@article{nokey,

title = {The platformisation of digital payments: The fabrication of consumer interest in the EU FinTech agenda},

author = {Ferrari, V.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/computerlawsecurityreview_2022/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105687},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-19},

journal = { Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {45},

abstract = {This paper investigates, through a qualitative analysis of official documents, how certain imaginaries about technology filter into EU policymaking, allowing or accelerating the transformation of payment infrastructures into the platform economy.



One of the ways in which socio-technical imaginaries filter into policymaking is, it turns out, by informing an image of the consumer which serves to justify measures for the realization of a desired future. In particular, the documents offer a view of the consumer as an actor that is empowered by digitisation. The thesis of this paper is that this view of the consumer is partial: the rhetoric of consumer technological empowerment outweighs and conceals much needed considerations about the vulnerability of consumers vis-a-vis data-intensive payment technologies. Ultimately, the fault lies with the future imaginaries upon which such image is grounded. The vision of the digital payment infrastructure portrayed in the documents is in fact problematic for two reasons. First, the technologies that are portraited as desirable are chosen based on industry interests and trends rather than considerations of benefits and risks that these technologies entail. Secondly, the assumption that a liberalized market will offer more and better choices is flawed, as platformisation entails risks of monopolization and abuses of market power. We suggest that policymakers in this domain should be more critical of the risks entailed by platformisation, and open their imagination to alternative technological futures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Maintaining trust in a technologized public sector},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Janssen, H.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puac019},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-19},

journal = {Policy and Society},

abstract = {Emerging technologies permeate and potentially disrupt a wide spectrum of our social, economic, and political relations. Various state institutions, including education, law enforcement, and healthcare, increasingly rely on technical components, such as automated decision-making systems, e-government systems, and other digital tools to provide cheap, efficient public services, and supposedly fair, transparent, disinterested, and accountable public administration. The increased interest in various blockchain-based solutions from central bank digital currencies, via tokenized educational credentials, and distributed ledger-based land registries to self-sovereign identities is the latest, still mostly unwritten chapter in a long history of standardized, objectified, automated, technocratic, and technologized public administration. The rapid, (often) unplanned, and uncontrolled technologization of public services (as happened in the hasty adoption of distance-learning and teleconferencing systems during Corona Virus Disease (COVID) lockdowns) raises complex questions about the use of novel technological components, which may or may not be ultimately adequate for the task for which they are used. The question whether we can trust the technical infrastructures the public sector uses when providing public services is a central concern in an age where trust in government is declining: If the government’s artificial intelligence system that detects welfare fraud fails, the public’s confidence in the government is ultimately hit. In this paper, we provide a critical assessment of how the use of potentially untrustworthy (private) technological systems including blockchain-based systems in the public sector may affect trust in government. We then propose several policy options to protect the trust in government even if some of their technological components prove fundamentally untrustworthy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinion of the European Copyright Society on selected aspects of the proposed Data Act},

author = {Derclaye E. and van Eechoud, M. and Husovec, M. and Senftleben, M.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/05/16/opinion-of-the-european-copyright-society-on-selected-aspects-of-the-proposed-data-act/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-16},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Between Filters and Fundamental Rights: How the Court of Justice saved Article 17 in C-401/19 - Poland v. Parliament and Council},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/filters-poland/?s=09},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-16},

journal = {Verfassungsblog},

abstract = {On 26 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU or Court) delivered its much awaited judgement in Case C-401/19 \textendash Poland v Parliament and Council. The case focuses on the validity of Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (CDSMD) in light of fundamental rights. The judgment marks the climax of a turbulent journey in the area of copyright law, with potential implications for the future of platform regulation and content moderation in EU law.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@workingpaper{nokey,

title = {Groundhog Day in Geneva: The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty is on the Agenda Once Again},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/the-wipo-broadcasting-treaty-revisited/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-06},

note = {Draft paper prepared for American University International Law Review Symposium on the Right

to Research in International Copyright Law, April 22, 2022},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workingpaper}

}

@misc{nokey,

title = {Video recording of the COMMUNIA Salon on the CJEU decision on Article 17 (Case C-401/19)},

author = {Keller, P. and Reda, F. and Quintais, J. and Giorello, M.},

url = {https://www.communia-association.org/2022/05/04/video-recording-of-the-communia-salon-on-the-cjeu-decision-on-article-17/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-04},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework \textendash Part II},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/25/ai-music-outputs-challenges-to-the-copyright-legal-framework-part-ii/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Article 17 survives, but freedom of expression safeguards are key: C-401/19 \textendash Poland v Parliament and Council},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/26/article-17-survives-but-freedom-of-expression-safeguards-are-key-c-401-19-poland-v-parliament-and-council/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-02},

urldate = {2022-05-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {CJEU upholds Article 17, but not in the form (most) Member States imagined},

author = {Reda, F. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/28/cjeu-upholds-article-17-but-not-in-the-form-most-member-states-imagined/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-28},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework \textendash Part I},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and Gervais, D.J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/22/ai-music-outputs-challenges-to-the-copyright-legal-framework-part-i/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-22},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 8 september 2020 (Recorded Artists Actors Performers / Phonographic Performance (Ireland))},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_126/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-19},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {126},

issue = {15},

pages = {2384-2386},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Senftleben2021,

title = {Ensuring the Visibility and Accessibility of European Creative Content on the World Market: The Need for Copyright Data Improvement in the Light of New Technologies},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Margoni, T. and Antal, D. and Bod\'{o}, B. and van Gompel, S. and Handke, C.W. and Kretschmer, M. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S.},

url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-13-1-2022/5515

https://www.ivir.nl/jipitec_2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-12},

urldate = {2021-03-23},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

pages = {67-86},

abstract = {In the European Strategy for Data, the European Commission highlighted the EU’s ambition to acquire a leading role in the data economy. At the same time, the Commission conceded that the EU would have to increase its pools of quality data available for use and re-use. In the creative industries, this need for enhanced data quality and interoperability is particularly strong. Without data improvement, unprecedented opportunities for monetising the wide variety of EU creative and making this content available for new technologies, such as artificial intelligence training systems, will most probably be lost. The problem has a worldwide dimension. While the US have already taken steps to provide an integrated data space for music as of 1 January 2021, the EU is facing major obstacles not only in the field of music but also in other creative industry sectors. Weighing costs and benefits, there can be little doubt that new data improvement initiatives and sufficient investment in a better copyright data infrastructure should play a central role in EU copyright policy. A trade-off between data harmonisation and interoperability on the one hand, and transparency and accountability of content recommender systems on the other, could pave the way for successful new initiatives.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Robustness Check: Evaluating and Strengthening Artistic Use Defences in EU Trademark Law},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01182-x},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-12},

urldate = {2022-04-12},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {53},

number = {4},

pages = {567-603},

abstract = {The 2015 EU trademark law reform introduced a peculiar rule for reconciling trademark rights with freedom of artistic expression. According to Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD, artistic use can be deemed fair as long as the artist ensures compliance with “honest practices in industrial and commercial matters”. The honest practices proviso forges a link with the provisions on limitations of trademark rights. Article 14(1) EUTMR and Art. 14(1) TMD exempt from the control of trademark proprietors several types of use that can allow for artistic use. All these limitations, however, apply only when the use satisfies the test of honest practices. Confirming the obligation to comply with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters, the fairness rule of Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD turns out to be a double-edged sword. Instead of readily immunizing artistic use against trademark claims, it obliges artists to rely on limitations of trademark rights and furnish corresponding proof. Moreover, artists are expected to align their artistic activity with behavioural standards in the field of industry and commerce \textendash a realm that is alien to the artistic community. Evidently, this approach endangers artistic autonomy. To avoid detrimental effects on artistic expression, it is advisable to strengthen the position of artists and develop a legal solution that resembles the measures taken in Art. 9(3)(f) EUTMR and Art. 10(3)(f) TMD with regard to freedom of commercial expression. Drawing inspiration from cultural sciences and case law on both sides of the Atlantic, the analysis explores avenues for achieving this goal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {De CoronaMelder door een economische lens},

author = {Poort, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/tpedigitaal_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-08},

journal = {TPEdigitaal},

volume = {16},

issue = {2},

pages = {48-60},

abstract = {In oktober 2020 lanceerde Nederland de CoronaMelder-app voor geautomatiseerd onderzoek naar blootstelling aan het Covid-19 virus. Een tentatieve analyse van de maatschappelijke kosten en baten van de app suggereert dat de baten in evenwicht zijn met de kosten, zelfs als alleen wordt gekeken naar de bespaarde levensjaren door het voorkomen van sterfgevallen. Het percentage van de positieve tests dat door de app teweeg wordt gebracht, is de sleutel tot de positieve bijdrage ervan aan de maatschappelijke welvaart. Dit percentage is aanzienlijk lager voor de app dan voor handmatig contactonderzoek door de GGD, wat erop wijst dat de app effici\"{e}nt kan zijn als aanvulling op handmatig contactonderzoek, maar niet als vervanging daarvan.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Knock Knock Who's There? Tussenpersonen, persoonsgegevens en de kunst van het juiste evenwicht},

author = {Alberdingk Thijm, Chr. A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/aa_2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-08},

journal = {Ars Aequi},

issue = {april},

pages = {279-288},

abstract = {Wat te doen als je op Twitter door een anoniem profiel voor rotte vis wordt uitgemaakt? Het Nederlandse recht biedt verschillende mogelijkheden om identificerende gegevens te verkrijgen van internettussenpersonen. Maar hoe wordt de afweging met de bescherming van de persoonsgegevens van de anonymus gemaakt? Hoe verhoudt het recht op een doeltreffende voorziening in rechte zich tot het gegevensbeschermingsrecht? Het Hof van Justitie schrijft voor dat bij botsende

fundamentele rechten het ‘juiste evenwicht’ moet worden gevonden. Dat blijkt de Nederlandse rechter nog niet zo eenvoudig te vinden, zo wordt duidelijk bij de bespreking van het Dutch FilmWorks-arrest in dit artikel.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J. and Poort, J.},

url = {https://zenodo.org/record/6405796#.Yk62cchBy5e

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4072806},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-07},

urldate = {2022-04-07},

abstract = {This report examines the application of EU copyright and related rights law to outputs generated by or with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, tools or techniques (AI outputs), with a focus on outputs in the musical domain. The Report examines the question: How can and should EU copyright and related rights law protect AI musical outputs? The interdisciplinary (legal and empirical) research involves: (i) analyzing of the protection of AI outputs under EU copyright and related rights law; (ii) examining the attribution of authorship and ownership to (natural and legal) persons involved in the creation or production of AI outputs; (iii) proposing interpretative guidelines and policy recommendations on increasing legal certainty regarding the protection, authorship, and ownership of copyright and related rights over AI outputs, especially music outputs.},

note = {reCreating Europe report},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash first trimester of 2022},

author = {Quintais, J. and Trapova, A.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/06/eu-copyright-law-round-up-first-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-07},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rucz2022b,

title = {Contribution to the public consultation on the European Media Freedom Act},

author = {Rucz, M. and Irion, K. and Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/position-paper-european-media-freedom-act-consultation-2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

abstract = {The announcement of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) has provided an important impulse for the development of new legal rules seeking to safeguard and support a free and pluralistic media environment in the European Union (EU). As indicated by Commissioners Vv{e}ra Jourov  and Thierry Breton, the initiative is set to address a wide range of persisting challenges faced by European media outlets, including political and economic pressures, unjustified interference with editorial independence, failing business models supporting journalism and issues surrounding media pluralism. Considering the broad spectrum of concerns and the centrality of a pluralist media environment for the health of democracies, the European Commission’s commitment to the EMFA is commendable and urgent. With this submission, we would like to take the opportunity to respond to the European Commission’s public consultation on the EMFA.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@conference{Irion2022,

title = {The General Data Protection Regulation though the lens of digital sovereignty},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/irion-gdpr-and-digital-sovereignty-11mar22/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

booktitle = {EU CYBER DIRECT RESEARCH SEMINAR},

abstract = {This short contribution will present and discuss the European Union’s (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through the lens of ‘digital sovereignty. When high-ranking representatives of EU institutions endorsed digital sovereignty this has been interpreted as a signpost for a new-found assertiveness in EU digital policy. However, digital sovereignty is conceptually fuzzy and is used to animate a wide spectrum of geopolitical, normative, and industrial ambitions. In the context of the GDPR it makes sense to operationalize digital sovereignty as the ability of rules to assert authority in a global and interdependent digital ecosystem. Conceived this way, I will reflect on how the GDPR wields transnational capacity by design in the form of safeguards against inbound and outbound circumvention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@misc{nokey,

title = {Online prijsdiscriminatie: heeft iedereen zijn prijs?},

author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/prijsdiscriminatie-aac/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-17},

note = {presentatie Amsterdamse Academische Club},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@article{Quintais2021e,

title = {The Interplay between the Digital Services Act and Sector Regulation: How Special is Copyright?},

author = {Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ejrr_2022/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2022.1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-14},

urldate = {2021-05-10},

journal = {European Journal of Risk Regulation},

pages = {1-31},

abstract = {On 15 December 2020, the European Commission published its proposal for a Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). It carries out a regulatory overhaul of the 21-year- old horizontal rules on intermediary liability in the Directive and introduces new due diligence obligations for intermediary services.



Our analysis illuminates an important point that has so far received little attention: how would the Digital Services Act’s rules interact with existing sector-specific lex specialis rules? In this paper, we look specifically at the intersection of the Digital Services Act with the regime for online content sharing service providers (OCSSPs) set forth in art. 17 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive). At first glance, these regimes do not appear to overlap as the rules on copyright are lex specialis to the Digital Services Act. A closer look shows a more complex and nuanced picture. Our analysis concludes that the DSA will apply to OCSSPs insofar as it contains rules that regulate matters not covered by art. 17 CDSM Directive, as well as specific rules on matters where art. 17 leaves margin of discretion to Member States. This includes, to varying degrees, rules in the DSA relating to the liability of intermediary providers and to due diligence obligations for online platforms of different sizes. Importantly, we consider that such rules apply even where art. 17 CDSM Directive contains specific (but less precise) regulation on the matter.



