@article{nokey,

title = {Polen is plotseling de verdediger van de Europese grondwet. Een beschouwing over de zaak Polen/Europees Parlement: HvJ EU 22 april 2022, zaak C-401/19},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/auteursrecht_2022_4/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-31},

urldate = {2023-01-31},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

volume = {2022},

issue = {4},

pages = {219-227},

abstract = {Dit artikel bevat een inleiding waarin de verandering in de communicatienetwerkomgeving wordt geschetst om te verduidelijken dat het systeem van de e-Commercerichtlijn niet goed meer past, maar waar toch nog dikwijls aan wordt gerefereerd (par. 1). Vervolgens wordt stilgestaan bij de constitutionele toetsing die het VEU introduceert (par. 2). Hiermee hangt samen dat een abstracte constitutionele toetsing aan de beperkingsclausules van het Handvest ingewikkeld is, een aspect dat in deze vorm in het auteursrecht nog niet eerder aan de orde is geweest (par. 3). Dat een dergelijke constitutionele

toetsing heel verschillend kan worden aangepakt, blijkt uit de conclusie van de A-G en het Hof, die daarom tegenover de aanpak van het Hof wordt gezet (par. 4 en 5). Het artikel rondt af met een analyse dat de inzet van de zaak is vrijheid van meningsuiting, maar dat het resultaat is meer overheidsinvloed op de filtertechnieken die censuur moeten voorkomen (par. 6).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash fourth trimester of 2022},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2023/01/13/eu-copyright-law-round-up-fourth-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-13},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Popularity-driven Metrics: Audience Analytics and Shifting Opinion Power to Digital Platforms},

author = {Dodds, T. and Vreese, C. de and Helberger, N. and Resendez, V. and Seipp, T.},

doi = {10.1080/1461670X.2023.2167104},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-06},

urldate = {2023-01-06},

journal = {Journalism Studies},

abstract = {As digital technologies have made their way into news production, allowing news organizations to measure audience behaviors and engagement in real-time, click-based and editorial goals have become increasingly intertwined. Ongoing developments in algorithmic technologies allow editors to bring their audience into the newsroom using specialized tools such as Chartbeat or Google Analytics. This article examines how these technologies have affected the composition of the audience and their power to influence news-making processes inside two Chilean newsrooms. Drawing on several months of newsroom ethnography, we identify how the pursuit of “clickable news” impacts editorial processes and journalistic priorities by changing the datafied audience opinion power behind news production. Shifts in opinion power, loss of control, and increased platform dependency may contribute to a concentrated media landscape. Our findings show that opinion power has shifted to a datafied version of the audience, raising new questions about platform dependency and editorial autonomy in media organizations. These results carry significant implications for understanding the chase for traffic in current multiplatform newsrooms and how this phenomenon impacts news production.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Dealing with Opinion Power in the Platform World: Why We Really Have to Rethink Media Concentration Law},

author = {Seipp, T. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de and Ausloos, J.},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2161924},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-03},

urldate = {2023-01-03},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {The platformised news environment affects audiences, challenges the news media’s role, and transforms the media ecosystem. Digital platform companies influence opinion formation and hence wield “opinion power,” a normatively and constitutionally rooted notion that captures the core of media power in democracy and substantiates why that power must be distributed. Media concentration law is the traditional tool to prevent predominant opinion power from emerging but is, in its current form, not applicable to the platform context. We demonstrate how the nature of opinion power is changing and shifting from news media to platforms and distinguish three levels of opinion power: (1) the individual citizen, (2) the institutional newsroom and (3) the media ecosystem. The reconceptualization at the three levels provides a framework to develop future (non-)regulatory responses that address (1) the shifting influence over individual news consumption and exposure, (2) the changing power dynamics within automated, datafied and platform-dependent newsrooms, and (3) the systemic power of platforms and structural dependencies in the media ecosystem. We demonstrate that as the nature of opinion power is changing, so must the tools of control.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Irion2022e,

title = {De uitspraak C-817/19 van het HvJ EU inzake de PNR-richtlijn en de gevolgen voor nationale implementatiewetgeving en in het bijzonder de Nederlandse PNR-wet},

author = {Irion, K. and Es, R. van},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/preprint_irion_van-es_pnr-richtlijn/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-30},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {2022},

