s right and Europe’s film producer’s right, are outdated and inherently unbalanced. The new press publisher’s right introduced by the EU DSM Directive is similarly unbalanced.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Neighbouring rights based on technological investment that do not provide for a threshold test and corresponding rule of scope, such as the phonographic right, the broadcaster’s right and Europe’s film producer’s right, are outdated and inherently unbalanced. The new press publisher’s right introduced by the EU DSM Directive is similarly unbalanced. |
| van Gompel, S. Patent Abolition: A Real-Life Historical Case Study American University International Law Review, 34 (4), pp. 877-922, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019f, title = {Patent Abolition: A Real-Life Historical Case Study}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AUILR_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-23}, journal = {American University International Law Review}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {877-922}, abstract = {Over time, patent abolition has been the subject of fierce academic debate. However, no country in the world has ever abolished patents, except for one. Between 1869 and 1912, the Netherlands officially abandoned patents. This unique case is often mentioned in the literature on patent abolition, but the accounts drawn up so far present an incomplete and somewhat obscure image of the motives behind the decision of the Dutch government to eliminate patents. This paper fills this gap by conducting a full analysis of the various \textendash legal, economic, practical, and political \textendash arguments that have inspired the Dutch to abolish patents. By so doing, it sketches a striking picture of the circumstances that gave rise to the exceptional Dutch case. Translating this to today’s reality, which is so entirely different, it seems unlikely that we will soon witness another case where all the necessary ingredients will so neatly coincide as they did in the Netherlands in the late 1860s. Therefore, another real-life example of a developed country abolishing patents appears far away.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over time, patent abolition has been the subject of fierce academic debate. However, no country in the world has ever abolished patents, except for one. Between 1869 and 1912, the Netherlands officially abandoned patents. This unique case is often mentioned in the literature on patent abolition, but the accounts drawn up so far present an incomplete and somewhat obscure image of the motives behind the decision of the Dutch government to eliminate patents. This paper fills this gap by conducting a full analysis of the various – legal, economic, practical, and political – arguments that have inspired the Dutch to abolish patents. By so doing, it sketches a striking picture of the circumstances that gave rise to the exceptional Dutch case. Translating this to today’s reality, which is so entirely different, it seems unlikely that we will soon witness another case where all the necessary ingredients will so neatly coincide as they did in the Netherlands in the late 1860s. Therefore, another real-life example of a developed country abolishing patents appears far away. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (33/34), pp. 4691-4693, 2019. @article{Dommering2019d, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_293.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-22}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {33/34}, pages = {4691-4693}, abstract = {Wanneer is de pers aansprakelijk voor de inhoud van de informatie op een site waarnaar in de berichtgeving een hyperlink is geplaatst.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Wanneer is de pers aansprakelijk voor de inhoud van de informatie op een site waarnaar in de berichtgeving een hyperlink is geplaatst. |
| Hins, A. Book review of Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression in the EU Common Market Law Review, 56 (4), pp. 1154-1155, 2019. @article{Hins2019b, title = {Book review of Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression in the EU}, author = {Hins, A.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-22}, journal = {Common Market Law Review}, volume = {56}, number = {4}, pages = {1154-1155}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J. The Decline of Online Piracy: How Markets - Not Enforcement - Drive Down Copyright Infringement American University International Law Review, 34 (4), pp. 807-876, 2019. @article{Quintais2019f, title = {The Decline of Online Piracy: How Markets - Not Enforcement - Drive Down Copyright Infringement}, author = {Quintais, J. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3437239}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-20}, journal = {American University International Law Review}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {807-876}, abstract = {This article deals with the acquisition and consumption of music, films, series, books, and games through the various legal and illegal channels that exist nowadays, in a set of thirteen countries across the globe. The article has four aims. First, it provides an overview of the rules on liability for and enforcement of online copyright infringement in the countries studied. Second, it gives factual information about the state of authorized and unauthorized acquisition and consumption of these types of content. The third aim is to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the link with enforcement measures and legal supply. Lastly, the article assesses the effect of online piracy on consumption from legal sources. To further these aims, the article combines different sources and empirical methods, including consumer surveys among nearly 35.000 respondents and comparative legal research. Our main conclusion is that online piracy is declining. The key driver for this decline is the increasing availability of affordable legal content, rather than enforcement measures. Where the legal supply of copyright-protected content is affordable, convenient and diverse, consumers are willing to pay for it and abandon piracy. Policymakers should therefore shift their focus from repressive approaches to tackle online infringement towards policies and measures that foster lawful remunerated access to copyright-protected content.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article deals with the acquisition and consumption of music, films, series, books, and games through the various legal and illegal channels that exist nowadays, in a set of thirteen countries across the globe. The article has four aims. First, it provides an overview of the rules on liability for and enforcement of online copyright infringement in the countries studied. Second, it gives factual information about the state of authorized and unauthorized acquisition and consumption of these types of content. The third aim is to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the link with enforcement measures and legal supply. Lastly, the article assesses the effect of online piracy on consumption from legal sources. To further these aims, the article combines different sources and empirical methods, including consumer surveys among nearly 35.000 respondents and comparative legal research. Our main conclusion is that online piracy is declining. The key driver for this decline is the increasing availability of affordable legal content, rather than enforcement measures. Where the legal supply of copyright-protected content is affordable, convenient and diverse, consumers are willing to pay for it and abandon piracy. Policymakers should therefore shift their focus from repressive approaches to tackle online infringement towards policies and measures that foster lawful remunerated access to copyright-protected content. |
| McGonagle, T. Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’ 2019. @article{McGonagle2019g, title = {Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CM-Rec20164-Infographic.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-07}, abstract = {The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation. |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. , 2019, ISBN: 9789279930027, (A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.). @techreport{vanHoboken2019b, title = {Hosting intermediary services and illegal content online: An analysis of the scope of article 14 ECD in light of developments in the online service landscape}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/hosting_intermediary_services.pdf}, doi = {10.2759/284542}, isbn = {9789279930027}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-06}, volume = {2018}, publisher = {European Union}, abstract = {This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments. }, note = {A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments. |
| Kabel, J. Het prinsesje op de erwt en de tovenaarsleerling Privacy & Informatie, 22 (3), pp. 89-90, 2019, (Redactioneel). @article{Kabel2019c, title = {Het prinsesje op de erwt en de tovenaarsleerling}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PI_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-30}, journal = {Privacy & Informatie}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {89-90}, note = {Redactioneel}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Kabel, J. AMI, 2019 (3), pp. 96-99, 2019. @article{Kabel2019b, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 29 maart 2019 (Dijkstra / De 4 Jaargetijden): Is artikel 25 Aw nu eindelijk helemaal af?}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-26}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {96-99}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The New Copyright Directive: Text and Data Mining (Articles 3 and 4) Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019e, title = {The New Copyright Directive: Text and Data Mining (Articles 3 and 4)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/07/24/the-new-copyright-directive-text-and-data-mining-articles-3-and-4/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-25}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Quintais, J. The New Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: A Critical Look European Intellectual Property Review, Forthcoming. @article{Quintais2019e, title = {The New Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: A Critical Look}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3424770}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-25}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, abstract = {On 17 May 2019 the official version of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was published. This marks the end of a controversial legislative process at EU level. It also marks the beginning of what will surely be a contentious process of national implementation. This article provides an overview and critical examination of the new Directive. It argues that what started as a legislative instrument to promote the digital single market turned into an industry policy tool, shaped more by effective lobbying than evidence and expertise. The result is a flawed piece of legislation. Despite some positive aspects, the Directive includes multiple problematic provisions, including the controversial new right for press publishers and the new liability regime for content-sharing platforms. On balance, the Directive denotes a normative preference for private ordering over public choice in EU copyright law, and lacks adequate safeguards for users. It is also a complex text with multiple ambiguities, which will likely fail promote the desired harmonization and legal certainty in this area.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } On 17 May 2019 the official version of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was published. This marks the end of a controversial legislative process at EU level. It also marks the beginning of what will surely be a contentious process of national implementation. This article provides an overview and critical examination of the new Directive. It argues that what started as a legislative instrument to promote the digital single market turned into an industry policy tool, shaped more by effective lobbying than evidence and expertise. The result is a flawed piece of legislation. Despite some positive aspects, the Directive includes multiple problematic provisions, including the controversial new right for press publishers and the new liability regime for content-sharing platforms. On balance, the Directive denotes a normative preference for private ordering over public choice in EU copyright law, and lacks adequate safeguards for users. It is also a complex text with multiple ambiguities, which will likely fail promote the desired harmonization and legal certainty in this area. |
| Kostić, B., McGonagle, T. How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM European Yearbook of Minority Issues, 16 (1), pp. 3-33, 2019. @article{Kosti\'{c}2019, title = {How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM}, author = {Kosti\'{c}, B. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/journals/ymio/16/1/article-p1_2.xml}, doi = {10.1163/22116117_01601002}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {European Yearbook of Minority Issues}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {3-33}, abstract = {Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues. |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Prijsdiscriminatie, privacy en publieke opinie Ars Aequi, 2019 , pp. 580-590, 2019. @article{Poort2019c, title = {Prijsdiscriminatie, privacy en publieke opinie}, author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, pages = {580-590}, abstract = {Webwinkels zijn technisch in staat om elke consument een andere prijs aan te bieden: online prijsdiscriminatie. Dit artikel bespreekt twee enqu\^{e}tes over dergelijke praktijken die zijn gehouden onder de Nederlandse bevolking en onderzoekt de implicaties van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) voor online prijsdiscriminatie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Webwinkels zijn technisch in staat om elke consument een andere prijs aan te bieden: online prijsdiscriminatie. Dit artikel bespreekt twee enquêtes over dergelijke praktijken die zijn gehouden onder de Nederlandse bevolking en onderzoekt de implicaties van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) voor online prijsdiscriminatie. |
| Helberger, N., Makhortykh, M., Möller, J. Filter bubbles in the Netherlands 2019, (Report commissioned by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media)). @techreport{M\"{o}ller2019b, title = {Filter bubbles in the Netherlands}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Filter-bubbles-in-the-Netherlands.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, urldate = {2019-06-28}, abstract = {The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands?}, note = {Report commissioned by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands? |
| Giannopoulou, A. The New Copyright Directive: Article 14 or when the Public Domain Enters the New Copyright Directive Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Giannopoulou2019b, title = {The New Copyright Directive: Article 14 or when the Public Domain Enters the New Copyright Directive }, author = {Giannopoulou, A.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/27/the-new-copyright-directive-article-14-or-when-the-public-domain-enters-the-new-copyright-directive/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N. On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders Digital Journalism, 7 (8), pp. 993-1012, 2019. @article{Helberger2019b, title = {On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders}, author = {Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700}, doi = {10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, urldate = {2019-06-28}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {993-1012}, abstract = {Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’. |
| Albrecht, Y., Bockxmeer, H. van, Dibbits, T., Helberger, N., Kasem, I., Oudeman, M., Vanseveren, W., Vermeir, L. Samen voor het publiek belang. Evaluatierapport NPO 2013 t/m 2017 2019. @techreport{Oudeman2019, title = {Samen voor het publiek belang. Evaluatierapport NPO 2013 t/m 2017}, author = {Oudeman, M. and Albrecht, Y. and Bockxmeer, H. van and Dibbits, T. and Helberger, N. and Kasem, I. and Vanseveren, W. and Vermeir, L.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/evaluatie_rapport-visitatiecommissie_npo.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, abstract = {In september 2018 is, in opdracht van de raad van toezicht, de evaluatiecommissie Nederlandse Publieke Omroep gestart met haar evaluatie van de prestaties van de NPO in de periode 2013 t/m 2017, inclusief de beantwoording van de vraag naar de slagvaardigheid van de NPO. De evaluatieperiode beslaat dus een periode v\'{o}\'{o}r de wetswijziging van 2016 en een periode erna, waarin sprake was van aangescherpte rollen en bevoegdheden voor de raad van bestuur en de raad van toezicht van de NPO. Dit rapport is de weerslag van onze bevindingen. Daarnaast heeft de commissie een aantal aanbevelingen toegevoegd waarmee zij een bijdrage hoopt te leveren aan de NPO in de toekomst. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In september 2018 is, in opdracht van de raad van toezicht, de evaluatiecommissie Nederlandse Publieke Omroep gestart met haar evaluatie van de prestaties van de NPO in de periode 2013 t/m 2017, inclusief de beantwoording van de vraag naar de slagvaardigheid van de NPO. De evaluatieperiode beslaat dus een periode vóór de wetswijziging van 2016 en een periode erna, waarin sprake was van aangescherpte rollen en bevoegdheden voor de raad van bestuur en de raad van toezicht van de NPO. Dit rapport is de weerslag van onze bevindingen. Daarnaast heeft de commissie een aantal aanbevelingen toegevoegd waarmee zij een bijdrage hoopt te leveren aan de NPO in de toekomst. |
| van Gompel, S. C. op den Kamp & D. Hunter, (Ed.): A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects, 2019 , Chapter 12, pp. 104-111, Cambridge University Press, 2019, ISBN: 9781108325806. @inbook{vanGompel2019e, title = {Light Bulb}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, editor = {C. op den Kamp & D. Hunter, }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Light_Bulb.pdf}, doi = {10.1017/9781108325806}, isbn = {9781108325806}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-26}, urldate = {2019-06-26}, booktitle = {A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects}, volume = {2019}, pages = {104-111}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, chapter = {12}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Article 10 ECHR and Expressive Conduct Communications Law, 24 (2), pp. 62-73, 2019, (Pre-print). @article{Fahy2019bb, title = {Article 10 ECHR and Expressive Conduct}, author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Communications_Law_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-25}, journal = {Communications Law}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {62-73}, abstract = {The European Court of Human Rights has recently delivered a series of judgments finding violations of the right to freedom of expression over convictions for engaging in expressive conduct. The purpose of this article is to discuss the European Court's recent case law on expressive conduct under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular to assess in what circumstances, if any, domestic courts may impose prison sentences, even if suspended, on individuals engaging in peaceful, but provocative and offensive expression.}, note = {Pre-print}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The European Court of Human Rights has recently delivered a series of judgments finding violations of the right to freedom of expression over convictions for engaging in expressive conduct. The purpose of this article is to discuss the European Court's recent case law on expressive conduct under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular to assess in what circumstances, if any, domestic courts may impose prison sentences, even if suspended, on individuals engaging in peaceful, but provocative and offensive expression. |
| Bodó, B., Handke, C.W., Quintais, J., Vallbé, J. Knocking on Heaven’s Door: User preferences on digital cultural distribution Internet Policy Review, 8 (2), 2019. @article{Vallb\'{e}2019, title = {Knocking on Heaven’s Door: User preferences on digital cultural distribution}, author = {Vallb\'{e}, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Quintais, J. and Handke, C.W.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/knocking-heavens-door-user-preferences-digital-cultural-distribution}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, abstract = {This paper explores the social, demographic and attitudinal basis of consumer support of a Copyright Compensation System (CCS), which, for a small monthly fee would legalise currently infringing online social practices such as private copying from illegal sources and online sharing of copyrighted works. We do this by first identifying how different online and offline, legal and illegal, free and paying content acquisition channels are used in the media market using a cluster-based classification of respondents. Second, we assess the effect of cultural consumption on the support for a shift from the status quo towards alternative, CCS-based forms of digital cultural content distribution. Finally, we link these two analyses to identify the factors that drive the dynamics of change in digital cultural consumption habits. Our study shows significant support to a CCS compared to the status quo by both occasional and frequent buyers of cultural goods, despite the widespread adoption of legal free and paying online services by consumers. The nature of these preferences are also explored with the inclusion of consumer preference intensities regarding certain CCS attributes. Our results have relevant policy implications, for they outline CCS as a reform option. In particular, they point evidence-based copyright reform away from its current direction in the EU of stronger enforcement measures, additional exclusive rights, and increased liability and duties of care for online platforms. This work shows that CCS may be an apt policy tool to hinder piracy and potentially increase right holder revenues, while respecting fundamental rights and promoting technological development.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper explores the social, demographic and attitudinal basis of consumer support of a Copyright Compensation System (CCS), which, for a small monthly fee would legalise currently infringing online social practices such as private copying from illegal sources and online sharing of copyrighted works. We do this by first identifying how different online and offline, legal and illegal, free and paying content acquisition channels are used in the media market using a cluster-based classification of respondents. Second, we assess the effect of cultural consumption on the support for a shift from the status quo towards alternative, CCS-based forms of digital cultural content distribution. Finally, we link these two analyses to identify the factors that drive the dynamics of change in digital cultural consumption habits. Our study shows significant support to a CCS compared to the status quo by both occasional and frequent buyers of cultural goods, despite the widespread adoption of legal free and paying online services by consumers. The nature of these preferences are also explored with the inclusion of consumer preference intensities regarding certain CCS attributes. Our results have relevant policy implications, for they outline CCS as a reform option. In particular, they point evidence-based copyright reform away from its current direction in the EU of stronger enforcement measures, additional exclusive rights, and increased liability and duties of care for online platforms. This work shows that CCS may be an apt policy tool to hinder piracy and potentially increase right holder revenues, while respecting fundamental rights and promoting technological development. |
| Bodó, B. Digital Journalism, 7 (8), pp. 1054-1075, 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019d, title = {Selling News to Audiences \textendash A Qualitative Inquiry into the Emerging Logics of Algorithmic News Personalization in European Quality News Media}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1624185}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {1054-1075}, abstract = {How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 26 juni 2018 Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (25), pp. 3503-3504, 2019. @article{Dommering2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 26 juni 2018 }, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_214.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {25}, pages = {3503-3504}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019d, title = {The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon \textendash Part II (of press publishers, upload filters and the real value gap)}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/17/the-new-copyright-directive-a-tour-dhorizon-part-ii-of-press-publishers-upload-filters-and-the-real-value-gap/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-18}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R. The Chilling Effect of Turkey’s Article 301 Insult Law European Human Rights Law Review , 2019 (3), pp. 298-308, 2019. @article{Fahy2019b, title = {The Chilling Effect of Turkey’s Article 301 Insult Law}, author = {Fahy, R.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-14}, journal = {European Human Rights Law Review }, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {298-308}, abstract = {This article discusses how the approach of the European Court of Human Rights has evolved in seeking to protect freedom of expression from the chilling effect of Turkey’s controversial Article 301 insult law. The article reveals the early reluctance within the Court in finding that the law’s provisions were incompatible with freedom of expression, and yet, the analysis now demonstrates how the Court’s concern for the chilling effect has led the Court to two adopt notable approaches: first, the Court permitting applicants to argue that the law, in and of itself, violates the European Convention on Human Rights, even where an applicant has not been convicted, nor even prosecuted under the law; and second, the Court’s application of its rarely-used competence under Article 46 of the European Convention, finding that amending Article 301 would “constitute an appropriate form of execution” of the Court’s judgment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article discusses how the approach of the European Court of Human Rights has evolved in seeking to protect freedom of expression from the chilling effect of Turkey’s controversial Article 301 insult law. The article reveals the early reluctance within the Court in finding that the law’s provisions were incompatible with freedom of expression, and yet, the analysis now demonstrates how the Court’s concern for the chilling effect has led the Court to two adopt notable approaches: first, the Court permitting applicants to argue that the law, in and of itself, violates the European Convention on Human Rights, even where an applicant has not been convicted, nor even prosecuted under the law; and second, the Court’s application of its rarely-used competence under Article 46 of the European Convention, finding that amending Article 301 would “constitute an appropriate form of execution” of the Court’s judgment. |
| Dommering, E. De Europese informatierechtsorde deLex, 2019, ISBN: 9789086920716 . @book{Dommering2019b, title = {De Europese informatierechtsorde}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.delex.nl/shop/boeken/de-europese-informatierechtsorde}, isbn = {9789086920716 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-11}, volume = {2019}, publisher = {deLex}, abstract = {Onze samenleving is in de laatste tien jaar in hoog tempo veranderd in een door data, digitalisering en kunstmatige intelligentie gedreven omwenteling. Op de informatiemarkt zijn de sociale media, zoekmachines en Apps de grootste ondernemingen geworden. Zij sturen op de persoon gerichte reclameboodschappen op de consument af. Maar ook de overheid gebruikt steeds meer data om macht uit te oefenen. Persoonsgegevens zijn het nieuwe sturingsmechanisme van een ge\"{i}ndividualiseerde samenleving. Het internet groeit in aansluitingsdichtheid en capaciteit. Het schept de voorwaarden voor communicatie die geen scherpe scheiding meer maakt tussen openbaar en priv\'{e}. Klassieke media, sociale en politieke organisaties zijn niet verdwenen, maar worstelen met de uitstroom van gebruikers en leden die zich steeds meer individueel of in informele verbanden organiseren. Voor het informatierecht betekent dit dat de klassieke modellen voor vrijheid van meningsuiting, auteursrecht, privacy en media- en telecommunicatierecht niet meer voldoen. Deze rechtsgebieden zijn ook steeds meer met elkaar verknoopt geraakt. Is een dataverzameling herleidbaar tot personen, free flow of information of eigendom? Wie is er verantwoordelijk voor de informatieboodschap? Het zijn vragen die tegelijkertijd om een antwoord vragen. Dit boek schetst aan de hand van de rechtspraak (een kleine driehonderd nationale en Europese uitspraken), de belangrijkste nationale en Europese wetswijzigingen en de belangrijkste discussies in de vakliteratuur van de laatste tien jaar, hoe deze verandering een heel rechtsgebied op zijn kop heeft gezet. Het laat zien hoe de mythe van cyberspace heeft plaats gemaakt voor een nieuw fenomeen. Dat is de wederzijdse doordringing van de elektronische media en de sociale werkelijkheid. Of het nu gaat om het spelletje Pok\'{e}mon of de opstand van de gele hesjes. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Onze samenleving is in de laatste tien jaar in hoog tempo veranderd in een door data, digitalisering en kunstmatige intelligentie gedreven omwenteling. Op de informatiemarkt zijn de sociale media, zoekmachines en Apps de grootste ondernemingen geworden. Zij sturen op de persoon gerichte reclameboodschappen op de consument af. Maar ook de overheid gebruikt steeds meer data om macht uit te oefenen. Persoonsgegevens zijn het nieuwe sturingsmechanisme van een geïndividualiseerde samenleving. Het internet groeit in aansluitingsdichtheid en capaciteit. Het schept de voorwaarden voor communicatie die geen scherpe scheiding meer maakt tussen openbaar en privé. Klassieke media, sociale en politieke organisaties zijn niet verdwenen, maar worstelen met de uitstroom van gebruikers en leden die zich steeds meer individueel of in informele verbanden organiseren. Voor het informatierecht betekent dit dat de klassieke modellen voor vrijheid van meningsuiting, auteursrecht, privacy en media- en telecommunicatierecht niet meer voldoen. Deze rechtsgebieden zijn ook steeds meer met elkaar verknoopt geraakt. Is een dataverzameling herleidbaar tot personen, free flow of information of eigendom? Wie is er verantwoordelijk voor de informatieboodschap? Het zijn vragen die tegelijkertijd om een antwoord vragen. Dit boek schetst aan de hand van de rechtspraak (een kleine driehonderd nationale en Europese uitspraken), de belangrijkste nationale en Europese wetswijzigingen en de belangrijkste discussies in de vakliteratuur van de laatste tien jaar, hoe deze verandering een heel rechtsgebied op zijn kop heeft gezet. Het laat zien hoe de mythe van cyberspace heeft plaats gemaakt voor een nieuw fenomeen. Dat is de wederzijdse doordringing van de elektronische media en de sociale werkelijkheid. Of het nu gaat om het spelletje Pokémon of de opstand van de gele hesjes. |
| Quintais, J. The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon – Part I Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019c, title = {The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon \textendash Part I}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/07/the-new-copyright-directive-a-tour-dhorizon-part-i/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2019 (151), pp. 8866-8867, 2019. @article{vanEijk2019b, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_151.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-06}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, number = {151}, pages = {8866-8867}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Drunen, M. van, Helberger, N., Leerssen, P. Germany proposes Europe's first diversity rules for social media platforms LSE Media Policy Project Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Helberger2019, title = {Germany proposes Europe's first diversity rules for social media platforms}, author = {Helberger, N. and Leerssen, P. and Drunen, M. van}, url = {https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mediapolicyproject/2019/05/29/germany-proposes-europes-first-diversity-rules-for-social-media-platforms/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-06}, journal = {LSE Media Policy Project Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 6 oktober 2017 (Imation / Thuiskopie en Staat) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2019 (21/22), pp. 3068-3070, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019d, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 6 oktober 2017 (Imation / Thuiskopie en Staat)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_182.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-04}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2019}, number = {21/22}, pages = {3068-3070}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Harambam, J. Overwegingen en advies vaccinatieproblematiek vanuit een antropologisch perspectief 2019 , pp. 39-42, 2019, (In: Hoe nu verder met de vaccinatietwijfel?: Tien adviezen aan Staatssecretaris Paul Blokhuis, red. Roland Pierik, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2019. ISBN 9789090317144.). @inbook{Harambam2019, title = {Overwegingen en advies vaccinatieproblematiek vanuit een antropologisch perspectief}, author = {Harambam, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/vaccinatieproblematiek.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, volume = {2019}, pages = {39-42}, note = {In: Hoe nu verder met de vaccinatietwijfel?: Tien adviezen aan Staatssecretaris Paul Blokhuis, red. Roland Pierik, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2019. ISBN 9789090317144.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Kabel, J. Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 27 november 2018 (Nomenta / Nikki) AMI, 2019 (2), pp. 72, 2019. @article{Kabel2019, title = {Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 27 november 2018 (Nomenta / Nikki)}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_2.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {2}, pages = {72}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 12 december 2018 (FPI Ghana / Koas c.s.) AMI, 2019 (2), pp. 73-74, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019e, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 12 december 2018 (FPI Ghana / Koas c.s.)}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_2_p73.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {2}, pages = {73-74}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Gervais, D.J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Gervais2019b, title = {Can Machines be Authors?}, author = {Gervais, D.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/05/21/can-machines-be-authors/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-23}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N., Makhortykh, M., Möller, J. 2019, (Rapport in opdracht van het Commissariaat voor de Media.). @techreport{M\"{o}ller2019, title = {Filterbubbels in Nederland}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Filterbubbels-in-Nederland.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, abstract = {The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands?}, note = {Rapport in opdracht van het Commissariaat voor de Media.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands? |
| van Daalen, O. 2019, (Opinie in de Volkskrant). @article{vanDaalen2019, title = {\'{O}\'{o}k soft- en hardware die niet uit China komen zijn notoir onveilig. Hacken is het probleem, niet Huawei}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/ook-soft-en-hardware-die-niet-uit-china-komen-zijn-notoir-onveilig-hacken-is-het-probleem-niet-huawei~b675fc66/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, note = {Opinie in de Volkskrant}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T., Volgenant, O. 2019. @article{Volgenant2019, title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2018}, author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Persvrijheidsmonitor_2018.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 10 januari 2019 (Khadija Ismayilova / Azerbeidzjan) European Human Rights Cases, 2019 (5), pp. 257-260, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019e, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 10 januari 2019 (Khadija Ismayilova / Azerbeidzjan)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_5_86.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {257-260}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Buivids) European Human Rights Cases, 2019 (5), pp. 253-255, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019f, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Buivids)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_5_84.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {253-255}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Hoboken, J. 2019. @article{vanHoboken2019, title = {The Proposed EU Terrorism Content Regulation: Analysis and Recommendations with Respect to Freedom of Expression Implications}, author = {van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TERREG_FoE-ANALYSIS.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, abstract = {Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression |
| Heller, B., van Hoboken, J. Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Summary of United States and European Law 2019. @article{Heller2019, title = {Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Summary of United States and European Law}, author = {Heller, B. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TWG_Freedom_of_Expression.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, abstract = {Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression |
| Jütte, B., Quintais, J. Advocate General Turns down the Music - Sampling Is Not a Fundamental Right under EU Copyright Law European Intellectual Property Review , 41 (10), pp. 654-657, 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019, title = { Advocate General Turns down the Music - Sampling Is Not a Fundamental Right under EU Copyright Law}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3377205}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review }, volume = {41}, number = {10}, pages = {654-657}, abstract = {In his Opinion in Pelham (C-467/17) Advocate General Szpunar suggests that the use of samples from sound recordings is not permitted under the European copyright rules. While applying an extensive interpretation of the scope of the rights of phonogram producers, he rejects an extensive interpretation of the quotation exception and limits the role of fundamental rights as external checks to copyright law. Despite its merits, there are key aspects of the Opinion that raise concerns: a too broad interpretation of the reproduction right; and an unduly strict view of copyright exceptions \textendash especially quotation \textendash and the role of fundamental rights in shaping the scope of copyright protection. On those points, we suggest that the Court does not follow the Opinion.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In his Opinion in Pelham (C-467/17) Advocate General Szpunar suggests that the use of samples from sound recordings is not permitted under the European copyright rules. While applying an extensive interpretation of the scope of the rights of phonogram producers, he rejects an extensive interpretation of the quotation exception and limits the role of fundamental rights as external checks to copyright law. Despite its merits, there are key aspects of the Opinion that raise concerns: a too broad interpretation of the reproduction right; and an unduly strict view of copyright exceptions – especially quotation – and the role of fundamental rights in shaping the scope of copyright protection. On those points, we suggest that the Court does not follow the Opinion. |