From a normative perspective, this might be a desirable outcome, to the extent that the DSA aims to establish “uniform rules for a safe, predictable and trusted online environment, where fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter are effectively protected”. Based on our analysis, we suggest a number of clarifications that might be help achieve that goal. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {European Copyright Society \textendash Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal},

author = {Peukert, A. and Husovec, M. and Kretschmer, M. and Mezei, P. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/iic_2022/},

doi = {10.1007/s40319-022-01154-1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-14},

urldate = {2022-03-14},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {53},

issue = {3},

pages = {358-376},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Contribution to the public consultation on the Guidelines 05/2021 on the Interplay between the application of Article 3 and the provisions on international transfers as per Chapter V of the GDPR},

author = {Yakovleva, S. and Drechsler, L.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/public_consultation_edpb_transfers_v8/

https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2021/guidelines-052021-interplay-between-application_en},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A vanishing right? The Sui Generis Database Right and the proposed Data Act},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/03/04/a-vanishing-right-the-sui-generis-database-right-and-the-proposed-data-act/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-10},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Web harvesting: auteursrechtelijke implicaties en oplossingsrichtingen},

author = {van Gompel, S. and Schumacher, L.D. and Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/auteursrecht_2022_1/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-03},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {1},

pages = {3-14},

abstract = {‘Web harvesting’ is het proces waarbij een web crawler \textendash een gespecialiseerd computerprogramma \textendash wordt ingezet om websites en internetpagina’s op geautomatiseerde wijze te verzamelen en toe te voegen aan een webarchief. Nederlandse erfgoedinstellingen gebruiken deze techniek bijvoorbeeld om websites aan hun collecties toe te voegen die op het Nederlandse publiek zijn gericht (‘nationale domeincrawl’). Web harvesting kan ook beperkt zijn tot specifiek geselecteerde websites die met een bepaald onderwerp of gebeurtenis samenhangen (‘beredeneerde selectie’). In Nederland gebeurt web harvesting thans enkel nog op kleine schaal. Web crawling gaat namelijk gepaard met talloze reproductiehandelingen, waarvoor vanuit auteursrechtelijk perspectief toestemming kan zijn vereist. Voor het herhaaldelijk en systematisch harvesten van grote hoeveelheden materiaal op het web is het verkrijgen van individuele toestemming een schier onmogelijke taak. Daarnaast willen erfgoedinstellingen het geharveste materiaal ook op een of andere manier ontsluiten om het gebruik voor algemene zin \textendash toegang tot het digitale culturele erfgoed te bieden. Dit artikel onderzoekt tegen deze achtergrond, mede aan de hand van een rechtsvergelijking met het buitenland, welke oplossingsrichtingen er binnen het huidige auteursrechtelijke kader bestaan om web harvesting-activiteiten door erfgoedinstellingen op grotere schaal mogelijk te maken. Dit is nodig om gaten in de archivering van het online Nederlands erfgoed te voorkomen en het digitale culturele erfgoed voor het nageslacht te bewaren en beschikbaar te stellen. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 22 juni 2021 Frank Peterson / Google \& YouTube (C 682/18) \& Elsevier / Cyando AG (C 683/18)},

author = {Quintais, J. and Angelopoulos, C.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_auteursrecht_2022_1/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-03},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {46-51},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Rechtbank Midden-Nederland 22 december 2021 (VVZBI/KVK)},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_auteursrecht_2022_71/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-03},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {1},

pages = {71-72},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Data na de dood: Zwevend tussen contract en gegevensbescherming},

author = {van Eechoud, M. and Schumacher, L.D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NJB_2022_355.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-14},

journal = {Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB)},

number = {355},

issue = {6},

pages = {396-405},

abstract = {Mensen zijn zich nog weinig bewust van wat de implicaties van overlijden zijn voor het digitale bezit dat ze nalaten, terwijl iedereen hier steeds meer van heeft. Opvattingen verschillen over de mate waarin erfgenamen toegang moeten krijgen; er is nog weinig bekend over (veranderende) maatschappelijke opvattingen daarover. Omdat digitale communicatie geregeerd wordt door standaardovereenkomsten met aanbieders van informatiediensten, wordt ook de positie van erfgenamen daar primair door bepaald. Tegelijkertijd hebben veel aanbieders nog geen doordacht ‘overlijdensbeleid’ en daarbij passende voorwaarden en tools. Het lijkt tijd dat de (Europese) wetgever daar wat aan gaat veranderen. Om op kortere termijn te zorgen voor meer rechtszekerheid, zou de Nederlandse wetgever in ieder geval enkele specifieke plichten en rechten uit de AVG van toepassing kunnen verklaren op de persoonsgegevens van overleden gebruikers van informatiediensten.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {The Algorithmic Learning Deficit: Artificial Intelligence, Data Protection and Trade},

author = {Yakovleva, S. and van Hoboken, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/the-algorithmic-learning-deficit.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919234.014},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-10},

urldate = {2022-02-10},

booktitle = {Big Data and Global Trade Law, Mira Burri (ed.) Cambridge University Press, 2021},

pages = {212-230},

chapter = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {DJs are Phonogram Producers, says Dutch Supreme Court},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/31/djs-are-phonogram-producers-says-dutch-supreme-court/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-31},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors: An interdisciplinary exploration},

author = {Fahy, R. and Dobber, T. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Shires, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/MaastrichtJournalofEuropeanandComparativeLaw_2021_6.pdf},

doi = {10.1177/1023263X211042471},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-25},

urldate = {2021-12-31},

journal = {Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law},

pages = {856-877},

abstract = {This article discusses a problem that has received scant attention in literature: microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors. Microtargeting involves collecting information about people, and using that information to show them targeted political advertisements. Such microtargeting enables advertisers to target ads to specific groups of people, for instance people who visit certain websites, forums, or Facebook groups. This article focuses on one type of microtargeting: microtargeting by foreign actors. For example, Russia has targeted certain groups in the US with ads, aiming to sow discord. Foreign actors could also try to influence European elections, for instance by advertising in favour of a certain political party. Foreign propaganda possibilities existed before microtargeting. This article explores two questions. In what ways, if any, is microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors different from other foreign propaganda? What could lawmakers in Europe do to mitigate the risks of microtargeted propaganda?},

note = {MJ, vol. 28, nr. 6, 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Irion2021e,

title = {European audiovisual media policy in the age of global video on demand services: A case study of Netflix in the Netherlands},

author = {Idiz, D. R and Irion, K. and Ebbers, J. and Vliegenthart, R.},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00070_1https://www.ivir.nl/idiz-irion-vliegenhard-ebbers-2021-jdmp-2/},

doi = {10.1386/jdmp_00070_1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-25},

urldate = {2022-01-25},

journal = {Journal of Digital Media \& Policy},

volume = {12},

number = {3},

pages = {425-449},

abstract = {This article considers the provisions in the European Union’s revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive concerning video on demand (VOD) services and the effectiveness of supply-side cultural diversity regulations in achieving their purported policy goals of increased production and consumption of European works. Because the Netherlands is the ‘country of origin’ to several multinational VOD services, including Netflix, we conducted a case study of this specific national context. We examine the quota for and prominence of European works, as well as different forms of financial obligations. We find that the former two policy tools may require new strategies to effectively reach their objectives in a nonlinear context. Our evidence also indicates that the latter remains controversial in the domestic audiovisual industry, as stakeholder positions are dependent on the type(s) of production stimulated. Based on this, we argue that securing the independence of producers and ensuring VOD services are transparent with respect to performance data are essential to promoting source diversity and a sustainable value chain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Article 17, the year in review (2021 edition)},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/24/article-17-the-year-in-review-2021-edition/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-24},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {European Copyright Society (ECS): Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal},

author = {Peukert, A. and Husovec, M. and Kretschmer, M. and Mezei, P. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/18/european-copyright-society-ecs-comment-on-copyright-and-the-digital-services-act-proposal/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-18},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Lockdowns zijn niet meer te rechtvaardigen},

author = {Baarsma, B. and Broek-Altenburg, E. van den and Berg, G. van den and Dommering, E. and Teulings, C.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/nrc_14jan2022.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-14},

journal = {NRC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Naar een coronabeleid zonder lockdowns},

author = {Baarsma, B. and Broek-Altenburg, E. van den and Berg, G. van den and Dommering, E. and Teulings, C.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ESB_13jan2022.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-13},

journal = {ESB},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {No Trademark Protection for Artworks in the Public Domain \textendash A Practical Guide to the Application of Public Order and Morality as Grounds for Refusal},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://academic.oup.com/grurint/article/71/1/3/6349172

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/grurint_2022_1.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikab107},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-11},

journal = {GRUR International},

volume = {71},

number = {1},

pages = {3-17},

abstract = {With its 2017 landmark decision in Vigeland, the Court of Justice of the European Free Trade Association States (EFTA Court) has paved the way for the invocation of public order and morality as grounds for refusal when trademark protection is sought for cultural expressions in the public domain. Dealing with an attempt to register artworks of the famous Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland as trademarks, the EFTA Court took this step to safeguard the public domain status of literary and artistic works after the expiry of copyright, shield cultural creations against ‘commercial greed’ and ensure the freedom of the arts.1 Trademark examiners and judges seeking to follow in the footsteps of the EFTA Court, however, may find it difficult to operationalize the Vigeland criteria and put corresponding arguments for refusal into practice. Against this background, the following analysis provides guidelines for the practical application of public order and morality arguments in cultural heritage cases. It describes problems arising from the grant of trademark rights in cultural public domain material (Section I) and the traditional reluctance of trademark offices and courts to rely on public order and morality considerations in this context (Section II). After this statement of the problem, the criteria following from the Vigeland decision will be introduced (Section III) before we explore the practical implementation of the EFTA Court’s morality (Section IV) and public order (Section V) arguments in more detail. The final Section VI summarizes the results of the analysis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The rise of NFTs: These aren't the droids you're looking for},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Giannopoulou, A. and Quintais, J. and Mezei, P.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4000423},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-04},

journal = {European Intellectual Property Review},

abstract = {Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are hailed as revolutionary tools that will empower artists and revolutionize copyright management and remuneration. This article explores their copyright relevance, and it describes how copyright might apply in relation to NFT creation and trading. In doing so, it provides an overview of the ecosystem of actors built around NFTs, and it analyzes the role of these actors according to the European copyright normative framework.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash fourth trimester of 2021},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/12/27/eu-copyright-law-round-up-fourth-trimester-of-2021/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-27},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Choice Architectures in the Digital Economy: Towards a New Understanding of Digital Vulnerability},

author = {Helberger, N. and Sax, M. and Strycharz, J. and Micklitz, H.-W.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10603-021-09500-5},

doi = {10.1007/s10603-021-09500-5},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-22},

journal = {Journal of Consumer Policy},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Social Welfare, Risk Profiling and Fundamental Rights: The Case of SyRI in the Netherlands},

author = {Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/jipitec_2021_4.pdf

https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-4-2021/5407},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-16},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {12},

number = {4},

pages = {257-271},

abstract = {This article discusses the use of automated decisioning-making (ADM) systems by public administrative bodies, particularly systems designed to combat social-welfare fraud, from a European fundamental rights law perspective. The article begins by outlining the emerging fundamental rights issues in relation to ADM systems used by public administrative bodies. Building upon this, the article critically analyses a recent landmark judgment from the Netherlands and uses this as a case study for discussion of the application of fundamental rights law to ADM systems by public authorities more generally. In the so-called SyRI judgment, the District Court of The Hague held that a controversial automated welfare-fraud detection system (SyRI), which allows the linking and analysing of data from an array of government agencies to generate fraud-risk reports on people, violated the right to private life, guaranteed under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The Court held that SyRI was insufficiently transparent, and contained insufficient safeguards, to protect the right to privacy, in violation of Article 8 ECHR. This was one of the first times an ADM system being used by welfare authorities has been halted on the basis of Article 8 ECHR. The article critically analyses the SyRI judgment from a fundamental rights perspective, including by examining how the Court brought principles contained in the General Data Protection Regulation within the rubric of Article 8 ECHR as well as the importance the Court attaches to the principle of transparency under Article 8 ECHR. Finally, the article discusses how the Dutch government responded to the judgment. and discusses proposed new legislation, which is arguably more invasive, with the article concluding with some lessons that can be drawn for the broader policy and legal debate on ADM systems used by public authorities. implications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {YouTube Copyright Transparency Report: Overblocking is real},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/12/09/youtube-copyright-transparency-report-overblocking-is-real/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-10},

urldate = {2021-12-10},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 25 mei 2021 (Big Brother Watch e.a. / Verenigd Koninkrijk) en Hof van Justitie EU 6 oktober 2020 (La Quadrature du Net e.a. / Premier ministre e.a.)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_362.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-07},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {49},

pages = {6225-6237},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 25 mei 2021 (Atlantic/Marell Boats)},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Auteursrecht_2021_4.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-02},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {4},

pages = {228-229},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 6 oktober 2021 (Van Haga / LinkedIn)},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Mf_2021_6.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-02},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {206-208},

abstract = {Het Tweede Kamerlid Van Haga heeft op zijn LinkedIn profielpagina berichten geplaatst waarin hij de gevaren van het coronavirus in twijfel trok. Het bedrijf LinkedIn heeft eerst een paar van deze berichten verwijderd en daarna  het account van Van Haga helemaal be\"{e}indigd. In het kort geding ging het onder meer om de vraag in hoeverre Van Haga beschermd wordt door de vrijheid van meningsuiting.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Introduction: An Information Law Approach to Intellectual Property and Sports},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Poort, J. and van Eechoud, M. and van Gompel, S. and Helberger, N.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

urldate = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {3-11},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {'The Portrait of a Gentleman'- The Cruijff Case},

author = {Dommering, E.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {75-84},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Sports as Policy Levers in Intellectual Property Lawmaking},

author = {van Gompel, S.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

urldate = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {119-130},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Do We Need More Copyright Protection for Sports Events?},

author = {Quintais, J.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {143-156},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {An Economic Note on Reselling Tickets},

author = {Poort, J.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {211-216},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Sacrificing the Gods on the Altar of Sports: The Redefinition of Cultural Symbols in the Sports Sector},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {233-247},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Database Rights in the EU's Data Strategy: A Question of Sport?},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {251-261},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {'Voetbal Hoort niet bij Robots': Attitudes Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Refereeing},

author = {Helberger, N. and Zarouali, B.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {395-409},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {AI-JAX},

author = {Gervais, D.J.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {437-448},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Study on emerging issues on collective licensing practices in the digital environment},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and van Gompel, S. and and Handke, C. and Peeters, R. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Regeczi, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Study_on_collective_practices_in_the_digital_environment.pdf

https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/reports-collective-management-and-extended-licensing},

doi = {10.2759/611658},

isbn = {978-92-76-39981-0},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-25},

abstract = {Collective management of copyright and related rights is an important element of the copyright system. First and foremost, it can ensure that rightholders reap greater rewards. By exploiting economies of scale and network effects, collective management can also make markets for copyright licences more efficient, to benefit users and other stakeholders. This study examines two central aspects of collective management of copyright and related rights in Europe.

Part I documents the development of multi-territorial licensing of online rights in musical works in the European Economic Area (EEA) under Title III of Directive 2014/26/EU on Collective management of copyright and related rights and multi-territorial licensing of rights in musical works for online use in the internal market (CRM Directive). It highlights the consequences of legal and regulatory reform, based on pervasive quantitative and qualitative data \textendash produced in surveys, interviews and a workshop with stakeholders \textendash and collected among collective management organisations (CMOs), rightholders, online music service providers, and national competent authorities.

Part II examines national mechanisms of collective licensing with an extended effect and comprehensive network of national experts, complemented by surveys of CMOs, as well as interviews with national competent authorities. 

The present study provides a legal and economic analysis that can serve as input for the European Commission to draft the reports required by Article 40 of the CRM Directive and Article 12(6) of the Directive 2019/790/EU on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market (DSM Directive).