number = {6},

pages = {185-192},

abstract = {Op 21 juni 2022 heeft het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU of Hof) een uitspraak gewezen in de zaak Ligue des droits humains.  Centraal in deze uitspraak staat de geldigheid van de Richtlijn (EU) 2016/681 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 27 april 2016 over het gebruik van persoonsgegevens van passagiers (PNR-gegevens) voor het voorkomen, opsporen, onderzoeken en vervolgen van terroristische misdrijven en ernstige criminaliteit (PNR-richtlijn).  In deze uitspraak legt het Hof interpretatieve beperkingen op met betrekking tot de omvang en de reikwijdte van de EU-brede beveiligingspraktijk rond luchtvaartpassagiersgegevens. Deze uitspraak zal de lidstaten vrijwel zeker dwingen de nodige wijzigingen in hun nationale implementatiewetgeving en praktijken aan te brengen, hetgeen zeer moeilijke praktische en juridische kwesties voor de lidstaten oplevert.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Freedom of Expression and the EU’s Ban on Russia Today: A Dangerous Rubicon Crossed},

author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4322452},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-22},

urldate = {2022-12-22},

journal = {Communications Law},

volume = {27},

issue = {4},

pages = {186-193},

abstract = {In RT France v Council, the General Court of the European Union found that the ban on RT France in the EU did not violate the right to freedom of expression and media freedom, under Article 11 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Notably, the General Court sought to apply principles from case law of the European Court of Human Rights and international human rights law. This article argues that there are serious questions to be raised over the General Court’s reasoning in RT France, and the judgment arguably represents a deeply problematic application of European and international free expression principles.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Towards a Normative Perspective on Journalistic AI: Embracing the Messy Reality of Normative Ideals},

author = {Helberger, N. and Drunen, M. van and M\"{o}ller, J. and Vrijenhoek, S. and Eskens, S.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digital_journalism_2022_10/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2152195},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-22},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

volume = {10},

issue = {10},

pages = {1605-1626},

abstract = {Few would disagree that AI systems and applications need to be “responsible,” but what is “responsible” and how to answer that question? Answering that question requires a normative perspective on the role of journalistic AI and the values it shall serve. Such a perspective needs to be grounded in a broader normative framework and a thorough understanding of the dynamics and complexities of journalistic AI at the level of people, newsrooms and media markets. This special issue aims to develop such a normative perspective on the use of AI-driven tools in journalism and the role of digital journalism studies in advancing that perspective. The contributions in this special issue combine conceptual, organisational and empirical angles to study the challenges involved in actively using AI to promote editorial values, the powers at play, the role of economic and regulatory conditions, and ways of bridging academic ideals and the messy reality of the real world. This editorial brings the different contributions into conversation, situates them in the broader digital journalism studies scholarship and identifies seven key-take aways.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {ALLEA Statement on Open Access Publication under “Big Deals” and the New Copyright Rules},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/12/12/allea-statement-on-open-access-publication-under-big-deals-and-the-new-copyright-rules/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-12},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Legal reform to enhance global text and data mining research: Outdated copyright laws around the world hinder research},

author = {Flynn, S. and Butler, B. and Carroll, M. and Cohen-Sasson, O. and Craig, C. and Guibault, L. and Jaszi, P. and J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Katz, A. and Quintais, J. and Margoni, T. and Rocha de Souza, A. and Sag, M. and Samberg, R. and Schirru, L. and Senftleben, M. and Tur-Sinai, O. and Contreras, J.L.},

doi = {10.1126/science.add6124},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-08},

urldate = {2022-12-08},

journal = {Science},

volume = {378},

issue = {6623},

pages = {951-953},

abstract = {Researchers engaged in text and data mining (TDM) research collect vast amounts of digitized material and use software to analyze and extract information from it. TDM is a crucial first step to many machine learning, digital humanities, and social science applications, addressing some of the world’s greatest scientific and societal challenges, from predicting and tracking COVID-19 to battling hate speech and disinformation. Although applications of TDM often occur across borders, with researchers, subjects, and materials in more than one country, a patchwork of copyright laws across jurisdictions limits where and how TDM research can occur. With the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, and legislatures around the world, deliberating the harmonization of copyright exceptions for various research uses, we discuss policy measures that can ensure that TDM research is unambiguously authorized under copyright law.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@book{Broeders2022,

title = {Digital Sovereignty: from Narrative to Policy?},

author = {Broeders, D. and Csernatoni, R. and Irion, K. and Kaminska, M. and Monti, G. and Robles-Carrillo, M. and Soare, S. and Timmers, P.