| Mil, J. van German Federal Court of Justice asks CJEU if YouTube is directly liable for user-uploaded content Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice , 14 (5), pp. 355-356, 2019. @article{Mil2019b, title = {German Federal Court of Justice asks CJEU if YouTube is directly liable for user-uploaded content}, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz034}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-07}, journal = {Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice }, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {355-356}, abstract = {On 13 September 2018, the German Federal Court of Justice referred preliminary questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union, including the question whether YouTube performs acts of communication to the public when its users upload unauthorized content onto this platform.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On 13 September 2018, the German Federal Court of Justice referred preliminary questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union, including the question whether YouTube performs acts of communication to the public when its users upload unauthorized content onto this platform. |
| Bednarski, M., Coutinho, M.F., McGonagle, T., Zimin, A. Preview: Elections and media in digital times 2019, (Preview of an In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom and Expression and Media Development). @techreport{McGonagle2019d, title = {Preview: Elections and media in digital times}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Bednarski, M. and Coutinho, M.F. and Zimin, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/in_focus_world_trends_report_2019_brochure.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-03}, abstract = {The increasing digitalization of societies has led to unprecedented opportunities to seek, receive and impart political information and ideas, which are the lifeblood of elections. The internet has made it easier for politicians, political parties and the electorate to communicate with each other more directly and more quickly than at any point in history. The accuracy of information can be checked and corrected faster, more thoroughly and by a greater number of actors than ever before. But there are also growing concerns about the effects on public debate arising from misuse of digital technologies and fragmentation in the communications environment. Political micro-targeting of individual voters is driven by aggregated personal data, which is not always obtained in lawful ways. Little effort is required to generate disinformation and for it to go viral. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, often lacking in transparency, reduce the transparency of information during elections. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack.}, note = {Preview of an In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom and Expression and Media Development}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The increasing digitalization of societies has led to unprecedented opportunities to seek, receive and impart political information and ideas, which are the lifeblood of elections. The internet has made it easier for politicians, political parties and the electorate to communicate with each other more directly and more quickly than at any point in history. The accuracy of information can be checked and corrected faster, more thoroughly and by a greater number of actors than ever before. But there are also growing concerns about the effects on public debate arising from misuse of digital technologies and fragmentation in the communications environment. Political micro-targeting of individual voters is driven by aggregated personal data, which is not always obtained in lawful ways. Little effort is required to generate disinformation and for it to go viral. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, often lacking in transparency, reduce the transparency of information during elections. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. |
| Leerssen, P., Tworek, H., An Analysis of Germany's NetzDG Law 2019, ( First working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression). @article{Tworek2019, title = {An Analysis of Germany's NetzDG Law}, author = {Tworek, H., and Leerssen, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NetzDG_Tworek_Leerssen_April_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-18}, note = { First working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. Schriftelijke inbreng Rondetafelgesprek wijziging Handelsregisterwet 2019, (Vaste Commissie voor Economische Zaken en Klimaat, Tweede Kamer). @techreport{vanEechoud2019d, title = {Schriftelijke inbreng Rondetafelgesprek wijziging Handelsregisterwet}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_t.b.v._hoorzitting_rondetafelgesprek_Handelsregisterwet_d.d._11_april_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-12}, note = {Vaste Commissie voor Economische Zaken en Klimaat, Tweede Kamer}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Irion, K. Third Annual Detlev F. Vagts Roundtable on Transnational Law: Data Protection in a Global World Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - American Society of International Law, 112 , pp. 220-226, 2019. @article{Irion2019, title = {Third Annual Detlev F. Vagts Roundtable on Transnational Law: Data Protection in a Global World}, author = {Irion, K.}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4DAD3CA357D2483729CD38B52ED6A612/S027250371900123Xa.pdf/remarks_by_kristina_irion.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.123}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-11}, journal = {Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - American Society of International Law}, volume = {112}, pages = {220-226}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Ryngaert, C.M.J., van Eijk, N. International Data Privacy Law, 2019 (1), pp. 61-73, 2019. @article{Ryngaert2019, title = {International cooperation by (European) security and intelligence services: reviewing the creation of a joint database in light of data protection guarantees}, author = {Ryngaert, C.M.J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IDPL_2019_1.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipz001}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-09}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {61-73}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum European Intellectual Property Review, 2019 (4), pp. 199-202, 2019, (This opinion is based on a keynote speech delivered at the KEI Seminar, "Appraising the WIPO Broadcast treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture", Geneva, 3-4 October 2018.). @article{Hugenholtz2019c, title = {The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EIPR_2019_4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-04}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {2019}, number = {4}, pages = {199-202}, abstract = {The Broadcasting Treaty that has been discussed at WIPO for over twenty years, seems to be reaching a dead end. The Treaty that aims at extending the legal protection of broadcasters to the digital realm, suffers from three serious flaws: one economic, one conceptual and one pragmatic. Due to the decreasing technical costs of broadcasting, the economic case for granting special rights to broadcasters is weakening. Moreover, properly defining the act of ‘broadcasting’ that would give rise to legal protection, is highly problematic. Finally, no real and urgent need for a new right seems to exist, in light of current legal regimes that broadcasters already rely on under national law. Perhaps the time has come to abandon work on the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty, and move on.}, note = {This opinion is based on a keynote speech delivered at the KEI Seminar, "Appraising the WIPO Broadcast treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture", Geneva, 3-4 October 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Broadcasting Treaty that has been discussed at WIPO for over twenty years, seems to be reaching a dead end. The Treaty that aims at extending the legal protection of broadcasters to the digital realm, suffers from three serious flaws: one economic, one conceptual and one pragmatic. Due to the decreasing technical costs of broadcasting, the economic case for granting special rights to broadcasters is weakening. Moreover, properly defining the act of ‘broadcasting’ that would give rise to legal protection, is highly problematic. Finally, no real and urgent need for a new right seems to exist, in light of current legal regimes that broadcasters already rely on under national law. Perhaps the time has come to abandon work on the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty, and move on. |
| Til, G. van Zelfregulering door online platforms: een waar wondermiddel tegen online desinformatie? Mediaforum, 2019 (1), pp. 2-13, 2019. @article{Til2019b, title = {Zelfregulering door online platforms: een waar wondermiddel tegen online desinformatie?}, author = {Til, G. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_1_vanTil.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-29}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {2-13}, abstract = {In aanloop naar de Europese parlementsverkiezingen van mei 2019 heeft de Europese Commissie haar inspanningen in de bestrijding van online desinformatie opgevoerd. Veel hoop is daarbij gevestigd op een initiatief van zelfregulering door online platforms en de advertentie-industrie in de vorm van een Code of Practice. In dit artikel wordt de rol die de Europese Commissie momenteel voor zichzelf weggelegd ziet voor zelfregulering kritisch beschouwd en wordt aansluiting gezocht bij een pleidooi voor een meer gezamenlijke aanpak van het probleem van online desinformatie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In aanloop naar de Europese parlementsverkiezingen van mei 2019 heeft de Europese Commissie haar inspanningen in de bestrijding van online desinformatie opgevoerd. Veel hoop is daarbij gevestigd op een initiatief van zelfregulering door online platforms en de advertentie-industrie in de vorm van een Code of Practice. In dit artikel wordt de rol die de Europese Commissie momenteel voor zichzelf weggelegd ziet voor zelfregulering kritisch beschouwd en wordt aansluiting gezocht bij een pleidooi voor een meer gezamenlijke aanpak van het probleem van online desinformatie. |
| van Eechoud, M. Wetsvoorstel open overheid nadert eindstreep Mediaforum, 2019 (1), pp. 1, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019c, title = {Wetsvoorstel open overheid nadert eindstreep}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-29}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije) European Human Rights Cases, 2019 (3), pp. 170-174, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019c, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-29}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {170-174}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 28 juni 2018 (M.L. en W.W. / Duitsland) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2019 (12), pp. 1624-1626, 2019. @article{Dommering2019, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 28 juni 2018 (M.L. en W.W. / Duitsland)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_97.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-29}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2019}, number = {12}, pages = {1624-1626}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019c, title = {The science of piracy, the piracy of science. Who are the science pirates and where do they come from: Part 2}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/03/21/the-science-of-piracy-the-piracy-of-science-who-are-the-science-pirates-and-where-do-they-come-from-part-2/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-21}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B., Dobber, T., Fahy, R., Irion, K., Kruikemeier, S., Möller, J., Stapel, S., Vreese, C.H. de, Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Online politieke microtargeting: Een zegen of een vloek voor de democratie? Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB), 2019 (10), pp. 528-669, 2019. @article{Borgesius2019b, title = {Online politieke microtargeting: Een zegen of een vloek voor de democratie?}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and M\"{o}ller, J. and Dobber, T. and Kruikemeier, S. and Irion, K. and Stapel, S. and Fahy, R. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NJB_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-19}, journal = {Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB)}, volume = {2019}, number = {10}, pages = {528-669}, abstract = {Voor online politieke microtargeting wordt het online-gedrag van mensen in kaart gebracht en worden de verzamelde gegevens gebruikt om mensen gerichte politieke advertenties te tonen. Microtargeting is vanuit de VS komen overwaaien naar Europa en heeft voor- en nadelen voor de democratie. Microtargeting kan politieke partijen helpen om mensen effectief te bereiken en kan politieke betrokkenheid stimuleren. Maar microtargeting kan ook een bedreiging vormen voor de democratie. Zo kan een politieke partij zich verschillend voordoen aan verschillende mensen. Bovendien bedreigt het verzamelen van persoonsgegevens onze privacy. Dit artikel brengt de beloftes en bedreigingen van microtargeting voor de democratie in kaart en schetst mogelijkheden voor beleidsmakers om het gebruik van microtargeting te reguleren.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Voor online politieke microtargeting wordt het online-gedrag van mensen in kaart gebracht en worden de verzamelde gegevens gebruikt om mensen gerichte politieke advertenties te tonen. Microtargeting is vanuit de VS komen overwaaien naar Europa en heeft voor- en nadelen voor de democratie. Microtargeting kan politieke partijen helpen om mensen effectief te bereiken en kan politieke betrokkenheid stimuleren. Maar microtargeting kan ook een bedreiging vormen voor de democratie. Zo kan een politieke partij zich verschillend voordoen aan verschillende mensen. Bovendien bedreigt het verzamelen van persoonsgegevens onze privacy. Dit artikel brengt de beloftes en bedreigingen van microtargeting voor de democratie in kaart en schetst mogelijkheden voor beleidsmakers om het gebruik van microtargeting te reguleren. |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2019 (150), pp. 8813-8814, 2019. @article{vanEijk2019, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_150_telecom.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-14}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, number = {150}, pages = {8813-8814}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. Heks'nkaas or the "Fifty Shades of Taste" Explained by the CJEU through EU Copyright Law European Intellectual Property Review, 2019 (3), pp. 173-180, 2019. @article{Coche2019b, title = {Heks'nkaas or the "Fifty Shades of Taste" Explained by the CJEU through EU Copyright Law}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {http://uba-sfx.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/uva-linker?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:azlist&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=110978977740233&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off;}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-12}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {173-180}, abstract = {If the CJEU were to grant a prize to the 2018 most "original" copyright dispute, Levola Hengola v Smilde Foods (C-310/17) (the Heks’nkaas case) would undoubtedly stand among the nominees. The main reason why this case hit the spotlight is most probably because it touched upon the fundamentals of EU copyright law, namely its protectable subject-matter. Intriguingly, the complexities of copyright were unveiled by the following question: "Does Union law preclude the taste of food\textemdashas the author’s own intellectual creation\textemdashfrom being protected by copyright?" Notwithstanding the court’s dissenting answer, which clarified the scope of EU copyright law, it is of paramount importance to also discuss and unravel the ruling’s preceding procedure, including the Opinion by the Advocate General, as it shed light on the many existing controversies within copyright law.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } If the CJEU were to grant a prize to the 2018 most "original" copyright dispute, Levola Hengola v Smilde Foods (C-310/17) (the Heks’nkaas case) would undoubtedly stand among the nominees. The main reason why this case hit the spotlight is most probably because it touched upon the fundamentals of EU copyright law, namely its protectable subject-matter. Intriguingly, the complexities of copyright were unveiled by the following question: "Does Union law preclude the taste of food—as the author’s own intellectual creation—from being protected by copyright?" Notwithstanding the court’s dissenting answer, which clarified the scope of EU copyright law, it is of paramount importance to also discuss and unravel the ruling’s preceding procedure, including the Opinion by the Advocate General, as it shed light on the many existing controversies within copyright law. |
| Delinavelli, G. The EU Counterfeit & Piracy Watch List: political aims and legal challenges Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Delinavelli2019, title = {The EU Counterfeit & Piracy Watch List: political aims and legal challenges}, author = {Delinavelli, G.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/03/05/the-eu-counterfeit-piracy-watch-list-political-aims-and-legal-challenges/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019b, title = {The science of piracy, the piracy of science. Who are the science pirates and where do they come from: Part 1}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/03/06/the-science-of-piracy-the-piracy-of-science-who-are-the-science-pirates-and-where-do-they-come-from-part-1/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Smaak, auteursrecht en objectafbakening: over perceptie en bepaalbaarheid AMI, 2019 (1), pp. 9-16, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019d, title = {Smaak, auteursrecht en objectafbakening: over perceptie en bepaalbaarheid}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {9-16}, abstract = {Het hoge woord is eruit: op smaak rust geen auteursrecht. Dit volgt direct uit het Levola/Smilde-arrest, waarin het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU) vaststelt dat de Auteursrechtrichtlijn (Richtlijn 2001/29) ‘eraan in de weg staat dat de smaak van een voedingsmiddel op grond van deze richtlijn auteursrechtelijk wordt beschermd en dat een nationale wettelijke regeling in die zin wordt uitgelegd dat zij auteursrechtelijke bescherming verleent aan een dergelijke smaak’. De reden om smaak van auteursrechtelijk bescherming uit te sluiten is dat smaak onvoldoende nauwkeurig en objectief bepaalbaar is om object van bescherming te zijn. Als verklaring wijst het HvJ EU op de subjectiviteit en variabiliteit van de smaakperceptie en het ontbreken van technische middelen voor smaakbepaling. Zoals in deze bijdrage wordt uiteengezet, is deze argumentatie niet overtuigend en zelfs ondeugdelijk. Het bepaalbaarheidsvereiste is evenwel plausibel en navolgenswaardig, omdat het beoogt om meer rechtszekerheid te cre\"{e}ren over het object van auteursrechtelijke bescherming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het hoge woord is eruit: op smaak rust geen auteursrecht. Dit volgt direct uit het Levola/Smilde-arrest, waarin het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU) vaststelt dat de Auteursrechtrichtlijn (Richtlijn 2001/29) ‘eraan in de weg staat dat de smaak van een voedingsmiddel op grond van deze richtlijn auteursrechtelijk wordt beschermd en dat een nationale wettelijke regeling in die zin wordt uitgelegd dat zij auteursrechtelijke bescherming verleent aan een dergelijke smaak’. De reden om smaak van auteursrechtelijk bescherming uit te sluiten is dat smaak onvoldoende nauwkeurig en objectief bepaalbaar is om object van bescherming te zijn. Als verklaring wijst het HvJ EU op de subjectiviteit en variabiliteit van de smaakperceptie en het ontbreken van technische middelen voor smaakbepaling. Zoals in deze bijdrage wordt uiteengezet, is deze argumentatie niet overtuigend en zelfs ondeugdelijk. Het bepaalbaarheidsvereiste is evenwel plausibel en navolgenswaardig, omdat het beoogt om meer rechtszekerheid te creëren over het object van auteursrechtelijke bescherming. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Openbaarheid van tarieven en licentievoorwaarden van cbo’s AMI, 2019 (1), pp. 1-8, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019b, title = {Openbaarheid van tarieven en licentievoorwaarden van cbo’s}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_1_PBH.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Op grond van de Wet toezicht zijn collectieve beheersorganisaties verplicht ‘standaardlicentieovereenkomsten en normaal toepasselijke tarieven’ actief openbaar te maken. Over de betekenis en reikwijdte van deze verplichting bestaat in Nederland onduidelijkheid en zelfs onenigheid, maar (nog) geen jurisprudentie. In dit artikel wordt gepoogd om, mede aan de hand van een analyse van de rechtsgronden van deze verplichting, te komen tot een juiste en in de praktijk hanteerbare interpretatie van de openbaarheidsplicht.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Op grond van de Wet toezicht zijn collectieve beheersorganisaties verplicht ‘standaardlicentieovereenkomsten en normaal toepasselijke tarieven’ actief openbaar te maken. Over de betekenis en reikwijdte van deze verplichting bestaat in Nederland onduidelijkheid en zelfs onenigheid, maar (nog) geen jurisprudentie. In dit artikel wordt gepoogd om, mede aan de hand van een analyse van de rechtsgronden van deze verplichting, te komen tot een juiste en in de praktijk hanteerbare interpretatie van de openbaarheidsplicht. |
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 8 juni 2018 (Pearson) AMI, 2019 (1), pp. 34-39, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 8 juni 2018 (Pearson)}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {34-39}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 19 november 2018 (TVS / Revo) AMI, 2019 (1), pp. 40-41, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019b, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 19 november 2018 (TVS / Revo)}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_1_p40.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {40-41}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hoofnagle, C.J., van der Sloot, B., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation: What It Is And What It Means Information & Communications Technology Law, 2019 , 2019. @article{Hoofnagle2018, title = {The European Union General Data Protection Regulation: What It Is And What It Means}, author = {Hoofnagle, C.J. and van der Sloot, B. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13600834.2019.1573501}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-12}, journal = {Information & Communications Technology Law}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {This article introduces U.S. lawyers and academics to the normative foundations, attributes, and strategic approach to regulating personal data advanced by the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). We explain the genesis of the GDPR, which is best understood as an extension and refinement of existing requirements imposed by the 1995 Data Protection Directive; describe the GDPR’s approach and provisions; and make predictions about the GDPR’s short and medium-term implications. The GDPR is the most consequential regulatory development in information policy in a generation. The GDPR brings personal data into a detailed and protective regulatory regime, which will influence personal data usage worldwide. Understood properly, the GDPR encourages firms to develop information governance frameworks, to in-house data use, and to keep humans in the loop in decision making. Companies with direct relationships with consumers have strategic advantages under the GDPR, compared to third party advertising firms on the internet. To reach these objectives, the GDPR uses big sticks, structural elements that make proving violations easier, but only a few carrots. The GDPR will complicate and restrain some information-intensive business models. But the GDPR will also enable approaches previously impossible under less-protective approaches.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article introduces U.S. lawyers and academics to the normative foundations, attributes, and strategic approach to regulating personal data advanced by the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). We explain the genesis of the GDPR, which is best understood as an extension and refinement of existing requirements imposed by the 1995 Data Protection Directive; describe the GDPR’s approach and provisions; and make predictions about the GDPR’s short and medium-term implications. The GDPR is the most consequential regulatory development in information policy in a generation. The GDPR brings personal data into a detailed and protective regulatory regime, which will influence personal data usage worldwide. Understood properly, the GDPR encourages firms to develop information governance frameworks, to in-house data use, and to keep humans in the loop in decision making. Companies with direct relationships with consumers have strategic advantages under the GDPR, compared to third party advertising firms on the internet. To reach these objectives, the GDPR uses big sticks, structural elements that make proving violations easier, but only a few carrots. The GDPR will complicate and restrain some information-intensive business models. But the GDPR will also enable approaches previously impossible under less-protective approaches. |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Internet Policy Review, 8 (1), 2019. @article{Poort2019b, title = {Does everyone have a price? Understanding people’s attitude towards online and offline price discrimination}, author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/does-everyone-have-price-understanding-peoples-attitude-towards-online-and-offline}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-12}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, abstract = {Online stores can present a different price to each customer. Such algorithmic personalised pricing can lead to advanced forms of price discrimination based on the characteristics and behaviour of individual consumers. We conducted two consumer surveys among a representative sample of the Dutch population (N=1233 and N=1202), to analyse consumer attitudes towards a list of examples of price discrimination and dynamic pricing. A vast majority finds online price discrimination unfair and unacceptable, and thinks it should be banned. However, some pricing strategies that have been used by companies for decades are almost equally unpopular. We analyse the results to better understand why people dislike many types of price discrimination.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Online stores can present a different price to each customer. Such algorithmic personalised pricing can lead to advanced forms of price discrimination based on the characteristics and behaviour of individual consumers. We conducted two consumer surveys among a representative sample of the Dutch population (N=1233 and N=1202), to analyse consumer attitudes towards a list of examples of price discrimination and dynamic pricing. A vast majority finds online price discrimination unfair and unacceptable, and thinks it should be banned. However, some pricing strategies that have been used by companies for decades are almost equally unpopular. We analyse the results to better understand why people dislike many types of price discrimination. |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 28 augustus 2018 (Savva Terentyyev / Rusland) European Human Rights Cases, (1), pp. 10-14, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019b, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 28 augustus 2018 (Savva Terentyyev / Rusland)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-12}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, number = {1}, pages = {10-14}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Thije, P. ten Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Thije2019b, title = {Bastei L\"{u}bbe: “Fundamental Rights as a defence to circumvent enforcement of Copyright protection? No!”, says CJEU.}, author = {Thije, P. ten}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/02/11/bastei-lubbe-fundamental-rights-as-a-defence-to-circumvent-enforcement-of-copyright-protection-no-says-cjeu/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-12}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Til, G. van The Netherlands in 'Automating Society – Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU' 2019. @techreport{Til2019, title = {The Netherlands in 'Automating Society \textendash Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU'}, author = {Til, G. van}, editor = {Spielkamp, M.S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/automating_society_report_2019/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-11}, booktitle = {Automating Society \textendash Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU}, pages = {93-102}, publisher = {AlgorithmWatch & Bertelsmann Stiftung}, edition = {1}, abstract = {Systems for automated decision-making or decision support (ADM) are on the rise in EU countries: Profiling job applicants based on their personal emails in Finland, allocating treatment for patients in the public health system in Italy, sorting the unemployed in Poland, automatically identifying children vulnerable to neglect in Denmark, detecting welfare fraud in the Netherlands, credit scoring systems in many EU countries \textendash the range of applications has broadened to almost all aspects of daily life. This begs a lot of questions: Do we need new laws? Do we need new oversight institutions? Who do we fund to develop answers to the challenges ahead? Where should we invest? How do we enable citizens \textendash patients, employees, consumers \textendash to deal with this? For the report “Automating Society \textendash Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU”, our experts have looked at the situation at the EU level but also in 12 Member States: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. We assessed not only the political discussions and initiatives in these countries but also present a section “ADM in Action” for all states, listing examples of automated decision-making already in use. This is the first time a comprehensive study has been done on the state of automated decision-making in Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Systems for automated decision-making or decision support (ADM) are on the rise in EU countries: Profiling job applicants based on their personal emails in Finland, allocating treatment for patients in the public health system in Italy, sorting the unemployed in Poland, automatically identifying children vulnerable to neglect in Denmark, detecting welfare fraud in the Netherlands, credit scoring systems in many EU countries – the range of applications has broadened to almost all aspects of daily life. This begs a lot of questions: Do we need new laws? Do we need new oversight institutions? Who do we fund to develop answers to the challenges ahead? Where should we invest? How do we enable citizens – patients, employees, consumers – to deal with this? For the report “Automating Society – Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU”, our experts have looked at the situation at the EU level but also in 12 Member States: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. We assessed not only the political discussions and initiatives in these countries but also present a section “ADM in Action” for all states, listing examples of automated decision-making already in use. This is the first time a comprehensive study has been done on the state of automated decision-making in Europe. |
| Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Discrimination, artificial intelligence, and algorithmic decision-making , 2019. @techreport{Borgesius2019, title = {Discrimination, artificial intelligence, and algorithmic decision-making}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/discrimination-artificial-intelligence-and-algorithmic-decision-making/1680925d73}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-08}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {This report, written for the Anti-discrimination department of the Council of Europe, concerns discrimination caused by algorithmic decision-making and other types of artificial intelligence (AI). AI advances important goals, such as efficiency, health and economic growth but it can also have discriminatory effects, for instance when AI systems learn from biased human decisions. In the public and the private sector, organisations can take AI-driven decisions with farreaching effects for people. Public sector bodies can use AI for predictive policing for example, or for making decisions on eligibility for pension payments, housing assistance or unemployment benefits. In the private sector, AI can be used to select job applicants, and banks can use AI to decide whether to grant individual consumers credit and set interest rates for them. Moreover, many small decisions, taken together, can have large effects. By way of illustration, AI-driven price discrimination could lead to certain groups in society consistently paying more. The most relevant legal tools to mitigate the risks of AI-driven discrimination are nondiscrimination law and data protection law. If effectively enforced, both these legal tools could help to fight illegal discrimination. Council of Europe member States, human rights monitoring bodies, such as the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, and Equality Bodies should aim for better enforcement of current nondiscrimination norms. But AI also opens the way for new types of unfair differentiation (some might say discrimination) that escape current laws. Most non-discrimination statutes apply only to discrimination on the basis of protected characteristics, such as skin colour. Such statutes do not apply if an AI system invents new classes, which do not correlate with protected characteristics, to differentiate between people. Such differentiation could still be unfair, however, for instance when it reinforces social inequality. We probably need additional regulation to protect fairness and human rights in the area of AI. But regulating AI in general is not the right approach, as the use of AI systems is too varied for one set of rules. In different sectors, different values are at stake, and different problems arise. Therefore, sector-specific rules should be considered. More research and debate are needed. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This report, written for the Anti-discrimination department of the Council of Europe, concerns discrimination caused by algorithmic decision-making and other types of artificial intelligence (AI). AI advances important goals, such as efficiency, health and economic growth but it can also have discriminatory effects, for instance when AI systems learn from biased human decisions. In the public and the private sector, organisations can take AI-driven decisions with farreaching effects for people. Public sector bodies can use AI for predictive policing for example, or for making decisions on eligibility for pension payments, housing assistance or unemployment benefits. In the private sector, AI can be used to select job applicants, and banks can use AI to decide whether to grant individual consumers credit and set interest rates for them. Moreover, many small decisions, taken together, can have large effects. By way of illustration, AI-driven price discrimination could lead to certain groups in society consistently paying more. The most relevant legal tools to mitigate the risks of AI-driven discrimination are nondiscrimination law and data protection law. If effectively enforced, both these legal tools could help to fight illegal discrimination. Council of Europe member States, human rights monitoring bodies, such as the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, and Equality Bodies should aim for better enforcement of current nondiscrimination norms. But AI also opens the way for new types of unfair differentiation (some might say discrimination) that escape current laws. Most non-discrimination statutes apply only to discrimination on the basis of protected characteristics, such as skin colour. Such statutes do not apply if an AI system invents new classes, which do not correlate with protected characteristics, to differentiate between people. Such differentiation could still be unfair, however, for instance when it reinforces social inequality. We probably need additional regulation to protect fairness and human rights in the area of AI. But regulating AI in general is not the right approach, as the use of AI systems is too varied for one set of rules. In different sectors, different values are at stake, and different problems arise. Therefore, sector-specific rules should be considered. More research and debate are needed. |
| Fahy, R., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An Analysis of SEC Disclosures Journal of Business & Technology Law , 14 (1), 2019. @article{Fahy2019e, title = {Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An Analysis of SEC Disclosures}, author = {Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/jbtl/vol14/iss1/4/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-06}, journal = {Journal of Business & Technology Law }, volume = {14}, number = {1}, abstract = {This Article systematically examines the dependence of mobile apps on mobile platforms for the collection and use of personal information through an analysis of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings of mobile app companies. The Article uses these disclosures to find systematic evidence of how app business models are shaped by the governance of user data by mobile platforms, in order to reflect on the role of platforms in privacy regulation more generally. The analysis of SEC filings documented in the Article produces new and unique insights into the data practices and data-related aspects of the business models of popular mobile apps and shows the value of SEC filings for privacy law and policy research more generally. The discussion of SEC filings and privacy builds on regulatory developments in SEC disclosures and cybersecurity of the last decade. The Article also connects to recent regulatory developments in the U.S. and Europe, including the General Data Protection Regulation, the proposals for a new ePrivacy Regulation and a Regulation of fairness in business-to-platform relations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This Article systematically examines the dependence of mobile apps on mobile platforms for the collection and use of personal information through an analysis of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings of mobile app companies. The Article uses these disclosures to find systematic evidence of how app business models are shaped by the governance of user data by mobile platforms, in order to reflect on the role of platforms in privacy regulation more generally. The analysis of SEC filings documented in the Article produces new and unique insights into the data practices and data-related aspects of the business models of popular mobile apps and shows the value of SEC filings for privacy law and policy research more generally. The discussion of SEC filings and privacy builds on regulatory developments in SEC disclosures and cybersecurity of the last decade. The Article also connects to recent regulatory developments in the U.S. and Europe, including the General Data Protection Regulation, the proposals for a new ePrivacy Regulation and a Regulation of fairness in business-to-platform relations. |