},

note = {Study written by Ecorys, IViR and Erasmus University Rotterdam, commissioned by the European Commission.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Webharvesting},

author = {Senftleben, M. and van Gompel, S. and Helmond, A. and Schumacher, L.D. and Ausloos, J. and van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Webharvesting_WODC.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-25},

urldate = {2021-11-25},

abstract = {Aan het volgende onderzoeksrapport ligt de doelstelling ten grondslag om te inventariseren wat juridisch, beleidsmatig en technisch nodig is om webharvesting mogelijk te maken, onder meer in de vorm van een zogenaamde nationale “domeincrawl”: het systematische kopi\"{e}ren en archiveren van webpagina’s die een afspiegeling vormen van de Nederlandse sociale, culturele, economische, juridische, politieke en wetenschappelijke geschiedenis online.},

note = {Onderzoek in opdracht van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC), 20 september 2021, WODC rapport 3142.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@online{nokey,

title = {The Regulatory Landscape for Copyright Content Moderation: Evaluation and Future Trajectories},

author = {Quintais, J. and Kowalewska Jahromi, H. and Mezei, P. and Priora, G. and Reda, J. and Riis, T. and Schwemer, S. and Szkalej, K.},

url = {https://www.recreating.eu/2021/10/19/webinar-16-november-the-regulatory-landscape-for-copyright-content-moderation-evaluation-and-future-trajectories/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HketusMjEFk},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-25},

abstract = {This webinar took place on 16 November 2021 and addressed the current status and future avenues for copyright content moderation in EU law, including a discussion on the rules on liability for online content-sharing service providers.},

note = {Webinar ReCreating Europe 16 November 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Het coronabeleid is onconstitutioneel},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NJB_Opinie_2021.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-25},

journal = {Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB)},

number = {41},

pages = {3396-3398},

abstract = {De Staat is verplicht om in te grijpen bij het uitbreken van een pandemie van een gevaarlijke ziekte en moet dan maatregelen treffen om deze zoveel mogelijk in te dammen. Maar daarbij hoort een ingewikkelde afweging van conflicterende fundamentele rechten, belangen en redelijkerwijze van de ingreep te verwachten gevolgen. Deze noodzakelijke grondrechtelijke toetsing was, is en blijft maar achterwege bij de coronamaat-regelen die in Nederland uitgevaardigd worden.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 8 september 2020 (RAAP/PPI)},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Auteursrecht_2021_2.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-23},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

volume = {2021},

number = {2},

pages = {77-79},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The perils of legally defining disinformation},

author = {Fahy, R. and Helberger, N. and Appelman, N.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/InternetPolicyReview_2021.pdf},

doi = {10.14763/2021.4.1584},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-12},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {4},

abstract = {EU policy considers disinformation to be harmful content, rather than illegal content. However, EU member states have recently been making disinformation illegal. This article discusses the definitions that form the basis of EU disinformation policy, and analyses national legislation in EU member states applicable to the definitions of disinformation, in light of freedom of expression and the proposed Digital Services Act. The article discusses the perils of defining disinformation in EU legislation, and including provisions on online platforms being required to remove illegal content, which may end up being applicable to overbroad national laws criminalising false news and false information.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Evaluatie PNR Wet},

author = {Irion, K. and Es, R. van and Meeren, K. van der and Dijkman, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/evaluatie-pnr-wet-1.pdf

https://repository.wodc.nl/handle/20.500.12832/3118},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-11},

abstract = {Op 18 juni 2019 is de Wet gebruik van passagiersgegevens voor de bestrijding van terroristische en ernstige misdrijven (PNR-wet) in werking getreden. Deze wet verplicht de luchtvaartmaatschappijen om passagiersgegevens van elke vlucht die in Nederland vertrekt of aankomt te verstrekken aan de Passagiersinformatie-eenheid Nederland (Pi-NL). De Pi-NL mag krachtens deze wet verzamelde passagiersgegevens uitsluitend verwerken voor het voorkomen, opsporen, onderzoeken en vervolgen van terroristische misdrijven en ernstige criminaliteit. Met de aanname van de PNR-wet voldoet de Nederlandse wetgever aan zijn plicht om de EU-richtlijn 2016/681 (PNR-richtlijn) te implementeren. Dit onderzoek vervult de verplichting uit artikel 25 van de PNR-wet dat twee jaar na de inwerkingtreding van de wet een evaluatie dient plaats te vinden van de doeltreffendheid en de effecten van deze wet in de praktijk. Deze evaluatie is ook gericht op de naleving van de privacywaarborgen en op de verwerking van passagiersgegevens van intra-EU-vluchten. De periode waarop deze evaluatie betrekking heeft, loopt van de inwerkingtreding van de wet op 18 juni 2019 tot 5 juli 2021},

note = {WODC Rapport 3181, geschreven door K. Irion, R. van Es (IViR), K. van der Meeren \& D. Dijkman (It's Public), november 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Janssen2021c,

title = {Persoonlijke PIMS: privacyfort of luchtkasteel?},

author = {Janssen, H.},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {Privacy \& Informatie},

number = {5},

pages = {214-225},

abstract = {Persoonsgegevens worden thans veelal op ondoorzichtige wijze, buiten de controle van de betrokkenen verwerkt. Persoonlijke informatiebeheersystemen (PIMS) willen betrokkenen technologische toepassingen aanreiken, die hun meer controle geven over de verwerking van hun persoonsgegevens. PIMS presenteren zich als alternatief voor de huidige, ‘gecentraliseerde’ wijze van gegevensverwerking, waarbij (grote) organisaties persoonsgegevens op meestal ondoorzichtige wijze verzamelen, analyseren en doorgeven aan derden. PIMS bieden betrokkenen technische instrumenten waarmee zij zelf kunnen controleren en bepalen wanneer en aan wie zijn hun gegevens overdragen, en/of analyses over hun gegevens kunnen laten uitvoeren. Hoewel argumenten voor deze ‘decentralisatie’

aantrekkelijk klinken, rijzen vragen over de mate waarin PIMS de problemen met de huidige gegevensverwerking effectief kunnen bestrijden. In dit artikel ligt de focus bij de vraag in hoeverre deze PIMS de machtsongelijkheid tussen betrokkenen en grote organisaties daadwerkelijk kunnen bestrijden, die als gevolg van de huidige gegevensverwerkingspraktijk zijn ontstaan. PIMS kunnen enig inzicht in en controle over gegevensverwerking bieden, maar desondanks zal de machtsongelijkheid grotendeels blijven voortbestaan.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {From Risk to Reward? The DSA's risk-based approach to disinformation},

author = {Pentney, K. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-special-2021-01en-dsa-package/1680a43e45},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

urldate = {2021-10-28},

booktitle = {Unravelling the Digital Services Act package', M. Cappello (ed.), IRIS Special, Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory},

pages = {40-57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Kamelen, tijgers en de Wet Open Overheid},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Kamelen-tijgers-en-de-Wet-Open-Overheid.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-25},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {11},

abstract = {Opinie naar aanleiding van de aanvaarding door de Eerste Kamer op 5 oktober 2021 van twee wetsvoorstellen die hebben geleid tot de Wet open overheid.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giannopoulou2021,

title = {Putting Data Protection by Design on the Blockchain},

author = {Giannopoulou, A.},

doi = {10.21552/edpl/2021/3/7},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-22},

urldate = {2021-10-22},

journal = {European Data Protection Law Review},

volume = {7},

number = {3},

pages = {388-399},

abstract = {The principle of data protection by design, as it is enshrined in article 25 of the GDPR, is difficult to apply in blockchains. This article will assess how the reliance on asymmetric encryption and other privacy enhancing technological architectures -necessary in a blockchain-based system- approach both user control and data protection by design compliance from the single scope of anonymization and unlinkability. Data subjects’ rights, accountability, and the potential shortcomings of applied technological constraints are thus sidelined. Ultimately, this limited understanding of technological privacy, acts as a misguiding set of principles for technological co-regulation through standardisation in blockchains. The standardization of these choices without a holistic analysis of data protection by design imperatives could ultimately weaken the position of data subjects, whose trust in the technological protections of personal data might prove to be relatively misplaced.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Irion2021e,

title = {Governing “European values” inside data flows: : interdisciplinary perspectives},

author = {Irion, K. and Kolk, A. and Buri, M. and Milan, S.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/european-values},

doi = {10.14763/2021.3.1582},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-11},

urldate = {2021-10-11},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

abstract = {This editorial introduces ten research articles, which form part of this special issue, exploring the governance of “European values” inside data flows. Protecting fundamental human rights and critical public interests that undergird European societies in a global digital ecosystem poses complex challenges, especially because the United States and China are leading in novel technologies. We envision a research agenda calling upon different disciplines to further identify and understand European values that can adequately perform under conditions of transnational data flows.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bod\'{o}2021b,

title = {Personal data ordering in context: the interaction of meso-level data governance regimes with macro frameworks},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Irion, K. and Janssen, H. and Giannopoulou, A.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/personal-data-ordering-context-interaction-meso-level-data-governance-regimes},

doi = {10.14763/2021.3.1581},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-11},

urldate = {2021-10-11},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

abstract = {The technological infrastructures enabling the collection, processing, and trading of data have fuelled a rapid innovation of data governance models. We differentiate between macro, meso, and micro level models, which correspond to major political blocks; societal-, industry-, or community level systems, and individual approaches, respectively. We focus on meso-level models, which coalesce around: (1) organisations prioritising their own interests over interests of other stakeholders; (2) organisations offering technological and legal tools aiming to empower individuals; (3) community-based data intermediaries fostering collective rights and interests. In this article we assess these meso-level models, and discuss their interaction with the macro-level legal frameworks that have evolved in the US, the EU, and China. The legal landscape has largely remained inconsistent and fragmented, with enforcement struggling to keep up with the latest developments. We argue, first, that the success of meso-logics is largely defined by global economic competition, and, second, that these meso-logics may potentially put the EU’s macro-level framework with its mixed internal market and fundamental rights-oriented model under pressure. We conclude that, given the relative absence of a strong macro level-framework and an intensive competition of governance models at meso-level, it may be challenging to avoid compromises to the European macro framework. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2021d,

title = {Copyright and Artificial Creation: Does EU Copyright Law Protect AI-Assisted Output?},

author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-021-01115-0},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01115-0},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-07},

urldate = {2021-10-07},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {52},

number = {9},

pages = {1190-1216},

abstract = {This article queries whether and to what extent works produced with the aid of AI systems \textendash AI-assisted output \textendash are protected under EU copyright standards. We carry out a doctrinal legal analysis to scrutinise the concepts of “work”, “originality” and “creative freedom”, as well as the notion of authorship, as set forth in the EU copyright acquis and developed in the case-law of the Court of Justice. On this basis, we develop a four-step test to assess whether AI-assisted output qualifies as an original work of authorship under EU law, and how the existing rules on authorship may apply. Our conclusion is that current EU copyright rules are generally suitable and sufficiently flexible to deal with the challenges posed by AI-assisted output.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Trapova2021c,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash third trimester of 2021},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/10/07/eu-copyright-law-round-up-third-trimester-of-2021/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-07},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Senftleben2021b,

title = {The Siren Song of the Subtle Copycat - Revisiting Trademark Law with Insights from Consumer Research},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Horen, F. van},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3922568

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TheTrademarkReporter_2021_4.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {The Trademark Reporter},

volume = {111},

number = {4},

pages = {739-777},

abstract = {The architecture of trademark protection systems rests on the assumption that brand imitation strategies are particularly harmful when they seek to achieve a high level of similarity by copying specific trademarked features of the original brand. Marketing research, however, shows that this assumption is doubtful. Subtle, theme-based imitation strategies \textendash aiming at a modest degree of similarity \textendash may allow copycats to garner greater profits and manipulate consumers’ purchasing decisions. Like an enchanting siren song, they may lure customers away from the original products of brand owners. Against this background, the paper discusses the question whether trademark law should be recalibrated.

To lay groundwork for this discussion, the analysis outlines central functions of trademarks in today’s market economy before describing, on the basis of EU trademark law, the traditional approach to copycat strategies from a marketing and legal perspective. Introducing insights from recent marketing research, the paper explains why subtle, theme-based strategies may be more harmful than blatant, feature-based copying. The further examination places this insight in a legal context. Contrasting the empirical findings of marketing research with traditional assessment schemes in EU trademark law, it becomes apparent that there is a remarkable mismatch between legal theory and market reality. Current trademark provisions are not aligned with “real life” consumer perception. As a result, copycats with a subtle imitation strategy remain under the radar of applicable infringement tests. This dilemma is taken as a starting point to discuss the need for reforms in trademark law.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@book{Sax2021f,

title = {Between Empowerment and Manipulation: The Ethics and Regulation of For-Profit Health Apps},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/sax_info_47-2/},

isbn = {9789403537917},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-30},

urldate = {2021-09-30},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@article{Reda2021bb,

title = {A Proposal to leverage Article 17 to build a public repository of Public Domain and openly licensed works},

author = {Reda, J. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/09/23/a-proposal-to-leverage-article-17-to-build-a-public-repository-of-public-domain-and-openly-licensed-works/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-23},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Angelopoulos2021,

title = {De reikwijdte van artikel 17 DSM-richtlijn in het licht van het verbod op algemene toezichtverplichtingen: een Odyssee},

author = {Angelopoulos, C. and Senftleben, M. and Thije, P. ten},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Auteursrecht_2021_3.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-21},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {3},

pages = {120-142},

abstract = {Met de Richtlijn auteursrechten en naburige rechten in de digitale eengemaakte markt (‘DSM-RL’) zijn nieuwe wettelijke verplichtingen op het terrein van het filteren van online content ontstaan. Aanbieders van onlinediensten voor het delen van content (‘OCSSPs’) dienen \textendash op basis van door rechthebbenden verstrekte informatie \textendash ervoor te zorgen dat beschermd materiaal niet beschikbaar is op hun platforms. Tegelijkertijd bevestigt artikel 17 lid 8 DSM-RL dat de nieuwe auteursrechtelijke regels niet tot een algemene toezichtverplichting moeten leiden. Ondanks de nieuwe filterverplichtingen heeft de Uniewetgever het traditionele verbod op een algemene toezichtverplichting \textendash dat al 20 jaar deel uitmaakt van de regeling van aansprakelijkheidsprivileges in de Richtlijn inzake elektronische handel (‘REH’) \textendash uitdrukkelijk overeind gehouden. Ook het voorstel van de Europese Commissie voor een Digital Services Act (‘DSA’) houdt het verbod op algemene toezichtverplichtingen in stand. Tegen deze achtergrond rijst de vraag hoe de nieuwe auteursrechtelijke filterverplichtingen moeten worden uitgelegd om een verboden algemene toezichtverplichting te voorkomen. De volgende analyse geeft antwoord op deze vraag op basis van een nadere bespreking van het verbod op algemene toezichtverplichtingen in de REH, de DSM-RL en het DSA-voorstel. Naast relevante rechtspraak van het HvJ EU komt het nauwe verband tussen het verbod op algemene toezichtverplichtingen en fundamentele rechten aan de orde.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2021bb,

title = {Conditions for technological solutions in a COVID-19 exit strategy, with particular focus on the legal and societal conditions},

author = {Helberger, N. and Eskens, S. and Strycharz, J. and Bouch\`{e}, G. and van Hoboken, J. and Mil, J. van and Toh, J. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/covid-report-1.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-13},

abstract = {Which legal, ethical and societal conditions need to be fulfilled for the use of digital solutions in managing the COVID-19 exit-strategy? This was the central question of this research. Digital technologies can be part of solutions to societal challenges, for example to manage the pandemic and lead the Netherlands out of the COVID-19 crisis. One set of technologies that figured particularly prominently in that debate was the use of contact tracing apps like the CoronaMelder, as well as digital vaccination passports (CoronaCheck app).  