},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digital-sovereignty-from-narrative-to-policy/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-07},

urldate = {2022-12-07},

publisher = {EU Institute for Security Studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Leiden University},

abstract = {The debate in Europe about digital sovereignty, technological sovereignty, data sovereignty and strategic autonomy has been building over recent years at both the EU level and the level of individual Member States. While there has been much analysis of these new narratives of digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy, less attention has been paid to the alignment \textendash or misalignment \textendash between these narratives and the EU policies that would translate the concepts into everyday life. This lacuna was the point of departure for the EU Cyber Direct Research Seminar we organised on the 18th of March 2022 under the title Digital Sovereignty: From Narrative to Policy?, the results of which are published in this report. The seminar took the recent discussions and narratives about EU digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy as a starting point and asked what these narratives mean for the array of individual (EU) policies that will have to support a new strategically autonomous/geopolitical positioning of the Union: does the EU have the instruments, policies, institutions and political will to implement and substantiate its geopolitical ambitions? The contributions in this volume demonstrate that the EU has an important balancing act to perform in terms of policy, implementation and diplomacy in increasingly geopolitical times.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Book review: Media Freedom, by Damian Tambini},

author = {Seipp, T.},

url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10776990221143749},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990221143749},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-07},

journal = {Journalism \& Mass Communication Quarterly},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie Hoge Raad 3 december 2021 (Hoist Finance AB)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_258/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-28},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {258},

issue = {37/38/39},

pages = {4640-4642},

abstract = {Prejudici\"{e}le beslissing op voet art. 392 Rv. Algemene verordening gegevensbescherming (AVG). Rechtsgrond verwerking persoonsgegevens in kredietregistratiestelsel BKR; recht op gegevenswissing; recht op bezwaar.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 25 februari 2022 (Google)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_259/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-28},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {259},

issue = {37/38/39},

pages = {4708-4709},

abstract = {Privacyrecht. Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG); verzoek verwijdering zoekresultaten; gevoelige persoonsgegevens (art. 10 AVG); maatstaf. Proceskosten in AVG-zaken; doeltreffende voorziening (art. 79 AVG en art. 47

Handvest Grondrechten EU).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Compliance of National TDM Rules with International Copyright Law: An Overrated Nonissue?},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-022-01266-8},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01266-8},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-25},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {53},

pages = {1477-1505},

abstract = {Seeking to devise an adequate regulatory framework for text and data mining (TDM), countries around the globe have adopted different approaches. While considerable room for TDM can follow from the application of fair use provisions (US) and broad statutory exemptions (Japan), countries in the EU rely on a more restrictive regulation that is based on specific copyright exceptions. Surveying this spectrum of existing approaches, lawmakers in countries seeking to devise an appropriate TDM regime may wonder whether the adoption of a restrictive approach is necessary in the light of international copyright law. In particular, they may feel obliged to ensure compliance with the three-step test laid down in Art. 9(2) of the Berne Convention, Art. 13 of the TRIPS Agreement and Art. 10 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty. Against this background, the analysis raises the question whether international copyright law covers TDM activities at all. TDM does not concern a traditional category of use that could have been contemplated at the diplomatic conferences leading to the current texts of the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO Copyright Treaty. It is an automated, analytical type of use that does not affect the expressive core of literary and artistic works. Arguably, TDM constitutes a new category of copying that falls outside the scope of international copyright harmonization altogether.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Using Terms and Conditions to Apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation},

author = {Quintais, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4286147

https://osf.io/f2n7m/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-25},

journal = {German Law Journal},

abstract = {Large online platforms provide an unprecedented means for exercising freedom of expression online and wield enormous power over public participation in the online democratic space. However, it is increasingly clear that their systems, where (automated) content moderation decisions are taken based on a platform's terms and conditions (T\&Cs), are fundamentally broken. Content moderation systems have been said to undermine freedom of expression, especially where important public interest speech ends up suppressed, such as speech by minority and marginalized groups. Indeed, these content moderation systems have been criticized for their overly vague rules of operation, inconsistent enforcement, and an overdependence on automation. Therefore, in order to better protect freedom of expression online, international human rights bodies and civil society organizations have argued that platforms “should incorporate directly” principles of fundamental rights law into their T\&Cs. Under EU law, and apart from a rule in the Terrorist Content Regulation, platforms had until recently no explicit obligation to incorporate fundamental rights into their T\&Cs. However, an important provision in the Digital Services Act (DSA) will change this. Crucially, Article 14 DSA lays down new rules on how platforms can enforce their T\&Cs, including that platforms must have “due regard” to the “fundamental rights” of users under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this article, we critically examine the topic of enforceability of fundamental rights via T\&Cs through the prism of Article 14 DSA. We ask whether this provision requires platforms to apply EU fundamental rights law and to what extent this may curb the power of Big Tech over online speech. We conclude that Article 14 will make it possible, in principle, to establish the indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights in the relationship between online platforms and their users. But in order for the application and enforcement of T\&Cs to take due regard of fundamental rights, Article 14 must be operationalized within the framework of the international and European fundamental rights standards, and therefore allowing Article 14 to fulfil its revolutionary potential.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {forthcoming},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {De lange schaduw van de Koude Oorlog in de kunst: over kunst, kitsch, camp en dictatorkunst},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.nederlandseboekengids.com/20221114-egbert-dommering/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-18},