| Schroff, S. An alternative universe? Authors as copyright owners- the case of the Japanese Manga Industry Creative Industries Journal, 2019 , 2019. @article{Schroff2019, title = {An alternative universe? Authors as copyright owners- the case of the Japanese Manga Industry}, author = {Schroff, S.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17510694.2018.1563420}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-31}, journal = {Creative Industries Journal}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {Comics today are a major business and they form the source material for a whole range of sectors in the creative industries. In an environment where major investments are necessary to turn a comic into a cross-media success, commercial intermediaries such as Disney have become the key copyright holders. By controlling the copyright, they ensure full control over all aspects of its monetisation. However, this is not the only way success can be achieved on a commercial scale. In Japan, the creators of comics (Mangaka) keep their copyright- a direct contradiction to current copyright thinking. This paper addresses this conundrum by examining both the Manga business and copyright law to identify if the reasons why copyright is not centralised in the hands of the commercial intermediary, especially the publishers. The analysis will show that while there are differences between Japan and the EU/US, but these do not affect the role of copyright law and indeed failing to acquire the rights is a choice, not a necessity. Instead, this article will highlight that the competitive Manga market in combination with the uniquely Japanese publication right and social control best explain why Mangas are successful and Mangaka keep their rights.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Comics today are a major business and they form the source material for a whole range of sectors in the creative industries. In an environment where major investments are necessary to turn a comic into a cross-media success, commercial intermediaries such as Disney have become the key copyright holders. By controlling the copyright, they ensure full control over all aspects of its monetisation. However, this is not the only way success can be achieved on a commercial scale. In Japan, the creators of comics (Mangaka) keep their copyright- a direct contradiction to current copyright thinking. This paper addresses this conundrum by examining both the Manga business and copyright law to identify if the reasons why copyright is not centralised in the hands of the commercial intermediary, especially the publishers. The analysis will show that while there are differences between Japan and the EU/US, but these do not affect the role of copyright law and indeed failing to acquire the rights is a choice, not a necessity. Instead, this article will highlight that the competitive Manga market in combination with the uniquely Japanese publication right and social control best explain why Mangas are successful and Mangaka keep their rights. |
| Mil, J. van German BGH – Does YouTube Perform Acts of Communication to the Public? Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018 , 2019. @article{Mil2019, title = {German BGH \textendash Does YouTube Perform Acts of Communication to the Public?}, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/01/27/german-bgh-does-youtube-perform-acts-of-communication-to-the-public/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-29}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Annotatie bij Rb. Amsterdam 27 augustus 2018 (Rutten / RF Mediaproducties) AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 257, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019b, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Amsterdam 27 augustus 2018 (Rutten / RF Mediaproducties)}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_6_257.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-18}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {257}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Annotatie bij Rb. Overijssel 12 juni 2018 (Eiser / Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 259-260, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Overijssel 12 juni 2018 (Eiser / Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_6_259.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-18}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {259-260}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P., Lindhout, P., Poort, J., Til, G. van 2019, (Study requested by the CULT Committee, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, PE 629.186, European Parliament - January 2019). @techreport{Poort2019, title = {Film Financing and the Digital Single Market: its Future, the Role of Territoriality and New Models of Financing}, author = {Poort, J. and Hugenholtz, P. and Lindhout, P. and Til, G. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IPOL_STU2019629186_EN.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-17}, abstract = {This report studies the role of territoriality in film financing, the legal and market challenges territoriality faces as a key model for film financing and the consequences if EU policies were to reduce or mitigate the scope of territorial exclusivity in the audiovisual sector. It provides information on Member States’ and EU models of film financing, explores the challenges film financing faces from digital developments and evolving consumer behaviour and analyses possible alternatives to traditional methods of financing and policies to support this.}, note = {Study requested by the CULT Committee, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, PE 629.186, European Parliament - January 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This report studies the role of territoriality in film financing, the legal and market challenges territoriality faces as a key model for film financing and the consequences if EU policies were to reduce or mitigate the scope of territorial exclusivity in the audiovisual sector. It provides information on Member States’ and EU models of film financing, explores the challenges film financing faces from digital developments and evolving consumer behaviour and analyses possible alternatives to traditional methods of financing and policies to support this. |
| Bodó, B., Handke, Christian W., Quintais, J. Truce in the Copyright War? The Pros and Cons of Copyright Compensation Systems for Digital Use Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, 15 (2), pp. 23-56, 2019. @article{HandkeBodoQuintais2018, title = {Truce in the Copyright War? The Pros and Cons of Copyright Compensation Systems for Digital Use }, author = {Handke, Christian W. and Quintais, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. }, url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3311019 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-16}, journal = {Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {23-56}, abstract = {This paper discusses copyright compensation systems (CCS) -- that provide licenses for downloading and non-commercial use of copyright works in return for a fee -- in the light of welfare economics and transaction cost economics. Recent empirical studies suggest that CCS could improve social welfare at least for recorded music. The general theme of the theoretical discussion in this paper is a simplicity-flexibility trade-off. On the one hand, CCS seek to reduce the costs of administering and trading copyrights online. On the other hand, standard copyright licenses distort the market mechanism. This paper discusses the costs and benefits of various CCS proposals compared to alternative ways of managing copyright online. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper discusses copyright compensation systems (CCS) -- that provide licenses for downloading and non-commercial use of copyright works in return for a fee -- in the light of welfare economics and transaction cost economics. Recent empirical studies suggest that CCS could improve social welfare at least for recorded music. The general theme of the theoretical discussion in this paper is a simplicity-flexibility trade-off. On the one hand, CCS seek to reduce the costs of administering and trading copyrights online. On the other hand, standard copyright licenses distort the market mechanism. This paper discusses the costs and benefits of various CCS proposals compared to alternative ways of managing copyright online. |
| Bodó, B., Ferrari, V., Giannopoulou, A., Quintais, J. Blockchain and the Law: A Critical Evaluation Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy, 2 (1), 2019. @article{Quintais2019b, title = {Blockchain and the Law: A Critical Evaluation}, author = {Quintais, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Giannopoulou, A. and Ferrari, V.}, url = {https://stanford-jblp.pubpub.org/pub/blockchain-and-law-evaluation}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-16}, journal = {Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Ten geleide: 'A je to!' 25 jaar Wet op de naburige rechten AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 235, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019, title = {Ten geleide: 'A je to!' 25 jaar Wet op de naburige rechten}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2018_6.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {235}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. De naburige rechten hebben hun tijd gehad AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 243-244, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019, title = {De naburige rechten hebben hun tijd gehad}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2018_6-3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {243-244}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Gervais, D.J. Related rights in United States law AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 245-251, 2019. @article{Gervais2019, title = {Related rights in United States law}, author = {Gervais, D.J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2018_6-2.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {245-251}, abstract = {This article explains the origin of the rights of performers, sound recording producers, audiovisual producers and broadcasters in the United States. As US law does not formally recognize a category of ‘related rights’, some of those rights exist under copyright law and are, therefore, subject to copyright rules such as the originality requirement, the possibility for authors to claim rights back 35 years after a transfer by contract, and the work-made-for-hire doctrine. Other rights are protected under different statutes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article explains the origin of the rights of performers, sound recording producers, audiovisual producers and broadcasters in the United States. As US law does not formally recognize a category of ‘related rights’, some of those rights exist under copyright law and are, therefore, subject to copyright rules such as the originality requirement, the possibility for authors to claim rights back 35 years after a transfer by contract, and the work-made-for-hire doctrine. Other rights are protected under different statutes. |
| McGonagle, T. Agreement of the [Dutch] Steering Group on Aggression and Violence against Journalists 2019. @techreport{McGonagle2019, title = {Agreement of the [Dutch] Steering Group on Aggression and Violence against Journalists}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Agreement-of-the-Steering-Group-on-Aggression-and-violence-against-journalists-EN-translation.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, abstract = {Unofficial translation by T. McGonagle of "Akkoord Stuurgroep Agressie en geweld tegen journalisten", July 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Unofficial translation by T. McGonagle of "Akkoord Stuurgroep Agressie en geweld tegen journalisten", July 2018 |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Thou shalt not sample...without permission! Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Quintais2019, title = {Thou shalt not sample...without permission!}, author = {Quintais, J. and J\"{u}tte, B.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/01/02/thou-shalt-not-sample-without-permission/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Korthals Altes, W. Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 165, 2019, (Opinie). @article{Altes2019, title = {Het is allemaal fake}, author = {Korthals Altes, W.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Mediaforum_2018_6.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {165}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Nieuwenhuis, A. Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 166-170, 2019. @article{Nieuwenhuis2019, title = {Fake news: een plaatsbepaling}, author = {Nieuwenhuis, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6-1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {166-170}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hins, A. De taak van sociale media bij het bestrijden van desinformatie Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 171-175, 2019. @article{Hins2019, title = {De taak van sociale media bij het bestrijden van desinformatie}, author = {Hins, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6-2.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {171-175}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 185-189, 2019. @article{Coche2019, title = {'Fake news' en desinformatie in Belgi\"{e}: weinig zorgen, problemen voor morgen?: Een analyse van dit mediafenomeen in Belgi\"{e}}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6-3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {185-189}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| M. Klus, Plaizier, C. 'Nepnieuws' in Nederland: verschijningsvormen van en potentiële oplossingen voor dit containerbegrip Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 190-193, 2019. @article{Plaizier2019, title = {'Nepnieuws' in Nederland: verschijningsvormen van en potenti\"{e}le oplossingen voor dit containerbegrip}, author = {Plaizier, C. and M. Klus}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6-4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {190-193}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B., Eskens, S., Helberger, N., Möller, J. Digital Journalism, 7 (2), pp. 206-229, 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019, title = {Interested in diversity: The role of user attitudes, algorithmic feedback loops, and policy in news personalization}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Helberger, N. and Eskens, S. and M\"{o}ller, J.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292}, doi = {10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-08}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {206-229}, abstract = {Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users are more exposed to personalized news and show little concern about diverse news recommendations. Quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust are incentivized to implement personalization algorithms that aim for diversity and high quality recommendations. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to solve that issue.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users are more exposed to personalized news and show little concern about diverse news recommendations. Quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust are incentivized to implement personalization algorithms that aim for diversity and high quality recommendations. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to solve that issue. |
| Thije, P. ten Online platforms and the advertising industry deliver EU Code of Practice on disinformation IRIS Newsletter , 2019. @article{tenThije2019a, title = {Online platforms and the advertising industry deliver EU Code of Practice on disinformation}, author = {Thije, P. ten}, url = {https://merlin.obs.coe.int/iris/2019/1/article7.en.html}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, urldate = {2019-01-14}, journal = {IRIS Newsletter }, organization = {IRIS Newsletter & Merlin Database}, abstract = {The newsletter and Merlin Database entry describe the most recent European Union Code of Practice on disinformation and fake news. The code of practice was created by online platforms such as Google and Facebook and the advertising industry to counter fake news online.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The newsletter and Merlin Database entry describe the most recent European Union Code of Practice on disinformation and fake news. The code of practice was created by online platforms such as Google and Facebook and the advertising industry to counter fake news online. |
| McGonagle, T. De Raad van Europa en online desinformatie: laveren tussen zorgen en zorgplichten? Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 180-184, 2018. @article{McGonagle2018g, title = {De Raad van Europa en online desinformatie: laveren tussen zorgen en zorgplichten?}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-18}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {180-184}, abstract = {Na alle hype rondom ‘fake news’, lijkt het gebruik van de term nu een behoorlijke terugslag te krijgen. Waar ‘fake news’ in 2016 en 2017 in rap tempo tot een buzz word was uitgegroeid, lijkt het inmiddels een vies woord te zijn geworden. Het heeft een militante connotatie gekregen en wordt in toenemende mate gebruikt om kritische journalisten en media te beschuldigen van het verspreiden van valse berichten, en daarmee hun werk en reputatie te ondermijnen. Daarom wordt steeds vaker de term desinformatie gebruikt als vervanger van ‘fake news’. Dit artikel staat stil bij deze terminologische verschuiving en legt uit waarom het van belang is afstand te nemen van de term ‘fake news’. Vervolgens wordt de angst voor schadelijke gevolgen van ‘fake news’ of desinformatie met de nodige nuchterheid geanalyseerd. Is er reden voor zorg en zo ja, welke juridische, politieke en praktische maatregelen heeft de Raad van Europa tot haar beschikking om (online) desinformatie tegen te gaan? Verder wordt ook onderzocht of, en in hoeverre, deze maatregelen hun grondslag vinden in de (negatieve en) positieve verplichtingen van Verdragspartijen bij het EVRM. Het artikel sluit af met een conclusie en enkele aanbevelingen voor het ontmantelen en het terugdringen van online desinformatie. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Na alle hype rondom ‘fake news’, lijkt het gebruik van de term nu een behoorlijke terugslag te krijgen. Waar ‘fake news’ in 2016 en 2017 in rap tempo tot een buzz word was uitgegroeid, lijkt het inmiddels een vies woord te zijn geworden. Het heeft een militante connotatie gekregen en wordt in toenemende mate gebruikt om kritische journalisten en media te beschuldigen van het verspreiden van valse berichten, en daarmee hun werk en reputatie te ondermijnen. Daarom wordt steeds vaker de term desinformatie gebruikt als vervanger van ‘fake news’. Dit artikel staat stil bij deze terminologische verschuiving en legt uit waarom het van belang is afstand te nemen van de term ‘fake news’. Vervolgens wordt de angst voor schadelijke gevolgen van ‘fake news’ of desinformatie met de nodige nuchterheid geanalyseerd. Is er reden voor zorg en zo ja, welke juridische, politieke en praktische maatregelen heeft de Raad van Europa tot haar beschikking om (online) desinformatie tegen te gaan? Verder wordt ook onderzocht of, en in hoeverre, deze maatregelen hun grondslag vinden in de (negatieve en) positieve verplichtingen van Verdragspartijen bij het EVRM. Het artikel sluit af met een conclusie en enkele aanbevelingen voor het ontmantelen en het terugdringen van online desinformatie. |
| Breemen, J., Breemen, V. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 149 , pp. 8747-8749, 2018. @article{Breemen2018g, title = {Kroniek Mediarecht}, author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_149_mediarecht.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-14}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {149}, pages = {8747-8749}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2018 (149), pp. 8749-8751, 2018. @article{vanEijk2018m, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_149_telecom.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-14}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2018}, number = {149}, pages = {8749-8751}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2018 (146), pp. 8749-8751, 2018. @article{vanEijk2018l, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_149.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-07}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2018}, number = {146}, pages = {8749-8751}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Coche2018h, title = {‘Hommage au fromage’ or how the CJEU said farewell to Heks’nkaas by excluding copyright protection for works of taste}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/12/05/hommage-au-fromage-or-how-the-cjeu-said-farewell-to-heksnkaas-by-excluding-copyright-protection-for-works-of-taste/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-05}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Harambam, J. Sociologie, 13 (1), pp. 73-92, 2018, ISSN: 1875-7138. @article{Harambam2017, title = {De/politisering van de Waarheid: Complottheorie\"{e}n, alternatieve feiten en nepnieuws in het tijdperk van de postwaarheid}, author = {Harambam, J. }, url = {https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/aup/soc/2017/00000013/00000001/art00007#}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5117/SOC2017.1.HARA}, issn = {1875-7138}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-23}, journal = {Sociologie}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {73-92}, abstract = {The Truth dominates many public discussions today. Conventional truths from established epistemic authorities about all sorts of issues, from climate change to terrorist attacks, are increasingly challenged by ordinary citizens and presidents alike. Many have therefore proclaimed that we have entered a post-truth era: a world in which objective facts are no longer relevant. Media and politics speak in alarmist discourse about how fake news, conspiracy theories and alternative facts threaten democratic societies by destabilizing the Truth ‐ a clear sign of a moral panic. In this essay, I firstly explore what sociological changes have led to (so much commotion about) the alleged demise of the Truth. In contrast to the idea that we have moved beyond it, I argue that we are amidst public battles about the Truth: at stake is who gets to decide over that and why. I then discuss and criticize the dominant counter reaction (re-establishing the idea of one objective and irrefutable truth), which I see as an unsuccessful de-politisation strategy. Basing myself on research and experiments with epistemic democracy in the field of science studies, I end with a more effective and democratic alternative of how to deal with knowledge in the complex information landscape of today.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Truth dominates many public discussions today. Conventional truths from established epistemic authorities about all sorts of issues, from climate change to terrorist attacks, are increasingly challenged by ordinary citizens and presidents alike. Many have therefore proclaimed that we have entered a post-truth era: a world in which objective facts are no longer relevant. Media and politics speak in alarmist discourse about how fake news, conspiracy theories and alternative facts threaten democratic societies by destabilizing the Truth ‐ a clear sign of a moral panic. In this essay, I firstly explore what sociological changes have led to (so much commotion about) the alleged demise of the Truth. In contrast to the idea that we have moved beyond it, I argue that we are amidst public battles about the Truth: at stake is who gets to decide over that and why. I then discuss and criticize the dominant counter reaction (re-establishing the idea of one objective and irrefutable truth), which I see as an unsuccessful de-politisation strategy. Basing myself on research and experiments with epistemic democracy in the field of science studies, I end with a more effective and democratic alternative of how to deal with knowledge in the complex information landscape of today. |
| Harambam, J., Helberger, N., van Hoboken, J. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 376 (2135), pp. 1-21, 2018, ISBN: 1364–503X. @article{Harambam2018b, title = {Democratizing algorithmic news recommenders: how to materialize voice in a technologically saturated media ecosystem}, author = {Harambam, J. and Helberger, N. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roypta/376/2133/20180088.full.pdf }, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0088}, isbn = {1364\textendash503X}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-23}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A}, volume = {376}, number = {2135}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {The deployment of various forms of AI, most notably of machine learning algorithms, radically transforms many domains of social life. In this paper we focus on the news industry, where different algorithms are used to customize news offerings to increasingly specific audience preferences. While this personalization of news enables media organizations to be more receptive to their audience, it can be questioned whether current deployments of algorithmic news recommenders (ANR) live up to their emancipatory promise. Like in various other domains, people have little knowledge of what personal data is used and how such algorithmic curation comes about, let alone that they have any concrete ways to influence these data-driven processes. Instead of going down the intricate avenue of trying to make ANR more transparent, we explore in this article ways to give people more influence over the information news recommendation algorithms provide by thinking about and enabling possibilities to express voice. After differentiating four ideal typical modalities of expressing voice (alternation, awareness, adjustment and obfuscation) which are illustrated with currently existing empirical examples, we present and argue for algorithmic recommender personae as a way for people to take more control over the algorithms that curate people's news provision.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The deployment of various forms of AI, most notably of machine learning algorithms, radically transforms many domains of social life. In this paper we focus on the news industry, where different algorithms are used to customize news offerings to increasingly specific audience preferences. While this personalization of news enables media organizations to be more receptive to their audience, it can be questioned whether current deployments of algorithmic news recommenders (ANR) live up to their emancipatory promise. Like in various other domains, people have little knowledge of what personal data is used and how such algorithmic curation comes about, let alone that they have any concrete ways to influence these data-driven processes. Instead of going down the intricate avenue of trying to make ANR more transparent, we explore in this article ways to give people more influence over the information news recommendation algorithms provide by thinking about and enabling possibilities to express voice. After differentiating four ideal typical modalities of expressing voice (alternation, awareness, adjustment and obfuscation) which are illustrated with currently existing empirical examples, we present and argue for algorithmic recommender personae as a way for people to take more control over the algorithms that curate people's news provision. |
| Irion, K., Oostveen, M. The Golden Age of Personal Data: How to Regulate an Enabling Fundamental Right? In: Bakhoum M., Conde Gallego B., Mackenrodt MO., Surblytė-Namavičienė G. (eds) Personal Data in Competition, Consumer Protection and Intellectual Property Law. MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2018. @inbook{Oostveen2018, title = {The Golden Age of Personal Data: How to Regulate an Enabling Fundamental Right?}, author = {Oostveen, M. and Irion, K.}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-57646-5_2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-20}, publisher = {In: Bakhoum M., Conde Gallego B., Mackenrodt MO., Surblyt\.{e}-Namavi\v{c}ien\.{e} G. (eds) Personal Data in Competition, Consumer Protection and Intellectual Property Law. MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg}, abstract = {New technologies, purposes and applications to process individuals’ personal data are being developed on a massive scale. But we have not only entered the ‘golden age of personal data’ in terms of its exploitation: ours is also the ‘golden age of personal data’ in terms of regulation of its use. Understood as an enabling right, the architecture of EU data protection law is capable of protecting against many of the negative short- and long-term effects of contemporary data processing. Against the backdrop of big data applications, we evaluate how the implementation of privacy and data protection rules protect against the short- and long-term effects of contemporary data processing. We conclude that from the perspective of protecting individual fundamental rights and freedoms, it would be worthwhile to explore alternative (legal) approaches instead of relying on EU data protection law alone to cope with contemporary data processing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } New technologies, purposes and applications to process individuals’ personal data are being developed on a massive scale. But we have not only entered the ‘golden age of personal data’ in terms of its exploitation: ours is also the ‘golden age of personal data’ in terms of regulation of its use. Understood as an enabling right, the architecture of EU data protection law is capable of protecting against many of the negative short- and long-term effects of contemporary data processing. Against the backdrop of big data applications, we evaluate how the implementation of privacy and data protection rules protect against the short- and long-term effects of contemporary data processing. We conclude that from the perspective of protecting individual fundamental rights and freedoms, it would be worthwhile to explore alternative (legal) approaches instead of relying on EU data protection law alone to cope with contemporary data processing. |
| Coche, E. Internet Policy Review, 2018 (4), 2018. @article{Coche2018g, title = {Privatised enforcement and the right to freedom of expression in a world confronted with terrorism propaganda online}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/privatised-enforcement-and-right-freedom-expression-world-confronted-terrorism}, doi = {10.14763/2018.4.1382}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-06}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to explore the risks of privatised enforcement in the field of terrorism propaganda, stemming from the EU Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online. By shedding light on this Code, the author argues that implementation of it may undermine the rule of law and give rise to private censorship. In order to outweigh these risks, IT companies should improve their transparency, especially towards users whose content have been affected. Where automated means are used, the companies should always have in place some form of human intervention in order to contextualise posts. At the EU level, the Commission should provide IT companies with clearer guidelines regarding their liability exemption under the e-Commerce Directive. This would help prevent a race-to-the bottom where intermediaries choose to interpret and apply the most stringent national laws in order to secure at utmost their liability. The paper further articulates on the fine line that exists between ‘terrorist content’ and ‘illegal hate speech’ and the need for more detailed definitions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this paper is to explore the risks of privatised enforcement in the field of terrorism propaganda, stemming from the EU Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online. By shedding light on this Code, the author argues that implementation of it may undermine the rule of law and give rise to private censorship. In order to outweigh these risks, IT companies should improve their transparency, especially towards users whose content have been affected. Where automated means are used, the companies should always have in place some form of human intervention in order to contextualise posts. At the EU level, the Commission should provide IT companies with clearer guidelines regarding their liability exemption under the e-Commerce Directive. This would help prevent a race-to-the bottom where intermediaries choose to interpret and apply the most stringent national laws in order to secure at utmost their liability. The paper further articulates on the fine line that exists between ‘terrorist content’ and ‘illegal hate speech’ and the need for more detailed definitions. |
| Irion, K., Jusić, T. Budapest/ New York: CEU Press, 2018, 2018, ISBN: 978-963-386-259-9. @book{Jusi\'{c}2018, title = {Media Constrained by Context: International Assistance and the Transition to Democratic Media in the Western Balkans}, author = {Jusi\'{c}, T. and Irion, K.}, url = {http://ceupress.com/book/media-constrained-context}, isbn = {978-963-386-259-9}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-31}, publisher = {Budapest/ New York: CEU Press, 2018}, abstract = {This book compares the results of twenty years of international media assistance in the five countries of the western Balkans. It asks what happens to imported models when they are applied to newly evolving media systems in societies in transition. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Serbia undertook a range of media reforms to conform with accession requirements of the European Union and the standards of the Council of Europe, among others. The essays explore the nexus between the democratic transformation of the media and international media assistance in these countries. The cross-national analysis concludes that the effects of international assistance are highly constrained by local contexts. In hindsight it becomes clear that escalating media assistance does not necessarily improve outcomes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } This book compares the results of twenty years of international media assistance in the five countries of the western Balkans. It asks what happens to imported models when they are applied to newly evolving media systems in societies in transition. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Serbia undertook a range of media reforms to conform with accession requirements of the European Union and the standards of the Council of Europe, among others. The essays explore the nexus between the democratic transformation of the media and international media assistance in these countries. The cross-national analysis concludes that the effects of international assistance are highly constrained by local contexts. In hindsight it becomes clear that escalating media assistance does not necessarily improve outcomes. |
| Granger, M.-P., Irion, K. The right to protection of personal data: the new posterchild of European Union citizenship? Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, (See also: https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788113434/9781788113434.xml). @inbook{Irion2018c, title = {The right to protection of personal data: the new posterchild of European Union citizenship?}, author = {Irion, K. and Granger, M.-P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/The-right-to-protection-of-personal-data-prepub.pdf}, doi = {10.4337/9781788113441.00019}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-31}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, abstract = {In this chapter we argue that the right to data protection is the posterchild of EU citizenship in the digital era. We start by providing a brief overview of the gradual construction of the right to personal data protection in the EU. We then identify a range of actors who have played a particular role in the building process, including EU citizens themselves. Next, we review the current legal ‘architecture’ of the right to the protection of personal data and discuss whether it could serve as a model for the future development of EU citizenship, notwithstanding remaining challenges at the level of national implementation and public and private compliance with EU rules. Finally, we reflect on the future of the right to data protection, and its contribution to the development of EU citizenship as a legal regime.}, note = {See also: https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788113434/9781788113434.xml}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } In this chapter we argue that the right to data protection is the posterchild of EU citizenship in the digital era. We start by providing a brief overview of the gradual construction of the right to personal data protection in the EU. We then identify a range of actors who have played a particular role in the building process, including EU citizens themselves. Next, we review the current legal ‘architecture’ of the right to the protection of personal data and discuss whether it could serve as a model for the future development of EU citizenship, notwithstanding remaining challenges at the level of national implementation and public and private compliance with EU rules. Finally, we reflect on the future of the right to data protection, and its contribution to the development of EU citizenship as a legal regime. |
| Dommering, E. Stedelijk is nog altijd beschadigd 2018, (Opinie in Het Parool, 23 oktober 2018.). @article{Dommering2018l, title = {Stedelijk is nog altijd beschadigd}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Parool__23102018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-30}, note = {Opinie in Het Parool, 23 oktober 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Kabel, J. AMI, 2018 (5), pp. 203-206, 2018. @article{Kabel2018d, title = {Tentoonstellen van ongepubliceerde brieven: Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 6 februari 2018 (Anne Frank Stichting / Anne Frank-Fonds)}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_5.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-30}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {5}, pages = {203-206}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Geschillencommissie Auteurscontractenrecht 27 juli 2018 (Soof 2) AMI, 2018 (5), pp. 213-215, 2018. @article{Hugenholtz2018h, title = {Annotatie bij Geschillencommissie Auteurscontractenrecht 27 juli 2018 (Soof 2)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_5-1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-30}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {5}, pages = {213-215}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum 2018. @misc{Hugenholtz2018g, title = {The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Keynote_WIPO_Broadcasting_Treaty_2018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-24}, abstract = {Keynote at KEI Seminar, Appraising the WIPO Broadcast Treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture, Geneva 3-4 October 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } Keynote at KEI Seminar, Appraising the WIPO Broadcast Treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture, Geneva 3-4 October 2018 |
| Alén-Savikko, A., Apa, E., Bassini, M., Cabrera Blázquez, F.J., Cunningham, I., Etteldorf, C., Fahy, R., Granchet, A., Klimkiewicz, B., Polák, J., Prosser, T., Richter, A., Rodriguez, N. Media reporting: facts, nothing but facts? 2018, ISBN: 9789287188618, (IRIS Special, European Audiovisual Observatory: Strasbourg, 2018, 150 pp.). @techreport{Al\'{e}n-Savikko2018, title = {Media reporting: facts, nothing but facts?}, author = {Al\'{e}n-Savikko, A. and Apa, E. and Bassini, M. and Cabrera Bl\'{a}zquez, F.J. and Cunningham, I. and Etteldorf, C. and Granchet, A. and Klimkiewicz, B. and Fahy, R. and Pol\'{a}k, J. and Prosser, T. and Richter, A. and Rodriguez, N.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/media-reporting-facts-nothing-but-facts/16808e3cda}, isbn = {9789287188618}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-24}, abstract = {Separating the facts from the fiction in today’s media is becoming mission impossible. In the era of the #fakenews hashtag, the internet, and the media in general, are concerned by the emergence of fiction which is sometimes much stranger than truth! So what rules and initiatives exist in Europe to help ensure the accuracy and objectivity of news and current affairs reporting? How far can the European and the various national legislators go to protect us from dubious reporting or at least ensure that codes of good conduct exist?}, note = {IRIS Special, European Audiovisual Observatory: Strasbourg, 2018, 150 pp.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Separating the facts from the fiction in today’s media is becoming mission impossible. In the era of the #fakenews hashtag, the internet, and the media in general, are concerned by the emergence of fiction which is sometimes much stranger than truth! So what rules and initiatives exist in Europe to help ensure the accuracy and objectivity of news and current affairs reporting? How far can the European and the various national legislators go to protect us from dubious reporting or at least ensure that codes of good conduct exist? |