In the Netherlands, Europe and worldwide, the introduction of apps such as the CoronaMelder or the CoronaCheck app was met by criticism from experts, politicians, civil society and academics. Concerns range from the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of such apps, uncertainty about the conditions that need to be fulfilled to reach their goal, our growing dependency on technology companies up to worries about the fundamental rights and adverse effects for vulnerable groups, such as elderly or users without a smart phone. 

The overall goal of the research was to monitor the societal, ethical and legal implications of implementing apps like the CoronaMelder, and from that draw lessons for the future use of ‘technology-assisted governance solutions’. One important conclusion from the report is that ‘there are no easy technological fixes, and in order for a technological solution to work, it needs to be part of a broader vision on what such a solution needs to function in society, achieve its intended goals and respect the fundamental rights of users as well as non-users.’ The report also offers critical reflections on the need for democratic legitimisation and accountability, the role of big tech and insights on the societal impact of the CoronaMelder and other technological solutions.

},

note = {Report for ZonMw, written by N. Helberger, S. Eskens, J. Strycharz, G. Bouch\`{e}, J. van Hoboken, J. van Mil, J. Toh, with N. Appelman, J. van Apeldoorn, M. van Eechoud, N. van Doorn, M. Sax \& C. de Vreese, September 2021, Amsterdam},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Editorial independence in an automated media system},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/editorial-independence-automated-media-system},

doi = {10.14763/2021.3.1569},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-13},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

abstract = {The media has increasingly grown to rely on automated decision-making to produce and distribute news. This trend challenges our understanding of editorial independence by transforming the role of human editorial judgment and creating new dependencies on external software and data providers, engineers, and platforms. Recent policy initiatives such as the EU’s Media Action Plan and Digital Services Act are now beginning to revisit the way law can enable the media to act independently in the context of new technological tools and actors. Fully understanding and addressing the challenges automation poses to editorial independence, however, first requires better normative insight into the functions editorial independence performs in European media policy. This article provides a normative framework of editorial independence’s functions in European media policy and uses it to explore the new challenges posed by the automation of editorial decision-making.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@book{ils2021,

title = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Poort, J. and van Eechoud, M. and van Gompel, S. and Helberger, N.},

url = {https://lrus.wolterskluwer.com/store/product/intellectual-property-and-sports-essays-in-honour-of-p-bernt-hugenholtz/},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-09},

urldate = {2021-09-09},

volume = {46},

publisher = {Kluwer Law International},

series = {Information Law Series},

abstract = {Intellectual Property and Sports celebrates the enormous achievements of Professor Bernt Hugenholtz in the field of intellectual property and information law. Renowned intellectual property law expert Bernt Hugenholtz once warned, chiding the voracity of copyright, that reducing the subject matter test to mere originality and personal stamp might lead to ‘infinite expansion of the concept of the work of authorship. Anything touched by human hand, including for instance sports performances, would be deemed a work’. Focus on sports-related intellectual property issues offers an ideal starting point for exploring core questions on information law. Legal rules in sports and intellectual property evolve in a climate pervaded by powerful lobby pressures with new technologies that have a profound impact on developments in the sports arena. Indeed, the applicability of copyright law on sports events and players’ moves is one of the many topics discussed in this volume, which spans issues from those related to players and their performances and achievements, via those relevant to sports event organisers and clubs, to questions concerning event reporting and data and the growing role of AI technologies in sports.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@online{Appelman2021,

title = {Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation: Is Article 12 DSA a Paper Tiger?},

author = {Appelman, N. and Quintais, J. and Fahy, R.},

editor = {Verfassungsblog},

url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/power-dsa-dma-06/},

doi = {10.17176/20210901-233103-0.},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

organization = {Verfassungsblog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Helberger2021bb,

title = {Towards Unfair Political Practices Law: Learning lessons from the regulation of unfair commercial practices for online political advertising},

author = {Helberger, N. and Dobber, T. and Vreese, C.H. de},

url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-3-2021/5338},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-26},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {12},

number = {3},

pages = {273-296},

abstract = {Online political advertising operates in a tense forcefield between political and commercial elements and thus presents regulators with a difficult conundrum: because online political advertising is political rather than commercial speech, it is destined to follow a different regulatory tradition than commercial advertising. And yet many of the tools used, players involved and concerns triggered by modern online political advertising strategies very much resemble the tools, players and concerns in online commercial targeting. Commercial advertising is subject to consumer law and unfair advertising regulation, including rules about unfair commercial practices. Unfair commercial practices law and other rules about commercial advertising, however, are explicitly not applicable to forms of non-commercial political or ideological advertising. An important reason why this is so is the different level of protection of political and commercial speech under fundamental rights law standards. And yet with the ongoing commercial turn in advertising, the traditional division between forms of commercial and political advertising is no longer that self-evident. Also, it cannot be denied that commercial advertising law has a long tradition of thinking of where and how to draw the line between lawful advertising and unlawful persuasion through withholding or misleading consumers about the information they need to take informed decisions, or abusing superior knowledge, exerting undue psychological pressure and engaging in other forms of unfair behaviour. The question this article explores is whether there are lessons to be learned from the regulation of commercial advertising for the pending initiatives at the national and the European level to regulate online political advertising, and online political targeting in specific.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanEechoud2021bb,

title = {Please share nicely \textemdash From Database directive to Data (governance) acts},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/08/18/please-share-nicely-from-database-directive-to-data-governance-acts/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-24},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Trapova2021,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash second trimester of 2021},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

editor = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/08/16/eu-copyright-law-round-up-second-trimester-of-2021/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-16},

organization = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Reuver2021,

title = {Are we human, or are we users? The role of natural language processing in human-centric news recommenders that nudge users to diverse content},

author = {Reuver, M. and Mattis, N. and Sax, M. and Verberne, S. and Tintarev, N. and Helberger, N. and M\"{u}ller, J. and Vrijenhoek, S. and Fokkens, A. and Van Atteveldt, W.},

url = {https://aclanthology.org/2021.nlp4posimpact-1.6/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.nlp4posimpact-1.6},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-01},

journal = {The 1st Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact: NLP4PosImpact 2021 : proceedings of the workshop},

pages = {47-59},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bastian2021,

title = {Safeguarding the Journalistic DNA: Attitudes towards the Role of Professional Values in Algorithmic News Recommender Designs},

author = {Bastian, M. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-29},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {In contrast to the extensive debate on the influence of algorithmic news recommenders (ANRs) on individual news diets, the interaction between such systems and journalistic norms and missions remain under-studied. The change in the relationship between journalists and the audience caused by the transition to personalized news delivery has profound consequences for the understanding of what journalism should be. To investigate how media practitioners perceive the impact of ANRs on their professional norms and media organizations’ missions, and how these norms and missions can be integrated into ANR design, this article looks at two quality newspapers from the Netherlands and Switzerland. Using an interview-based approach conducted with practitioners in different departments (e.g. journalists, data scientists, and product managers), it explores how ANRs interact with organization-centred and audience-centred journalistic values. The paper’s findings indicate a varying degree of prominence for specific values between individual practitioners in the context of their perception of ANRs. At the same time, the paper also reveals that some organization-centred (e.g. transparency) and most audience-centred (e.g. usability) values are viewed as prerequisites for successful ANR design by practitioners with different professional backgrounds.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Reda2021b,

title = {What Member States can learn from the AG opinion on Article 17},

author = {Reda, J. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/07/26/what-member-states-can-learn-from-the-ag-opinion-on-article-17/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-27},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@periodical{Sax2021bb,

title = {Opinie: Wie naar Dokter Quin gaat, betaalt de rekening voor technologie-kwakzalverij},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/opinie-wie-naar-dokter-quin-gaat-betaalt-de-rekening-voor-technologie-kwakzalverij~b58b6f64/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-20},

journal = {De Volkskrant},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {periodical}

}

@techreport{vanEechoud2021bb,

title = {Data na de dood - juridische aspecten van digitale nalatenschappen},

author = {van Eechoud, M. and Ausloos, J. and Loos, M. and Mak, C. and Reinhartz, B. and Schumacher, L.D. and Pol, L. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Data-na-de-dood.pdf

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Datanadedood_summary.pdf

https://www.sectorplandls.nl/wordpress/news/data-after-death-legal-aspects-of-digital-inheritances/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-08},

urldate = {2021-07-08},

abstract = {Jaarlijks overlijden ruim 150.000 mensen en worden er dus ook ongeveer evenveel nalatenschappen afgewikkeld. Vrijwel zonder uitzondering laten overledenen digitale ‘bezittingen’ achter, zoals sociale media-accounts, e-mails, documenten opgeslagen in de cloud en (gebruiksrechten op) allerlei media en entertainment. De vraag is of het huidige Nederlandse wettelijk kader voldoende handvatten biedt om de bij afwikkeling van digitale nalatenschappen gemoeide private en publieke belangen te behartigen. De centrale onderzoeksvraag van deze studie is: Welke eventuele aanpassingen van het Nederlandse wettelijke kader zijn wenselijk met het oog op de adequate bescherming van private en publieke belangen gemoeid met het regelen en afwikkelen van digitale nalatenschappen?

Voor de beantwoording van deze vraag is om te beginnen een analyse gedaan van het beleid van aanbieders van veelgebruikte informatiediensten rond overlijden, en van de relevante voorwaarden die zij hanteren. Bronnen voor de analyse zijn gebruikersovereenkomsten, algemene voorwaarden, privacy policies en andere (openbare) documenten zoals FAQ’s. Informatiediensten aanbieders zijn onderscheiden in digitale mediadiensten (commercieel aanbod zoals streaming video of -muziek), communicatiediensten (waaronder sociale media en berichtendiensten) en ICT-diensten (o.a. cloudopslag en digitale kluizen). Vervolgens is het relevante wettelijke kader beschreven en zijn onduidelijkheden daarin ge\"{i}dentificeerd. Naast het erfrecht, betreft dit het overeenkomstenrecht en dan in het bijzonder consumentenrecht, intellectuele eigendomsrechten (met name auteursrecht), persoonlijkheidsrechten en gegevensbeschermingsrecht (Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming). Ook het algemene vermogensrecht is van belang, voor zover betrekking hebbend op de vraag welk digitaal ‘bezit’ in de nalatenschap valt. Tot slot is met het oog op het formuleren van oplossingsrichtingen, naar een selectie van wetgeving in andere landen gekeken.},

note = {Onderzoek in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, April 2021, Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2020-2021, 30696 nr. 52.



Auteurs: M.M.M. van Eechoud, J. Ausloos, M. Loos, C. Mak, B. Reinhartz, L. Schumacher \& L. Pol.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@inbook{Irion2021bb,

title = {Panta Rhei: A European Perspective on Ensuring a High Level of Protection of Human Rights in a World in Which Everything Flows},

author = {Irion, K.},

editor = {Burri, M.},

url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/big-data-and-global-trade-law/panta-rhei/B0E5D7851240E0D2F4562B3C6DFF3011},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919234.015},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-05},

booktitle = {Big Data and Global Trade Law},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

chapter = {11},

abstract = {Human rights do remain valid currency in how we approach planetary-scale computation and accompanying data flows. Today’s system of human rights protection, however, is highly dependent on domestic legal institutions, which unravel faster than the reconstruction of fitting transnational governance institutions. The chapter takes a critical look at the construction of the data flow metaphor as a policy concept inside international trade law. Subsequently, it explores how the respect for human rights ties in with national constitutionalism that becomes increasingly challenged by the transnational dynamic of digital era transactions. Lastly, the chapter turns to international trade law and why its ambitions to govern cross-border data flows will likely not advance efforts to generate respect for human rights. In conclusion, the chapter advocates for a rebalancing act that recognizes human rights inside international trade law.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{Sax2021b,

title = {Voorbij privacy: manipulatie is het \'{e}chte probleem in gezondheidsapps},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.uitgeverijparis.nl/nl/reader/209785/1001582341},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-24},

journal = {Privacy \& Informatie},

number = {3},

pages = {117-120},

abstract = {Ze zijn enorm populair en zullen alleen nog maar populairder worden: gezondheidsapps. Er zijn populaire gezondheidsapps met tientallen tot soms honderden miljoenen gebruikers voor van alles en nog wat: dieetadviezen en calorie\"{e}ntellen (MyFitnessPal), meditatie en mindfulness (Headspace), het tracken en onderling vergelijken van sportactiviteiten (Strava), het tracken van je algehele bewegings- en gezondheidspatronen via een wearable (Fitbit), enzovoort. Hun huidige populariteit zal alleen nog maar toenemen, aangezien werkgevers en verzekeraars steeds nadrukkelijker het gebruik van gezondheidsapps aanprijzen. 1 Gezondheid is goed, meer gezondheid is beter. Geweldig toch, die alsmaar toenemende populariteit van gezondheidsapps?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2021b,

title = {Auteursrecht en artifici\"{e}le creatie},

author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Auteursrecht-2021-2.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-17},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {2},

pages = {47-52},

abstract = {In dit artikel wordt de vraag gesteld of voortbrengselen die met behulp van AI-systemen tot stand zijn gebracht auteursrechtelijk beschermd kunnen zijn. Centraal in deze analyse staat niet de machine, maar de rol van de mens in het door het AI-systeem ondersteunde creatieve proces. Is deze rol voldoende om het resultaat als auteursrechtelijke beschermd werk te kwalificeren? En wie heeft in dat geval te gelden als maker(s)? Deze vragen worden aan de hand van het Unierecht en de jurisprudentie van het HvJ EU beantwoord. Dit artikel is gebaseerd op een studie die in opdracht van de Europese Commissie is verricht en aan de basis ligt van het door de Commissie in het Actieplan IE geformuleerde

beleidsstandpunt over AI-creaties.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{Daalen2021,

title = {The new rules for export control of cyber-surveillance items in the EU},

author = {van Daalen, O. and van Hoboken, J. and Koot, M. and Rucz, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Report-on-cybersurveillance-items.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-17},

urldate = {2021-06-17},

note = {Commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2021bb,

title = {Three Cheers for the DSM Directive’s Rules on Author’s Contracts \textendash and a Cautionary Note from the Netherlands},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/14/three-cheers-for-the-dsm-directives-rules-on-authors-contracts-and-a-cautionary-note-from-the-netherlands/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-14},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanHoboken2021b,

title = {Smartphone platforms as privacy regulators},

author = {van Hoboken, J. and Fahy, R.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Smartphone-platforms-as-privacy-regulators.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105557},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {41},

abstract = {A series of recent developments highlight the increasingly important role of online platforms in impacting data privacy in today's digital economy. Revelations and parliamentary hearings about privacy violations in Facebook's app and service partner ecosystem, EU Court of Justice judgments on joint responsibility of platforms and platform users, and the rise of smartphone app ecosystems where app behaviour is governed by app distribution platforms and operating systems, all show that platform policies can make or break the enjoyment of privacy by users. In this article, we examine these developments and explore the question of what can and should be the role of platforms in protecting data privacy of their users.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Seipp2021,