journal = {De Nederlandse Boekengids},

number = {6},

abstract = {Met Poetins invasie en de reactie daarop lijkt de Koude Oorlog nu dan echt teruggekeerd. Egbert Dommering leest Louis Menands recente en monumentale The Free World: Art and Thought in the Cold War en peilt de culturele betekenis van die terugkeer. Was de culturele deling tussen Oost en West ooit echt weg? Dachten we heus dat kunst ook apolitiek kon zijn? Doemt met de dictatorkitsch van Poetin c.s. vanzelf ook een terugkeer op naar een geopolitieke uitsortering van hoge en lage kunst?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Commerci\"{e}le datakluizen lossen problemen met big tech niet op},

author = {Janssen, H.},

url = {https://archive.ph/dQqU3},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-09},

journal = {De Volkskrant},

abstract = {Om de burger te behoeden voor de grote controle-, heers- en geldzucht van big tech, worden steeds vaker zogenaamde ‘datakluizen’ aangeboden. Maar zijn de digitale gegevens die we tikkend en klikkend vanuit die kluis delen wel beter af?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Effects of an issue-based microtargeting campaign: A small-scale field experiment in a multi-party setting},

author = {Dobber, T. and Trilling, D. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01972243.2022.2134240},

doi = {10.1080/01972243.2022.2134240},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-08},

journal = {The Information Society},

abstract = {Political microtargeting is the subject of heated societal debate but not much is known about its effects, especially in non-US contexts. Microtargeting, used by political actors to send citizens tailored messages, could have the potential to overcome barriers that make generic political messages less effective. In this article, we present a small-scale field experiment, which serves as a case study to illustrate how microtargeting’s effects on citizens could be measured. The field experiment showed that receiving a microtargeted message via postal mail increased likelihood to vote for the microtargeting party, but this increase did not translate into actual votes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Goed bestuur en integriteit bij de publieke omroep},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/mediaforum_2022_5/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-03},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {5},

pages = {158-163},

abstract = {Volgens artikel 2.3, lid 2, van de Mediawet moet de Raad van Bestuur van de NPO een gedragscode opstellen ter bevordering van goed bestuur en integriteit bij de eigen organisatie, de landelijke publieke media-instellingen en de Ster. Naar aanleiding van enkele incidenten werd dit onderwerp door de Tweede Kamer besproken op 7 juli 2022. De materi\"{e}le verplichtingen en het toezicht op de naleving daarvan lijken een onoverzichtelijke kluwen. Doel van deze bijdrage is een paar hoofdlijnen te onderscheiden en te bezien of de materie beter kan worden geregeld.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The DSA has been published \textendash now the difficult bit begins},

author = {van Hoboken, J. and Buri, I. and Quintais, J. and Fahy, R. and Appelman, N. and Straub, M.},

url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/dsa-published/},

doi = {10.17176/20221031-095722-0},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-31},

urldate = {2022-10-31},

journal = {Verfassungsblog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Testimony for PEGA hearing on spyware and fundamental rights},

author = {van Daalen, O.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/testimony_pega/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-27},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Irion2022d,

title = {Repairing the EU Passenger Name Record Directive: the ECJ’s judgment in Ligue des droits humains (Case C-817/19)},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://europeanlawblog.eu/2022/10/11/repairing-the-eu-passenger-name-record-directive-the-ecjs-judgment-in-ligue-des-droits-humains-case-c-817-19/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-24},

urldate = {2022-10-24},

abstract = {On 21 June 2022, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) handed down its judgment in Ligue des droits humains concerning the Directive 2016/681 on passenger name record data (PNR Directive). In Ligue des droits humains, the Court now ‘repairs’ the PNR Directive by means of a Charter-conforming interpretation and, without affecting its validity, significantly modifies the permissible scale and scope of the EU-wide security practice on passengers’ data. This post summarises how the ECJ assesses the validity of the PNR Directive in light of Articles 7, 8 and 52(1) of the Charter (the fundamental right to respect for private life, to protection of personal data, and the principle of proportionality, respectively). },