| Helberger, N., Möller, J., Thurman, N., Trilling, D. My Friends, Editors, Algorithms, and I: Examining audience attitudes to news selection Digital Journalism, 2018 , 2018. @article{Thurman2018, title = {My Friends, Editors, Algorithms, and I: Examining audience attitudes to news selection}, author = {Thurman, N. and M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Trilling, D.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1493936}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-19}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {2018}, abstract = {Prompted by the ongoing development of content personalization by social networks and mainstream news brands, and recent debates about balancing algorithmic and editorial selection, this study explores what audiences think about news selection mechanisms and why. Analysing data from a 26-country survey (N = 53,314), we report the extent to which audiences believe story selection by editors and story selection by algorithms are good ways to get news online and, using multi-level models, explore the relationships that exist between individuals’ characteristics and those beliefs. The results show that, collectively, audiences believe algorithmic selection guided by a user’s past consumption behaviour is a better way to get news than editorial curation. There are, however, significant variations in these beliefs at the individual level. Age, trust in news, concerns about privacy, mobile news access, paying for news, and six other variables had effects. Our results are partly in line with current general theory on algorithmic appreciation, but diverge in our findings on the relative appreciation of algorithms and experts, and in how the appreciation of algorithms can differ according to the data that drive them. We believe this divergence is partly due to our study’s focus on news, showing algorithmic appreciation has context-specific characteristics.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Prompted by the ongoing development of content personalization by social networks and mainstream news brands, and recent debates about balancing algorithmic and editorial selection, this study explores what audiences think about news selection mechanisms and why. Analysing data from a 26-country survey (N = 53,314), we report the extent to which audiences believe story selection by editors and story selection by algorithms are good ways to get news online and, using multi-level models, explore the relationships that exist between individuals’ characteristics and those beliefs. The results show that, collectively, audiences believe algorithmic selection guided by a user’s past consumption behaviour is a better way to get news than editorial curation. There are, however, significant variations in these beliefs at the individual level. Age, trust in news, concerns about privacy, mobile news access, paying for news, and six other variables had effects. Our results are partly in line with current general theory on algorithmic appreciation, but diverge in our findings on the relative appreciation of algorithms and experts, and in how the appreciation of algorithms can differ according to the data that drive them. We believe this divergence is partly due to our study’s focus on news, showing algorithmic appreciation has context-specific characteristics. |
| Irion, K., Williams, J. Dream of Californication: welcome to the Californian Consumer Privacy Act Internet Policy Review, 2018 , 2018. @article{Williams2018, title = {Dream of Californication: welcome to the Californian Consumer Privacy Act}, author = {Williams, J. and Irion, K. }, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/dream-californication-welcome-californian-consumer-privacy-act/1351}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-16}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {2018}, abstract = {The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), slated to enter into force on 1 January 2020, borrows some cutting edge ideas from the EU and others’ privacy regimes while also experimenting with new approaches to data privacy. Importantly, the CCPA envisages an online advertisement market in which business are prevented from “getting high on information,” 1 breaches are promptly notified, and consumers are autonomous participants with the ability to sell their data at will. Where the CCPA breaks new ground is in protecting consumers from retaliation for opting out of the sale of their data. Thus, if it lives up to its potential, the CCPA could catalyse a permanent restructuring of the online data mining business. Our contribution will shed light on the new CCPA and offer some observations in comparing it with EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), slated to enter into force on 1 January 2020, borrows some cutting edge ideas from the EU and others’ privacy regimes while also experimenting with new approaches to data privacy. Importantly, the CCPA envisages an online advertisement market in which business are prevented from “getting high on information,” 1 breaches are promptly notified, and consumers are autonomous participants with the ability to sell their data at will. Where the CCPA breaks new ground is in protecting consumers from retaliation for opting out of the sale of their data. Thus, if it lives up to its potential, the CCPA could catalyse a permanent restructuring of the online data mining business. Our contribution will shed light on the new CCPA and offer some observations in comparing it with EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). |
| van Daalen, O. Het privacy-argument tegen de Dopamine Machine Privacy & Informatierecht, 2018 (2), pp. 39-41, 2018. @article{vanDaalen2018b, title = {Het privacy-argument tegen de Dopamine Machine}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PrivacyInformatie_2018_2.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-12}, journal = {Privacy & Informatierecht}, volume = {2018}, number = {2}, pages = {39-41}, abstract = {De kinderen van Apple-baas Steve Jobs mochten geen iPad gebruiken. 1 Maar Jobs was niet de enige. Veel techies in Silicon Valley zijn zich bewust van de verslavende effecten van IT \textendash ze hebben de producten namelijk zelf ontwikkeld. En nu steeds meer spijtoptanten oproepen tot regulering van onlinediensten zoals Facebook, vraag ik me af: welke rol kan het privacyrecht daarbij spelen?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De kinderen van Apple-baas Steve Jobs mochten geen iPad gebruiken. 1 Maar Jobs was niet de enige. Veel techies in Silicon Valley zijn zich bewust van de verslavende effecten van IT – ze hebben de producten namelijk zelf ontwikkeld. En nu steeds meer spijtoptanten oproepen tot regulering van onlinediensten zoals Facebook, vraag ik me af: welke rol kan het privacyrecht daarbij spelen? |
| Araujo, T., Bol, N., Helberger, N., Kruikemeier, S., Oberski, D., Pechenizkiy, M., Schaap, G., Taylor, L., Vreese, C.H. de, Weert, J. van, Automated Decision-Making Fairness in an AI-driven World: Public Perceptions, Hopes and Concerns 2018. @techreport{Araujo2018, title = {Automated Decision-Making Fairness in an AI-driven World: Public Perceptions, Hopes and Concerns}, author = {Araujo, T. and Vreese, C.H. de and Helberger, N. and Kruikemeier, S. and Weert, J. van, and Bol, N. and Oberski, D. and Pechenizkiy, M. and Schaap, G. and Taylor, L.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Automated_Decision_Making_Fairness.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-05}, abstract = {Ongoing advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly part of scientific efforts as well as the public debate and the media agenda, raising hopes and concerns about the impact of automated decision making across different sectors of our society. This topic is receiving increasing attention at both national and cross- national levels. The present report contributes to informing this public debate, providing the results of a survey with 958 participants recruited from high-quality sample of the Dutch population. It provides an overview of public knowledge, perceptions, hopes and concerns about the adoption of AI and ADM across different societal sectors in the Netherlands. This report is part of a research collaboration between the Universities of Amsterdam, Tilburg, Radboud, Utrecht and Eindhoven (TU/e) on automated decision making, and forms input to the groups’ research on fairness in automated decision making.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Ongoing advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly part of scientific efforts as well as the public debate and the media agenda, raising hopes and concerns about the impact of automated decision making across different sectors of our society. This topic is receiving increasing attention at both national and cross- national levels. The present report contributes to informing this public debate, providing the results of a survey with 958 participants recruited from high-quality sample of the Dutch population. It provides an overview of public knowledge, perceptions, hopes and concerns about the adoption of AI and ADM across different societal sectors in the Netherlands. This report is part of a research collaboration between the Universities of Amsterdam, Tilburg, Radboud, Utrecht and Eindhoven (TU/e) on automated decision making, and forms input to the groups’ research on fairness in automated decision making. |
| Arnbak, A. Draconische Europese censuurwetten geen oplossing voor onwenselijke informatie online Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018l, title = {Draconische Europese censuurwetten geen oplossing voor onwenselijke informatie online}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/10/04/53e-fd-column-draconische-europese-censuurwetten-geen-oplossing-voor-onwenselijke-informatie-online/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-04}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. Naar echt onafhankelijk toezicht Tijdschrift voor Toezicht, 2018 (2-3), pp. 86-87, 2018, (Opinie). @article{Eijk2018m, title = {Naar echt onafhankelijk toezicht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TvT_Opinie_2018.pdf}, doi = {doi: 10.5553/TvT/187987052018009002009}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-02}, journal = {Tijdschrift voor Toezicht}, volume = {2018}, number = {2-3}, pages = {86-87}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (40), pp. 5615-5617, 2018. @article{Dommering2018k, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitite van de EU 20 december 2017 (Asociaci\'{o}n Profesional Elite Taxi / Uber Systems Spain)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_361.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-02}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {40}, pages = {5615-5617}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bastian, M. Media and Accountability in Latin America. Framework – Conditions – Instruments 2018. @phdthesis{Bastian2018, title = {Media and Accountability in Latin America. Framework \textendash Conditions \textendash Instruments}, author = {Bastian, M. }, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-01}, address = {PhD thesis, TU Dortmund University}, type = {PhD thesis}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } |
| Breemen, J. Protecting traditional cultural expressions – copyright tensions and human rights opportunities? G. Corradi K. de Feyter, Desmet Vanhees (eds.) E K (Ed.): Critical Indigenous Rights Studies, pp. 108-133, Routledge, 2018, ISBN: 9781138729339, ( Chapter in: Critical Indigenous Rights Studies, G. Corradi, K. de Feyter, E. Desmet, K. Vanhees (eds.), Routlegde, 2018.). @inbook{Breemen2018f, title = {Protecting traditional cultural expressions \textendash copyright tensions and human rights opportunities?}, author = {Breemen, J.}, editor = {G. Corradi, K. de Feyter, E. Desmet, K. Vanhees (eds.)}, url = {https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Indigenous-Rights-Studies/Corradi-de-Feyter-Desmet-Vanhees/p/book/9781138729339}, isbn = {9781138729339}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-28}, urldate = {2018-09-28}, booktitle = {Critical Indigenous Rights Studies}, pages = {108-133}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {The protection of traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) is not a straightforward issue. At first sight, characteristics of TCEs and their protection suggest similarity to copyright works. However, TCE protection should not be viewed as simply an (isolated) intellectual property issue. Rather, the protection of TCEs is part of a broader (political) context and struggle for rights. The chapter focuses on showing the complexity of the interrelation between copyright and indigenous peoples’ rights. It argues that a cultural and indigenous rights perspective could help address tensions deriving from differing worldviews, the application of dominant, existing legal frameworks and diverging understandings of protecting creativity and works of culture.}, note = { Chapter in: Critical Indigenous Rights Studies, G. Corradi, K. de Feyter, E. Desmet, K. Vanhees (eds.), Routlegde, 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } The protection of traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) is not a straightforward issue. At first sight, characteristics of TCEs and their protection suggest similarity to copyright works. However, TCE protection should not be viewed as simply an (isolated) intellectual property issue. Rather, the protection of TCEs is part of a broader (political) context and struggle for rights. The chapter focuses on showing the complexity of the interrelation between copyright and indigenous peoples’ rights. It argues that a cultural and indigenous rights perspective could help address tensions deriving from differing worldviews, the application of dominant, existing legal frameworks and diverging understandings of protecting creativity and works of culture. |
| Bodó, B., Gervais, D.J., Quintais, J. Blockchain and smart contracts: the missing link in copyright licensing? International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 2018 (4), pp. 311-336, 2018. @article{Bod\'{o}2018d, title = {Blockchain and smart contracts: the missing link in copyright licensing? }, author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Gervais, D.J. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IJLIT_2018.pdf https://academic.oup.com/ijlit/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ijlit/eay014/5106727}, doi = {10.1093/ijlit/eay014}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-27}, journal = {International Journal of Law and Information Technology}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {311-336}, abstract = {This article offers a normative analysis of key blockchain technology concepts from the perspective of copyright law. Some features of blockchain technologies\textemdashscarcity, trust, transparency, decentralized public records and smart contracts\textemdashseem to make this technology compatible with the fundamentals of copyright. Authors can publish works on blockchain creating a quasi-immutable record of initial ownership, and encode ‘smart’ contracts to license the use of works. Remuneration may happen on online distribution platforms where the smart contracts reside. In theory, such an automated setup allows for the private ordering of copyright. Blockchain technology, like Digital Rights Management 20 years ago, is thus presented as an opportunity to reduce market friction, and increase both licensing efficiency and the autonomy of creators. Yet, some of the old problems remain. The article examines the differences between new, smart-contract-based private ordering regime and the fundamental components of copyright law, such as exceptions and limitations, the doctrine of exhaustion, restrictions on formalities, the public domain and fair remuneration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article offers a normative analysis of key blockchain technology concepts from the perspective of copyright law. Some features of blockchain technologies—scarcity, trust, transparency, decentralized public records and smart contracts—seem to make this technology compatible with the fundamentals of copyright. Authors can publish works on blockchain creating a quasi-immutable record of initial ownership, and encode ‘smart’ contracts to license the use of works. Remuneration may happen on online distribution platforms where the smart contracts reside. In theory, such an automated setup allows for the private ordering of copyright. Blockchain technology, like Digital Rights Management 20 years ago, is thus presented as an opportunity to reduce market friction, and increase both licensing efficiency and the autonomy of creators. Yet, some of the old problems remain. The article examines the differences between new, smart-contract-based private ordering regime and the fundamental components of copyright law, such as exceptions and limitations, the doctrine of exhaustion, restrictions on formalities, the public domain and fair remuneration. |
| González Otero, B.,, Quintais, J. Before the Singularity: Copyright and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018 , 2018. @article{Otero2018, title = {Before the Singularity: Copyright and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence}, author = {Gonz\'{a}lez Otero, B., and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/09/25/singularity-copyright-challenges-artificial-intelligence/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-27}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. De sluipende unificatie van het auteursrecht in Europa Berichten Industriële Eigendom (BIE), 2018 (4), pp. 157-161, 2018. @article{Hugenholtz2018f, title = {De sluipende unificatie van het auteursrecht in Europa}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/BIE_2018_4.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-21}, journal = {Berichten Industri\"{e}le Eigendom (BIE)}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {157-161}, abstract = {Nu de harmonisatie van de auteursrechtwetgeving in Europa bijna is afgerond, wint het idee van daadwerkelijke eenmaking van het auteursrecht in de Europese Unie terrein. In een mededeling over het EU-auteursrechtbeleid heeft de Europese Commissie de invoering van een unitair auteursrecht, dat voor de nationale auteurswetten van de lidstaten in de plaats zou moeten komen, als ‘langetermijnvisie’ vastgelegd. Desalniettemin lijkt formele unificatie in de vorm van een Auteursrechtverordening nog ver weg. Ondertussen maken de Europese wetgever en het Hof van Justitie stap voor stap een einde aan de territorialiteit van het auteursrecht, waardoor een eengemaakt Europees auteursrecht langzaam maar gestaag toch dichterbij komt. In dit artikel wordt dit proces van sluipende unificatie van het auteursrecht geschetst. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nu de harmonisatie van de auteursrechtwetgeving in Europa bijna is afgerond, wint het idee van daadwerkelijke eenmaking van het auteursrecht in de Europese Unie terrein. In een mededeling over het EU-auteursrechtbeleid heeft de Europese Commissie de invoering van een unitair auteursrecht, dat voor de nationale auteurswetten van de lidstaten in de plaats zou moeten komen, als ‘langetermijnvisie’ vastgelegd. Desalniettemin lijkt formele unificatie in de vorm van een Auteursrechtverordening nog ver weg. Ondertussen maken de Europese wetgever en het Hof van Justitie stap voor stap een einde aan de territorialiteit van het auteursrecht, waardoor een eengemaakt Europees auteursrecht langzaam maar gestaag toch dichterbij komt. In dit artikel wordt dit proces van sluipende unificatie van het auteursrecht geschetst. |
| Coche, E. ‘Quel dommage, cher fromage’ or how the AG said “no” to copyright protection for works of taste Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Coche2018f, title = {‘Quel dommage, cher fromage’ or how the AG said “no” to copyright protection for works of taste}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/09/20/quel-dommage-cher-fromage-ag-said-no-copyright-protection-works-taste/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-21}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. Eerste Snowden-uitspraak van Europees Hof helpt tegenstanders Nederlandse sleepwet nauwelijks Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018k, title = {Eerste Snowden-uitspraak van Europees Hof helpt tegenstanders Nederlandse sleepwet nauwelijks}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/09/21/52e-fd-column-eerste-snowden-uitspraak-van-europees-hof-helpt-tegenstanders-nederlandse-sleepwet-nauwelijks/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-20}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. AMI, 2018 (4), pp. 127-133, 2018. @article{vanEechoud2018, title = {Bekeert Brussel zich tot artikel 8 Databankenwet? Opendatabeleid en de IE-positie van de publieke sector na herziening Richtlijn hergebruik overheidsinformatie}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2018_4.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-18}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {127-133}, abstract = {De Europese Commissie zet in het kader van de ‘data-economiestrategie’ nieuwe stappen op het terrein van opendatabeleid. Het voorstel tot wijziging van Richtlijn 2003/98/EC inzake hergebruik van overheidsinformatie (PSI Directive) legt de mogelijkheid voor (semi)publieke instellingen om databank- en auteursrechten uit te oefenen verder aan banden. Er komt een vergaand verbod op de uitoefening van databankrechten. Ook vallen er straks meer semipublieke databronnen onder de hergebruikregels, uit nutssectoren, transport en onderzoek. Een analyse van de plannen.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De Europese Commissie zet in het kader van de ‘data-economiestrategie’ nieuwe stappen op het terrein van opendatabeleid. Het voorstel tot wijziging van Richtlijn 2003/98/EC inzake hergebruik van overheidsinformatie (PSI Directive) legt de mogelijkheid voor (semi)publieke instellingen om databank- en auteursrechten uit te oefenen verder aan banden. Er komt een vergaand verbod op de uitoefening van databankrechten. Ook vallen er straks meer semipublieke databronnen onder de hergebruikregels, uit nutssectoren, transport en onderzoek. Een analyse van de plannen. |
| Hins, A. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 4 mei 2018 (TMG Landelijke Media / De Staat der Nederlanden) AMI, 2018 (4), pp. 160-162, 2018. @article{Hins2018c, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 4 mei 2018 (TMG Landelijke Media / De Staat der Nederlanden)}, author = {Hins, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_4.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-18}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {160-162}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. 2018, ISBN: 9789403500232, (with M. McGonagle & S. McLaughlin, International Encyclopedia of Laws series (IEL), Wolters Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2018, 228 pp.). @book{McGonagle2018f, title = {Media Law in Ireland}, author = {McGonagle, T. }, url = {http://www.kluwerlawonline.com/toc.php?area=&mode=bypub&level=6&values=Looseleafs~~IEL+Media+Law~National+Monographs~Ireland}, isbn = {9789403500232}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-18}, volume = {2018}, note = {with M. McGonagle & S. McLaughlin, International Encyclopedia of Laws series (IEL), Wolters Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2018, 228 pp.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 20 december 2017 (Nowak / Data Protection Commissioner) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (314), pp. 4793-4795, 2018. @article{Dommering2018j, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 20 december 2017 (Nowak / Data Protection Commissioner)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_314.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-13}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {314}, pages = {4793-4795}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., Gorp, N. van, Nooren, P., van Eijk, N. Should We Regulate Digital Platforms? A New Framework for Evaluating Policy Options Policy & Internet, 2018 , pp. 264-301, 2018. @article{Nooren2018, title = {Should We Regulate Digital Platforms? A New Framework for Evaluating Policy Options}, author = {Nooren, P. and Gorp, N. van and van Eijk, N. and Fahy, R.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Policy_and_Internet_2018.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.177}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-11}, journal = {Policy & Internet}, volume = {2018}, pages = {264-301}, abstract = {The economic and societal impact of digital platforms raises a number of questions for policymakers, including whether existing regulatory approaches and instruments are sufficient to promote and safeguard public interests. This article develops a practical framework that provides structure and guidance to policymakers who design policies for the digital economy. The framework differs from other approaches in taking the digital business models of platforms as the starting point for the analysis. The framework consists of three pillars, namely determining a platform's characteristics, relating these to public interests, and formulating policy options. The framework then invokes a return‐path analysis for assessing how the interventions affect the business model, whether it has the desired effect on public interests, and ensuring it has no undesired side‐effects on public interests. The framework puts forward two key messages for current discussions on digital platforms. First, one should look at the underlying characteristics of platforms rather than trying to understand digital platforms as a single category. Second, policymakers should explore existing rules and policy options, as they seem fit to deal with several characteristics of digital platforms in a time frame that matches the rapid development of platform technologies and business models.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The economic and societal impact of digital platforms raises a number of questions for policymakers, including whether existing regulatory approaches and instruments are sufficient to promote and safeguard public interests. This article develops a practical framework that provides structure and guidance to policymakers who design policies for the digital economy. The framework differs from other approaches in taking the digital business models of platforms as the starting point for the analysis. The framework consists of three pillars, namely determining a platform's characteristics, relating these to public interests, and formulating policy options. The framework then invokes a return‐path analysis for assessing how the interventions affect the business model, whether it has the desired effect on public interests, and ensuring it has no undesired side‐effects on public interests. The framework puts forward two key messages for current discussions on digital platforms. First, one should look at the underlying characteristics of platforms rather than trying to understand digital platforms as a single category. Second, policymakers should explore existing rules and policy options, as they seem fit to deal with several characteristics of digital platforms in a time frame that matches the rapid development of platform technologies and business models. |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2018 (148), pp. 8696-8697, 2018. @article{vanEijk2018k, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_148.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-07}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2018}, number = {148}, pages = {8696-8697}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. In China's cyberwereld is niet vrijheid, maar gehoorzaamheid de norm Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018j, title = {In China's cyberwereld is niet vrijheid, maar gehoorzaamheid de norm}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/09/06/51e-fd-column-in-chinas-cyberwereld-is-niet-vrijheid-maar-gehoorzaamheid-de-norm/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-06}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. 2018, (Chapter in Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property, Volume 3, ed. Ullrich, Drahos & Chidini, ISBN: 9781788971157). @inbook{Hugenholtz2017, title = {Against 'Data Property' }, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Data_property_Muenster.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-04}, abstract = {This chapter argues against the idea of a ‘data producer’s right’. Introducing a property right in machine-generated data would seriously compromise the system of intellectual property law that currently exists in Europe. It would also contravene fundamental freedoms enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights and the EU Charter, distort freedom of competition and freedom of services in the EU, restrict scientific freedoms and generally undercut the promise of big data for European economy and society.}, note = {Chapter in Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property, Volume 3, ed. Ullrich, Drahos & Chidini, ISBN: 9781788971157}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } This chapter argues against the idea of a ‘data producer’s right’. Introducing a property right in machine-generated data would seriously compromise the system of intellectual property law that currently exists in Europe. It would also contravene fundamental freedoms enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights and the EU Charter, distort freedom of competition and freedom of services in the EU, restrict scientific freedoms and generally undercut the promise of big data for European economy and society. |
| Angelopoulos, C., Quintais, J. Fixing Copyright Reform: How to Address Online Infringement and Bridge the Value Gap Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Angelopoulos2018, title = {Fixing Copyright Reform: How to Address Online Infringement and Bridge the Value Gap}, author = {Angelopoulos, C. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/08/30/fixing-copyright-reform-address-online-infringement-bridge-value-gap/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-04}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Breemen, J., Breemen, V. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 148 , pp. 8693-8696, 2018, ISSN: 2212-5205-03. @article{Breemen2018d, title = {Kroniek Mediarecht}, author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V. }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_148_mediarecht.pdf}, issn = {2212-5205-03}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-01}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {148}, pages = {8693-8696}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Sax, M. Privacy from an Ethical Perspective van der Sloot, B; De Groot, A (Ed.): The Handbook of Privacy Studies: An Interdisciplinary Introduction, Chapter 3, pp. 143-172, Amsterdam University Press, 2018, ISBN: 9789462988095. @inbook{Sax2018b, title = {Privacy from an Ethical Perspective}, author = {Sax, M.}, editor = {van der Sloot, B. and De Groot, A.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3299047}, isbn = {9789462988095}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-31}, booktitle = {The Handbook of Privacy Studies: An Interdisciplinary Introduction}, pages = {143-172}, publisher = {Amsterdam University Press}, chapter = {3}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Helberger, N. Challenging Diversity - Social Media Platforms and a New Conception of Media Diversity Chapter 6, pp. 153-175, Oxford University Press, 2018, ISBN: 9780190845117, (Chapter in: Digital Dominance: The Power of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple, ed. M. Moore & D. Tambini, New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.). @inbook{Helberger2018b, title = {Challenging Diversity - Social Media Platforms and a New Conception of Media Diversity}, author = {Helberger, N.}, isbn = {9780190845117}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-23}, pages = {153-175}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, chapter = {6}, note = {Chapter in: Digital Dominance: The Power of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple, ed. M. Moore & D. Tambini, New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| McGonagle, T. The Council of Europe: Ensuring the Freedom and Independence of Europe's Media pp. 133-151, 2018, ISBN: 9781783208869, (Chapter in: Comparative Media Policy, Regulation and Governance in Europe: Unpacking the Policy Cycle, ed. L. 'd Haenens, H. Sousa & J. Trappel, Bristol: Intellect, 2018.). @inbook{McGonagle2018eb, title = {The Council of Europe: Ensuring the Freedom and Independence of Europe's Media}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, isbn = {9781783208869}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-23}, pages = {133-151}, note = {Chapter in: Comparative Media Policy, Regulation and Governance in Europe: Unpacking the Policy Cycle, ed. L. 'd Haenens, H. Sousa & J. Trappel, Bristol: Intellect, 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| McGonagle, T., Möller, C. Europe's Internet Policies: The Challenge of Maintaining an Open Internet pp. 153-183, 2018, ISBN: 9781783208869, (Chapter in: Comparative Media Policy, Regulation and Governance in Europe: Unpacking the Policy Cycle, ed. L. d' Haenens, H. Sousa & J. Trappel, Bristol: Intellect, 2018.). @inbook{M\"{o}ller2018c, title = {Europe's Internet Policies: The Challenge of Maintaining an Open Internet}, author = {M\"{o}ller, C. and McGonagle, T.}, isbn = {9781783208869}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-23}, pages = {153-183}, note = {Chapter in: Comparative Media Policy, Regulation and Governance in Europe: Unpacking the Policy Cycle, ed. L. d' Haenens, H. Sousa & J. Trappel, Bristol: Intellect, 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Dommering, E., van Eijk, N. Rechter gaat voorbij aan regels vertrouwelijkheid De Volkskrant, 2018 , 2018. @article{vanEijk2018j, title = {Rechter gaat voorbij aan regels vertrouwelijkheid}, author = {van Eijk, N. and Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Volkskrant_21aug2018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-21}, journal = {De Volkskrant}, volume = {2018}, abstract = {De uitspraak van de rechter dat journalisten stiekem een gesprek in de fractiekamer van Kamerlid Farid Azarkan mochten opnemen, is slecht nieuws voor de democratie en de journalistiek.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De uitspraak van de rechter dat journalisten stiekem een gesprek in de fractiekamer van Kamerlid Farid Azarkan mochten opnemen, is slecht nieuws voor de democratie en de journalistiek. |
| Harambam, J. Het bannen van Alex Jones is een hypocriete actie van sociale media Trouw, 2018. @article{Harambam2018, title = {Het bannen van Alex Jones is een hypocriete actie van sociale media}, author = {Harambam, J.}, url = {https://www.trouw.nl/opinie/het-bannen-van-alex-jones-is-een-hypocriete-actie-van-sociale-media~a05269b0/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-18}, journal = {Trouw}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 10 april 2018 (16/02932) en Hoge Raad 10 april 2018 (16/01810) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (30/31), pp. 4389-4390, 2018. @article{Dommering2018i, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 10 april 2018 (16/02932) en Hoge Raad 10 april 2018 (16/01810)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_282_283.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-07}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {30/31}, pages = {4389-4390}, abstract = {Over de vrijheid van het openbare debat en het verschil tussen de rol van de politicus en niet-politicus.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over de vrijheid van het openbare debat en het verschil tussen de rol van de politicus en niet-politicus. |
| van Eijk, N. 2018, visited: 06.08.2018. @online{vanEijk2018i, title = {How Should Facebook and Other Companies Protect Privacy While Letting People Share Their Information Between Apps and Services?}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/08/guest-post-nico-van-eijk/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-07}, urldate = {2018-08-06}, abstract = {Blogpost part of a series on data portability and interoperability.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } Blogpost part of a series on data portability and interoperability. |
| Nieuwenhuis, A. Mediaforum, 2018 (3), pp. 58-66, 2018. @article{Nieuwenhuis2018, title = {Op zoek naar het publieke debat. Over de afbakening door het EHRM van een bij uitstek beschermde categorie uitlatingen}, author = {Nieuwenhuis, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_3.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-03}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {3}, pages = {58-66}, abstract = {De vrijheid van meningsuiting heeft meer gewicht bij uitlatingen die deel uitmaken van het publiek debat. Dat is een bekend uitgangspunt dat ook door het EHRM gehanteerd wordt. Daarmee is de vraag hoe deze categorie met name beschermde uitlatingen wordt afgebakend nog niet beantwoord. Deze bijdrage tracht op grond van een analyse van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM antwoord op deze vraag te geven. Er wordt in het bijzonder ook onderzocht of de benadering van het Hof consistent is.<./p>}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De vrijheid van meningsuiting heeft meer gewicht bij uitlatingen die deel uitmaken van het publiek debat. Dat is een bekend uitgangspunt dat ook door het EHRM gehanteerd wordt. Daarmee is de vraag hoe deze categorie met name beschermde uitlatingen wordt afgebakend nog niet beantwoord. Deze bijdrage tracht op grond van een analyse van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM antwoord op deze vraag te geven. Er wordt in het bijzonder ook onderzocht of de benadering van het Hof consistent is.<./p> |
| McGonagle, T., Volgenant, O. Mediaforum, 2018 (3), pp. 67-69, 2018. @article{Volgenant2018, title = {Kroniek Persrecht 2017}, author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_3-1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-03}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {3}, pages = {67-69}, abstract = {In 2017 stond de Nederlandse journalistiek onder druk. Veiligheid van journalisten is daarbij een belangrijk thema. Twee misdaadjournalisten worden zo ernstig bedreigd dat ze moeten worden beschermd. Een wet met nieuwe bevoegdheden voor de Nederlandse geheime diensten zet bronbescherming onder druk. Er werden in 2017 weer regelmatig rechtszaken tegen de media gevoerd, maar de rechter besliste in het merendeel van de gevallen in het voordeel van de media. Wel kunnen procedures tegen de media en individuele journalisten, waarbij steeds vaker een beroep op de privacyregelgeving wordt gedaan, een ‘chilling effect’ hebben.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2017 stond de Nederlandse journalistiek onder druk. Veiligheid van journalisten is daarbij een belangrijk thema. Twee misdaadjournalisten worden zo ernstig bedreigd dat ze moeten worden beschermd. Een wet met nieuwe bevoegdheden voor de Nederlandse geheime diensten zet bronbescherming onder druk. Er werden in 2017 weer regelmatig rechtszaken tegen de media gevoerd, maar de rechter besliste in het merendeel van de gevallen in het voordeel van de media. Wel kunnen procedures tegen de media en individuele journalisten, waarbij steeds vaker een beroep op de privacyregelgeving wordt gedaan, een ‘chilling effect’ hebben. |