title = {News media’s dependency on big tech: should we be worried?},

author = {Seipp, T.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/news-medias-dependency-big-tech-should-we-be-worried/1562},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Quintais2021-Guidance,

title = {Commission’s Guidance on Art. 17 CDSM Directive: the authorisation dimension},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/10/commissions-guidance-on-art-17-cdsm-directive-the-authorisation-dimension/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

organization = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Quintais2021,

title = {Commission’s Guidance on Art. 17 CDSM Directive: the authorisation dimension},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/10/commissions-guidance-on-art-17-cdsm-directive-the-authorisation-dimension/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2021,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 11 juni 2020 (Brompton Bicycle / Chedech/Get2Get},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_175.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-04},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {22},

pages = {3136-3138},

abstract = {Verzoek om een prejudici\"{e}le beslissing krachtens artikel 267 VWEU, ingediend door de tribunal de l’entreprise de Li\`{e}ge (ondernemingsrechtbank Luik, Belgi\"{e}) bij beslissing van 18 december 2018. Intellectuele en industri\"{e}le eigendom, auteursrecht en naburige rechten. Vouwfiets. Bescherming van werken op grond van het auteursrecht. Voor het bereiken van een technisch resultaat noodzakelijke vorm.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Reda2021,

title = {European Commission back-tracks on user rights in Article 17 Guidance},

author = {Reda, J. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/04/european-commission-back-tracks-on-user-rights-in-article-17-guidance/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-04},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dommering2021bb,

title = {Annotatie Hof van Justitie EU 19 december 2019 (Airbnb Ireland / Hoteli\`{e}re Turenne)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_61.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-03},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

volume = {2021},

number = {20/21},

pages = {2799-2802},

abstract = {Deze zaak (beslist door de Grand Chamber van het Hof) gaat over Airbnb in Frankrijk en gaat over dezelfde problematiek als in de Uberzaken in Spanje en Frankrijk (HvJEU 20 december 2017, zaak C-434/15, NJ 2018, 361 m.nt. E.J. Dommering, resp. HvJEU 10 april 2018, zaak C-320/16, NJ 2019, 3). In die zaken werd beslist dat de Uberdienst weliswaar een ‘dienst in de informatiemaatschappij’ is, zodat de e-commerce richtlijn (richtlijn 2000/31) van toepassing kan zijn, maar toch meer kenmerken van een vervoersdienst heeft, hetgeen ruimte schept voor de lidstaten ze onder de regels voor taxidiensten te brengen. In deze zaak beslist het Hof anders.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanHoboken2021,

title = {Regulating Disinformation in Europe: Implications for Speech and Privacy},

author = {van Hoboken, J. and Fahy, R.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Regulating-Disinformation-in-Europe.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-01},

journal = {UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law},

volume = {6},

number = {1},

pages = {9-36},

abstract = {This Article examines the ongoing dynamics in the regulation of disinformation in Europe, focusing on the intersection between the right to

freedom of expression and the right to privacy. Importantly, there has been a recent wave of regulatory measures and other forms of pressure on online platforms to tackle disinformation in Europe. These measures play out in different ways at the intersection of the right to freedom of expression and the right to privacy. Crucially, as governments, journalists, and researchers seek greater transparency and access to information from online platforms to evaluate their impact on the health of their democracies, these measures raise acute issues related to user privacy. Indeed, platforms that once refused to cooperate with governments in identifying users allegedly responsible for disseminating illegal or harmful content are now expanding cooperation. However, while platforms are increasingly facilitating government access to user data, platforms are also invoking data protection law concerns as a shield in response to recent efforts at increased platform transparency. At

the same time, data protection law provides for one of the main systemic regulatory safeguards in Europe. It protects user autonomy concerning datadriven campaigns, requiring transparency for internet audiences about targeting and data subject rights in relation to audience platforms, such as social media companies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Quintais2021-COLA,

title = {Book review: European Libraries and the Internet: Copyright and Extended Collective Licences, by Ran Tryggvadottir. },

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {https://kluwerlawonline.com/JournalArticle/Common+Market+Law+Review/58.3/COLA2021061},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-01},

journal = {Common Market Law Review},

volume = {58},

number = {3},

pages = {961 \textendash 964},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Quintais2021f,

title = {Article 12 DSA: Will platforms be required to apply EU fundamental rights in content moderation decisions? },

author = {Quintais, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R.},

url = {https://dsa-observatory.eu/2021/05/31/article-12-dsa-will-platforms-be-required-to-apply-eu-fundamental-rights-in-content-moderation-decisions/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-31},

organization = {DSA Observatory},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@inbook{Dommering2021e,

title = {'Staan op de schouders van reuzen'. Waarheidsgetrouw citeren als maatschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid van de wetenschapper},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Staan-op-de-schouders-van-reuzen.pdf

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Plagiarism-in-Academic-Research-and-Education.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-28},

pages = {59-69},

note = {Hoofdstuk in 'Plagiaat in onderzoek en onderwijs', red. J. Soeharno \& K. Algra, VSNU: Den Haag 2021. Ook beschikbaar in het Engels, zie link hieronder, ''Standing on the shoulders of giants'. Truthful citation is the social responsibility of academics.'},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{Leerssen2021,

title = {Platform ad archives in Article 30 DSA},

author = {Leerssen, P.},

url = {https://dsa-observatory.eu/2021/05/25/platform-ad-archives-in-article-30-dsa/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-25},

journal = {DSA Observatory blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bod\'{o}2021,

title = {The commodification of trust},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3843707},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-17},

journal = {Blockchain \& Society Policy Research Lab Research Nodes},

number = {1},

abstract = {Fundamental, wide-ranging, and highly consequential transformations take place in interpersonal, and systemic trust relations due to the rapid adoption of complex, planetary-scale digital technological innovations. Trust is remediated by planetary scale techno-social systems, which leads to the privatization of trust production in society, and the ultimate commodification of trust itself.

Modern societies rely on communal, public and private logics of trust production. Communal logics produce trust by the group for the group, and are based on familiar, ethnic, religious or tribal relations, professional associations epistemic or value communities, groups with shared location or shared past. Public trust logics developed in the context of the modern state, and produce trust as a free public service. Abstract, institutionalized frameworks, institutions, such as the press, or public education, science, various arms of the bureaucratic state create familiarity, control, and insurance in social, political, and economic relations. Finally, private trust producers sell confidence as a product: lawyers, accountants, credit rating agencies, insurers, but also commercial brands offer trust for a fee.

With the emergence of the internet and digitization, a new class of private trust producers emerged. Online reputation management services, distributed ledgers, and AI-based predictive systems are widely adopted technological infrastructures, which are designed to facilitate trust-necessitating social, economic interactions by controlling the past, the present and the future, respectively. These systems enjoy immense economic success, and they are adopted en masse by individuals and institutional actors alike.

The emergence of the private, technical means of trust production paves the way towards the widescale commodification of trust, where trust is produced as a commercial activity, conducted by private parties, for economic gain, often far removed from the loci where trust-necessitating social interactions take place. The remediation and consequent privatization and commodification of trust production has a number of potentially adverse social effects: it may decontextualize trust relationships; it removes trust from the local social, cultural relational contexts; it changes the calculus of interpersonal trust relations. Maybe more importantly as more and more social and economic relations are conditional upon having access to, and good standing in private trust infrastructures, commodification turns trust into the question of continuous labor, or devastating exclusion. By invoking Karl Polanyi’s work on fictious commodities, I argue that the privatization, and commodification of trust may have a catastrophic impact on the most fundamental layers of the social fabric.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bostyn2021,

title = {Why a COVID IP Waiver Is not a Good Strategy},

author = {Bostyn, S.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3843327},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-17},

abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound influence on all aspects of society. The development of successful vaccines in record speed is almost a miracle. But despite the successful development and approval of multiple vaccines, many people still die of this terrible disease, and there is an urgent need to see more vaccines manufactured and distributed across the globe.

The proposed COVID-19 IP waiver has been touted by some to be the perfect solution to a terrible problem. We all agree that there is a terrible problem of insufficient vaccines to inoculate the world population.

An IP waiver is not a good strategy however, to tackle this crisis. There are multiple more effective solution conceivable which do not require a very disruptive IP waiver.

The problem of insufficient supply is much more complicated than a simple IP waiver suggests. This is a complex ecosystem, and there are many moving parts. Moreover, IP rights are only part of the problem relating to more supply of vaccine or therapeutics. In view of the complexities, it will probably take many months to negotiate any kind of IP waiver system that would be acceptable to all WTO member states, if consensus could be reached at all. And the end result is likely to satisfy very few if any countries.

The legality of an IP waiver can be doubted, and it would require retro-active effect, a concept that should be extremely sparingly used.

A multitude of complex issues needs to be sorted out. There are hundreds of patents to navigate. A waiver to the equally patented vaccine platform technology (covering many patents), which may be used to develop any other vaccine, will make those companies who have invested heavily into developing it very nervous indeed, to say the least.

Crucial manufacturing know-how is often not protected by IP rights, but is kept secret, and it will be difficult to force companies to disclose that information, also because one does not know what to ask for.

The present IP waiver proposal also provides for a disclosure of commercially very sensitive information. Companies did not have a chance to adapt their regulatory disclosure strategies to this new reality, which means that information which will be disclosed under the waiver could very well have a major negative impact on future innovation strategies, and may also hamper competitive advantage or leverage.

Market exclusivity is arguably not covered by the IP waiver, which means that separate national statutory intervention will be required to ensure that this market exclusivity is set aside, absent of which the IP waiver cannot have any practical effect.

A quick and determined use of compulsory licensing could be a better way forward, as they have the potential to be a powerful tool. There are inefficiencies in using the instrument however, and invoking them when the need is high will require a relatively long lead time before they sort practical effect. They also require additional statutory intervention to ensure that regulatory exclusivities do not block their practical effect. And they might not necessarily work as well with low and middle-income countries, who would have less leverage in the negotiations.

More efficient solutions can be arrived at by introducing hard clauses into contracts in the context of push and pull mechanisms. Those obligations are much more likely to result in more supply in the shorter to medium term if they are agreed upon long before the vaccine enters the market. It is obviously too late for the contracts that have been concluded in the past, but it should be a template for the future.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ancel2021,

title = {International Law Association’s Guidelines on Intellectual Property and Private International Law (“Kyoto Guidelines”): Applicable Law},

author = {Ancel, M-E. and Binctin, N. and Drexl, J. and van Eechoud, M. and Ginsburg, J.C. and Kono, T. and Lee, G. and Matulionyte, R. and Treppoz, E. and Moura Vicente, D.},

url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-1-2021/5247/jipitec%20-12_1_2021_applicable_law.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-11},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {44-73},

abstract = {The chapter “Applicable Law” of the International Law Association’s Guidelines on Intellectual Property and Private International Law (“Kyoto Guidelines”) provides principles on the choice of law in international intellectual property matters. The Guidelines confirm the traditional principle of the lex loci protection is for the existence, transferability, scope and infringement of intellectual property rights. The law applicable to the initial ownership of registered rights is governed by the lex loci protection is whereas the law of the closest connection is applied to determine the ownership of copyright. For contracts, freedom of choice is acknowledged. With regard to ubiquitous or multi-state infringement and collective rights management in the field of copyright, the Guidelines suggest innovative solutions. Finally, the chapter contains a Guideline on the law applicable to the arbitrability of disputes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{onProperty2021,

title = {Annex Guidelines on Intellectual Property and Private International Law (“Kyoto Guidelines”)},

author = {van Eechoud, M. and as part of ILA Committee:},

url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-1-2021/5252},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-11},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {86-93},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Voorhoof2021,

title = {Freedom of expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the Euopean Court of Human Rights},

author = {Voorhoof, D. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-themes-vol-iii-2020-edition-en-28-april-2021-/1680a24eee},

isbn = {9789287184351},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-06},

abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first four editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2020) have proved hugely successful. The new sixth edition summarises over 339 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). },

note = {IRIS Themes, vol. III, 6th edition, April 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Volgenant2021,

title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2020},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Persvrijheidsmonitor-2020.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-03},

abstract = {Op maandag 3 mei wordt de Internationale Dag van de Persvrijheid gehouden. Op deze dag wordt de jaarlijkse Persvrijheidsmonitor gepresenteerd met een overzicht van de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van de persvrijheid in Nederland.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{HusovecQuintais2021-2,

title = {Too Small to Matter? On the Copyright Directive’s bias in favour of big right-holders},

author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.},

editor = {Tuomas Mylly and Jonathan Griffiths},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3835930},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-29},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

abstract = {Copyright law is about recognising the author’s material and non-material interests and setting the incentives for creativity right. The legislative changes in this area increasingly look as if simple linearity governs the world: what we take away from some, we automatically give away in equal part to others. The idea of redistribution is noticeable in recent legislative developments. Art. 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (DSM Directive) is the latest policy intervention to prove this point. According to its logic, imposing stricter liability on some online gatekeepers will automatically improve the position and revenues for all right-holders. This chapter explores the flaws in such an approach by highlighting how the excessive focus of Art. 17 on big right-holders neglects and harms smaller creators.