howpublished = {European Law Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {SLAPPed by the GDPR: protecting public interest journalism in the face of GDPR-based strategic litigation against public participation},

author = {Rucz, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2022.2129614},

doi = {10.1080/17577632.2022.2129614},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-13},

journal = {Journal of Media Law},

abstract = {Strategic litigation against public participation is a threat to public interest journalism. Although typically a defamation claim underpins a SLAPP, the GDPR may serve as an alternative basis. This paper explores how public interest journalism is protected, and could be better protected, from abusive GDPR proceedings. The GDPR addresses the tension between data protection and freedom of expression by providing for a journalistic exemption. However, narrow national implementations of this provision leave the GDPR open for abuse. By analysing GDPR proceedings against newspaper Forbes Hungary, the paper illustrates how the GDPR can be instrumentalised as a SLAPP strategy. As European anti-SLAPP initiatives are finetuned, abusive GDPR proceedings need to be recognised as emerging forms of SLAPPs, requiring more attention to inadequate engagement with European freedom of expression standards in national implementations of the GDPR, data protection authorities’ role in facilitating SLAPPs, and the chilling effects of GDPR sanctions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Leg wettelijk vast dat experts onderzoek mogen doen naar gaten in cyberbeveiliging},

author = {van Daalen, O.},

url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/opinie-leg-wettelijk-vast-dat-experts-onderzoek-mogen-doen-naar-gaten-in-cyberbeveiliging~bfa52cbb/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-13},

journal = {De Volkskrant},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {NIT S.R.L. t. Moldavi\"{e} (EHRM, 28470/12) \textendash Het EHRM introduceert intern pluralisme},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ehrc_updates_7okt2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-07},

journal = {European Human Rights Cases Updates},

abstract = {NIT t. Moldavi\"{e} draait om de vraag of een staat een uitzendvergunning mag intrekken om pluralisme te waarborgen. Het merendeel van de jurisprudentie van het EHRM over pluralisme heeft juist betrekking op de plicht die staten hebben om te verzekeren dat er voldoende mediabedrijven zijn die vrij zijn om hun eigen, diverse standpunten uit te dragen. NIT werd echter uit de lucht gehaald om pluralisme te beschermen: de Moldavische omroep had niet voldaan aan haar verplichting om in haar nieuws verschillende politieke standpunten gebalanceerd te presenteren. De Grote Kamer grijpt de zaak aan om haar jurisprudentie over de omstandigheden waaronder een staat de redactionele vrijheid van een mediabedrijf kan beperken om pluralisme te garanderen te ontwikkelen. Het EHRM oordeelt dat artikel 10 EVRM niet geschonden is.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash third trimester of 2022},

author = {Quintais, J. and Trapova, A.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/10/03/eu-copyright-law-round-up-third-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-03},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{nokey,

title = {Moet fake news verboden worden? De toekomst van samen beslissen},

author = {Dommering, E. and Bruning, T. and Kruikemeier, S. and Smeets, H. and Maussen, M.},

url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm66bfgLn_o},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-18},

urldate = {2022-09-18},

abstract = {Debat georganiseerd door NVJ \& Arminius debatpodium. 



In St. Petersburg staat een fake-news-fabriek die de Nederlandse samenleving ondermijnt op Instagram, Youtube en Tiktok. De Russische staatszender RT is naar aanleiding van de oorlog in Oekra\"{i}ne door de Europese Unie verboden. Veel mensen zien fake news als een van de grootste hedendaagse bedreigingen van de democratie en regelmatig zijn er schandalen, zoals bij de Amerikaanse verkiezingen met Cambridge Analytica. Moet misbruik van de vrijheid van meningsuiting verboden worden? Wanneer is sprake van misbruik van de vrijheid van meningsuiting? En wie mag dat dan bepalen?  },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Study on media plurality and diversity online},

author = {Parcu, P.L. and Brogi, E. and Verza, S. et. al. and Irion, K. and Fahy, R. and Idiz, D. and Meiring, A. and Seipp, T. and Poort, J. 