| Kabel, J. Annotatie bij EHRM 30 januari 2018 (Sekmadienis Ltd. / Litouwen) Mediaforum, 2018 (3), pp. 84-87, 2018. @article{Kabel2018c, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 30 januari 2018 (Sekmadienis Ltd. / Litouwen)}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Mediaforum_2018_3.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-03}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {3}, pages = {84-87}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018 , 2018. @article{Quintais2018e, title = {Global Online Piracy Study}, author = {Quintais, J. and Poort, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/07/31/global-online-piracy-study/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-03}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2018}, abstract = {The percentage of Internet users in Europe that occasionally download or stream music, films, series, books or games illegally has decreased between 2014 and 2017. The decrease is greatest for music, films and series. Meanwhile, expenditure on legal content has increased since 2014. This follows from the Global Online Piracy Study that the Institute for Information Law (IViR) of the University of Amsterdam published today.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The percentage of Internet users in Europe that occasionally download or stream music, films, series, books or games illegally has decreased between 2014 and 2017. The decrease is greatest for music, films and series. Meanwhile, expenditure on legal content has increased since 2014. This follows from the Global Online Piracy Study that the Institute for Information Law (IViR) of the University of Amsterdam published today. |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2018 (147), pp. 8631-8632, 2018. @article{Eijk2018i, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_147.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-08-03}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2018}, number = {147}, pages = {8631-8632}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Ende, M. van der, Hageraats, M., Poort, J., Quintais, J., Yagafarova, A. 2018. @article{Poort2018, title = {Global Online Piracy Study}, author = {Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Ende, M. van der and Yagafarova, A. and Hageraats, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Global-Online-Piracy-Study.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-31}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Quintais, J. Global Online Piracy Study: Legal Background Report 2018. @article{Quintais2018d, title = {Global Online Piracy Study: Legal Background Report}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Global-Online-Piracy-Study-Legal-Background-Report.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-31}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Ende, M. van der, Hageraats, M., Poort, J., Quintais, J., Yagafarova, A. Global Online Piracy Study - Annexes 2018. @article{Poort2018b, title = {Global Online Piracy Study - Annexes}, author = {Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Ende, M. van der and Yagafarova, A. and Hageraats, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Global-Online-Piracy-Study-Annexes-.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-31}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. ‘Fake news’ and online disinformation: Case study – Belgium 2018. @article{Coche2018e, title = {‘Fake news’ and online disinformation: Case study \textendash Belgium}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Case-study-Fake-News-Belgium.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-19}, abstract = {This case study provides an overview of the ‘fake news’ phenomenon in Belgium. In light of the 2018 Reuters Report, it starts by sketching the present media landscape in Belgium. It then enquires whether Belgians are concerned about ‘fake news’; what their level of trust is in the media; which media sources are favoured by them, and what their level of media literacy is. After analysing these facts and figures, the emergence of ‘fake news’, through foreign political events, is discussed. Different examples of Belgian ‘fake news’ are then presented, which range from ‘hoaxes’ to misleading and inaccurate news articles stemming from qualified journalists. By means of these examples, the ambiguities of the term ‘fake news’, as an umbrella term to cover a wide variety of content, are explained. Given the vagueness of the term, it is submitted that ‘disinformation’ is a more appropriate term to use. Having regard to the possible impact of this type of ‘news’ on democracy, this case study strives to shed light on Belgian politicians and their relation with ‘fake news’. By means of examples, the author argues that they increasingly use the term ‘fake news’ to discredit news media. Moreover, they tend to by-pass traditional media, through their social media accounts, thereby contributing to the emergence of ‘fake news’. The lack of editorial oversight on social media allows for false messages to be spread. In order to propose measures to counter ‘fake news’ in Belgium, the case study provides an overview of different responses that have already been put in place. Besides responses at the EU level (including the Council of Europe), the overview includes governmental responses, news media responses, civil society responses and responses stemming from collaborations with IT companies. Taking account of these measures, various recommendations are proposed in the Conclusion. It is argued that both short and long-term actions should be developed. Having regard to the forthcoming Belgian elections, the former would be necessary and should, inter alia, aim to enhance the transparency of social media platforms. Regarding the latter, it is argued that media literacy measures should be further built upon.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This case study provides an overview of the ‘fake news’ phenomenon in Belgium. In light of the 2018 Reuters Report, it starts by sketching the present media landscape in Belgium. It then enquires whether Belgians are concerned about ‘fake news’; what their level of trust is in the media; which media sources are favoured by them, and what their level of media literacy is. After analysing these facts and figures, the emergence of ‘fake news’, through foreign political events, is discussed. Different examples of Belgian ‘fake news’ are then presented, which range from ‘hoaxes’ to misleading and inaccurate news articles stemming from qualified journalists. By means of these examples, the ambiguities of the term ‘fake news’, as an umbrella term to cover a wide variety of content, are explained. Given the vagueness of the term, it is submitted that ‘disinformation’ is a more appropriate term to use. Having regard to the possible impact of this type of ‘news’ on democracy, this case study strives to shed light on Belgian politicians and their relation with ‘fake news’. By means of examples, the author argues that they increasingly use the term ‘fake news’ to discredit news media. Moreover, they tend to by-pass traditional media, through their social media accounts, thereby contributing to the emergence of ‘fake news’. The lack of editorial oversight on social media allows for false messages to be spread. In order to propose measures to counter ‘fake news’ in Belgium, the case study provides an overview of different responses that have already been put in place. Besides responses at the EU level (including the Council of Europe), the overview includes governmental responses, news media responses, civil society responses and responses stemming from collaborations with IT companies. Taking account of these measures, various recommendations are proposed in the Conclusion. It is argued that both short and long-term actions should be developed. Having regard to the forthcoming Belgian elections, the former would be necessary and should, inter alia, aim to enhance the transparency of social media platforms. Regarding the latter, it is argued that media literacy measures should be further built upon. |
| Coche, E., Irion, K. 2018. @techreport{Coche2018d, title = {How independent are you really? Updating the INDIREG methodology for future assessments of media regulators' independence: Workshop report}, author = {Coche, E. and Irion, K.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/INDIREG-workshop-report.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-13}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Arnbak, A. Intensievere samenwerking met VS sluitstuk doordrukken inlichtingenwet Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018i, title = {Intensievere samenwerking met VS sluitstuk doordrukken inlichtingenwet}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/07/12/50e-fd-column-intensievere-samenwerking-met-vs-sluitstuk-doordrukken-inlichtingenwet/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-12}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Gervais, D.J. International Intellectual Property's Institutional Problem Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Gervais2018b, title = {International Intellectual Property's Institutional Problem}, author = {Gervais, D.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/07/09/international-intellectual-propertys-institutional-problem/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-10}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. HEKS’NKAAS at the CJEU: the end of a cheese-war or the beginning of a new copyright era? Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Coche2018c, title = {HEKS’NKAAS at the CJEU: the end of a cheese-war or the beginning of a new copyright era?}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/06/26/heksnkaas-cjeu-end-cheese-war-beginning-new-copyright-era/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-06}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N., Möller, J. Beyond the filter bubble: concepts, myths, evidence and issues for future debates 2018. @techreport{M\"{o}ller2018b, title = {Beyond the filter bubble: concepts, myths, evidence and issues for future debates}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Beyond_the_filter_bubble__concepts_myths_evidence_and_issues_for_future_debates.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-05}, abstract = {In recent years, we have been witnessing a fundamental shift in the form how news and current affairs are disseminated and mediated. Due to the exponential increase in available content online and technological development in the field of recommendation systems, more and more citizens are informing themselves through customized and curated sources, while turning away from mass-mediated information sources like TV news and newspapers. Algorithmic recommendation systems provide news users with tools to navigate the information overload and identify important and relevant information. They do so by performing a task that was once a key part of the journalistic profession: keeping the gates. In a way, news recommendation algorithm can create highly individualized gates, through which only information and news fit that serves the user best. In theory, this is a great achievement that can make news exposure more efficient and interesting. In practice, there are many pitfalls when the power to select what we hear from the news shifts from professional editorial boards that select the news according to professional standards to opaque algorithms who are reigned by their own logic, the logic of advertisers or consumes personal preferences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In recent years, we have been witnessing a fundamental shift in the form how news and current affairs are disseminated and mediated. Due to the exponential increase in available content online and technological development in the field of recommendation systems, more and more citizens are informing themselves through customized and curated sources, while turning away from mass-mediated information sources like TV news and newspapers. Algorithmic recommendation systems provide news users with tools to navigate the information overload and identify important and relevant information. They do so by performing a task that was once a key part of the journalistic profession: keeping the gates. In a way, news recommendation algorithm can create highly individualized gates, through which only information and news fit that serves the user best. In theory, this is a great achievement that can make news exposure more efficient and interesting. In practice, there are many pitfalls when the power to select what we hear from the news shifts from professional editorial boards that select the news according to professional standards to opaque algorithms who are reigned by their own logic, the logic of advertisers or consumes personal preferences. |
| Coche, E., Klus, M., McGonagle, T., Plaizier, C. Inventarisatie methodes om “nepnieuws” tegen te gaan 2018. @techreport{McGonagle2018d, title = {Inventarisatie methodes om “nepnieuws” tegen te gaan}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Coche, E. and Plaizier, C. and Klus, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Inventarisatie_methodes_om_“nepnieuws”_tegen_te_gaan.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-07-03}, abstract = {“Nepnieuws” heeft de laatste tijd veel aandacht gekregen in de media en in het politieke debat. Tegen deze achtergrond en in het licht van de potenti\"{e}le bedreigingen van “nepnieuws” voor de Nederlandse samenleving is de opdracht voor deze studie gegeven door het ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. Het doel van dit rapport is om een update te geven over de stand van zaken met betrekking tot het onderwerp “methodes om de verspreiding van nepnieuws tegen te gaan”. Het rapport beantwoordt de volgende vragen: Welke methodes zijn er internationaal bekend om nepnieuws tegen te gaan? Wat is bekend over de effectiviteit van deze methodes? Welke kwalificaties kunnen gemaakt worden over de toepasbaarheid en relevantie van deze onderzoeksresultaten voor de Nederlandse context?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } “Nepnieuws” heeft de laatste tijd veel aandacht gekregen in de media en in het politieke debat. Tegen deze achtergrond en in het licht van de potentiële bedreigingen van “nepnieuws” voor de Nederlandse samenleving is de opdracht voor deze studie gegeven door het ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. Het doel van dit rapport is om een update te geven over de stand van zaken met betrekking tot het onderwerp “methodes om de verspreiding van nepnieuws tegen te gaan”. Het rapport beantwoordt de volgende vragen: Welke methodes zijn er internationaal bekend om nepnieuws tegen te gaan? Wat is bekend over de effectiviteit van deze methodes? Welke kwalificaties kunnen gemaakt worden over de toepasbaarheid en relevantie van deze onderzoeksresultaten voor de Nederlandse context? |
| Fahy, R., Hanhart, M., Klus, M., Kostić, B., McGonagle, T., Plaizier, C. Open Journalism: The Road Travelled and the Road Ahead 2018, (Vienna, OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, 2018.). @techreport{McGonagle2018c, title = {Open Journalism: The Road Travelled and the Road Ahead}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Fahy, R. and Kosti\'{c}, B. and Klus, M. and Plaizier, C. and Hanhart, M.}, url = {https://www.osce.org/representative-on-freedom-of-media/384432?download=true}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-22}, note = {Vienna, OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Quintais, J. Untangling the Hyperlinking Web: In Search of the Online Right of Communication to the Public Journal of World Intellectual Property (forthcoming), 2018 , pp. 1-36, Forthcoming, (The article is also available on SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3199733.An earlier version of this paper was awarded the 1st Prize in the 2017 ATRIP Essay Competition.). @article{Quintais2018c, title = {Untangling the Hyperlinking Web: In Search of the Online Right of Communication to the Public}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jwip.12107}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-21}, journal = {Journal of World Intellectual Property (forthcoming)}, volume = {2018}, pages = {1-36}, abstract = {This article examines the online right of communication to the public under EUlaw and its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the EU. The focus of the analysis is on the controversial application of the right to hyperlinking, and its implications for the online activities of users and intermediaries. After outlining the international and EU legal framework on the right of communication to the public, the article advances a conceptual framework for the interpretation of the exclusive right in the online environment, which is both based on, and attempts to bring coherence to, the Court's complex case law. On this basis, the article then explores and critically assesses the main areas of legal uncertainty for the online application of the right and the normative considerations at stake\textemdashespecially fundamental rights and the promotion of technological development\textemdashoffering interpretative and legislative solutions for their resolution. The article argues for abandoning the legislative proposals for a new right for press publishers and the so-called value gap, as both are fundamentally flawed. Instead, reform should focus on redefining the right of communication to the public and preserving safe harbors, especially for hosting providers.}, note = {The article is also available on SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3199733.An earlier version of this paper was awarded the 1st Prize in the 2017 ATRIP Essay Competition.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } This article examines the online right of communication to the public under EUlaw and its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the EU. The focus of the analysis is on the controversial application of the right to hyperlinking, and its implications for the online activities of users and intermediaries. After outlining the international and EU legal framework on the right of communication to the public, the article advances a conceptual framework for the interpretation of the exclusive right in the online environment, which is both based on, and attempts to bring coherence to, the Court's complex case law. On this basis, the article then explores and critically assesses the main areas of legal uncertainty for the online application of the right and the normative considerations at stake—especially fundamental rights and the promotion of technological development—offering interpretative and legislative solutions for their resolution. The article argues for abandoning the legislative proposals for a new right for press publishers and the so-called value gap, as both are fundamentally flawed. Instead, reform should focus on redefining the right of communication to the public and preserving safe harbors, especially for hosting providers. |
| Bostyn, S., Jongh, T. de, Poort, J., Radauer, A. Effects of Supplementary Protection Mechanisms for Pharmaceutical Products 2018, (Rapport met Technopolis Group over beschermingsmechanismen op het gebied van intellectueel eigendom met betrekking tot medicijnen.). @techreport{Jongh2018, title = {Effects of Supplementary Protection Mechanisms for Pharmaceutical Products}, author = {Jongh, T. de and Radauer, A. and Bostyn, S. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/effects-of-supplementary-protection-mechanisms-for-pharmaceutical-products.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-19}, note = {Rapport met Technopolis Group over beschermingsmechanismen op het gebied van intellectueel eigendom met betrekking tot medicijnen.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Til, G. van Waar het wringt: zoekmachines en hyperlinks als mededeling aan het publiek AMI, 2018 (3), pp. 103-109, 2018. @article{vanTil2018, title = {Waar het wringt: zoekmachines en hyperlinks als mededeling aan het publiek}, author = {Til, G. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/artikel-Gijs-van-Til_AMI-2018-3.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-19}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {3}, pages = {103-109}, abstract = {De recente jurisprudentie van het Hof van Justitie van de EU over de vraag of een hyperlink kwalificeert als mededeling aan het publiek, heeft al een hoop stof doen opwaaien. De gevolgen die deze uitspraken zouden kunnen hebben voor zoekmachines zijn tot op heden echter onderbelicht gebleven. Deze bijdrage bevat een analyse van de juridische positie van zoekmachines in het licht van de recente jurisprudentie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De recente jurisprudentie van het Hof van Justitie van de EU over de vraag of een hyperlink kwalificeert als mededeling aan het publiek, heeft al een hoop stof doen opwaaien. De gevolgen die deze uitspraken zouden kunnen hebben voor zoekmachines zijn tot op heden echter onderbelicht gebleven. Deze bijdrage bevat een analyse van de juridische positie van zoekmachines in het licht van de recente jurisprudentie. |
| Dommering, E. 'Stedelijk in gevaar door noodlottige ingrepen gemeente' Het Parool, 2018, (Opinie 14 juni 2018). @article{Dommering2018h, title = {'Stedelijk in gevaar door noodlottige ingrepen gemeente'}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.parool.nl/opinie/-stedelijk-in-gevaar-door-noodlottige-ingrepen-gemeente~a4599864/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-14}, journal = {Het Parool}, note = {Opinie 14 juni 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. Maatschappelijk belang onderbelicht in nieuwe Europese privacyregels Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018h, title = {Maatschappelijk belang onderbelicht in nieuwe Europese privacyregels}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/06/18/49e-fd-column-maatschappelijk-belang-onderbelicht-in-nieuwe-europese-privacyregels/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-14}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. In zaak-Ruf wijst veel op gemeentelijke ingreep 2018, (Opinie in Het Parool, 4 juni 2018). @article{Dommering2018g, title = {In zaak-Ruf wijst veel op gemeentelijke ingreep}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Parool4juni2018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-07}, note = {Opinie in Het Parool, 4 juni 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 22 februari 2018 (Alpha Doryforiki Tileorasi Anonymi Etairia / Griekenland) European Human Rights Cases, 2018 (6), 2018. @article{McGonagle2018b, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 22 februari 2018 (Alpha Doryforiki Tileorasi Anonymi Etairia / Griekenland)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2018_6.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hins, A. Mediaforum, 2018 (2), pp. 29, 2018, (Opinie). @article{Hins2018b, title = {EU vs Disinfo}, author = {Hins, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_2.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {2}, pages = {29}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Breemen, J., Breemen, V. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 147 , pp. 8630-8631, 2018, ISSN: 2212-5205-3. @article{Breemen2018c, title = {Kroniek Mediarecht}, author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V. }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_147_mediarecht.pdf}, issn = {2212-5205-3}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-06-01}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {147}, pages = {8630-8631}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Modderman, P., Poort, J., Rutten, P., Schelven, R. van, van Eijk, N., Visser, F., Wolters, L. Must carry on: Onderzoek naar aanpassing van de mediawettelijke doorgifteverplichting 2018. @techreport{vanSchelven2018, title = {Must carry on: Onderzoek naar aanpassing van de mediawettelijke doorgifteverplichting}, author = {Schelven, R. van and Wolters, L. and Modderman, P. and Rutten, P. and Poort, J. and van Eijk, N. and Visser, F.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Must_carry_on.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-24}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Gervais, D.J. The cultural role(s) of collective management organizations European Intellectual Property Review, 2018 (6), pp. 349-356, 2018. @article{Gervais2018, title = {The cultural role(s) of collective management organizations}, author = {Gervais, D.J.}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-24}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {349-356}, abstract = {Collective management organizations (CMOs) are, first and foremost, copyright and related rights licensing bodies managing vast sums of money. That does not, however, define the entire scope of their activities. For example, the 2014 EU Directive on collective management notes that CMOS "play, and should continue to play, an important role as promoters of the diversity of cultural expression". This article explains and evaluates the cultural functions that CMOs play.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Collective management organizations (CMOs) are, first and foremost, copyright and related rights licensing bodies managing vast sums of money. That does not, however, define the entire scope of their activities. For example, the 2014 EU Directive on collective management notes that CMOS "play, and should continue to play, an important role as promoters of the diversity of cultural expression". This article explains and evaluates the cultural functions that CMOs play. |
| Bol, N., Helberger, N., Sax, M. Journal of Consumer Policy, 41 (2), pp. 103-134, 2018, ISSN: 0168-7034. @article{Sax2018, title = {Health as a Means Towards Profitable Ends: mHealth Apps, User Autonomy, and Unfair Commercial Practices}, author = {Sax, M. and Helberger, N. and Bol, N.}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10603-018-9374-3}, doi = {10.1007/s10603-018-9374-3}, issn = {0168-7034}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-22}, journal = {Journal of Consumer Policy}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {103-134}, abstract = {In this article, we discuss mHealth apps and their potential to influence the user’s behaviour in increasingly persuasive ways. More specifically, we call attention to the fact that mHealth apps often seek to not only influence the health behaviour of users but also their economic behaviour by merging health and commercial content in ways that are hard to detect. We argue that (1) such merging of health and commercial content raises specific questions concerning the autonomy of mHealth app users, and (2) consumer law offers a promising legal lens to address questions concerning user protection in this context. Based on an empirically informed ethical analysis of autonomy, we develop a fine-grained framework that incorporates three different requirements for autonomy that we call “independence,” “authenticity,” and “options.” This framework also differentiates between three different stages of mHealth app use, namely installing, starting to use, and continuing to use an app. As a result, user autonomy can be analysed in a nuanced and precise manner. Since the concept of autonomy plays a prominent, yet poorly understood role in unfair commercial practice law, we utilize the ethical analysis of autonomy to guide our legal analysis of the proper application of unfair commercial practice law in the mHealth app domain.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this article, we discuss mHealth apps and their potential to influence the user’s behaviour in increasingly persuasive ways. More specifically, we call attention to the fact that mHealth apps often seek to not only influence the health behaviour of users but also their economic behaviour by merging health and commercial content in ways that are hard to detect. We argue that (1) such merging of health and commercial content raises specific questions concerning the autonomy of mHealth app users, and (2) consumer law offers a promising legal lens to address questions concerning user protection in this context. Based on an empirically informed ethical analysis of autonomy, we develop a fine-grained framework that incorporates three different requirements for autonomy that we call “independence,” “authenticity,” and “options.” This framework also differentiates between three different stages of mHealth app use, namely installing, starting to use, and continuing to use an app. As a result, user autonomy can be analysed in a nuanced and precise manner. Since the concept of autonomy plays a prominent, yet poorly understood role in unfair commercial practice law, we utilize the ethical analysis of autonomy to guide our legal analysis of the proper application of unfair commercial practice law in the mHealth app domain. |
| van Eijk, N. 'Laat u niet opjagen door privacyophef' 2018, (Opinie in Het Parool, 17 mei 2018.). @article{vanEijk2018g, title = {'Laat u niet opjagen door privacyophef'}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Het_Parool_17mei2018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-18}, abstract = {Alle opwinding over de nieuwe Europese privacyregels komt volgens Nico van Eijk neer op stemmingmakerij. Op 25 mei ziet hij bar weinig veranderen.}, note = {Opinie in Het Parool, 17 mei 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Alle opwinding over de nieuwe Europese privacyregels komt volgens Nico van Eijk neer op stemmingmakerij. Op 25 mei ziet hij bar weinig veranderen. |
| van Eijk, N. Sleep maker safarifilmpje voor de rechter 2018, (Opinie in De Volkskrant, 14 mei 2018.). @article{vanEijk2018h, title = {Sleep maker safarifilmpje voor de rechter}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Volkskrant_14mei2018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-18}, note = {Opinie in De Volkskrant, 14 mei 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B. The Genesis of Library Genesis: The Birth of a Global Scholarly Shadow Library 2018, (Chapter in: Shadow Libraries: Access to Knowledge in Global Higher Education / J. Karaganis (ed.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2018. ISBN: 9780262535014.). @inbook{Bod\'{o}2018b, title = {The Genesis of Library Genesis: The Birth of a Global Scholarly Shadow Library}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/library_genesis.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-18}, note = {Chapter in: Shadow Libraries: Access to Knowledge in Global Higher Education / J. Karaganis (ed.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2018. ISBN: 9780262535014.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Bodó, B. Library Genesis in Numbers: Mapping the Underground Flow of Knowledge 2018, (Chapter in: Shadow Libraries: Access to Knowledge in Global Higher Education / J. Karaganis (ed.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2018. ISBN: 9780262535014.). @inbook{Bod\'{o}2018c, title = {Library Genesis in Numbers: Mapping the Underground Flow of Knowledge}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/library_genesis_numbers.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-18}, note = {Chapter in: Shadow Libraries: Access to Knowledge in Global Higher Education / J. Karaganis (ed.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2018. ISBN: 9780262535014.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| McGonagle, T., Voorhoof, D. Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights 2018, (IRIS Themes, Vol. III, 4th edition, Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory, 2017 ISBN: 9789287184351 (print version).). @book{McGonagle2018, title = {Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/freedom-of-expression-the-media-and-journalists-iris-themes-vol-iii-de/16807c1181}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-17}, abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. With well over 30,000 downloads, the first three editions of the e-book (2013, 2015 and 2016) have proved hugely successful. The new fourth edition summarises over 270 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). For an optimal navigational experience, one should download the e-book and read the technical tips on p. 3.}, note = {IRIS Themes, Vol. III, 4th edition, Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory, 2017 ISBN: 9789287184351 (print version).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. With well over 30,000 downloads, the first three editions of the e-book (2013, 2015 and 2016) have proved hugely successful. The new fourth edition summarises over 270 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). For an optimal navigational experience, one should download the e-book and read the technical tips on p. 3. |
| Arnbak, A. Nieuwe privacregels AVG bieden kansen voor innovatieve data-analyse Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018g, title = {Nieuwe privacregels AVG bieden kansen voor innovatieve data-analyse}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/05/17/48e-fd-column-nieuwe-privacyregels-avg-bieden-kansen-voor-innovatieve-data-analyse/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-17}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P., Kretschmer, M. Reconstructing Rights: Project Synthesis and Recommendations 2018. @inbook{Hugenholtz2018d, title = {Reconstructing Rights: Project Synthesis and Recommendations}, author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Kretschmer, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Reconstructing_rights.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-03}, abstract = {In: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, P.B. Hugenholtz (ed.), Information Law Series, vol. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer 2018, ISBN: 978-90-411-9103-8.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } In: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, P.B. Hugenholtz (ed.), Information Law Series, vol. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer 2018, ISBN: 978-90-411-9103-8. |
| Hugenholtz, P. 2018, ISBN: 9789041191038, (Information Law Series, vol. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer 2018, ISBN: 9789041191038, 388 pp.). @book{Hugenholtz2018e, title = {Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ILS_41_flyer.pdf}, isbn = {9789041191038}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-03}, abstract = {The historical evolution of copyright has led to a growing disconnect between the legal definitions of economic rights and the business and technological realities they regulate, eroding copyright’s normative content and distorting the scope of its economic rights. This book, which consolidates the results of a major trans-European research project funded by Microsoft Europe, re-examines the core economic rights protected under EU copyright law, with the aim of bringing these rights more in line with economic and technological realities.}, note = {Information Law Series, vol. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer 2018, ISBN: 9789041191038, 388 pp.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } The historical evolution of copyright has led to a growing disconnect between the legal definitions of economic rights and the business and technological realities they regulate, eroding copyright’s normative content and distorting the scope of its economic rights. This book, which consolidates the results of a major trans-European research project funded by Microsoft Europe, re-examines the core economic rights protected under EU copyright law, with the aim of bringing these rights more in line with economic and technological realities. |
| Ryngaert, C.M.J., van Eijk, N. Expert Opinion: Legal basis for multilateral exchange of information 2018. @techreport{vanEijk2018f, title = {Expert Opinion: Legal basis for multilateral exchange of information}, author = {van Eijk, N. and Ryngaert, C.M.J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Expert_opinion_CTIVD.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-03}, abstract = {Appendix IV to CTIVD report no. 56 to the review report on the multilateral exchange of data on (alleged) jihadists by the AIVD}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Appendix IV to CTIVD report no. 56 to the review report on the multilateral exchange of data on (alleged) jihadists by the AIVD |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J. A Brief History of Value Gaps: Pre-Internet Copyright Protection and Exploitation Models 2018 , Chapter 2, pp. 11-58, Wolters Kluwer, 2018, (Chapter in: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, Hugenholtz, P.B. ed., Information Law Series, no. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. ISBN: 9789041191038). @inbook{Quintais2018f, title = {A Brief History of Value Gaps: Pre-Internet Copyright Protection and Exploitation Models}, author = {Quintais, J. and Poort, J.}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-03}, volume = {2018}, pages = {11-58}, publisher = {Wolters Kluwer}, chapter = {2}, series = {Information Law Series}, note = {Chapter in: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, Hugenholtz, P.B. ed., Information Law Series, no. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. ISBN: 9789041191038}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Poort, J., Rognstad, O-A. The Right to Reasonable Exploitation Concretized: An Incentive Based Approach 2018 , 2018, (Chapter in: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, Hugenholtz, P.B. ed., Information Law Series, no. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. ISBN: 9789041191038). @inbook{Rognstad2018, title = {The Right to Reasonable Exploitation Concretized: An Incentive Based Approach}, author = {Rognstad, O-A. and Poort, J.}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-03}, volume = {2018}, note = {Chapter in: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, Hugenholtz, P.B. ed., Information Law Series, no. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. ISBN: 9789041191038}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Hugenholtz, P., Quintais, J. Towards a Universal Rights of Remuneration: Legalizing the Non-commercial Online Use of Works 2018, (Chapter in: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, Hugenholtz, P.B. ed., Information Law Series, no. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. ISBN: 9789041191038). @inbook{Hugenholtz2018i, title = {Towards a Universal Rights of Remuneration: Legalizing the Non-commercial Online Use of Works}, author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J.}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-03}, note = {Chapter in: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, Hugenholtz, P.B. ed., Information Law Series, no. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. ISBN: 9789041191038}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Poort, J. Borderlines of Copyright Protection: An Economic Analysis 2018, (Chapter in: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, Hugenholtz, P.B. ed., Information Law Series, no. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. ISBN: 9789041191038). @inbook{Poort2018c, title = {Borderlines of Copyright Protection: An Economic Analysis}, author = {Poort, J.}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-03}, note = {Chapter in: Copyright Reconstructed: Rethinking Copyright's Economic Rights in a Time of Highly Dynamic Technological and Economic Change, Hugenholtz, P.B. ed., Information Law Series, no. 41, Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, 2018. ISBN: 9789041191038}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Bol, N., Helberger, N., Weert, J.C.M. Differences in mobile health app use: A source of new digital inequalities? The Information Society, 2018 (3), 2018. @article{Bol2018, title = {Differences in mobile health app use: A source of new digital inequalities?}, author = {Bol, N. and Helberger, N. and Weert, J.C.M.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01972243.2018.1438550}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-05-01}, journal = {The Information Society}, volume = {2018}, number = {3}, abstract = {This article provides a more differentiated understanding of mobile health consumers, and considers whether health app use may contribute to new digital inequalities. It focuses on factors associated with mobile health app use, and identifies which factors explain the use of different types of health apps. Data from a large representative sample of the Dutch population (N = 1,079) show that mobile health app users were generally younger, higher educated, and had higher levels of e-health literacy skills than non-users. Interestingly, different usage patterns were found for specific types of health apps. Theory and policy implications are discussed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article provides a more differentiated understanding of mobile health consumers, and considers whether health app use may contribute to new digital inequalities. It focuses on factors associated with mobile health app use, and identifies which factors explain the use of different types of health apps. Data from a large representative sample of the Dutch population (N = 1,079) show that mobile health app users were generally younger, higher educated, and had higher levels of e-health literacy skills than non-users. Interestingly, different usage patterns were found for specific types of health apps. Theory and policy implications are discussed. |