EU copyright law often uses a technical term of ‘right-holders’ to refer to a wide range of players with legal entitlements in the copyright ecosystem: authors, performers, phonogram producers, film producers, broadcasting organisations and (most recently) press publishers. Obviously, not all right-holders are created equal nor do their legal entitlements flow from identical normative justifications. We argue in this chapter that even the use of this seemingly neutral term can, due to the design of underlying legal solutions, lead to stark inequality between right-holders. Our broader goal is to demonstrate that maximising enforcement by means of Art. 17 of the DSM Directive does not simply maximise the position of every right-holder at the expense of platforms but does so disproportionality for big right-holders. Besides, we show that blind use of ‘right-holder’ and ‘user’ distinction harms the very creators that provision is supposed to protect. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{vanGompel2021,

title = {‘Non, non, rien n’a chang\'{e}’: Over vergoedingsaanspraken voor makers uit hoofde van exploitatiecontracten},

author = {van Gompel, S.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Auteursrecht-2021-1.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-29},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

volume = {2021},

number = {1},

pages = {3-9},

abstract = {‘Auteurs en artiesten profiteren nog weinig van Wet Auteurscontractenrecht’,  zo luidt de titel van het persbericht van het WODC bij de publicatie van het evaluatierapport van genoemde wet in oktober 2020. Makers geven onder meer aan dat zij hun aanspraak op een billijke vergoeding (art. 25c lid 1 Aw) of de aanvullende billijke vergoeding bij exploitatiesucces (art. 25d Aw) niet durven in te roepen of te handhaven jegens exploitanten. Het is daarom de vraag of de vergoeding die makers van exploitanten ontvangen voor de contractueel verleende exploitatiebevoegdheid van hun werken wel altijd ‘billijk’ is. Mede in het licht van art. 18 e.v. DSM-richtlijn, die eveneens beogen een passende en evenredige vergoeding voor auteurs en uitvoerende kunstenaars in exploitatiecontracten te waarborgen, bespreekt dit artikel juridische en praktische maatregelen om makers makkelijker in staat te stellen hun vergoedingsaanspraken uit exploitatiecontracten te effectueren.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanGompel2021b,

title = {Annotatie bij Rb Amsterdam 10 september 2020 (Left Lane c.s. / Sony Music)},

author = {van Gompel, S.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Auteursrecht_2021-1.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-29},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {1},

pages = {40-42},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Keller2021,

title = {It’s 23 April 2021, so where is the Advocate General opinion in Case C-401/19 Poland v Parliament and Council?},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/04/23/its-23-april-2021-so-where-is-the-advocate-general-opinion-in-case-c-401-19-poland-v-parliament-and-council/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-23},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@periodical{Sax2021bb,

title = {Opinie: Beleid voor CoronaCheck-app ontbreekt jammerlijk},

author = {Sax, M. and Helberger, N. and Strycharz, J.},

url = {https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/04/25/beleid-voor-coronacheck-apps-ontbreekt-jammerlijk-a4041219},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-23},

journal = {NRC Handelsblad},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {periodical}

}

@online{Quintais2021c,

title = {The Rise of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and the Role of Copyright Law \textendash Part II},

author = {Quintais, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Giannopoulou, A. and Mezei, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/04/22/the-rise-of-non-fungible-tokens-nfts-and-the-role-of-copyright-law-part-ii/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-22},

organization = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@online{QuintaisetalNFTPartI,

title = {The Rise of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and the Role of Copyright Law \textendash Part I},

author = {Quintais, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Giannopoulou, A. and Mezei, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/04/14/the-rise-of-non-fungible-tokens-nfts-and-the-role-of-copyright-law-part-i/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-14},

organization = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{vanEechoud2021b,

title = {A Serpent Eating Its Tail: The Database Directive Meets the Open Data Directive},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IIC_2021.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01049-7},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-14},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {52},

number = {4},

pages = {375-378},

abstract = {As part of its broader digital strategy, the European Commission has articulated a data strategy. Its aim is to help grow “the use of, and demand for, data and data-enabled products and services throughout the Single Market”. In the eyes of the EC, promoting wider availability and use of data would stimulate not just “greater productivity and competitive markets, but also improvements in health and well-being, environment, transparent governance and convenient public services”. That is quite a shopping list. The data strategy has ramifications for intellectual property law, especially for the sui generis database right enshrined in the 1996 Database Directive.},

note = {Editorial},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Trapova2021b,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash first trimester of 2021},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/04/06/eu-copyright-law-round-up-first-trimester-of-2021/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-07},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bellanova2021,

title = {Toward a Critique of Algorithmic Violence},

author = {Bellanova, R. and Irion, K. and Lindskov Jacobsen, K. and Ragazzi, F. and Saugmann, R. and Suchman, L.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olab003},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-29},

journal = {International Political Sociology},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

pages = {121\textendash150},

abstract = {Questions about how algorithms contribute to (in)security are under discussion across international political sociology. Building upon and adding to these debates, our collective discussion foregrounds questions about algorithmic violence. We argue that it is important to examine how algorithmic systems feed (into) specific forms of violence, and how they justify violent actions or redefine what forms of violence are deemed legitimate. Bringing together different disciplinary and conceptual vantage points, this collective discussion opens a conversation about algorithmic violence focusing both on its specific instances and on the challenges that arise in conceptualizing and studying it. Overall, the discussion converges on three areas of concern\textemdashthe violence undergirding the creation and feeding of data infrastructures; the translation processes at play in the use of computer/machine vision across diverse security practices; and the institutional governing of algorithmic violence, especially its organization, limitation, and legitimation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanEechoud2021,

title = {Nieuws in de platformeconomie},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.montesquieu-instituut.nl/id/vlhef5g0pisa/nieuws/nieuws_in_de_platformeconomie},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-29},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {11},

number = {118},

abstract = {De media stond de afgelopen weken bol van het nieuws dat Google en Facebook op grond van een nieuwe Australische wet moeten gaan betalen voor het gebruik van ‘news content’. In de EU hebben we al een paar jaar zo’n wet, in de vorm van een richtlijn (2019/790) die inmiddels in de Wet op de naburige rechten is ge\"{i}mplementeerd. Deze zomer treed de herziene wet in werking en hebben uitgevers van perspublicaties aan het auteursrecht vergelijkbare exclusieve rechten ten aanzien van het online (commercieel) gebruik van hun digitale uitgaven. Net als in Australi\"{e} gebeurde, ging de totstandkoming van de Europese wet gepaard met groot retorisch geweld van zowel de kant van traditionele media als van platformen. Digitale platforms zouden advertentie-inkomsten stelen van kranten en rijk worden over de rug van traditionele media. Persuitgevers zouden voorstander zijn van een de-facto belasting op hyperlinks, gebrek aan innovatiekracht tonen en miskennen hoezeer sociale media en zoekmachines hun bereik exponentieel vergroten, en dat gratis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@phdthesis{Sax2021bb,

title = {Between Empowerment and Manipulation: The Ethics and Regulation of For-Profit Health Apps},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=52225d37-e7e1-4883-9dab-a3f5d3a063d8},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-26},

abstract = {In the digital society, many of our everyday activities take place within digital choice architectures that become increasingly good at understanding and shaping our behavior. Health apps are a perfect example of this trend: they are easy to download and use and promise user empowerment. By collecting and analyzing user data, health apps promise to be able to ‘get to know’ their users and deliver personalized feedback and suggestions for better health outcomes. But this promise of user empowerment also comes with a risk of user manipulation. Most of the popular health apps are for-profit services. To monetize their userbase, they can rely on the very same user data collection, data analysis, and targeting techniques to shape the behavior of health app users in ways that benefit the health app provider, rather than the users themselves. As it turns out, the very conditions for empowerment largely overlap with the conditions for manipulation.



This dissertation offers an ethical and legal analysis of the tension between empowerment and manipulation in for-profit health apps, and digital choice architectures more generally. Building on ethical theories of personal autonomy and manipulation, the dissertation develops an ethical framework to evaluate the design and commercial practices of health apps. This ethical framework is then used to develop novel interpretations of key concepts in the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD). Based on these novel interpretations of key concepts, it is argued that the UCPD has an important role to play in addressing consumer manipulation. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {phdthesis}

}

@online{Irion2021b,

title = {Formal meeting (oral evidence session): Digital trade and data},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://committees.parliament.uk/event/3859/formal-meeting-oral-evidence-session/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-12},

abstract = {Oral testimony on the UK House of Commons International Trade Committee. The Committee has launched an inquiry into digital trade and data. Digital trade refers to digitally enabled, or digitally delivered, trade in goods and services. Such trade involves the movement of data. 

The Committee’s inquiry will explore a range of issues, including:

• Digital trade and data provisions in Free Trade Agreements

• Concerns around the security and privacy of data

• The environmental impact of digital trade

• Relevant legal frameworks},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Dommering2021c,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 16 juli 2020 (Data Protection Commissioner / Facebook Ireland \& Schrems)(Schrems II)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_24.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-12},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

volume = {2021},

number = {5/6},

pages = {455-458},

abstract = {Uitlevering persoonsgegevens Ierland/VS in strijd met de AVG omdat veiligheidsdiensten in VS ongecontroleerd toegang hebben tot serviceproviders die deze persoonsgegevens ontvangen.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dommering2021d,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 1 oktober 2019 (nr. 17/01305)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_29.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-12},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

volume = {2021},

number = {5/6},

pages = {550-551},

abstract = {Schending geheimhoudingsplicht lid Antilliaanse parlement.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dommering2021b,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 8 oktober 2019 (Szurovecz / Hongarije)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_13.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-11},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

volume = {2021},

number = {4},

pages = {230-231},

abstract = {Deze zaak gaat over de vrijheid van nieuwsgaring. Een journalist kreeg geen toegang tot vreemdelingencentra in Hongarije. Het EHRM achtte dat in de gegeven omstandigheden in strijd met artikel 10 EVRM. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{Jones-Bos2021,

title = {Evaluatie 2020: Wet op de Inlichtingen- en veiligheidsdiensten 2017},

author = {Jones-Bos, R.V.M. and Bot, Th. P.L. and Dommering, E. and van den Herik, L.J. and Jacobs, B.P.F. and Nagtegaal, W. and Zijlstra, S.E. (Evaluatiecommissie Wiv 2017)},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Rapport_Evaluatie_2020_Wet_op_de_inlichtingen-_en_veiligheidsdiensten_2017.pdf

https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/brieven_regering/detail?id=2021Z01039\&did=2021D02502},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-11},

note = {Den Haag: Ministeries BDZK en Defensie, 2021, 180 pp.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Dommering2021,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 30 januari 2020 (Breyer/ Duitsland)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2020_431.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-05},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {51/52},

pages = {7926-7929},

abstract = {In deze uit Duitsland afkomstige zaak staat centraal de uitleg die het Bundesverfassungsgericht (hierna: BVerfG) aan de Duitse telecommunicatiewetgeving heeft gegeven met betrekking tot de opslag van persoonlijke communicatiegegevens. Het gaat om het opslaan van persoonsgegevens op Simkaarten. De zaak vertoont daarom verwantschap met de uitspraak van het HvJEU in de Spaanse zaak Ministerio Fiscal (HvJEU 2 oktober 2018, NJ 2020, nr 232 m. nt. E.J. Dommering), die het EHRM ook onder het relevante recht vermeldt.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{Helberger2021,

title = {EU Consumer Protection 2.0: Structural Asymmetries in Digital Consumer Markets},

author = {Helberger, N. and Lynskey, O. and Micklitz, H.-W. and Rott, P. and Sax, M. and Strycharz, J.},

url = {https://www.beuc.eu/publications/beuc-x-2021-018_eu_consumer_protection.0_0.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-05},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@inbook{Irion2021c,

title = {Front-running legislatures can foster AI that empowers users of digital technologies},

author = {Irion, K.},

editor = {Nadia El-Imam (ed.)},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ki-front-running-legislatures-can-foster-ai-that-empowers-users-of-digital-technologies-2/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-05},

pages = {114-15},

organization = {NGI Forward},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{Poort2021,

title = {Personalised pricing: The demise of the fixed price?},

author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/The-Demise-of-the-Fixed-Price.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-04},

abstract = {An online seller or platform is technically able to offer every consumer a different price for the same product, based on information it has about the customers. Such online price discrimination exacerbates concerns regarding the fairness and morality of price discrimination, and the possible need for regulation. In this chapter, we discuss the underlying basis of price discrimination in economic theory, and its popular perception. Our surveys show that consumers are critical and suspicious of online price discrimination. A majority consider it unacceptable and unfair, and are in favour of a ban. When stores apply online price discrimination, most consumers think they should be informed about it. We argue that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) applies to the most controversial forms of online price discrimination, and not only requires companies to disclose their use of price discrimination, but also requires companies to ask customers for their prior consent. Industry practice, however, does not show any adoption of these two principles.},

note = {Forthcoming as chapter 10 in: Kohl, U., \& Eisler, J. (eds.), Data-Driven Personalisation in Markets, Politics and Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{SaxAusloos2021,

title = {Getting under your skin(s): A legal-ethical exploration of Fortnite’s transformation into a content delivery platform and its manipulative potential},

author = {Sax, M. and Ausloos, J.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3764489},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-01},

journal = {Interactive Entertainment Law Review},

volume = {4},

number = {1},

abstract = {This paper investigates the ethical and legal implications of increasingly manipulative practices in the gaming industry by looking at one of the currently most popular and profitable video games in the world. Fortnite has morphed from an online game into a quasi-social network and an important cultural reference point in the lifeworld of many (young) people. The game is also emblematic of the freemium business model, with strong incentives to design the game in a manner which maximises microtransactions. This article suggests that to properly understand Fortnite’s practices \textendash which we predict will become more widely adopted in the video game industry in the near future \textendash we need an additional perspective. Fortnite is not only designed for hyper-engagement; its search for continued growth and sustained relevance is driving its transformation from being a mere video game into a content delivery platform. This means that third parties can offer non game-related services to players within Fortnite’s immersive game experience. In this paper, we draw on an ethical theory of manipulation (which defines manipulation as an ethically problematic influence on a person’s behaviour) to explore whether the gaming experience offered by Fortnite harbours manipulative potential. To legally address the manipulative potential of commercial video game practices such as the ones found in Fortnite, we turn to European data protection and consumer protection law. More specifically, we explore how the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation and Unfair Commercial Practices Directive can provide regulators with tools to address Fortnite’s manipulative potential and to make Fortnite (more) forthright.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Het geheim van de ministerraad},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Mediaforum_2021_3.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-01},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {33},

number = {3},

pages = {97},

abstract = {Opinie naar aanleiding van het openbaar maken op 26 april 2021 van de notulen van de ministerraad inzake de problemen rond de kinderopvangtoeslag. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2021b,

title = {Regulation of news recommenders in the Digital Services Act: empowering David against the Very Large Online Goliath},

author = {Helberger, N. and Drunen, M. van and Vrijenhoek, S. and M\"{o}ller, J.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/regulation-news-recommenders-digital-services-act-empowering-david-against-very-large},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-26},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Quintais2021GRURInt,

title = {How to License Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms under the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive},

author = {Quintais, J. and Husovec, M.},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa200





},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikaa200},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-18},

journal = {GRUR International - Journal of European and International IP Law},

volume = {70},

number = {4},

pages = {325-348},

abstract = {Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive is a major internet policy experiment of our decade. The provision fundamentally changes copyright regulation of certain digital platforms. However, the precise nature of Article 17 is far from clear. How does it fit the existing structure of EU copyright law and doctrine? How can the Member States implement it? These are the questions at the heart of this article. To answer them, we start by examining the nature and structure of the right prescribed in Article 17. The exact qualification brings important legal consequences. Among others, it determines the conditions imposed by EU and international law on national implementations. After reviewing different interpretation options, we conclude that Article 17 introduces either a ‘special’ or a ‘new’ sui generis right, both of which allow significant margin of discretion for Member States, especially as regards licensing mechanisms and exceptions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{QuintaisJutte2021,

title = {The Pelham Chronicles: Sampling, Copyright and Fundamental Rights},

author = {Quintais, J. and Jutte, B.J.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3775599},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpab040},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-18},

journal = {Journal of Intellectual Property Law \& Practice},

volume = {16},

number = {3},

pages = {213-225},

abstract = {On 29 July 2019 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU or Court) rendered its long-awaited judgment in Pelham. This judgement was published together, but not jointly, with those on Spiegel Online and Funke Medien. A bit less than a year later, on 30 April 2020, the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof or BGH), which had referred the cases to Luxembourg, rendered its judgments in all three cases. There are obvious parallels between these judgments, and their combined relevance for the interpretation of European copyright law in the light of EU fundamental rights cannot be understated.



This article focuses on Pelham, or the “Metall auf Metall” saga, as it is known in Germany. It analyses the relevant aspects and impact of Pelham in EU copyright law and examines how the BGH implemented the guidance provided by the CJEU. Where relevant, we draw the parallels to Funke Medien and Spiegel Online. Pelham gave the Court the opportunity to define the scope of the related right of reproduction of phonogram producers in art. 2(c) of Directive 2001/29/EC (InfoSoc Directive). The question whether such right enjoys the same scope of protection as the reproduction right for authorial works had made its way through the German courts for a remarkable two decades. This saga included a constitutional complaint, which in 2016 answered the question in the affirmative. The BGH’s preliminary reference to the CJEU was particularly important because on the back of the reproduction question it sought to clarify issues with fundamental rights implications, in particular the scope of the quotation right or defence and its application to musical creativity in the form of sampling.