},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/study-on-media-plurality-and-diversity-online/

https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/529019},

doi = {10.2759/529019},

isbn = {978-92-76-51323-0},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-16},

urldate = {2022-09-16},

publisher = {Publications Office of the European Union},

abstract = {The Study on Media Plurality and Diversity Online investigates the value of safeguarding media pluralism and diversity online, focusing on (i) the prominence and discoverability of general interest content and services, and on (ii) market plurality and the concentration of economic resources. With a focus on Europe, the project is funded by a tender from the European Commission to produce a study on Media Plurality and Diversity Online and involves four partner universities: CMPF (EUI); CiTiP (Centre for Information Technology and Intellectual Property) of KU Leuven; the Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam (IViR/UvA); imec-SMIT-Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The purpose of the assignment was to describe, analyse and evaluate the existing regulatory and business practices in the two areas mentioned above, and finally to elaborate some policy recommendations. Data were collected from the database of the Media Pluralism Monitor (CMPF) and through desk research, online consultations and interviews with stakeholders. The contractor was able to call on a network of national experts across the Member States to support this work.},

note = {Report commissioned by European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, written by Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF), European University Institute, CiTiP (Centre for Information Technology and Intellectual Property) of KU Leuven, Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam (IViR/UvA), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology, VUB- SMIT)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Sax2022,

title = {Algorithmic News Diversity and Democratic Theory: Adding Agonism to the Mix},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2114919},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-14},

urldate = {2022-09-14},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {The role news recommenders can play in stimulating news diversity is receiving increasing amounts of attention. Democratic theory plays an important role in this debate because it helps explain why news diversity is important and which kinds of news diversity should be pursued. In this article, I observe that the current literature on news recommenders and news diversity largely draws on a narrow set of theories of liberal and deliberative democracy. Another strand of democratic theory often referred to as ‘agonism’ is often ignored. This, I argue, is a mistake. Liberal and deliberative theories of democracy focus on the question of how political disagreements and conflicts can be resolved in a rational and legitimate manner. Agonism, to the contrary, stresses the ineradicability of conflict and the need to make conflict productive. This difference in thinking about the purpose of democratic politics can also lead to new ways of thinking about the value of news diversity and role algorithmic news recommenders should play in promoting it. The overall aim of the article is (re)introduce agonistic theory to the news recommender context and to argue that agonism deserves more serious attention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {RADio \textendash Rank-Aware Divergence Metrics to Measure Normative Diversity in News Recommendations},

author = {Vrijenhoek, S. and B\'{e}n\'{e}dict, G. and Gutierrez Granada, M. and Odijk, D. and De Rijke, M.},

url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3523227.3546780},

doi = {10.1145/3523227.3546780},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-13},

journal = {RecSys '22: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems},

pages = {208-219},

abstract = {In traditional recommender system literature, diversity is often seen as the opposite of similarity, and typically defined as the distance between identified topics, categories or word models. However, this is not expressive of the social science’s interpretation of diversity, which accounts for a news organization’s norms and values and which we here refer to as normative diversity. We introduce RADio, a versatile metrics framework to evaluate recommendations according to these normative goals. RADio introduces a rank-aware Jensen Shannon (JS) divergence. This combination accounts for (i) a user’s decreasing propensity to observe items further down a list and (ii) full distributional shifts as opposed to point estimates. We evaluate RADio’s ability to reflect five normative concepts in news recommendations on the Microsoft News Dataset and six (neural) recommendation algorithms, with the help of our metadata enrichment pipeline. We find that RADio provides insightful estimates that can potentially be used to inform news recommender system design.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {In het Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam heeft het eigen gelijk een ereplek gekregen},

author = {Lamoree, J. and Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/in-het-stedelijk-museum-amsterdam-heeft-het-eigen-gelijk-een-ereplek-gekregen/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-10},

journal = {Vrij Nederland},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis},

author = {Quintais, J. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Riis, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/copyright_content_moderation_in_the_eu/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-09},

urldate = {2022-09-09},

abstract = {This report is part of the reCreating Europe project and describes the results of the research carried out in the context of Work Package 6 on the mapping of the EU legal framework and intermediaries’ practices on copyright content moderation. The Report addresses the following main research question: how can we map the impact on access to culture in the Digital Single Market of content moderation of copyright-protected content on online platforms? },

note = {ReCreating Europe, August 2022},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis},

author = {Quintais, J. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C. and Katzenbach, C. and Schwemer, S. and Riis, T.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/09/07/copyright-content-moderation-in-the-eu-an-interdisciplinary-mapping-analysis/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-08},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {New actors and risks in online advertising},

author = {Drunen, M. van and Buri, I. and Chapman, M. and Culloty, E. and Fahy, R. and Giannopoulou, A. and Gil Gonz\'{a}lez, E. and Meiring, A. and Strycharz, J. and Heuvelhof, C. ten},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/iris_special_1_2022/