| Perkal, P.J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Perkal2018, title = {The Art of Sampling in the Metall auf Metall case: a new form of artistic expression or mere infringement of copyright and related rights?}, author = {Perkal, P.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/04/24/art-sampling-metall-auf-metall-case-new-form-artistic-expression-mere-infringement-copyright-related-rights/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-26}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 7 juli 2017 (Nanada / Golden Earring) AMI, 2018 (2), pp. 84-86, 2018. @article{Hugenholtz2018c, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 7 juli 2017 (Nanada / Golden Earring)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_2.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-19}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {2}, pages = {84-86}, abstract = {Buitengerechtelijke ontbinding van muziekuitgave-overeenkomsten wegens tekortschieten door uitgever in exploitatieverplichting: klachtplicht (art. 6:89 BW) geldt niet bij voortdurend tekortschieten. Muziekuitgavecontracten zijn duurovereenkomsten voor onbepaalde tijd die in beginsel kunnen worden opgezegd, maar daarvoor moeten blijkens art. 25(e) Aw zwaarwegende gronden bestaan.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Buitengerechtelijke ontbinding van muziekuitgave-overeenkomsten wegens tekortschieten door uitgever in exploitatieverplichting: klachtplicht (art. 6:89 BW) geldt niet bij voortdurend tekortschieten. Muziekuitgavecontracten zijn duurovereenkomsten voor onbepaalde tijd die in beginsel kunnen worden opgezegd, maar daarvoor moeten blijkens art. 25(e) Aw zwaarwegende gronden bestaan. |
| Kabel, J. Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 30 januari 2018 (Schaap / Gemeente Amsterdam) AMI, 2018 (2), pp. 89-90, 2018. @article{Kabel2018b, title = {Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 30 januari 2018 (Schaap / Gemeente Amsterdam)}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_2-1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-19}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {2}, pages = {89-90}, abstract = {Vordering tegen de Gemeente Amsterdam tot plaatsing op de afgesproken locatie op de groenstrook langs de Theophile de Bockstraat in Amsterdam-Zuid door de maker Femke Schaap van het kunstwerk ‘Westland Wells’, ondanks hardnekkig verzet door de buurtbewoners tegen die plaatsing. Het hof is niet gebonden aan de belangenafweging die heeft geleid tot verlening van een omgevingsvergunning voor plaatsing op de afgesproken locatie. De gemeente is op grond van de overeenkomst van opdracht niet verplicht om het kunstwerk te plaatsen op de oorspronkelijk overeengekomen locatie, maar, gezien de strekking van de overeenkomst, wel tot plaatsing elders. De auteursrechtelijke grondslag ter onderbouwing van vordering is nu de contractuele grondslag is toegewezen niet meer van belang. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Vordering tegen de Gemeente Amsterdam tot plaatsing op de afgesproken locatie op de groenstrook langs de Theophile de Bockstraat in Amsterdam-Zuid door de maker Femke Schaap van het kunstwerk ‘Westland Wells’, ondanks hardnekkig verzet door de buurtbewoners tegen die plaatsing. Het hof is niet gebonden aan de belangenafweging die heeft geleid tot verlening van een omgevingsvergunning voor plaatsing op de afgesproken locatie. De gemeente is op grond van de overeenkomst van opdracht niet verplicht om het kunstwerk te plaatsen op de oorspronkelijk overeengekomen locatie, maar, gezien de strekking van de overeenkomst, wel tot plaatsing elders. De auteursrechtelijke grondslag ter onderbouwing van vordering is nu de contractuele grondslag is toegewezen niet meer van belang. |
| Arnbak, A. Veranker Europese waarden in technologie van de toekomst Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018f, title = {Veranker Europese waarden in technologie van de toekomst}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/04/23/47e-fd-column-veranker-europese-waarden-in-technologie-van-de-toekomst/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-19}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 5 september 2017 (Barbulescu / Roemenië) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (15), pp. 2021-2023, 2018. @article{Dommering2018f, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 5 september 2017 (Barbulescu / Roemeni\"{e})}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_137.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-17}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {15}, pages = {2021-2023}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Irion, K. 2018. @collection{Irion2018b, title = {Public Security Exception in the Area of non-personal Data in the European Union, Briefing Requested by the IMCO committee Policy, European Parliament, Brussels, April 2018}, author = {Irion, K.}, url = {http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2018/618986/IPOL_BRI(2018)618986_EN.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-16}, journal = {Briefing requested by the IMCO committee}, number = {PE 618.986}, abstract = {Mid-September last year the European Commission presented a proposal for a new regulation on the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union. The free movement of data in the digital single market has been called the fifth freedom complementing the existing freedoms on movement of goods, services, capital and people. The proposed regulation seeks to remove unjustified data localisation measures that fall in the scope of EU law. Often this will amount to cutting bureaucratic red tape in the private sector, such as for example removing a domestic obligation to maintain a full copy of bookkeeping on premise of an organisation in a given Member State. Member States can justify an activity that contravenes this proposal on grounds of public security - an exception this briefing is tasked with analyzing. The briefing concludes that the fifth freedom would have a moderate impact for the European data economy. The author offers concrete guidance to the EU legislator how to improve the draft regulation in order to preserve the freedom of contract. The public security exception foreseen could be too narrow because it precludes member states to take measures that can be justified on grounds of public policy or the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants. Drawing on the analogy with fire safety regulations in the member states it would be too early to preclude that in the future we will need local mirrors and handles. Locality continues to matter for example in the Internet of Things environment because as individuals we live in a physical place.}, howpublished = {PE 618.986}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {collection} } Mid-September last year the European Commission presented a proposal for a new regulation on the free flow of non-personal data in the European Union. The free movement of data in the digital single market has been called the fifth freedom complementing the existing freedoms on movement of goods, services, capital and people. The proposed regulation seeks to remove unjustified data localisation measures that fall in the scope of EU law. Often this will amount to cutting bureaucratic red tape in the private sector, such as for example removing a domestic obligation to maintain a full copy of bookkeeping on premise of an organisation in a given Member State. Member States can justify an activity that contravenes this proposal on grounds of public security - an exception this briefing is tasked with analyzing. The briefing concludes that the fifth freedom would have a moderate impact for the European data economy. The author offers concrete guidance to the EU legislator how to improve the draft regulation in order to preserve the freedom of contract. The public security exception foreseen could be too narrow because it precludes member states to take measures that can be justified on grounds of public policy or the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants. Drawing on the analogy with fire safety regulations in the member states it would be too early to preclude that in the future we will need local mirrors and handles. Locality continues to matter for example in the Internet of Things environment because as individuals we live in a physical place. |
| Steenbruggen, W., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. 2018 , 2018. @article{Borgesius2018b, title = {The Right to Communications Confidentiality in Europe: Protecting Trust, Privacy, and Freedom of Expression}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Steenbruggen, W.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3152014}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-06}, volume = {2018}, abstract = {In the European Union, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides comprehensive rules for the processing of personal data. In addition, the EU lawmaker intends to adopt specific rules to protect confidentiality of communications, in a separate ePrivacy Regulation. Some have argued that there is no need for such additional rules for communications confidentiality. This paper discusses the protection of the right to confidentiality of communications in Europe. We look at the right’s origins as a fundamental right to assess the rationale for protecting the right. We also analyse how the right is currently protected under the European Convention on Human Rights and under EU law. We show that the right to communications confidentiality protects three values: trust in communication services, privacy, and freedom of expression. The right aims to ensure that individuals and businesses can safely entrust communication to service providers. Initially, the right protected only postal letters, but it has gradually developed into a strong safeguard for the protection of confidentiality of communications, regardless of the technology used. Hence, the right does not merely serve individual privacy interests, but also other interests that are crucial for the functioning of our information society. We conclude that separate EU rules to protect communications confidentiality, next to the GDPR, are justified and necessary to protect trust, privacy and freedom and expression.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the European Union, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides comprehensive rules for the processing of personal data. In addition, the EU lawmaker intends to adopt specific rules to protect confidentiality of communications, in a separate ePrivacy Regulation. Some have argued that there is no need for such additional rules for communications confidentiality. This paper discusses the protection of the right to confidentiality of communications in Europe. We look at the right’s origins as a fundamental right to assess the rationale for protecting the right. We also analyse how the right is currently protected under the European Convention on Human Rights and under EU law. We show that the right to communications confidentiality protects three values: trust in communication services, privacy, and freedom of expression. The right aims to ensure that individuals and businesses can safely entrust communication to service providers. Initially, the right protected only postal letters, but it has gradually developed into a strong safeguard for the protection of confidentiality of communications, regardless of the technology used. Hence, the right does not merely serve individual privacy interests, but also other interests that are crucial for the functioning of our information society. We conclude that separate EU rules to protect communications confidentiality, next to the GDPR, are justified and necessary to protect trust, privacy and freedom and expression. |
| Ryngaert, C.M.J., van Eijk, N. Deskundigenbericht: Juridische grondslag multilaterale informatie-uitwisseling 2018 , 2018, (Bijlage IV bij CTIVD rapport nr. 56 over de multilaterale gegevensuitwisseling door de AIVD over (vermeende) jihadisten. Zie ook: https://www.ctivd.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/03/28/index.). @article{vanEijk2018e, title = {Deskundigenbericht: Juridische grondslag multilaterale informatie-uitwisseling}, author = {van Eijk, N. and Ryngaert, C.M.J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Deskundigenbericht.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-03}, volume = {2018}, note = {Bijlage IV bij CTIVD rapport nr. 56 over de multilaterale gegevensuitwisseling door de AIVD over (vermeende) jihadisten. Zie ook: https://www.ctivd.nl/actueel/nieuws/2018/03/28/index.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (13), pp. 1672-1674, 2018. @article{Hugenholtz2018b, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 27 maart 2014 (UPC Telekabel Wien / Constantin Film Verleih & Wega Filmproduktionsgesellschaft) en Hoge Raad 13 november 2015 (Stichting Brein / Ziggo & XS4ALL)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_110.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-03}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {13}, pages = {1672-1674}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 9 maart 2017 (Camera di Commercio / S. Manni) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (14), pp. 1796-1797, 2018. @article{Dommering2018e, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 9 maart 2017 (Camera di Commercio / S. Manni)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_124.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-04-03}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {14}, pages = {1796-1797}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Zeybek, B. Text and Data Mining in the Proposed Directive: Where do we stand? Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Zeybek2018b, title = {Text and Data Mining in the Proposed Directive: Where do we stand? }, author = {Zeybek, B.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/03/23/text-data-mining-proposed-directive-stand/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-26}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (13), pp. 1700-1705, 2018. @article{Hugenholtz2018, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 13 februari 2014 (Svensson / Retriever Sverige), Hof van Justitie EU 8 september 2016 (GS Media / Sanoma Media Netherlands), Hof van Justitie EU 26 april 2017 (Stichting Brein / J.F. Wullems) en Hof van Justitie EU 14 juni 2017 (Stichting Brein / Ziggo & XS4ALL Internet)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_114.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-26}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {13}, pages = {1700-1705}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. Het kabinet past bescheidenheid bij uitvoering van de inlichtingenwet Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018, (Column 23 maart 2018). @article{Arnbak2018, title = {Het kabinet past bescheidenheid bij uitvoering van de inlichtingenwet}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/03/25/46e-fd-column-het-kabinet-past-bescheidenheid-bij-uitvoering-van-de-inlichtingenwet/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-26}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, note = {Column 23 maart 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. Geen Spelen of verkiezingen zonder digitale oorlogsvoering Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018, (Column 22 februari 2018). @article{Arnbak2018b, title = {Geen Spelen of verkiezingen zonder digitale oorlogsvoering}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/03/25/45e-fd-column-geen-spelen-of-verkiezingen-zonder-digitale-oorlogsvoering/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-26}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, note = {Column 22 februari 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. Machtspositie Nederland belangrijke drijfveer controversiële internettap Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018, (Column 25 januari 2018). @article{Arnbak2018c, title = {Machtspositie Nederland belangrijke drijfveer controversi\"{e}le internettap}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/01/26/44e-fd-column-machtspositie-nederland-belangrijke-drijfveer-voor-controversiele-internettap/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-26}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, note = {Column 25 januari 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. Het Financieele Dagblad, 2017 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018d, title = {Bewuste digitale keuze is voor gebruiker belangrijker dan ooit: Noodzakelijke internationale consensus over digitale innovatie steeds lastiger te realiseren}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/01/26/43e-fd-column-bewuste-digitale-keuze-is-voor-gebruiker-belangrijker-dan-ooit/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-26}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2017}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. Het Financieele Dagblad, 2017 , 2018, (Column 30 november 2017). @article{Arnbak2018e, title = {Big Brother Awards verklaren vertrouwensbreuk burger en politiek: Burger zoekt vaker heil bij rechter voor bescherming digitale rechten}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2017/11/30/42e-fd-column-big-brother-awards-verklaren-vertrouwensbreuk-burger-en-politiek/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-26}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2017}, note = {Column 30 november 2017}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Daalen, O. De zeven privacytrends van 2017 Mediaforum, 2018 (1), pp. 2-5, 2018. @article{vanDaalen2018, title = {De zeven privacytrends van 2017}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-22}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {1}, pages = {2-5}, abstract = {Het is drie jaar geleden dat Mediaforum een overzicht van tien privacytrends publiceerde. Toen was de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) nog niet aangenomen, lag Snowden nog fris in het geheugen en heette de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP) nog het College Bescherming Persoonsgegevens. Privacyrecht was ook toen al best belangrijk, maar de aandacht voor dit vakgebied is in de afgelopen jaren behoorlijk gegroeid. Dus laten we de vraag opnieuw stellen: wat is er de afgelopen tijd gebeurd op privacygebied, en vallen daarin grote lijnen te ontwaren?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het is drie jaar geleden dat Mediaforum een overzicht van tien privacytrends publiceerde. Toen was de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) nog niet aangenomen, lag Snowden nog fris in het geheugen en heette de Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (AP) nog het College Bescherming Persoonsgegevens. Privacyrecht was ook toen al best belangrijk, maar de aandacht voor dit vakgebied is in de afgelopen jaren behoorlijk gegroeid. Dus laten we de vraag opnieuw stellen: wat is er de afgelopen tijd gebeurd op privacygebied, en vallen daarin grote lijnen te ontwaren? |
| Hins, A. Mediaforum, 2018 (1), pp. 22-23, 2018. @article{Hins2018, title = {Annotatie bij Afd. bestuursrechtspraak Raad van State 25 oktober 2017 (Minister van Veiligheid en Justitie / NOS e.a.)}, author = {Hins, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_MF_1_2018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-22}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {1}, pages = {22-23}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Irion, K., Kohte, W. Mitbestimmung des Betriebsrats bei der Einrichtung einer Facebook-Seite 2018 (3), 2018. @periodical{Irion2018, title = {Mitbestimmung des Betriebsrats bei der Einrichtung einer Facebook-Seite}, author = {Irion, K. and Kohte, W.}, url = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/juru.2018.2018.issue-3/juru-2018-0019/juru-2018-0019.xml?format=INT}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/juru-2018-0019}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-20}, journal = {Juristische Rundschau}, volume = {2018}, number = {3}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {periodical} } |
| Eijkman, Q., van Eijk, N. Enkele kanttekeningen bij de Wiv 2017: De uitbreiding van bevoegdheden getoetst aan mensenrechten Justitiële Verkenningen, 2018 (1), pp. 99-113, 2018. @article{vanEijk2018d, title = {Enkele kanttekeningen bij de Wiv 2017: De uitbreiding van bevoegdheden getoetst aan mensenrechten}, author = {van Eijk, N. and Eijkman, Q.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/JV_2018_1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-20}, journal = {Justiti\"{e}le Verkenningen}, volume = {2018}, number = {1}, pages = {99-113}, abstract = {Wij presenteren in dit artikel een aantal kanttekeningen bij de Wiv 2017. Dit doen wij door een aantal relevante in Nederland en in de Europese Unie verschenen overkoepelende studies over grondrechten te bespreken. Deze kanttekeningen zijn deels gebaseerd op normatieve uitgangspunten en aanbevelingen uit deze studies, deels ontleend aan nog lopend onderzoek. Gezien de aard en omvang van dit artikel is een selectie gemaakt en beperkt de analyse zich tot het schetsen van de belangrijkste dilemma’s.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Wij presenteren in dit artikel een aantal kanttekeningen bij de Wiv 2017. Dit doen wij door een aantal relevante in Nederland en in de Europese Unie verschenen overkoepelende studies over grondrechten te bespreken. Deze kanttekeningen zijn deels gebaseerd op normatieve uitgangspunten en aanbevelingen uit deze studies, deels ontleend aan nog lopend onderzoek. Gezien de aard en omvang van dit artikel is een selectie gemaakt en beperkt de analyse zich tot het schetsen van de belangrijkste dilemma’s. |
| Coche, E. Copyright reform: a new right for press publishers – to have or not to have? Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Coche2018b, title = {Copyright reform: a new right for press publishers \textendash to have or not to have?}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/03/13/copyright-reform-new-right-press-publishers-not/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-15}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. AMI, 2018 (1), pp. 43-44, 2018. @article{Dommering2018d, title = {Annotatie bij Rb Amsterdam 9 augustus 2017 (Davids / Riot Games Europe) & Rb Amsterdam 6 december 2017 (Verstappen / Karakter Uitgevers)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-15}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {1}, pages = {43-44}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, (146), pp. 8565-8566, 2018. @article{vanEijk2018b, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_146.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-13}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, number = {146}, pages = {8565-8566}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, (145), pp. 8498-8499, 2018. @article{vanEijk2018c, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_145.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-13}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, number = {145}, pages = {8498-8499}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Breemen, J., Breemen, V. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2017 (145), pp. 8496-8498, 2018. @article{Breemen2018, title = {Kroniek Mediarecht}, author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_145-1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-13}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2017}, number = {145}, pages = {8496-8498}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Breemen, J., Breemen, V. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2018 (146), pp. 8563-8565, 2018. @article{Breemen2018b, title = {Kroniek Mediarecht}, author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_146-1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-13}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2018}, number = {146}, pages = {8563-8565}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 27 juni 2017 (Satakunnan Markkinapörssi Oy & Satamedia Oy / Finland) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (8), pp. 984-987, 2018. @article{Dommering2018c, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 27 juni 2017 (Satakunnan Markkinap\"{o}rssi Oy & Satamedia Oy / Finland)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_67.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-13}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {8}, pages = {984-987}, abstract = {In Finland mogen openbare fiscale inkomensgegevens niet onbeperkt worden gepubliceerd: er moet een afweging plaatsvinden welk algemeen belang daarmee is gediend. Deze afweging is vergelijkbaar met die voor algemene privacy inbreuken door de pers geldt. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Finland mogen openbare fiscale inkomensgegevens niet onbeperkt worden gepubliceerd: er moet een afweging plaatsvinden welk algemeen belang daarmee is gediend. Deze afweging is vergelijkbaar met die voor algemene privacy inbreuken door de pers geldt. |
| Eijkman, Q., Schaik, R. van, van Eijk, N. 2018. @techreport{Eijkman2018, title = {Dutch National Security Reform Under Review: Sufficient Checks and Balances in the Intelligence and Security Services Act 2017?}, author = {Eijkman, Q. and van Eijk, N. and Schaik, R. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Wiv_2017.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-08}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Es, B. van, Helberger, N., Möller, J., Trilling, D. Information, Communication & Society, 2018. @article{M\"{o}ller2018, title = {Do not blame it on the algorithm: an empirical assessment of multiple recommender systems and their impact on content diversity}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Trilling, D. and Helberger, N. and Es, B. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ICS_2018.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1444076}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-03-08}, journal = {Information, Communication & Society}, abstract = {In the debate about filter bubbles caused by algorithmic news recommendation, the conceptualization of the two core concepts in this debate, diversity and algorithms, has received little attention in social scientific research. This paper examines the effect of multiple recommender systems on different diversity dimensions. To this end, it maps different values that diversity can serve, and a respective set of criteria that characterizes a diverse information offer in this particular conception of diversity. We make use of a data set of simulated article recommendations based on actual content of one of the major Dutch broadsheet newspapers and its users (N=21,973 articles, N=500 users). We find that all of the recommendation logics under study proved to lead to a rather diverse set of recommendations that are on par with human editors and that basing recommendations on user histories can substantially increase topic diversity within a recommendation set.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the debate about filter bubbles caused by algorithmic news recommendation, the conceptualization of the two core concepts in this debate, diversity and algorithms, has received little attention in social scientific research. This paper examines the effect of multiple recommender systems on different diversity dimensions. To this end, it maps different values that diversity can serve, and a respective set of criteria that characterizes a diverse information offer in this particular conception of diversity. We make use of a data set of simulated article recommendations based on actual content of one of the major Dutch broadsheet newspapers and its users (N=21,973 articles, N=500 users). We find that all of the recommendation logics under study proved to lead to a rather diverse set of recommendations that are on par with human editors and that basing recommendations on user histories can substantially increase topic diversity within a recommendation set. |
| Bodó, B., Dobber, T., Fahy, R., Irion, K., Kruikemeier, S., Möller, J., Vreese, C.H. de, Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Online Political Microtargeting: Promises and Threats for Democracy Utrecht Law Review, 14 (1), pp. 82-96, 2018. @article{Borgesius2018, title = {Online Political Microtargeting: Promises and Threats for Democracy}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and M\"{o}ller, J. and Kruikemeier, S. and Fahy, R. and Irion, K. and Dobber, T. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/UtrechtLawReview.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-13}, journal = {Utrecht Law Review}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {82-96}, abstract = {Online political microtargeting involves monitoring people’s online behaviour, and using the collected data, sometimes enriched with other data, to show people-targeted political advertisements. Online political microtargeting is widely used in the US; Europe may not be far behind. This paper maps microtargeting’s promises and threats to democracy. For example, microtargeting promises to optimise the match between the electorate’s concerns and political campaigns, and to boost campaign engagement and political participation. But online microtargeting could also threaten democracy. For instance, a political party could, misleadingly, present itself as a different one-issue party to different individuals. And data collection for microtargeting raises privacy concerns. We sketch possibilities for policymakers if they seek to regulate online political microtargeting. We discuss which measures would be possible, while complying with the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Online political microtargeting involves monitoring people’s online behaviour, and using the collected data, sometimes enriched with other data, to show people-targeted political advertisements. Online political microtargeting is widely used in the US; Europe may not be far behind. This paper maps microtargeting’s promises and threats to democracy. For example, microtargeting promises to optimise the match between the electorate’s concerns and political campaigns, and to boost campaign engagement and political participation. But online microtargeting could also threaten democracy. For instance, a political party could, misleadingly, present itself as a different one-issue party to different individuals. And data collection for microtargeting raises privacy concerns. We sketch possibilities for policymakers if they seek to regulate online political microtargeting. We discuss which measures would be possible, while complying with the right to freedom of expression under the European Convention on Human Rights. |
| Zeybek, B. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Zeybek2018, title = {“Reformist Departure”: Questions Referred by the Bundesgerichtshof to the CJEU on the Reporting of Current Events and Quotation Exceptions}, author = {Zeybek, B.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/02/12/reformist-departure-questions-referred-bundesgerichtshof-cjeu-reporting-current-events-quotation-exceptions/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-13}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, abstract = {The exceptions for reporting of current events and quotation facilitate the functioning of the media. On 27 July 2017, the Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) submitted several questions to the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU or Court) on the balance between copyright exceptions and the fundamental freedoms of information and the media, as well as the exceptions for quotation and reporting of current events. In answering these questions, the CJEU may well shed light on the open-ended drafting of these exceptions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The exceptions for reporting of current events and quotation facilitate the functioning of the media. On 27 July 2017, the Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) submitted several questions to the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU or Court) on the balance between copyright exceptions and the fundamental freedoms of information and the media, as well as the exceptions for quotation and reporting of current events. In answering these questions, the CJEU may well shed light on the open-ended drafting of these exceptions. |
| Dommering, E. De Intocht van Boniklasius in Dokkum, dertien eeuwen later Mediaforum, 2017 (7/8), pp. 217, 2018, (Opinie). @article{Dommering2018b, title = {De Intocht van Boniklasius in Dokkum, dertien eeuwen later}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2017_7_8_opinie.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-13}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2017}, number = {7/8}, pages = {217}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. Rondetafelgesprek over marktdominantie van internet en technologiebedrijven 2018, (Kamercommissie voor Economische Zaken en Klimaat, 31 januari 2018). @article{vanEijk2018, title = {Rondetafelgesprek over marktdominantie van internet en technologiebedrijven }, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Rondetafelgesprek-over-marktdominantie-van-internet-en-technologiebedrijven.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-02}, note = {Kamercommissie voor Economische Zaken en Klimaat, 31 januari 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. Should taste be subject to copyright protection? Heksenkaas will tell us. 2018, (Kluwer Copyright Blog). @online{Coche2018, title = {Should taste be subject to copyright protection? Heksenkaas will tell us.}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/01/31/taste-subject-copyright-protection-heksenkaas-will-tell-us/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-02}, note = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
| Quintais, J., Rendas, T. Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice , 2018 (9), pp. 711-719, 2018. @article{Quintais2018b, title = {EU Copyright Law and the Cloud: VCAST and the Intersection of Private Copying and Communication to the Public}, author = {Quintais, J. and Rendas, T.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3113215}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-02-02}, journal = {Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice }, volume = {2018}, number = {9}, pages = {711-719}, abstract = {This article examines the applicability of the private copying exception to cloud services against the backdrop of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the Opinion of Advocate General (AG) Szpunar in Case C-265/16, VCAST. The case raises the question of whether the exception protects services of an online platform allowing users to store copies of free-to-air TV programmes in private cloud storage spaces. The AG’s proposed answer was to consider that cloud copying could generally be covered by the exception, but the specific service of VCAST could not. The CJEU focused on VCAST’s service only, largely following AG Szpunar’s conclusion. The article explains and discusses both the Opinion and the Judgment, further addressing the possible implications of the case for the “leviability” of cloud-based services and the interface between the private copying exception and the right of communication to the public. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article examines the applicability of the private copying exception to cloud services against the backdrop of the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the Opinion of Advocate General (AG) Szpunar in Case C-265/16, VCAST. The case raises the question of whether the exception protects services of an online platform allowing users to store copies of free-to-air TV programmes in private cloud storage spaces. The AG’s proposed answer was to consider that cloud copying could generally be covered by the exception, but the specific service of VCAST could not. The CJEU focused on VCAST’s service only, largely following AG Szpunar’s conclusion. The article explains and discusses both the Opinion and the Judgment, further addressing the possible implications of the case for the “leviability” of cloud-based services and the interface between the private copying exception and the right of communication to the public. |
| Breemen, V. Manual for the EnDow diligent search tool and Dutch translation 2018, visited: 20.09.2018. @online{Breemen2018e, title = {Manual for the EnDow diligent search tool and Dutch translation}, author = {Breemen, V. }, url = {http://diligentsearch.eu/manual/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-22}, urldate = {2018-09-20}, abstract = {DiligentSearch.eu is a platform that guides you through the diligent search process as prescribed the EU Orphan Works Directive and its national implementations. This manual provides information for common users on conducting a diligent search to find right holders of potential orphan works via the tool on diligentsearch.eu. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } DiligentSearch.eu is a platform that guides you through the diligent search process as prescribed the EU Orphan Works Directive and its national implementations. This manual provides information for common users on conducting a diligent search to find right holders of potential orphan works via the tool on diligentsearch.eu. |
| Bodó, B., Helberger, N., Vreese, C.H. de Political micro-targeting: a Manchurian candidate or just a dark horse? Internet Policy Review, 2017 (4), 2018. @article{Bod\'{o}2018, title = {Political micro-targeting: a Manchurian candidate or just a dark horse?}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/political-micro-targeting-manchurian-candidate-or-just-dark-horse}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-19}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {2017}, number = {4}, abstract = {Political micro-targeting (PMT) has become a popular topic both in academia and in the public discussions after the surprise results of the 2016 US presidential election, the UK vote on leaving the European Union, and a number of general elections in Europe in 2017. Yet, we still know little about whether PMT is a tool with such destructive potential that it requires close societal control, or if it’s “just” a new phenomenon with currently unknown capacities, but which can ultimately be incorporated into our political processes. In this article we identify the points where we think we need to further develop our analytical capacities around PMT. We argue that we need to decouple research from the US context, and through more non-US and comparative research we need to develop a better understanding of the macro, meso, and micro level factors that affect the adoption and success of PMTs across different countries. One of the most under-researched macro-level factors is law. We argue that PMT research must develop a better understanding of law, especially in Europe, where the regulatory frameworks around platforms, personal data, political and commercial speech do shape the use and effectiveness of PMT. We point out that the incorporation of such new factors calls for the sophistication of research designs, which currently rely too much on qualitative methods, and use too little of the data that exists on PMT. And finally, we call for distancing PMT research from the hype surrounding the new PMT capabilities, and the moral panics that quickly develop around its uses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Political micro-targeting (PMT) has become a popular topic both in academia and in the public discussions after the surprise results of the 2016 US presidential election, the UK vote on leaving the European Union, and a number of general elections in Europe in 2017. Yet, we still know little about whether PMT is a tool with such destructive potential that it requires close societal control, or if it’s “just” a new phenomenon with currently unknown capacities, but which can ultimately be incorporated into our political processes. In this article we identify the points where we think we need to further develop our analytical capacities around PMT. We argue that we need to decouple research from the US context, and through more non-US and comparative research we need to develop a better understanding of the macro, meso, and micro level factors that affect the adoption and success of PMTs across different countries. One of the most under-researched macro-level factors is law. We argue that PMT research must develop a better understanding of law, especially in Europe, where the regulatory frameworks around platforms, personal data, political and commercial speech do shape the use and effectiveness of PMT. We point out that the incorporation of such new factors calls for the sophistication of research designs, which currently rely too much on qualitative methods, and use too little of the data that exists on PMT. And finally, we call for distancing PMT research from the hype surrounding the new PMT capabilities, and the moral panics that quickly develop around its uses. |