This article proceeds as follows. After this introduction, we briefly revisit the Pelham saga in its journey through the German and European courts, providing he context to the underlying legal issues (2). We then turn to the interpretation of the scope of the reproduction and distribution rights for phonograms (3) before examining the CJEU’s assessment of the systematic nature of exceptions and limitations (E\&Ls) (4). We then discuss the wider implications of Pelham on the role of fundamental right in copyright law (5). We conclude with some doctrinal and practical observations on the wider implications of the “Metall auf Metall”-saga (6). },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hilty2021,

title = {Opinion: International Instrument on Permitted Uses in Copyright Law},

author = {Hilty, R.M. and K\"{o}kl\"{u}, K. and Moscon, V. and Correa, C. and Dusollier, S. and Geiger, C. and Griffiths, J. and Grosse Ruse-Khan, H. and Kur, A. and Lin, X. and Markiewics, R. and N\'{e}risson, S. and Peukert, A. and Senftleben, M. and Xalabarder, R. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IIC_2021_opinion.pdf},

doi = {10.1007/s40319-020-00999-8},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-04},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {52},

pages = {62-67},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {In Memoriam Jan de Meij 1938-2020},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TvCR-2021_2-In-Memoriam-Jan-de-Meij.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-02},

journal = {Tijdschrift voor Constitutioneel Recht},

volume = {12},

number = {2},

pages = {94-96},

abstract = {Terugblik op het leven van prof. J.M. de Meij, hoogleraar staats- en bestuursrecht aan de UvA, die overleed op 31 december 2020.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Keller2021b,

title = {Article 17: (Mis)understanding the intent of the legislator},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/01/28/article-17-misunderstanding-the-intent-of-the-legislator/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-28},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Quintais2021KPB,

title = {Trends And Developments In Artificial Intelligence: Challenges To Patent Law},

author = {Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J. and P.B. Hugenholtz},

url = {http://patentblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/01/27/trends-and-developments-in-artificial-intelligence-challenges-to-patent-law/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-27},

organization = {Kluwer Patent Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@misc{Irion2021,

title = {AI Regulation in the European Union and Trade Law: How can accountability of AI and a high level of consumer protection prevail over a trade law discipline on source code?, study commissioned by the Vzbv, Amsterdam: Institute for Information Law, 2021},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/irion_study_ai_and_trade_21-01-26-2/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-26},

abstract = {The Federation of German Consumer Organisations (Verbraucherzentrale Bun-desverband \textendash vzbv) has commissioned this study from the Institute for Information Law (IViR) at the University of Amsterdam, in order to shed light on the cross-border supply of AI technology and its impact on EU consumer rights. In the current negotiations on electronic commerce at the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the EU supports the introduction \textendash in the legal text \textendash of a clause which prohibits the participating countries to introduce \textendash in their national laws \textendash measures that require access to, or transfer of, the source code of software, with some exceptions. This is a cause for concern for experts and rights advocates, as such a clause \textendash if not carefully conditioned \textendash can prevent future EU regulation of AI that may be harmful to consumers. This study concludes that the source code clause within trade law indeed restricts the EU’s right to regulate in the field of AI governance in several important ways.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {misc}

}

@article{Keller2021bb,

title = {Divergence instead of guidance: the Article 17 implementation discussion in 2020 \textendash Part 2},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/01/22/divergence-instead-of-guidance-the-article-17-implementation-discussion-in-2020-part-2/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-22},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Keller2021bb,

title = {Divergence instead of guidance: the Article 17 implementation discussion in 2020 \textendash Part 1},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/01/21/divergence-instead-of-guidance-the-article-17-implementation-discussion-in-2020-part-1/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-21},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Janssen2021,

title = {Decentralised Data Processing: Personal Data Stores and the GDPR},

author = {Janssen, H. and Cobbe, J. and Norval, C. and Singh, J.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3570895

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IDPL-2021-4.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipaa016},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-04},

journal = {International Data Privacy Law},

volume = {10},

number = {4},

pages = {356-384},

abstract = {When it comes to online services, users have limited control over how their personal data is processed. This is partly due to the nature of the business models of those services, where data is typically stored and aggregated in data centres. This has recently led to the development of technologies aiming at leveraging user control over the processing of their personal data.

Personal Data Stores (“PDSs”) represent a class of these technologies; PDSs provide users with a device, enabling them to capture, aggregate and manage their personal data. The device provides tools for users to control and monitor access, sharing and computation over data on their device. The motivation for PDSs are described as (i) to assist users with their confidentiality and privacy concerns, and/or (ii) to provide opportunities for users to transact with or otherwise monetise their data.

While PDSs potentially might enable some degree of user empowerment, they raise interesting considerations and uncertainties in relation to the responsibilities under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). More specifically, the designations of responsibilities among key parties involved in PDS ecosystems are unclear. Further, the technical architecture of PDSs appears to restrict certain lawful grounds for processing, while technical means to identify certain category data, as proposed by some, may remain theoretical.

We explore the considerations, uncertainties, and limitations of PDSs with respect to some key obligations under the GDPR. As PDS technologies continue to develop and proliferate, potentially providing an alternative to centralised approaches to data processing, we identify issues which require consideration by regulators, PDS platform providers and technologists.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Janssen2021b,

title = {Personal Data Stores: a user-centric privacy utopia?},

author = {Janssen, H. and Cobbe, J. and Singh, J.},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-04},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Sax2021,

title = {Optimization of what? For-profit health apps as manipulative digital environments},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-020-09576-6},

doi = {10.1007/s10676-020-09576-6},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-03},

urldate = {2021-01-03},

journal = {Ethics and Information Technology},

volume = {23},

number = {3},

pages = {345-361},

abstract = {Mobile health applications (‘health apps’) that promise the user to help her with some aspect of her health are very popular: for-profit apps such as MyFitnessPal, Fitbit, or Headspace have tens of millions of users each. For-profit health apps are designed and run as optimization systems. One would expect that these health apps aim to optimize the health of the user, but in reality they aim to optimize user engagement and, in effect, conversion. This is problematic, I argue, because digital health environments that aim to optimize user engagement risk being manipulative. To develop this argument, I first provide a brief analysis of the underlying business models and the resulting designs of the digital environments provided by popular for-profit health apps. In a second step, I present a concept of manipulation that can help analyze digital environments such as health apps. In the last part of the article, I use my concept of manipulation to analyze the manipulative potential of for-profit health apps. Although for-profit health can certainly empower their users, the conditions for empowerment also largely overlap with the conditions for manipulation. As a result, we should be cautious when embracing the empowerment discourse surrounding health apps. An additional aim of this article is to contribute to the rapidly growing literature on digital choice architectures and the ethics of influencing behavior through such choice architectures. I take health apps to be a paradigmatic example of digital choice architectures that give rise to ethical questions, so my analysis of the manipulative potential of health apps can also inform the larger literature on digital choice architectures.},

note = {Preprint available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3752597},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Keller2020bb,

title = {Finnish Article 17 implementation proposal prohibits the use of automated upload filters},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/12/23/finnish-article-17-implementation-proposal-prohibits-the-use-of-automated-upload-filters/},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-23},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ferrari2020b,

title = {Crosshatching Privacy: Financial Intermediaries’ Data Practices Between Law Enforcement and Data Economy},

author = {Ferrari, V.},

url = {https://edpl.lexxion.eu/article/EDPL/2020/4/8

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/edpl_2020_04.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2020/4/8},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-22},

journal = {European Data Protection Law Review},

volume = {6},

number = {4},

pages = {522-535},

abstract = {Financial data are key to various law enforcement processes, including criminal investigations, anti-money laundering strategies and the implementation of national fiscal policies. However, financial data also qualify as personal data. While law enforcement objectives can derogate certain privacy-related legal safeguards, private financial firms should, in principle, comply with the privacy standards upheld by GDPR. Highlighting the most critical trends of the current financial industry (i.e. commercial exploitation of data; international dimension of financial informational networks; use of automated processing and decision-making tools), the present paper analyses how privacy and law enforcement priorities interplay in determining the governance of financial data. We conclude by recognizing that privacy loopholes exist in the current financial industry’s data practices, and that - as payments tend to be increasingly performed in digital manners, exponentially increasing the availability of financial data - privacy-enhancing payment methods should be encouraged and legitimised.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2020h,

title = {Artikel 18-23 DSM-richtlijn: Exploitatiecontracten},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2020_6.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-18},

journal = {AMI},

volume = {2020},

number = {6},

pages = {187-192},

abstract = {De DSM-richtlijn van 17 april 2019 bevat een zestal bepalingen op het gebied van het auteurscontractenrecht. Artikelen 18 tot en met 23 hebben niet alleen betrekking op de ‘billijke vergoeding van auteurs en uitvoerende kunstenaars in exploitatiecontracten’, zoals het opschrift van titel IV, hoofdstuk 3 van de richtlijn belooft, maar ook op transparantie, geschillenbeslechting en het recht op herroeping van verleende rechten. Hoewel de meeste van deze onderwerpen reeds een plaats hebben gevonden in hoofdstuk 1a van de huidige Auteurswet, noopt de richtlijn op

een aantal punten tot wetswijziging. Dat geldt in het bijzonder voor de transparantieplicht, die in de huidige wet niet voorkomt. In deze bijdrage, onderdeel van een reeks van AMI-artikelen over de DSM-richtlijn, worden de auteurscontractenrechtelijke bepalingen van de richtlijn en de omzetting ervan besproken.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2020g,

title = {Trends and Developments in Artificial Intelligence: Challenges to Copyright},

author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/12/16/trends-and-developments-in-artificial-intelligence-challenges-to-copyright/},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-17},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{Betzel2020,

title = {Notions of Disinformation and Related Concepts },

author = {Betzel, M. and Fahy, R. and Helberger, N. and Marrazzo, F. and Matv{e}jka, S. and Nyakas, L. and Papp, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ERGA-SG2-Report-2020-Notions-of-disinformation-and-related-concepts.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-11},

abstract = {Previous work of the European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA) has shown that the definitions used by the European Commission, Member States and online platforms for the different phenomena of disinformation deviate and should be further clarified in order to ensure a consistent approach. The aim of this Report is to provide for clearer and more uniform definitions of disinformation to ensure optimal guidance to all actors involved and contribute to more consistency within the national approaches. The Report also aims to assist in coming to clearer definitions and ensure more consistency and uniformity regarding the notions of political advertising and issue-based advertising. The information for this report was collected through various means including an examination of existing academic research, interviews with relevant stakeholders, particularly from the civil society and media. The scope of the survey was not limited to the single notion of disinformation but also covered concepts that are usually associated with disinformation such as misinformation, malinformation, fake news, false news, false information, and foreign influence operations. Information was collected on definitions, interpretations, and understandings of disinformation and related concepts available in the legislation and other regulation including (self-regulatory) codes and guidelines of ERGA members and observers. The Report concludes with identifying key relevant elements and characteristics of the notions of disinformation, political advertising, and related concepts, and includes recommendations to assist in coming to clearer definitions regarding disinformation, political advertising and issue-based advertising.},

note = {ERGA report},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Bod\'{o}2020c,

title = {Can scholarly pirate libraries bridge the knowledge access gap? An empirical study on the structural conditions of book piracy in global and European academia},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Antal, D. and Puha, Z.},

url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/articl=10.1371/journal.pone.0242509

},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0242509},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-04},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {15},

number = {12},

abstract = {Library Genesis is one of the oldest and largest illegal scholarly book collections online. Without the authorization of copyright holders, this shadow library hosts and makes more than 2 million scholarly publications, monographs, and textbooks available. This paper analyzes a set of weblogs of one of the Library Genesis mirrors, provided to us by one of the service’s administrators. We reconstruct the social and economic factors that drive the global and European demand for illicit scholarly literature. In particular, we test if lower income regions can compensate for the shortcomings in legal access infrastructures by more intensive use of illicit open resources. We found that while richer regions are the most intensive users of shadow libraries, poorer regions face structural limitations that prevent them from fully capitalizing on freely accessible knowledge. We discuss these findings in the wider context of open access publishing, and point out that open access knowledge, if not met with proper knowledge absorption infrastructures, has limited usefulness in addressing knowledge access and production inequalities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Irion2020d,

title = {Panta rhei: A European Perspective on Ensuring a High-Level of Protection of Digital Human Rights in a World in Which Everything Flows},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3638864},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-30},

journal = {Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2020},

number = {38},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{Hugenholtz2020f,

title = {Trends and Developments in Artificial Intelligence: Challenges to the Intellectual Property Rights Framework: Final Report},

author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J. and Hartmann, C. and Allan, J.},

url = {https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/394345a1-2ecf-11eb-b27b-01aa75ed71a1/language-en

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Trends_and_Developments_in_Artificial_Intelligence-1.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-27},

abstract = {This report examines copyright and patent protection in Europe for AI-assisted outputs in general and in three priority domains: science (in particular, meteorology), media (journalism), and pharmaceutical research. It comprises an assessment of the state of the art of uses of AI in the three focus areas, and a legal analysis of how IP laws currently apply to AI-assisted creative and innovative outputs. The report concludes that the current state of the art in AI does not require or justify immediate substantive changes in copyright and patent law in Europe. The existing concepts of copyright and patent law are sufficiently abstract and flexible to meet the current challenges from AI. In addition, related rights regimes potentially extend to ‘authorless’ AI productions in a variety of sectors, and the sui generis database right may offer protection to AI-produced databases resulting from substantial investment. However, taking into account the practical implications of AI technologies, the report identifies specific avenues for future legal reform (if justified by empirical evidence), offers recommendations for improvements in the application of existing rules (e.g. via guidelines), and highlights the need to study the role of alternative IP regimes to protect AI-assisted outputs, such as trade secret protection, unfair competition and contract law.},

note = {Report written for the European Commission by P.B. Hugenholtz, D. Gervais, J.P. Quintais, C. Hartmann \& J. Allan, completed September 2020. ISBN: 97892762244488},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@inbook{Senftleben2020f,

title = {Signs Eligible for Trademark Protection - Dysfunctional Incentives and a Functionality Dilemma in the EU},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3717753

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Signs_Eligible_for_Trademark_Protection.pdf

https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108399456.014},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-26},

pages = {209-225},

abstract = {In the European Union (EU), the criteria for determining a sign’s eligibility for trademark protection are harmonized to a large extent. On the one hand, the trademark legislation and office practices in EU Member States have to keep within the harmonized legal framework set forth in the EU Trade Mark Directive (TMD). On the other hand, the European Union Trade Mark Regulation (EUTMR) provides for a set of eligibility criteria that apply to European Union Trade Marks (EUTM) with equal effect throughout the EU territory. As the rules in the Regulation are in line with those in the Directive, the two legislative instruments constitute a robust body of harmonized norms informing the decision on the registration of a sign as a trademark. The harmonizing effect is enhanced by the fact that national courts have to refer questions relating to the application and interpretation of eligibility criteria to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU).