https://rm.coe.int/iris-special-1-2022en-online-advertising/1680a744d7?c=199\&traversed=1},

issn = {2079-1062},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

note = {IRIS Special 2022-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@inbook{Irion2022c,

title = {§ 16 Digitaler Handel (Handels- und Kooperationsvertrag EU/GB Handbuch)},

author = {Irion, K. and Burri, M.},

editor = {G. K\"{u}bek, C.J. Tams, J.P. Terhechte},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/i-16-digitaler-handel-irion-burri-2/},

isbn = {978-3-8487-7188-2 },

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

urldate = {2022-09-01},

publisher = {Nomos},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@book{nokey,

title = {Freedom of expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights},

author = {Voorhoof, D. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-themes-vol-iii-7th-edition-april-2022-final-/1680a65f50},

isbn = { 9789287184351},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-26},

abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first six editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2021) have proved hugely successful. The new seventh edition summarises over 360 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database).},

note = {IRIS Themes, vol. III, 7th edition, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinie: Staatspropaganda en uitingsvrijheid},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/opinie_mediaforum_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-25},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {34},

issue = {2},

pages = {45},

abstract = {Op 10 januari 2022 is de Europese Commissie een openbare raadpleging gestart inzake een nieuwe verordening op basis van art. 114 VWEU, genaamd ‘Europese wet inzake mediavrijheid. ’ Deze opinie bepleit om in de te toekomstige verordening vast te leggen dat publieke mediadiensten binnen de EU onafhankelijk moeten functioneren van de politieke macht. Het aanleggen van dezelfde criteria voor het doorgeven van programma’s die elders zijn uitgezonden is echter onevenredig.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The UK government moves forward with a text and data mining exception for all purposes},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/08/24/the-uk-government-moves-forward-with-a-text-and-data-mining-exception-for-all-purposes/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-24},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Comment of the European Copyright Society on the impact and consequences of the CJEU decision in C-265/19 (RAAP) },

author = {Rognstad, O-A., and Benabou, V.L. and Metzger, A. and Sganga, C. and van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ecs_raap/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Safeguarding Editorial Independence in an Automated Media System: The Relationship Between Law and Journalistic Perspectives},

author = {Drunen, M. van and Fechner, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/digitaljournalism_2022/},

doi = {10.1080/21670811.2022.2108868},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-16},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {This article explores the relationship between legal and journalistic perspectives on the way editorial independence can be safeguarded in the context of automation. It aims to bridge two discussions. First, the journalism studies literature that has explored how automation challenges the way editors and journalists fulfil their role in newsrooms and society. Second, the legal discussion that is revisiting how the conditions for editorial independence can be created in a media system where automation is increasingly important. To do so, this article contrasts a normative framework that outlines the functions of editorial independence in European media law with interviews with editors and journalists involved in data journalism and news personalisation. It finds excellent potential for a complementary relationship between legal and journalistic perspectives on editorial independence. However, the challenges posed by automation fall outside the mechanisms through which this relationship has traditionally been operationalised.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 oktober 2020 (Stichting Lira / Ziggo, Delta Fiber Nederland \& Vereniging Rechtenoverleg voor distributie van audiovisuele producties)},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_225/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-03},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {225},

issue = {30},

pages = {4168-4170},

abstract = {Auteursrecht. Vermoeden van overdracht auteursrechten op filmwerken aan producent film (art. 45d (oud) Aw); verhouding tot eerdere overdracht door auteur van zijn rechten aan collectieve beheersorganisatie. Collectief rechtenbeheer op grond van art. 26a Aw; begrip ‘doorgifte via de kabel’; moet worden teruggekomen van HR 28 maart 2014, NJ 2015/365 (Norma/NLKabel)?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 8 februari 2022 (Demonstratie in de RAI bij vakbeurs)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_222/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-02},

urldate = {2022-08-02},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {222},

issue = {29},

pages = {4062-4065},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Study on EU copyright and related rights and access to and reuse of data},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ki0822205enn-en/},

doi = {10.2777/78973},

isbn = {9789276536321},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

abstract = {EU legislation in the field of copyright, related rights and sui generis database rights can have a deep impact on access to data resources for scientific research and the availability of data resulting from publicly funded research. To establish a copyright and related rights framework that offers appropriate data access and reuse opportunities for scientific research, it is necessary to identify potential barriers and challenges that may arise from EU copyright and related rights legislation and corresponding rights management. This study analyses the interaction between copyright and related rights law and data access and reuse for scientific research purposes. It proposes legislative and non-legislative measures to improve the current EU regulatory framework.},