| Dobber, T., Helberger, N., Trilling, D., Vreese, C.H. de Internet Policy Review, 2017 (4), 2018. @article{Dobber2018, title = {Two crates of beer and 40 pizzas: the adoption of innovative political behavioural targeting techniques}, author = {Dobber, T. and Trilling, D. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/two-crates-beer-and-40-pizzas-adoption-innovative-political-behavioural-targeting}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-19}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {2017}, number = {4}, abstract = {Political campaigns increasingly use data to (micro)target voters with tailored messages. In doing so, campaigns raise concerns about privacy and the quality of the public discourse. Extending existing research to a European context, we propose and test a model for understanding how different contextual factors hinder or facilitate data-driven capabilities of campaigns. We applied the model during the 2017 national election campaign in the Netherlands. The results show how data-driven targeting techniques are not only useful in a first-past-the-post system, but also in a proportional representation system, which at first sight seems to be less suitable for such techniques.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Political campaigns increasingly use data to (micro)target voters with tailored messages. In doing so, campaigns raise concerns about privacy and the quality of the public discourse. Extending existing research to a European context, we propose and test a model for understanding how different contextual factors hinder or facilitate data-driven capabilities of campaigns. We applied the model during the 2017 national election campaign in the Netherlands. The results show how data-driven targeting techniques are not only useful in a first-past-the-post system, but also in a proportional representation system, which at first sight seems to be less suitable for such techniques. |
| Brkan, M., Castets-Renard, C., Cole, M.D., Dommering, E., Forgo, N., Korff, D., Kosta, E., Ligeti, K., Mariottini, C.M., Metille, S., Mitrou, L., Pollicino, O., Pretschner, A., Robinson, G., Ryngaert, C., Spindler, G., Valcke, P., Van Calster, G., van Eijk, N., Weber, R., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Brief of EU Data Protection and Privacy Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent 2018. @article{Brkan2018, title = {Brief of EU Data Protection and Privacy Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent}, author = {Brkan, M. and Castets-Renard, C. and Cole, M.D. and Dommering, E. and Forgo, N. and Korff, D. and Kosta, E. and Ligeti, K. and Mariottini, C.M. and Metille, S. and Mitrou, L. and Pollicino, O. and Pretschner, A. and Robinson, G. and Ryngaert, C. and Spindler, G. and Valcke, P. and Van Calster, G. and van Eijk, N. and Weber, R. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/amicusbrief_2018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-18}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N., Pierson, J., Poell, T. Governing online platforms: From contested to cooperative responsibility The Information Society, 2017 , 2018. @article{Helberger2018, title = {Governing online platforms: From contested to cooperative responsibility}, author = {Helberger, N. and Pierson, J. and Poell, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/The_Information_Society_2017.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2017.1391913}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-16}, journal = {The Information Society}, volume = {2017}, abstract = {Online platforms, from Facebook to Twitter, and from Coursera to Uber, have become deeply involved in a wide range of public activities, including journalism, civic engagement, education, and transport. As such, they have started to play a vital role in the realization of important public values and policy objectives associated with these activities. Based on insights from theories about risk sharing and the problem of many hands, this article develops a conceptual framework for the governance of the public role of platforms, and elaborates on the concept of cooperative responsibility for the realization of critical public policy objectives in Europe. It argues that the realization of public values in platform-based public activities cannot be adequately achieved by allocating responsibility to one central actor (as is currently common practice), but should be the result of dynamic interaction between platforms, users, and public institutions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Online platforms, from Facebook to Twitter, and from Coursera to Uber, have become deeply involved in a wide range of public activities, including journalism, civic engagement, education, and transport. As such, they have started to play a vital role in the realization of important public values and policy objectives associated with these activities. Based on insights from theories about risk sharing and the problem of many hands, this article develops a conceptual framework for the governance of the public role of platforms, and elaborates on the concept of cooperative responsibility for the realization of critical public policy objectives in Europe. It argues that the realization of public values in platform-based public activities cannot be adequately achieved by allocating responsibility to one central actor (as is currently common practice), but should be the result of dynamic interaction between platforms, users, and public institutions. |
| Kabel, J. Annotatie bij Vzr. Rb. Rotterdam 6 september 2017 (Apnormal / Punch Out Battles) AMI, 2017 (6), pp. 215-216, 2018. @article{Kabel2018, title = {Annotatie bij Vzr. Rb. Rotterdam 6 september 2017 (Apnormal / Punch Out Battles)}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2017_6.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-16}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2017}, number = {6}, pages = {215-216}, abstract = {Bespreking van de verschillen tussen het auteursrechtelijk regime en dat van de komende Verordening Gegevensbescherming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Bespreking van de verschillen tussen het auteursrechtelijk regime en dat van de komende Verordening Gegevensbescherming. |
| Quintais, J. Rethinking Normal Exploitation: Enabling Online Limitations in EU Copyright Law AMI, 2017 (6), pp. 197-205, 2018. @article{Quintais2018, title = {Rethinking Normal Exploitation: Enabling Online Limitations in EU Copyright Law}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2017_6.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-11}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2017}, number = {6}, pages = {197-205}, abstract = {The adoption of limitations to copyright is regulated at international and EU level by the three-step test. The major obstacle to new limitations for online use is a strict interpretation of the test, namely its second step, according to which a limitation shall not conflict with the normal exploitation of works. This article examines the test with a focus on the second step and its application to the digital and crossborder environment. It argues for a flexible and policy-oriented reading of the concept of normal exploitation. Following this approach could enable the introduction of new online limitations in EU law. In particular, within the context of current EU copyright reform, a flexible interpretation could support the introduction of a mandatory and unwaivable limitation for user-generated content. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The adoption of limitations to copyright is regulated at international and EU level by the three-step test. The major obstacle to new limitations for online use is a strict interpretation of the test, namely its second step, according to which a limitation shall not conflict with the normal exploitation of works. This article examines the test with a focus on the second step and its application to the digital and crossborder environment. It argues for a flexible and policy-oriented reading of the concept of normal exploitation. Following this approach could enable the introduction of new online limitations in EU law. In particular, within the context of current EU copyright reform, a flexible interpretation could support the introduction of a mandatory and unwaivable limitation for user-generated content. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 15 oktober 2016 (Perinçek / Zwitserland) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2017 (51), pp. 6854-6557, 2018. @article{Dommering2018, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 15 oktober 2016 (Perin\c{c}ek / Zwitserland) }, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2017_451.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-05}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2017}, number = {51}, pages = {6854-6557}, abstract = {Uitlatingen van een Turkse politicus over de Armeense genocide (waarvan hij het bestaan ontkende) ten onrechte in Zwitserland veroordeeld.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Uitlatingen van een Turkse politicus over de Armeense genocide (waarvan hij het bestaan ontkende) ten onrechte in Zwitserland veroordeeld. |
| van Gompel, S. Copyright, Doctrine and Evidence-Based Reform JIPITEC, 2017 (8), pp. 304-310, 2018. @article{vanGompel2018, title = {Copyright, Doctrine and Evidence-Based Reform}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/JIPITEC_2017.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-05}, journal = {JIPITEC}, volume = {2017}, number = {8}, pages = {304-310}, abstract = {Copyright lawmaking is conventionally embedded in a doctrinal tradition that gives much consideration to coherence and formal consistency with legal-theoretical foundations. This contrasts discernibly with the recent trend to base copyright policies and their elaboration into effective legal norms on empirical evidence. Recognizing that both approaches have their relative strengths and weaknesses, this paper explores how evidence-based policy can be reconciled with the traditional doctrinal approach to copyright lawmaking. It suggests that unproven doctrinal constellations that unnecessarily focus the legislative intention unequally on protecting copyright holders should be removed, but that lawmakers at the same time should also not stare blindly on economic evidence if legitimate claims based on fairness rationales are put forward, which also have to be weighed in as evidence.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Copyright lawmaking is conventionally embedded in a doctrinal tradition that gives much consideration to coherence and formal consistency with legal-theoretical foundations. This contrasts discernibly with the recent trend to base copyright policies and their elaboration into effective legal norms on empirical evidence. Recognizing that both approaches have their relative strengths and weaknesses, this paper explores how evidence-based policy can be reconciled with the traditional doctrinal approach to copyright lawmaking. It suggests that unproven doctrinal constellations that unnecessarily focus the legislative intention unequally on protecting copyright holders should be removed, but that lawmakers at the same time should also not stare blindly on economic evidence if legitimate claims based on fairness rationales are put forward, which also have to be weighed in as evidence. |
| R F Fahy IRIS, 2018 (4), pp. 1–1, 2018, ISSN: 1023-8565. @article{d1363edba19e4264b90d9bc225ae9836, author = {R F Fahy}, issn = {1023-8565}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {IRIS}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {1--1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| R F Fahy IRIS, 2018 (4), pp. 1–1, 2018, ISSN: 1023-8565. @article{d1363edba19e4264b90d9bc225ae9836b, author = {R F Fahy}, issn = {1023-8565}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {IRIS}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {1--1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| R F Fahy IRIS, 2018 (4), pp. 1-1, 2018, ISSN: 1023-8565. @article{d1363edba19e4264b90d9bc225ae9836c, author = {R F Fahy}, issn = {1023-8565}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {IRIS}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {1-1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| R F Fahy IRIS, 2018 (4), pp. 1-1, 2018, ISSN: 1023-8565. @article{d1363edba19e4264b90d9bc225ae9836d, author = {R F Fahy}, issn = {1023-8565}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {IRIS}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, pages = {1-1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Case note: EHRM (nr. 61496/08: Barbulescu / Roemeni 2018, (Page from: 2021 Page to: 2023). @misc{18e1291f86d04e2788afafced06a236ac, title = {Case note: EHRM (nr. 61496/08: Barbulescu / Roemeni}, author = {Dommering, E.}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, number = {15}, publisher = {Wolters Kluwer}, series = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, note = {Page from: 2021 Page to: 2023}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } |
| Bastian, M., Brinkmann, J., Fengler, S., Zappe, A.-C. Die "Flüchtlingskrise": Ethische Herausforderungen für Medien in Europa und Afrika. Migrationsberichterstattung in 11 afrikanischen und europäischen Ländern Körberer, N; Prinzig, M; Schröder, M (Ed.): Migration, Integration, Inklusion. Medienethische Herausforderungen und Potenziale für die digitale Mediengesellschaft., pp. 39-52, In: Körberer, N. and Prinzig, M. and Schröder, M. (eds): Migration, Integration, Inklusion. Medienethische Herausforderungen und Potenziale für die digitale Mediengesellschaft. Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2018. @inbook{Fengler2018, title = {Die "Fl\"{u}chtlingskrise": Ethische Herausforderungen f\"{u}r Medien in Europa und Afrika. Migrationsberichterstattung in 11 afrikanischen und europ\"{a}ischen L\"{a}ndern}, author = {Fengler, S. and Bastian, M. and Brinkmann, J. and Zappe, A.-C. }, editor = {K\"{o}rberer, N. and Prinzig, M. and Schr\"{o}der, M.}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, booktitle = {Migration, Integration, Inklusion. Medienethische Herausforderungen und Potenziale f\"{u}r die digitale Mediengesellschaft.}, pages = {39-52}, publisher = {In: K\"{o}rberer, N. and Prinzig, M. and Schr\"{o}der, M. (eds): Migration, Integration, Inklusion. Medienethische Herausforderungen und Potenziale f\"{u}r die digitale Mediengesellschaft. Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| et al., Alku, M., Barlovac, B., Bastian, M., Fengler, S., Kreutler, M. Journalism, 5 , 2018. @article{Fengler2018b, title = {The Ukraine Conflict and the European Media: A Comparative Study of Newspapers in 13 European countries}, author = {Fengler, S. and Kreutler, M. and Alku, M. and Barlovac, B. and Bastian, M. and et al.}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918774311}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Journalism}, volume = {5}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 8 november 2016 (Bizottság / Hongarije) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2017 (49/50), pp. 6574-6576, 2017. @article{Dommering2017i, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 8 november 2016 (Bizotts\'{a}g / Hongarije)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2017_431.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-19}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2017}, number = {49/50}, pages = {6574-6576}, abstract = {Het EHRM erkent onder voorwaarden dat er een recht op openbaarheid van bestuur uit artikel 10 is af te leiden.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het EHRM erkent onder voorwaarden dat er een recht op openbaarheid van bestuur uit artikel 10 is af te leiden. |
| Bastian, M., Brinkmann, J., Eberwein, T., Fengler, S. Germany: Disregarded Diversity Eberwein, T; Fengler, S; Karmasin, M (Ed.): In: Eberwein, T. and Fengler, S. and Karmasin, M. (eds): The European Handbook of Media Accountability. Routledge, New York, 2017. @inbook{Fengler2017, title = {Germany: Disregarded Diversity}, author = {Fengler, S. and Bastian, M. and Brinkmann, J. and Eberwein, T. }, editor = {Eberwein, T. and Fengler, S. and Karmasin, M.}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-12}, publisher = {In: Eberwein, T. and Fengler, S. and Karmasin, M. (eds): The European Handbook of Media Accountability. Routledge}, address = {New York}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| McGonagle, T. “Fake news”: False fears or real concerns? Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 35 (4), pp. 203-209, 2017. @article{McGonagle2017h, title = {“Fake news”: False fears or real concerns?}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0924051917738685}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0924051917738685}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-05}, journal = {Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, pages = {203-209}, abstract = {‘‘Fake news’’ has become a much-used and much-hyped term in the so-called ‘‘post-truth’’ era that we now live in. It is also much-maligned: it is often blamed for having a disruptive impact on the outcomes of elections and referenda and for skewing democratic public debate, with the 2016 US Presidential elections and Brexit referendum often cited as examples. ‘‘Fake news’’ has also been flagged for fuelling propaganda and ‘‘hate speech’’ and even violence. ‘‘Pizzagate’’ is an infamous example of exceptional circumstances in which a false news story had a central role in a shooting incident. In December 2016, a man in Washington D.C. took it upon himself to ‘‘self-investigate’’ a story (a completely unfounded conspiracy theory) that the Hillary Clinton campaign team was running a paedophile ring from the premises of a pizzeria. Shots were fired and he was arrested and charged with assault and related offences. Given all this bad press, it is perhaps little wonder that ‘‘fake news’’ has become a major preoccupation for international organisations, national law- and policy-makers, the media and media actors, civil society and academia. But what exactly is ‘‘fake news’’ and what is all the fuss about? In addressing these questions, this column will also consider historical and contemporary perspectives on the term and its relationship with human rights.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ‘‘Fake news’’ has become a much-used and much-hyped term in the so-called ‘‘post-truth’’ era that we now live in. It is also much-maligned: it is often blamed for having a disruptive impact on the outcomes of elections and referenda and for skewing democratic public debate, with the 2016 US Presidential elections and Brexit referendum often cited as examples. ‘‘Fake news’’ has also been flagged for fuelling propaganda and ‘‘hate speech’’ and even violence. ‘‘Pizzagate’’ is an infamous example of exceptional circumstances in which a false news story had a central role in a shooting incident. In December 2016, a man in Washington D.C. took it upon himself to ‘‘self-investigate’’ a story (a completely unfounded conspiracy theory) that the Hillary Clinton campaign team was running a paedophile ring from the premises of a pizzeria. Shots were fired and he was arrested and charged with assault and related offences. Given all this bad press, it is perhaps little wonder that ‘‘fake news’’ has become a major preoccupation for international organisations, national law- and policy-makers, the media and media actors, civil society and academia. But what exactly is ‘‘fake news’’ and what is all the fuss about? In addressing these questions, this column will also consider historical and contemporary perspectives on the term and its relationship with human rights. |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 15 juni 2017 (Independent Newspapers (Ireland) Limited / Ierland) European Human Right Cases, 2017 (213), 2017. @article{McGonagle2017g, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 15 juni 2017 (Independent Newspapers (Ireland) Limited / Ierland)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2017_12.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-04}, journal = {European Human Right Cases}, volume = {2017}, number = {213}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. Conference Report of The International Media Law, Policy & Practice Conference 2017 2017. @techreport{Coche2017, title = {Conference Report of The International Media Law, Policy & Practice Conference 2017}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IMLPP_2017_Conference_report.pdf }, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-28}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Online prijsdiscriminatie en de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming pp. 55-62, 2017, (Hoofdstuk in: Big Data. Honderd jaar Juridische Faculteitsvereniging Grotius / N.P. van der Elst (ed.), 2017). @inbook{Borgesius2017f, title = {Online prijsdiscriminatie en de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Prijsdiscriminatie.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-28}, pages = {55-62}, note = {Hoofdstuk in: Big Data. Honderd jaar Juridische Faculteitsvereniging Grotius / N.P. van der Elst (ed.), 2017}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Dommering, E. 2017, (Verschenen in: On Friendship/(Collateral Damage II)- The Guardians at the Door / L. Bouws and J. Semah (red.), Amsterdam: Stichting Metropool Internationale Kunstprojecten / Studio Metis MaKOM 2017, p. 89-97.). @inbook{Dommering2017h, title = {Luther, Reuchlin en Joseph Semah. Het proces in het Vaticaan tegen Johannes Reuchlin over het verbranden van joodse geschriften}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Luther-en-Semah.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-28}, note = {Verschenen in: On Friendship/(Collateral Damage II)- The Guardians at the Door / L. Bouws and J. Semah (red.), Amsterdam: Stichting Metropool Internationale Kunstprojecten / Studio Metis MaKOM 2017, p. 89-97.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Dommering, E., Voorhoof, D. Mediaforum, 2017 (5), pp. 177-179, 2017. @article{Voorhoof2017, title = {Boekbespreking van Egbert Dommering, Het verschil van mening. Geschiedenis van een verkeerd begrepen idee.}, author = {Voorhoof, D. and Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2017_5.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-28}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2017}, number = {5}, pages = {177-179}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. AMI, 2017 (4), pp. 177-181, 2017. @article{Hugenholtz2017b, title = {Het einde van de Auteurswet nadert. Veertig jaar harmonisatie van het auteursrecht in Europa (1977-2017)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2017_4.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-23}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2017}, number = {4}, pages = {177-181}, abstract = {De geschiedenis van de harmonisatie van het auteursrecht valt samen met die van dit tijdschrift. Dit artikel is opgedragen aan J.H. (Jaap) Spoor, die als AMI-redactielid van het eerste uur veertig jaar harmonisatie onverschrokken aan zich voorbij zag gaan. Veertig jaar geleden, in de rubriek ‘internationaal nieuws’ van het allereerste nummer van Auteursrecht, werd bericht dat de Europese Commissie onderzoek had laten doen naar de verschillen tussen de nationale auteurswetten in de Europese Gemeenschap. Het door dr. A. Dietz van het Max Planck Instituut in M\"{u}nchen in het Duits geschreven rapport was sinds kort ‘als xerografische, in twee delen geniete uitgave verkrijgbaar bij de Europese Commissie’. Dit was het begin van de harmonisatie van het auteursrecht in Europa, die in de decennia daarna diepe sporen zou trekken door het Nederlandse recht \textendash sporen die slechts ten dele zichtbaar zijn in de huidige bewoordingen van de Nederlandse Auteurswet.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De geschiedenis van de harmonisatie van het auteursrecht valt samen met die van dit tijdschrift. Dit artikel is opgedragen aan J.H. (Jaap) Spoor, die als AMI-redactielid van het eerste uur veertig jaar harmonisatie onverschrokken aan zich voorbij zag gaan. Veertig jaar geleden, in de rubriek ‘internationaal nieuws’ van het allereerste nummer van Auteursrecht, werd bericht dat de Europese Commissie onderzoek had laten doen naar de verschillen tussen de nationale auteurswetten in de Europese Gemeenschap. Het door dr. A. Dietz van het Max Planck Instituut in München in het Duits geschreven rapport was sinds kort ‘als xerografische, in twee delen geniete uitgave verkrijgbaar bij de Europese Commissie’. Dit was het begin van de harmonisatie van het auteursrecht in Europa, die in de decennia daarna diepe sporen zou trekken door het Nederlandse recht – sporen die slechts ten dele zichtbaar zijn in de huidige bewoordingen van de Nederlandse Auteurswet. |
| Schroff, S. Who owns the broadcasting archives? Unravelling copyright ownership of broadcast content deLex, 2017, ISBN: 9789086920624. @book{Schroff2017c, title = {Who owns the broadcasting archives? Unravelling copyright ownership of broadcast content}, author = {Schroff, S.}, url = {http://www.delex.nl/shop/boeken/who-owns-the-broadcasting-archives-unravelling-copyright-ownership-of-broadcast-content}, isbn = {9789086920624}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-17}, volume = {2017}, publisher = {deLex}, abstract = {Archives across the Netherlands are tasked to make their archives accessible online. However, progress has been slow, not least because it is difficult to determine who owns the rights to make works available online. Focusing on the Dutch public service radio and TV broadcasting sectors, this book addresses this challenge. First, it disentangles the nature of broadcasts by providing guidance on which aspects of a TV or radio broadcast can attract protection and who owns these. Secondly, it empirically establishes that the default ownership rules can only provide an incomplete picture of the rights ownership in the public service broadcasting sector: the ownership is more concentrated than copyright and neighbouring rights law suggests. Who owns the broadcasting archives? shows how different legal scenarios can explain this rights concentration and establishes their likely practical influence on industry practice in the public service broadcasting sector across time.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Archives across the Netherlands are tasked to make their archives accessible online. However, progress has been slow, not least because it is difficult to determine who owns the rights to make works available online. Focusing on the Dutch public service radio and TV broadcasting sectors, this book addresses this challenge. First, it disentangles the nature of broadcasts by providing guidance on which aspects of a TV or radio broadcast can attract protection and who owns these. Secondly, it empirically establishes that the default ownership rules can only provide an incomplete picture of the rights ownership in the public service broadcasting sector: the ownership is more concentrated than copyright and neighbouring rights law suggests. Who owns the broadcasting archives? shows how different legal scenarios can explain this rights concentration and establishes their likely practical influence on industry practice in the public service broadcasting sector across time. |
| Dommering, E. De Hoge Raad en Mein Kampf: Over een veranderde maar ongewisse koers 2017, (In: Verandering van Koers, H.A. Groen c.s. red., Uitgeverij Datawyse 2017, ISBN 9789462957404, p. 13-20.). @article{Dommering2017b, title = {De Hoge Raad en Mein Kampf: Over een veranderde maar ongewisse koers}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/De-Hoge-Raad-en-Mein-Kampf.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-16}, note = {In: Verandering van Koers, H.A. Groen c.s. red., Uitgeverij Datawyse 2017, ISBN 9789462957404, p. 13-20.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 19 oktober 2016 (Breyer, C-2016/779) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2017 (392), pp. 6020-6021, 2017. @article{Dommering2017b, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 19 oktober 2016 (Breyer, C-2016/779)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2017_392.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-14}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2017}, number = {392}, pages = {6020-6021}, abstract = {Is een 'dynamisch' IP adres een persoonsgegeven? Verzoek om een prejudici\"{e}le beslissing ingediend door het Bundesgerichtshof (hoogste federale rechter in burgerlijke en strafzaken, Duitsland) bij beslissing van 28 oktober 2014. Verwerking van persoonsgegevens. Begrip, persoonsgegevens’. Internetprotocoladressen. Bewaring door een aanbieder van onlinemediadiensten. Nationale regeling volgens welke geen rekening kan worden gehouden met het gerechtvaardigde belang van de voor de verwerking verantwoordelijke persoon.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Is een 'dynamisch' IP adres een persoonsgegeven? Verzoek om een prejudiciële beslissing ingediend door het Bundesgerichtshof (hoogste federale rechter in burgerlijke en strafzaken, Duitsland) bij beslissing van 28 oktober 2014. Verwerking van persoonsgegevens. Begrip, persoonsgegevens’. Internetprotocoladressen. Bewaring door een aanbieder van onlinemediadiensten. Nationale regeling volgens welke geen rekening kan worden gehouden met het gerechtvaardigde belang van de voor de verwerking verantwoordelijke persoon. |
| Yakovleva, S. World Trade Review, 2018 , pp. 477-508, 2017. @article{Yakovleva2017b, title = {Should Fundamental Rights to Privacy and Data Protection be a Part of the EU's International Trade "Deals"?}, author = {Yakovleva, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/WTR_2018.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474745617000453}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-09}, journal = {World Trade Review}, volume = {2018}, pages = {477-508}, abstract = {This article discusses ways in which the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and post-GATS free trade agreements may limit the EU's ability to regulate privacy and personal data protection as fundamental rights. After discussing this issue in two dimensions \textendash the vertical relationship between trade and national and European Union (EU) law, and the horizontal relationship between trade and human rights law \textendash the author concludes that these limits are real and pose serious risks. Inspired by recent developments in safeguarding labour, and environmental standards and sustainable development, the article argues that privacy and personal data protection should be part of, and protected by, international trade deals made by the EU. The EU should negotiate future international trade agreements with the objective of allowing them to reflect the normative foundations of privacy and personal data protection. This article suggests a specific way to achieve this objective.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article discusses ways in which the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and post-GATS free trade agreements may limit the EU's ability to regulate privacy and personal data protection as fundamental rights. After discussing this issue in two dimensions – the vertical relationship between trade and national and European Union (EU) law, and the horizontal relationship between trade and human rights law – the author concludes that these limits are real and pose serious risks. Inspired by recent developments in safeguarding labour, and environmental standards and sustainable development, the article argues that privacy and personal data protection should be part of, and protected by, international trade deals made by the EU. The EU should negotiate future international trade agreements with the objective of allowing them to reflect the normative foundations of privacy and personal data protection. This article suggests a specific way to achieve this objective. |
| Eskens, S., Helberger, N., Möller, J. Challenged by news personalisation: five perspectives on the right to receive information Journal of Media Law, 9 (2), pp. 259-284, 2017. @article{Eskens2017, title = {Challenged by news personalisation: five perspectives on the right to receive information}, author = {Eskens, S. and Helberger, N. and M\"{o}ller, J.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17577632.2017.1387353}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-07}, journal = {Journal of Media Law}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {259-284}, abstract = {This research asks what the right to receive information means for personalised news consumers and the obligations this rights imposes on states. We develop a framework to understand the right to receive information, starting from case law of the European Court of Human Rights. On this basis, we identify five perspectives on the right to receive information: political debate, truth finding, social cohesion, avoidance of censorship and self-development. We evaluate how these five perspectives inform a legal and policy analysis of news personalisation. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This research asks what the right to receive information means for personalised news consumers and the obligations this rights imposes on states. We develop a framework to understand the right to receive information, starting from case law of the European Court of Human Rights. On this basis, we identify five perspectives on the right to receive information: political debate, truth finding, social cohesion, avoidance of censorship and self-development. We evaluate how these five perspectives inform a legal and policy analysis of news personalisation. |
| Arnbak, A. Het Financieele Dagblad, 2017 , 2017. @article{Arnbak2017b, title = {Referendum 'sleepnetwet' voorbode digitale perikelen Rutte III: D66 zal achterban herhaaldelijk moeten teleurstellen rond digitale dossiers}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2017/11/02/41e-fd-column-referendum-sleepwet-voorbode-digitale-perikelen-rutte-iii/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-02}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2017}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Schroff, S. Who owns the broadcasting archives? Unravelling copyright ownership of broadcast content deLex, 2017, ISBN: 978-90-86920-62-4. @book{Schroff2017c, title = {Who owns the broadcasting archives? Unravelling copyright ownership of broadcast content }, author = {Schroff, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/who-owns-the-broadcasting-archives-final-2/}, isbn = {978-90-86920-62-4}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-11-01}, publisher = {deLex}, abstract = {Archives across the Netherlands are tasked to make their archives accessible online. However, progress has been slow, not least because it is difficult to determine who owns the rights to make works available online. Focusing on the Dutch public service radio and TV broadcasting sectors, this book addresses this challenge. First, it disentangles the nature of broadcasts by providing guidance on which aspects of a TV or radio broadcast can attract protection and who owns these. Secondly, it empirically establishes that the default ownership rules can only provide an incomplete picture of the rights ownership in the public service broadcasting sector: the ownership is more concentrated than copyright and neighbouring rights law suggests. Who owns the broadcasting archives? shows how different legal scenarios can explain this rights concentration and establishes their likely practical influence on industry practice in the public service broadcasting sector across time.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Archives across the Netherlands are tasked to make their archives accessible online. However, progress has been slow, not least because it is difficult to determine who owns the rights to make works available online. Focusing on the Dutch public service radio and TV broadcasting sectors, this book addresses this challenge. First, it disentangles the nature of broadcasts by providing guidance on which aspects of a TV or radio broadcast can attract protection and who owns these. Secondly, it empirically establishes that the default ownership rules can only provide an incomplete picture of the rights ownership in the public service broadcasting sector: the ownership is more concentrated than copyright and neighbouring rights law suggests. Who owns the broadcasting archives? shows how different legal scenarios can explain this rights concentration and establishes their likely practical influence on industry practice in the public service broadcasting sector across time. |
| Bartl, M., Irion, K. The Japan EU Economic Partnership Agreement: Flows of Personal Data to the Land of the Rising Sun Online, 2017. @misc{Bartl2017, title = {The Japan EU Economic Partnership Agreement: Flows of Personal Data to the Land of the Rising Sun}, author = {Bartl, M. and Irion, K.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Transfer-of-personal-data-to-the-land-of-the-rising-sun-FINAL.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-25}, abstract = {At the EU-Japan Summit in July this year the European Union (EU) and Japan have achieved a political agreement in principle on the content of the Japan EU Economic Partnership Agreement. For Japan including data flows in the trade deal with the EU has been an important political goal besides mutual recognition of their privacy laws. The EU is currently not favorably disposed to allow data flows provisions into trade deals. Building a ‘state of the art’ digital economy between Japan and the EU is certainly possible in conformity with their data privacy laws and the classical trade law disciplines. Our brief unpacks how flows of personal data will governed in the relationship between Japan and the EU. As a point of departure we look at the extent to which the prospective trade deal between the two economies would already cover data flows, including personal data. Next, we will take a look at the prospects for a regulatory handshake between Japan and EU providing for mutual recognition of data privacy and flows of personal data. The brief concludes with findings and recommendations on the future directions of Japan EU Economic Partnership Agreement.}, howpublished = {Online}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } At the EU-Japan Summit in July this year the European Union (EU) and Japan have achieved a political agreement in principle on the content of the Japan EU Economic Partnership Agreement. For Japan including data flows in the trade deal with the EU has been an important political goal besides mutual recognition of their privacy laws. The EU is currently not favorably disposed to allow data flows provisions into trade deals. Building a ‘state of the art’ digital economy between Japan and the EU is certainly possible in conformity with their data privacy laws and the classical trade law disciplines. Our brief unpacks how flows of personal data will governed in the relationship between Japan and the EU. As a point of departure we look at the extent to which the prospective trade deal between the two economies would already cover data flows, including personal data. Next, we will take a look at the prospects for a regulatory handshake between Japan and EU providing for mutual recognition of data privacy and flows of personal data. The brief concludes with findings and recommendations on the future directions of Japan EU Economic Partnership Agreement. |