As in other regions of the world, the criteria applied to determine eligibility for trademark protection are quite flexible in the EU. The open-ended definition of protectable subject matter leaves room for the extension of trademark protection to non-traditional types of marks, such as shape, sound and colour marks. Trademark offices applying EU trademark law have also accepted, for instance, abstract colours and colour combinations, motion and multimedia marks, melodies and sounds, taste marks, hologram marks and position marks.

The analysis of the trend to register non-traditional marks in the EU outlines the legal framework which the CJEU developed to assess the eligibility of non-traditional types of source identifiers for trademark protection. On this basis, it discusses the objective to safeguard freedom of competition and the legal instruments which the CJEU employs for this purpose: the requirement of providing evidence of the acquisition of distinctive character through use in trade and the categorical exclusion of functional signs from trademark protection. Drawing conclusions, it will become apparent that the basic requirement of distinctive character plays an ambiguous role in the regulation of access to trademark protection for non-traditional marks. It is both an obstacle to trademark protection and an incentive for enhanced investment in non-traditional types of marks.},

note = {Chapter in: Cambridge Handbook on International and Comparative Trademark Law, I. Calboli \& J.C. Ginsburg (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2020.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{Senftleben2020g,

title = {Intermediary Liability and Trade Mark Infringement - Proliferation of Filter Obligations in Civil Law Jurisdictions?},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Intermediary_Liability_and_Trade_Mark_Infringement.pdf

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3736919

https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198837138.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780198837138},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-26},

pages = {381-403},

abstract = {The erosion of the safe harbour for hosting in the EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive) leads to a remarkable climate change in the field of EU copyright law and the civil law jurisdictions of continental EU Member States. Inevitably, it raises the question of potential repercussions on the safe harbour for hosting and filtering standards in trademark cases. Even though online marketplaces are explicitly exempted from the new copyright rules and the CDSM Directive is not intended to neutralize the safe harbour for hosting in trademark cases, the adoption of a more restrictive approach in copyright law may quicken the appetite of trademark proprietors for similar measures in trademark law.

The extension of the new copyright approach to trademark cases, however, is unlikely to yield satisfactory results.Due to the different conceptual contours of trademark rights, a system mimicking the filtering obligations following from the CDSM Directive would give trademark proprietors excessive control over the use of their trademarks in the digital environment. Such an overbroad system of automated, algorithmic filtering would encroach upon the fundamental guarantee of freedom of expression and freedom of competition. It is likely to have a chilling effect on legitimate descriptive use of trademarks, comparative advertising, advertising by resellers, information about alternative offers in the marketplace, and use criticizing or commenting upon trademarked products.

As a result, consumers would receive less diverse information on goods and services and the free movement of goods and services in the internal market would be curtailed. The reliability of the internet as an independent source of trademark-related information would be put at risk. The analysis, thus, leads to the insight that a proliferation of the new filtering obligations in copyright law is undesirable and should be avoided.},

note = {Chapter in: Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability, G.F. Frosio (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@online{Quintais2020d,

title = {CIPIL Evening Webinar: 'Article 17 and the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms' },

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {https://youtu.be/f1tGV_IdueQ },

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-17},

abstract = {This presentation addresses the hottest topic in EU copyright law and policy: Article 17 of the new Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive (2019/790). The CDSM Directive is the culmination of a controversial political and legislative process at EU level. None of its provisions has caused greater debate than Article 17, which introduces a new liability regime for "online content-sharing service providers". These include most user-generated content platforms hosting copyright-protected content accessed daily by millions of individuals in the EU and across the globe. Even before the CDSM Directive is implemented into national law, the issues surrounding Article 17 have already spilled out to the policy and judicial arenas. At the policy level, the debates taking place in a number of Commission-led Stakeholder Dialogues have laid bare many of the unresolved challenges ahead for national legislators and courts. At the judicial level, the Polish government has filed an action for annulment with the CJEU under Article 263 TFEU, focusing on the most problematic aspects of Article 17. This presentation will first place Article 17 into its broader EU policy context of the discussion on the responsibilities of online platforms \textendash from the agenda on "Tackling Illegal Content Online" to the Digital Services Act \textendash and the narrow copyright context regarding the liability of intermediary platforms for third-party content they host. This will be followed by an explanation of the complex mechanics of Article 17 and an identification of some of its fundamental problems. Finally, some tentative proposals will be advanced for how to begin to address such problems, focusing on the core issues of licensing mechanisms and fundamental rights safeguards.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@techreport{vanHoboken2020d,

title = {WODC-onderzoek: Voorziening voor verzoeken tot snelle verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content},

author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and van Duin, A. and Blom, T. and Zarouali, B. and Fahy, R. and Steel, M. and Stringhi, E. and Helberger, N.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/WODC_voorziening_onrechtmatige_content.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-12},

abstract = {Dit onderzoek is uitgegeven als onderdeel van het speerpunt van de Minister voor Rechtsbescherming om de positie van slachtoffers van onrechtmatige uitingen op het internet te verbeteren. Aanleiding is dat het voor mensen als te moeilijk ervaren wordt om onrechtmatige online content snel verwijderd te krijgen. Dit rapport biedt inzicht in de juridische en praktische haalbaarheid van een voorziening voor de verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content die mensen persoonlijk raakt. Onrechtmatige content is informatie, door mensen op het internet geplaatst, die in strijd is met het recht, vanwege de schadelijke gevolgen ervan en/of omdat de belangen van anderen daardoor op ernstige wijze worden aangetast. Hierbij moet, bijvoorbeeld, gedacht worden aan bedreigingen, privacy-inbreuken of wraakporno. Het doel van de onderzochte voorziening is om mensen in staat te stellen deze onrechtmatige online content zo snel mogelijk te verwijderen. Het onderzoek focust op onrechtmatige online content die mensen in hun persoon raakt en daarmee onder het recht op priv\'{e}leven uit artikel 8 Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens (“EVRM”) valt.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@book{nokey,

title = {The Copyright/Trademark Interface: How the Expansion of Trademark Protection Is Stifling Cultural Creativity},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

isbn = {9789403523705},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-12},

number = {44},

publisher = {Kluwer Law International},

series = {Information Law Series},

abstract = {The Copyright/Trademark Interface is an exceptional analysis of the clash between culture and commerce, and the imbalances caused by protection overlaps arising from cumulative copyright and trademark protection. This book highlights the corrosive effect of indefinitely renewable trademark rights. It underscores the necessity to safeguard central preconditions for the proper functioning of the copyright system in society at large: the freedom to use pre-existing works as reference points for the artistic discourse and building blocks for new creations need to ensure the constant enrichment of the public domain. The registration of cultural icons as trademarks has become a standard protection strategy in contemporary cultural productions. It plays an augmented role in the area of cultural heritage. Attempts to register and ‘evergreen’ the protection of cultural signs, ranging from ‘Mickey Mouse’ to the ‘Mona Lisa’, are no longer unusual. This phenomenon, which is characterized by the EFTA Court as trademark registrations and is triggered by ‘commercial greed’, has become typical of an era where trademark law is employed strategically to restrain or eliminate cultural symbols from the public domain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@article{Keller2020d,

title = {CJEU hearing in the Polish challenge to Article 17: Not even the supporters of the provision agree on how it should work},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/11/11/cjeu-hearing-in-the-polish-challenge-to-article-17-not-even-the-supporters-of-the-provision-agree-on-how-it-should-work/},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-11},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dommering2020i,

title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 5 februari 2020 (NJCM c.s. / Staat der Nederlanden - SyRI-wetgeving)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2020_386.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-10},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {45},

pages = {6792-6795},

abstract = {De SyRI-wetgeving voldoet niet aan de in art. 8 lid 2 EVRM gestelde eis dat de inmenging in de uitoefening van het recht op respect voor het priv\'{e}leven noodzakelijk is in een democratische samenleving, dat wil zeggen noodzakelijk, evenredig (proportioneel) en subsidiair in relatie tot het beoogde doel.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{Drunen2020b,

title = {News Recommenders and Cooperative Explainability: Confronting the contextual complexity in AI explanations},

author = {Drunen, M. van and Ausloos, J. and Appelman, N. and Helberger, N.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Visiepaper-explainable-AI-final.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-11-03},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{Senftleben2020e,

title = {The Odyssey of the Prohibition on General Monitoring Obligations on the Way to the Digital Services Act: Between Article 15 of the E-Commerce Directive and Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Angelopoulos, C.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3717022},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-29},

abstract = {EU law provides explicitly that intermediaries may not be obliged to monitor their service in a general manner in order to detect and prevent the illegal activity of their users. However, a misunderstanding of the difference between monitoring specific content and monitoring FOR specific content is a recurrent theme in the debate on intermediary liability and a central driver of the controversy surrounding it. Rightly understood, a prohibited general monitoring obligation arises whenever content \textendash no matter how specifically it is defined \textendash must be identified among the totality of the content on a platform. The moment platform content must be screened in its entirety, the monitoring obligation acquires an excessive, general nature. Against this background, a content moderation duty can only be deemed permissible if it is specific in respect of both the protected subject matter and potential infringers.



This requirement of 'double specificity' is of particular importance because it prevents encroachments upon fundamental rights. The jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union has shed light on the anchorage of the general monitoring ban in primary EU law, in particular the right to the protection of personal data, the freedom of expression and information, the freedom to conduct a business, and the free movement of goods and services in the internal market. Due to their higher rank in the norm hierarchy, these legal guarantees constitute common ground for the application of the general monitoring prohibition in secondary EU legislation, namely Article 15(1) of the E-Commerce Directive ('ECD') and Article 17(8) of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market ('CDSMD').



With regard to the Digital Services Act (‘DSA’), this result of the analysis implies that any further manifestation of the general monitoring ban in the DSA would have to be construed and applied \textendash in the light of applicable CJEU case law \textendash as a safeguard against encroachments upon the aforementioned fundamental rights and freedoms. If the final text of the DSA does not contain a reiteration of the prohibition of general monitoring obligations known from Article 15(1) ECD and Article 17(8) CDSMD, the regulation of internet service provider liability, duties of care and injunctions would still have to avoid inroads into the aforementioned fundamental rights and freedoms and observe the principle of proportionality. The double specificity requirement plays a central role in this respect.},

note = {Amsterdam: Institute for Information Law \& Cambridge: Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@inbook{Fahy2020b,

title = {Netherlands/Research},

author = {Fahy, R. and Appelman, N.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Automating-Society-Report-2020.pdf

https://automatingsociety.algorithmwatch.org/},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-29},

pages = {164-175},

abstract = {How are AI-based systems being used by private companies and public authorities in Europe? The new report by AlgorithmWatch and Bertelsmann Stiftung sheds light on what role automated decision-making (ADM) systems play in our lives. As a result of the most comprehensive research on the issue conducted in Europe so far, the report covers the current use of and policy debates around ADM systems in 16 European countries and at EU level.},

note = {Chapter in: Report Automating Society 2020, Chiusi, F., Fischer, S., Kayser-Bril, N. \& Spielkamp, M. eds., Berlin: AlgorithmWatch, October 2020.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@techreport{vanGompel2020b,

title = {Evaluatie Wet Auteurscontractenrecht: Eindrapport},

author = {van Gompel, S. and Hugenholtz, P. and Poort, J. and Schumacher, L.D. and Visser, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/evaluatie_wet_auteurscontractenrecht_2020.pdf

https://www.wodc.nl/wodc-nieuws-2020/auteurscontractenrecht.aspx

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Evaluatie-ACR-Eindrapport-Summary-and-conclusions.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-29},

abstract = {Onderzoek in opdracht van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC), ministerie van Justitie \& Veiligheid.



Van de Wet Auteurscontractenrecht, die ten doel heeft om de contractuele positie van auteurs en uitvoerende kunstenaars te versterken, wordt in de praktijk nog weinig gebruik gemaakt. De Wet, die in 2015 als een nieuw onderdeel van de Auteurswet werd ingevoerd, belooft auteurs en artiesten die met exploitanten in zee gaan een ‘billijke vergoeding', geeft makers de kans om contracten open te breken en verbiedt oneerlijke contractsbepalingen. Auteurs en artiesten blijken maar zelden op de bepalingen van de Wet een beroep te doen. Daarbij lijkt de angst voor verlies aan opdrachten of om op een zwarte lijst te komen een belangrijke rol te spelen. Ook blijkt de door de Wet in het leven geroepen laagdrempelige geschillenprocedure nauwelijks te functioneren. Dit zijn enkele van de conclusies van een praktijkevaluatie van de Wet Auteurscontractenrecht die door onderzoekers van de Universiteit van Amsterdam en de Universiteit Leiden in opdracht van het WODC is uitgevoerd.



See also the summary and conclusions in English at the link below.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2020e,

title = {Annotatie bij HvJ EU 29 juli 2019, C-469/17 (Funke), C-516/17 (Spiegel) \& C-4476/17 (Pelham)},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2020_354.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-23},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {43},

pages = {6068-6073},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Senftleben2020,

title = {Institutionalized Algorithmic Enforcement - The Pros and Cons of the EU Approach to UGC Platform Liability},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3565175

https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/lawreview/vol14/iss2/11/},

doi = {10.25148/lawrev.14.2.11},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-20},

journal = {Florida International University Law Review},

volume = {14},

number = {2},

pages = {299-328},

abstract = {Algorithmic copyright enforcement \textendash the use of automated filtering tools to detect infringing content before it appears on the internet \textendash has a deep impact on the freedom of users to upload and share information. Instead of presuming that user-generated content ("UGC") does not amount to infringement unless copyright owners take action and provide proof, the default position of automated filtering systems is that every upload is suspicious and that copyright owners are entitled to ex ante control over the sharing of information online. If platform providers voluntarily introduce algorithmic enforcement measures, this may be seen as a private decision following from the freedom of companies to run their business as they wish. If, however, copyright legislation institutionalizes algorithmic enforcement and imposes a legal obligation on platform providers to employ automated filtering tools, the law itself transforms copyright into a censorship and filtering instrument. Nonetheless, the new EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (“DSM Directive”) follows this path and requires the employment of automated filtering tools to ensure that unauthorized protected content does not populate UGC platforms. The new EU rules on UGC licensing and screening will inevitably lead to the adoption of algorithmic enforcement measures in practice. Without automated content control, UGC platforms will be unable to escape liability for infringing user uploads.

To provide a complete picture, however, it is important to also shed light on counterbalances which may distinguish this new, institutionalized form of algorithmic enforcement from known content filtering tools that have evolved as voluntary measures in the private sector. The DSM Directive underlines the necessity to safeguard user freedoms that support transformative, creative remixes and mash-ups of pre-existing content. This feature of the new legislation may offer important incentives to develop algorithmic tools that go beyond the mere identification of unauthorized takings from protected works. It has the potential to encourage content assessment mechanisms that factor the degree of transformative effort and user creativity into the equation. As a result, more balanced content filtering tools may emerge in the EU. Against this background, the analysis shows that the new EU legislation not only escalates the use of algorithmic enforcement measures that already commenced in the private sector years ago. If rightly implemented, it may also add an important nuance to existing content identification tools and alleviate the problems arising from reliance on automated filtering mechanisms.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}