| van Eijk, N. About finding practical solutions (without the GDPR) European Data Protection Law Review, 2017 (3), pp. 310-312, 2017, (Foreword.). @article{vanEijk2017b, title = {About finding practical solutions (without the GDPR)}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/edpl_2017_03_foreword.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2017/3/5}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-19}, journal = {European Data Protection Law Review}, volume = {2017}, number = {3}, pages = {310-312}, note = {Foreword.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hoofnagle, C.J., Kannekens, E., van Eijk, N. Unfair Commercial Practices: A Complementary Approach to Privacy Protection European Data Protection Law Review, 2017 (3), pp. 325-337, 2017. @article{vanEijk2017b, title = {Unfair Commercial Practices: A Complementary Approach to Privacy Protection}, author = {van Eijk, N. and Hoofnagle, C.J. and Kannekens, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/edpl_2017_03.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2017/3/7}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-19}, journal = {European Data Protection Law Review}, volume = {2017}, number = {3}, pages = {325-337}, abstract = {Millions of European internet users access online platforms where their personal data is being collected, processed, analysed or sold. The existence of some of the largest online platforms is entirely based on data driven business models. In the European Union, the protection of personal data is considered a fundamental right. Under Article 8(3) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, compliance with data protection rules should be subject to control by an independent authority. In the EU, enforcement of privacy rules almost solely takes place by the national data protection authorities. They typically apply sector-specific rules, based on the EU Data Protection Directive. In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is the primary enforcer of consumers’ (online) privacy interests. The agency’s competence is not based on the protection of fundamental rights, but on the basis that maintenance of a competitive, fair marketplace will provide the right choices for consumers to take. In this Article the US legal framework will be discussed and compared to the EU legal framework, which forms our finding that in the EU rules on unfair commercial practices could be enforced in a similar manner to protect people’s privacy. In the EU, the many frictions concerning the market/consumer-oriented use of personal data form a good reason to actually deal with these frictions in a market/consumer legal framework.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Millions of European internet users access online platforms where their personal data is being collected, processed, analysed or sold. The existence of some of the largest online platforms is entirely based on data driven business models. In the European Union, the protection of personal data is considered a fundamental right. Under Article 8(3) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, compliance with data protection rules should be subject to control by an independent authority. In the EU, enforcement of privacy rules almost solely takes place by the national data protection authorities. They typically apply sector-specific rules, based on the EU Data Protection Directive. In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission is the primary enforcer of consumers’ (online) privacy interests. The agency’s competence is not based on the protection of fundamental rights, but on the basis that maintenance of a competitive, fair marketplace will provide the right choices for consumers to take. In this Article the US legal framework will be discussed and compared to the EU legal framework, which forms our finding that in the EU rules on unfair commercial practices could be enforced in a similar manner to protect people’s privacy. In the EU, the many frictions concerning the market/consumer-oriented use of personal data form a good reason to actually deal with these frictions in a market/consumer legal framework. |
| Boerman, S.C., Helberger, N., Kruikemeier, S., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Tracking walls, take-it-or-leave-it choices, the GDPR, and the ePrivacy regulation European Data Protection Law Review, 2017 (3), pp. 353-368, 2017. @article{Borgesius2017b, title = {Tracking walls, take-it-or-leave-it choices, the GDPR, and the ePrivacy regulation}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Kruikemeier, S. and Boerman, S.C. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EDPL_2017_03.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2017/3/9}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-19}, journal = {European Data Protection Law Review}, volume = {2017}, number = {3}, pages = {353-368}, abstract = {On the internet, we encounter take-it-or-leave-it choices regarding our privacy on a daily basis. In Europe, online tracking for targeted advertising generally requires the internet users’ consent to be lawful. Some websites use a tracking wall, a barrier that visitors can only pass if they consent to tracking by third parties. When confronted with such a tracking wall, many people click ‘I agree’ to tracking. A survey that we conducted shows that most people find tracking walls unfair and unacceptable. We analyse under which conditions the ePrivacy Directive and the General Data Protection Regulation allow tracking walls. We provide a list of circumstances to assess when a tracking wall makes consent invalid. We also explore how the EU lawmaker could regulate tracking walls, for instance in the ePrivacy Regulation. It should be seriously considered to ban tracking walls, at least in certain circumstances.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On the internet, we encounter take-it-or-leave-it choices regarding our privacy on a daily basis. In Europe, online tracking for targeted advertising generally requires the internet users’ consent to be lawful. Some websites use a tracking wall, a barrier that visitors can only pass if they consent to tracking by third parties. When confronted with such a tracking wall, many people click ‘I agree’ to tracking. A survey that we conducted shows that most people find tracking walls unfair and unacceptable. We analyse under which conditions the ePrivacy Directive and the General Data Protection Regulation allow tracking walls. We provide a list of circumstances to assess when a tracking wall makes consent invalid. We also explore how the EU lawmaker could regulate tracking walls, for instance in the ePrivacy Regulation. It should be seriously considered to ban tracking walls, at least in certain circumstances. |
| Irion, K., Ledger, M., Svensson, S. 2017. @misc{Irion2017d, title = {The independence and functioning of the regulatory authority for electronic media in Serbia, Study commissioned by the Council of Europe, Amsterdam/Brussels/Budapest/Belgrade, 2017.}, author = {Irion, K. and Ledger, M. and Svensson, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/rem-report-indiregmethodology-nov17-final-3/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-16}, abstract = {This study carries out an independent assessment of the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Media (REM) of Serbia. The scope of the study is to apply the INDIREG methodology to the REM and provide contextual interpretation of the results with policy recommendations. This study has been commissioned by the Council of Europe, on the request of REM, in the framework of the Project “Reinforcing Judicial Expertise on Freedom of Expression and the Media in South-East Europe (JUFREX)”. REM, seated in Belgrade, is caught and operates in a challenging context: media markets in Serbia are highly saturated and government grants are awarded to selective private media. There is low upfront compliance with programme and advertisements rules as well as an overall squeeze on quality content and the accountability function of the media. Lacking the optimal support of the parliament and being sidelined by the Ministry on Culture and Information can damage the effective functioning of the independent regulator. REM in this situation appears to retreat to overly formalistic (law-abiding) activities without necessarily being effective in regulating the Serbian electronic and audiovisual media. Many stakeholders from the media sector do not perceive of REM as an authority pointing to a lack of enforcement or the deflection of responsibility which has undermined its public credibility. The study concludes with a set of recommendation how to address these challenges.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } This study carries out an independent assessment of the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Media (REM) of Serbia. The scope of the study is to apply the INDIREG methodology to the REM and provide contextual interpretation of the results with policy recommendations. This study has been commissioned by the Council of Europe, on the request of REM, in the framework of the Project “Reinforcing Judicial Expertise on Freedom of Expression and the Media in South-East Europe (JUFREX)”. REM, seated in Belgrade, is caught and operates in a challenging context: media markets in Serbia are highly saturated and government grants are awarded to selective private media. There is low upfront compliance with programme and advertisements rules as well as an overall squeeze on quality content and the accountability function of the media. Lacking the optimal support of the parliament and being sidelined by the Ministry on Culture and Information can damage the effective functioning of the independent regulator. REM in this situation appears to retreat to overly formalistic (law-abiding) activities without necessarily being effective in regulating the Serbian electronic and audiovisual media. Many stakeholders from the media sector do not perceive of REM as an authority pointing to a lack of enforcement or the deflection of responsibility which has undermined its public credibility. The study concludes with a set of recommendation how to address these challenges. |
| van Gompel, S. The proposed publishers' right in press publications: an evidential mistake 2017, (Proceedings of the conference 'Better regulation for copyright: academics meet policy makers', Brussels: University of Southampton & The Greems/EFA in the European Parliament, 6 September 2017, p. 11-16.). @article{vanGompel2017b, title = {The proposed publishers' right in press publications: an evidential mistake}, author = {van Gompel, S. }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Publishers-right_SvG.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-12}, note = {Proceedings of the conference 'Better regulation for copyright: academics meet policy makers', Brussels: University of Southampton & The Greems/EFA in the European Parliament, 6 September 2017, p. 11-16.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie 1 maart 2017 (ITV / TVCatchup II) AMI, 2017 (3), pp. 135-137, 2017. @article{Gompel2017, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie 1 maart 2017 (ITV / TVCatchup II)}, author = {van Gompel, S. }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2017_3.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-10}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2017}, number = {3}, pages = {135-137}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Schaik, R. van, van Gompel, S. Report of the Netherlands for ALAI 2017 Study Days (Copenhagen) 2017, (ALAI Congress 2017 in Copenhagen, Copyright, to be or not to be). @techreport{Gompel2017b, title = {Report of the Netherlands for ALAI 2017 Study Days (Copenhagen)}, author = {van Gompel, S. and Schaik, R. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ReportoftheNetherlands_ALAI_2017.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-10}, note = {ALAI Congress 2017 in Copenhagen, Copyright, to be or not to be}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| van Gompel, S. Over wetgeving, implementatie en beleid - Kroniek van het auteursrecht in Nederland 2010-2016 Auteurs & Media, 2016 (3), pp. 250-258, 2017. @article{vanGompel2017b, title = {Over wetgeving, implementatie en beleid - Kroniek van het auteursrecht in Nederland 2010-2016}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AuteursMedia_2016_3.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-10}, journal = {Auteurs & Media}, volume = {2016}, number = {3}, pages = {250-258}, abstract = {Het is alweer zes jaar geleden dat de laatste kroniek over het Nederlands auteursrecht in Auteurs & Media is gepubliceerd(1). Hoog tijd dus om de draad op te pakken en de stok van mijn illustere voorganger over te nemen. Deze kroniek bespreekt de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen op het gebied van auteursrechtwetgeving en -beleid in Nederland in de afgelopen zes jaren, waaronder de introductie van het auteurscontractenrecht, de afschaffing van geschriftenbescherming, de versterking van het toezicht op collectieve beheersorganisaties en de implementatie van de Richtlijnen 2012/28/EU (verweesde werken) en 2011/77/EU (verlenging beschermingsduur naburige rechten). Door deze nieuwe wetgeving is de Nederlandse Auteurswet (Aw) en Wet op de naburige rechten (Wnr) op diverse plaatsen aangepast. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het is alweer zes jaar geleden dat de laatste kroniek over het Nederlands auteursrecht in Auteurs & Media is gepubliceerd(1). Hoog tijd dus om de draad op te pakken en de stok van mijn illustere voorganger over te nemen. Deze kroniek bespreekt de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen op het gebied van auteursrechtwetgeving en -beleid in Nederland in de afgelopen zes jaren, waaronder de introductie van het auteurscontractenrecht, de afschaffing van geschriftenbescherming, de versterking van het toezicht op collectieve beheersorganisaties en de implementatie van de Richtlijnen 2012/28/EU (verweesde werken) en 2011/77/EU (verlenging beschermingsduur naburige rechten). Door deze nieuwe wetgeving is de Nederlandse Auteurswet (Aw) en Wet op de naburige rechten (Wnr) op diverse plaatsen aangepast. |
| Quintais, J., Rendas, T. AG Szpunar on VCAST: Copyright and the Cloud 2017, (Kluwer Copyright Blog). @online{Quintais2017b, title = {AG Szpunar on VCAST: Copyright and the Cloud}, author = {Quintais, J. and Rendas, T.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2017/10/09/ag-szpunar-vcast-copyright-cloud/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-09}, abstract = {On 7 September 2017, AG Szpunar delivered his opinion on Case C-265/16, VCAST. The case concerns the question of whether the private copying exception covers the services of an online platform that allows users to store copies of free-to-air TV programmes in private cloud storage spaces. AG Szpunar’s proposed answer was a mixed one: while cloud copying, in general, should be considered covered by the exception, the specific service offered by VCAST should not.}, note = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } On 7 September 2017, AG Szpunar delivered his opinion on Case C-265/16, VCAST. The case concerns the question of whether the private copying exception covers the services of an online platform that allows users to store copies of free-to-air TV programmes in private cloud storage spaces. AG Szpunar’s proposed answer was a mixed one: while cloud copying, in general, should be considered covered by the exception, the specific service offered by VCAST should not. |
| Yakovleva, S. 2017 , 2017. @article{Yakovleva2017, title = {Literature review on the use of licensing in library context, and the limitations this creates to access to knowledge}, author = {Yakovleva, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/limits_of_licensing_literature_review.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-06}, volume = {2017}, publisher = {IFLA}, abstract = {The dual purpose of this literature review is, first, to identify and summarise limitations that result from the use of copyright licences in a library context, and, second, to illustrate these limitations with specific examples available in both the academic and grey literature. The licences discussed in the reviewed literature deal essentially with access to, and use of, digital content.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The dual purpose of this literature review is, first, to identify and summarise limitations that result from the use of copyright licences in a library context, and, second, to illustrate these limitations with specific examples available in both the academic and grey literature. The licences discussed in the reviewed literature deal essentially with access to, and use of, digital content. |
| Helberger, N., Reyna, A., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. The perfect match? A closer look at the relationship between EU consumer law and data protection law Common Market Law Review, 2017 (5), pp. 1427-1466, 2017. @article{Helberger2017b, title = {The perfect match? A closer look at the relationship between EU consumer law and data protection law}, author = {Helberger, N. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Reyna, A. }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CMLR_2017_5.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-06}, journal = {Common Market Law Review}, volume = {2017}, number = {5}, pages = {1427-1466}, abstract = {In modern markets, many companies offer so-called “free” services and monetize consumer data they collect through those services. This paper argues that consumer law and data protection law can usefully complement each other. Data protection law can also inform the interpretation of consumer law. Using consumer rights, consumers should be able to challenge excessive collection of their personal data. Consumer organizations have used consumer law to tackle data protection infringements. The interplay of data protection law and consumer protection law provides exciting opportunities for a more integrated vision on “data consumer law”.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In modern markets, many companies offer so-called “free” services and monetize consumer data they collect through those services. This paper argues that consumer law and data protection law can usefully complement each other. Data protection law can also inform the interpretation of consumer law. Using consumer rights, consumers should be able to challenge excessive collection of their personal data. Consumer organizations have used consumer law to tackle data protection infringements. The interplay of data protection law and consumer protection law provides exciting opportunities for a more integrated vision on “data consumer law”. |
| Arnbak, A. Het Financieele Dagblad, 2017 , 2017. @article{Arnbak2017b, title = {Ziekenhuizen en energiebedrijven gaan wellicht boeten voor beveiligingsfouten: Nieuwe IT-wet bedoeld om 'potenti\"{e}le maatschappelijke ontwrichting' te voorkomen}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2017/10/05/40e-fd-column-ziekenhuizen-en-energiebedrijven-gaan-wellicht-boeten-voor-beveiligingsfouten/}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-05}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2017}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Irion, K., Thompson, M., van Hoboken, J., Yakovleva, S. A Roadmap to Enhancing User Control via Privacy Dashboards 2017, (Amsterdam / Hong Kong: IViR, 2017.). @techreport{Irion2017b, title = {A Roadmap to Enhancing User Control via Privacy Dashboards}, author = {Irion, K. and Yakovleva, S. and van Hoboken, J. and Thompson, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PrivacyBridgesUserControls2017.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-26}, abstract = {This report presents and draws on multidisciplinary insights into what characterises effective user control over the collection and use of personal data. User controls arise from the interplay of a number of conditions. These are partly technical but also connected to different aspects of user behaviour, the intricacies of design, as well as the internal and external incentives in privacy governance that exist today. Our review of the state of research underscores that devising effective user controls require close collaboration between different disciplines, clear regulatory guidance and scientifically-backed assessments. }, note = {Amsterdam / Hong Kong: IViR, 2017.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This report presents and draws on multidisciplinary insights into what characterises effective user control over the collection and use of personal data. User controls arise from the interplay of a number of conditions. These are partly technical but also connected to different aspects of user behaviour, the intricacies of design, as well as the internal and external incentives in privacy governance that exist today. Our review of the state of research underscores that devising effective user controls require close collaboration between different disciplines, clear regulatory guidance and scientifically-backed assessments. |
| Bas, P. de, Ende, M. van der, Haffner, R., Poort, J., Rohlfs, S., Til, H. van, Yagafarova, A. Estimating displacement rates of copyrighted content in the EU Ecorys 2017, ISBN: 978-92-79-35136-5. @techreport{Ecorys&Poort-Displacement, title = {Estimating displacement rates of copyrighted content in the EU}, author = {Ende, M. van der and Poort, J. and Haffner, R. and Bas, P. de and Yagafarova, A. and Rohlfs, S. and Til, H. van }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/2015-Estimating-displacement-rates-of-copyrighted-content-in-the-EU-2.pdf}, doi = {10.2780/26736}, isbn = {978-92-79-35136-5}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-22}, institution = {Ecorys}, abstract = {The extent to which digital consumption of pirated materials displaces legitimate purchases is of fundamental importance for EU copyright policy design. The European Commission has commissioned Ecorys to carry out a study on the relation between online copyright infringement (digital piracy) and sales of copyrighted content. This study adds to the existing literature in at least three ways. Firstly, it compares piracy rates in multiple EU Member States calculated according to the same methodology. This makes it possible to compare results between countries. Secondly, displacement rates are estimated in the presence of an important recent phenomenon, i.e. the widespread availability of a wide variety of services for downloading or streaming content. Thirdly, the study includes minors to assess the extent of piracy among this group.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The extent to which digital consumption of pirated materials displaces legitimate purchases is of fundamental importance for EU copyright policy design. The European Commission has commissioned Ecorys to carry out a study on the relation between online copyright infringement (digital piracy) and sales of copyrighted content. This study adds to the existing literature in at least three ways. Firstly, it compares piracy rates in multiple EU Member States calculated according to the same methodology. This makes it possible to compare results between countries. Secondly, displacement rates are estimated in the presence of an important recent phenomenon, i.e. the widespread availability of a wide variety of services for downloading or streaming content. Thirdly, the study includes minors to assess the extent of piracy among this group. |
| Kostić, B., Vargas Penagos, E. The freely given consent and the "bundling" provision under the GDPR Computerrecht, 2017 (4), pp. 217-222, 2017. @article{Kosti\'{c}2017, title = {The freely given consent and the "bundling" provision under the GDPR}, author = {Kosti\'{c}, B. and Vargas Penagos, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Computerrecht_2017_4.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-15}, journal = {Computerrecht}, volume = {2017}, number = {4}, pages = {217-222}, abstract = {Under European data protection law, consent of the data subject is one of the six grounds for lawful processing of personal data. It is such an important ground that lawmakers considered it necessary to provide a legal definition of consent. One of the conditions under this definition is that it needs to be “freely given.” The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 3 has further expanded on this concept in Article 7(4). It refers to a situation under which consent might not be considered “freely given.” If consent is invalid because it is not freely given, the processing is usually unlawful. Consequently, a legal basis for processing is missing. Therefore, this is an important provision. Yet the wording of this new provision is vague and its scope is unclear. Thus, the question arises as to how Article 7(4) should be applied. In this paper, the authors tease out the assessment criteria for the application of this provision on the basis of its text, structure and history. These criteria will then be applied to hypothetical cases in the final section. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Under European data protection law, consent of the data subject is one of the six grounds for lawful processing of personal data. It is such an important ground that lawmakers considered it necessary to provide a legal definition of consent. One of the conditions under this definition is that it needs to be “freely given.” The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 3 has further expanded on this concept in Article 7(4). It refers to a situation under which consent might not be considered “freely given.” If consent is invalid because it is not freely given, the processing is usually unlawful. Consequently, a legal basis for processing is missing. Therefore, this is an important provision. Yet the wording of this new provision is vague and its scope is unclear. Thus, the question arises as to how Article 7(4) should be applied. In this paper, the authors tease out the assessment criteria for the application of this provision on the basis of its text, structure and history. These criteria will then be applied to hypothetical cases in the final section. |
| van Eijk, N. Standards for Independent Oversight: The European Perspective Bulk Collection: Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data, Chapter 20, pp. 381-393, 2017, (In: Bulk Collection: Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data, ed. F.H. Cate & J.X. Dempsey, Oxford University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9780190685515.). @inbook{vanEijk2017b, title = {Standards for Independent Oversight: The European Perspective}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Standards_for_Independent_Oversight.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-14}, booktitle = {Bulk Collection: Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data}, pages = {381-393}, chapter = {20}, abstract = {There are many ways to approach the question of government access to private-sector data. Much of the recent public debate has focused on access in the context of national security and traditional law enforcement, with respect to both targeted and untargeted access to data collected and processed by third parties. As more and more data is collected and stored by the private sector (“big data”), the amount of data that can be retrieved by governments is steadily increasing. A new “third domain” has emerged, where data is used for social security and tax surveillance and other types of non- traditional law enforcement. The Digital Rights Ireland case is the point of departure of this chapter. Next, two recent judgments by national courts are described, in which national data retention rules were tested against the ruling in the Digital Rights Ireland case and the necessity of independent oversight was discussed in further detail. This chapter draws from a recent study by the Institute for Information Law (IViR) to formulate standards for independent oversight. These standards are based on a broader analysis of the relevant jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice\textemdash including the Digital Rights Ireland case\textemdash and of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The analysis is also based on selected studies, reports, resolutions, and recommendations.}, note = {In: Bulk Collection: Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data, ed. F.H. Cate & J.X. Dempsey, Oxford University Press, 2017, ISBN: 9780190685515.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } There are many ways to approach the question of government access to private-sector data. Much of the recent public debate has focused on access in the context of national security and traditional law enforcement, with respect to both targeted and untargeted access to data collected and processed by third parties. As more and more data is collected and stored by the private sector (“big data”), the amount of data that can be retrieved by governments is steadily increasing. A new “third domain” has emerged, where data is used for social security and tax surveillance and other types of non- traditional law enforcement. The Digital Rights Ireland case is the point of departure of this chapter. Next, two recent judgments by national courts are described, in which national data retention rules were tested against the ruling in the Digital Rights Ireland case and the necessity of independent oversight was discussed in further detail. This chapter draws from a recent study by the Institute for Information Law (IViR) to formulate standards for independent oversight. These standards are based on a broader analysis of the relevant jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice— including the Digital Rights Ireland case— and of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The analysis is also based on selected studies, reports, resolutions, and recommendations. |
| Apa, E., Bassini, M., Bruna, A., Cabrera Blázquez, F., Cunningham, I., Etteldorf, C., Fahy, R., Goldberg, D., Granchet, A., Klimkiewicz, B., Richter, A., Rozendaal, M. Media coverage of elections: the legal framework in Europe 2017, (IRIS Special, 2017-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, ISBN: 9789287184870). @techreport{Fahy2017b, title = {Media coverage of elections: the legal framework in Europe}, author = {Fahy, R. and Apa, E. and Bassini, M. and Bruna, A. and Cabrera Bl\'{a}zquez, F. and Cunningham, I. and Etteldorf, C. and Goldberg, D. and Granchet, A. and Klimkiewicz, B. and Richter, A. and Rozendaal, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IRIS_Special_2017_1.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-14}, note = {IRIS Special, 2017-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, ISBN: 9789287184870}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Breemen, J., Breemen, V. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2017 (144), pp. 8427-8429, 2017. @article{Breemen2017b, title = {Kroniek Mediarecht}, author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_144.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-08}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2017}, number = {144}, pages = {8427-8429}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Breemen, J., Breemen, V. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2017 (143), pp. 8358-8361, 2017. @article{Breemen2017b, title = {Kroniek Mediarecht}, author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_143.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-08}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2017}, number = {143}, pages = {8358-8361}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2017 (144), pp. 8429-8430, 2017. @article{vanEijk2017b, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N. and }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_144-1.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-08}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2017}, number = {144}, pages = {8429-8430}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2017 (143), pp. 8361-8362, 2017. @article{vanEijk2017b, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_143-1.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-08}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2017}, number = {143}, pages = {8361-8362}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A. Het Financieele Dagblad, 2017 , pp. 11, 2017. @article{Arnbak2017b, title = {Digitale anonimiteit is ook bij gebruik van de bitcoin een gevaarlijke illusie: Subtielere consequentie van cryptogeld is versterking machtsconcentratie internetgiganten}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/FD_07sep2017.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-09-07}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2017}, pages = {11}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R. Annotatie bij Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens 21 februari 2017 (Dosamantes / Spanje) European Human Right Cases, 2017 (7), 2017. @article{Fahy2017b, title = {Annotatie bij Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens 21 februari 2017 (Dosamantes / Spanje)}, author = {Fahy, R.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EHRC_2017_7.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-24}, journal = {European Human Right Cases}, volume = {2017}, number = {7}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R. The Chilling Effect of Liability for Online Reader Comments European Human Rights Law Review, 2017 (4), pp. 387-393, 2017. @article{Fahy2017b, title = {The Chilling Effect of Liability for Online Reader Comments}, author = {Fahy, R.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EHRLR_2017_4.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-24}, journal = {European Human Rights Law Review}, volume = {2017}, number = {4}, pages = {387-393}, abstract = {This article assesses how the European Court of Human Rights has responded to the argument that holding online news media liable for reader comments has a chilling effect on freedom of expression. The article demonstrates how the Court first responded by dismissing the argument, and focused on the apparent lack of evidence for any such chilling effect. The article then argues that the Court has moved away from its initial rejection, and now accepts that a potential chilling effect, even without evidence, is integral to deciding whether online news media should be liable for reader comments. Finally, the article argues that this latter view is consistent with the Court’s precedent in other areas of freedom of expression law where a similar chilling effect may also arise.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article assesses how the European Court of Human Rights has responded to the argument that holding online news media liable for reader comments has a chilling effect on freedom of expression. The article demonstrates how the Court first responded by dismissing the argument, and focused on the apparent lack of evidence for any such chilling effect. The article then argues that the Court has moved away from its initial rejection, and now accepts that a potential chilling effect, even without evidence, is integral to deciding whether online news media should be liable for reader comments. Finally, the article argues that this latter view is consistent with the Court’s precedent in other areas of freedom of expression law where a similar chilling effect may also arise. |
| Sax, M. Book Review: The Crisis of Presence in Contemporary Culture European Data Protection Law Review, 3 (2), pp. 293-296, 2017. @article{Sax2017, title = {Book Review: The Crisis of Presence in Contemporary Culture}, author = {Sax, M.}, url = {https://edpl.lexxion.eu/article/EDPL/2017/2/27}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2017/2/27}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-08-01}, journal = {European Data Protection Law Review}, volume = {3}, number = {2}, pages = {293-296}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Online Price Discrimination and EU Data Privacy Law Journal of Consumer Policy, 2017 , 2017. @article{Borgesius2017b, title = {Online Price Discrimination and EU Data Privacy Law}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/JCP_2017.pdf}, doi = {DOI 10.1007/s10603-017-9354-z}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-25}, journal = {Journal of Consumer Policy}, volume = {2017}, abstract = {Online shops could offer each website customer a different price. Such personalized pricing can lead to advanced forms of price discrimination based on individual characteristics of consumers, which may be provided, obtained, or assumed. An online shop can recognize customers, for instance through cookies, and categorize them as price-sensitive or price-insensitive. Subsequently, it can charge (presumed) price-insensitive people higher prices. This paper explores personalized pricing from a legal and an economic perspective. From an economic perspective, there are valid arguments in favour of price discrimination, but its effect on total consumer welfare is ambiguous. Irrespectively, many people regard personalized pricing as unfair or manipulative. The paper analyses how this dislike of personalized pricing may be linked to economic analysis and to other norms or values. Next, the paper examines whether European data protection law applies to personalized pricing. Data protection law applies if personal data are processed, and this paper argues that that is generally the case when prices are personalized. Data protection law requires companies to be transparent about the purpose of personal data processing, which implies that they must inform customers if they personalize prices. Subsequently, consumers have to give consent. If enforced, data protection law could thereby play a significant role in mitigating any adverse effects of personalized pricing. It could help to unearth how prevalent personalized pricing is and how people respond to transparency about it. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Online shops could offer each website customer a different price. Such personalized pricing can lead to advanced forms of price discrimination based on individual characteristics of consumers, which may be provided, obtained, or assumed. An online shop can recognize customers, for instance through cookies, and categorize them as price-sensitive or price-insensitive. Subsequently, it can charge (presumed) price-insensitive people higher prices. This paper explores personalized pricing from a legal and an economic perspective. From an economic perspective, there are valid arguments in favour of price discrimination, but its effect on total consumer welfare is ambiguous. Irrespectively, many people regard personalized pricing as unfair or manipulative. The paper analyses how this dislike of personalized pricing may be linked to economic analysis and to other norms or values. Next, the paper examines whether European data protection law applies to personalized pricing. Data protection law applies if personal data are processed, and this paper argues that that is generally the case when prices are personalized. Data protection law requires companies to be transparent about the purpose of personal data processing, which implies that they must inform customers if they personalize prices. Subsequently, consumers have to give consent. If enforced, data protection law could thereby play a significant role in mitigating any adverse effects of personalized pricing. It could help to unearth how prevalent personalized pricing is and how people respond to transparency about it. |
| Arnbak, A., Staden ten Brink, R. van, Veldhoen, D., Wang, J. China's new cybersecurity law - effective as of 1 June 2017 Trade Security Journal, 2017 (2), pp. 27-29, 2017. @article{tenBrink2017, title = {China's new cybersecurity law - effective as of 1 June 2017}, author = {Staden ten Brink, R. van and Wang, J. and Veldhoen, D. and Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TSJ_2017_2.pdf}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-07-21}, journal = {Trade Security Journal}, volume = {2017}, number = {2}, pages = {27-29}, abstract = {While China’s new cybersecurity law may appear vague, cumbersome and lacking clarity, one thing is clear and that is that international companies with any operations and/or activities in China should quickly assess if and how they are covered by the new legislation. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } While China’s new cybersecurity law may appear vague, cumbersome and lacking clarity, one thing is clear and that is that international companies with any operations and/or activitie |