note = {Independent expert report commissioned by European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Study on the Open Data Directive, Data Governance and Data Act and their possible impact on research},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ki0822204enn-en/},

doi = {10.2777/71619},

isbn = {9789276536314},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

abstract = {This study analyses the possible impact of three major legislative instruments in the European Sstrategy for data (the Open Data Directive, the Data Governance Act and the proposed Data Act) for the field of research, especially for research performing organisations and research funding organisations. It does so against the background of the European Open Science policy pursued, in which the development of a European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is a major undertaking. Although the impact is difficult to assess at this stage, the study identifies and makes recommendations about key legal issues that need to be resolved. These have to do with ambiguities in the scope of application to research data, the interpretation of provisions, and the consistency between the instruments from the perspective of open science research policy.},

note = {Independent expert report commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Doubling down on safety of journalists \textendash An analysis and positioning of OSCE Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/18 - Safety of Journalists (2018) in a wider context},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/doubling_down_on_safety_of_journalists/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-22},

note = {Study commissioned by the Office of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Report on effect of digitisation and regulatory changes on access to cultural/creative goods and services},

author = {Martinelli, A. and Mazzei, J. and Nuvolari, A. and Poort, J.},

url = {https://zenodo.org/record/6779277#.YtkA5XZBy5e

https://www.ivir.nl/report-on-effect-of-digitisation-and-regulatory-changes-on-access-to-cultural-creative-goods-and-services/},

doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6779277},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-21},

urldate = {2022-07-21},

publisher = {ReCreating Europe},

abstract = {This report stems from the research conducted within the reCreating Europe 1 Work Package (WP) 2, which focuses on End-users and access to culture. It complements other final deliverables which include: a final report and public dataset on copyright flexibilities (D.2.3), a final policy brief on barriers for vulnerable groups (D.2.4), a final report on two empirical case studies assessing the impact of copyright perception and knowledge on the access of two specific groups of users who benefit of specific copyright exceptions (i.e. academics and persons with visual impairment) (D.2.8), a peer-reviewed publication on the impact of copyright law and perception on the demand for cultural goods and services (D.2.6), and final policy recommendations (D.2.9).},

note = {Part of Rethinking digital copyright law for a culturally diverse, accessible, creative Europe, ReCreating Europe},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Allocating Control in Decentralised Identity Management},

author = {Giannopoulou, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/erdal_2021_2/},

doi = {10.53136/97912599475299},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-21},

urldate = {2022-07-21},

journal = {European Review of Digital Administration \& Law - Erdal},

volume = {2021},

issue = {2},

pages = {75-87},

abstract = {Creating legal identity in the digital space involves the challenging task of addressing the datarelated responsibilities and obligations for data governance and data protection (by design and by default) to name a few. Substantially, it also requires the datafication of legal identity which means transposing all its properties and foundational traits inits corresponding data expressions and relations. As (digital) legal identity evolves from the fringes of purely technology-related challenges towards the legal and socio-technical, state institutions \textendashsovereignly responsible for delivering digital legal identities to citizens\textendash are acknowledging the polyvalent, non-monolithic, and relational characters of identitiesand they explore appropriate architectures. This paper sets out to explore the institutional turn towards decentralized digital identities. The claims surrounding these digital identities raise high hopes for the cross border digital identity provisioning being data protection and privacy compliant, technologically secure, and user-centric. This paper attempts to explore how the relevant accountable actors \textendashas recognized through the data protection normative framework\textendash are formed around the technological identity infrastructure.We highlight and examine the conflict between the European proposals on the provision of digital identity infrastructures through decentralized architectures and the concepts of data controllership in the GDPR.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Another string to the bow of media freedom: An analysis of the Communiqu\'{e}s of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2014 \textendash 2022)},

author = {McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/another_string_to_the_bow_of_media_freedom/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-21},

abstract = {Since 2014, the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media has issued 20 communiqu\'{e}s on a range of different themes relating to freedom of expression and information; media and internet freedom; and the safety and freedoms of journalists and other (media) actors. They were introduced as a new form of output that would have more depth and impact than regular

press releases or statements. This study provides an analysis of this corpus of communiqu\'{e}s. It examines their aims, instruments and formats used by the Representative to make political interventions and develop standpoints. The thematic analysis is grouped into the following rough categories: 1) enduring threats to freedom of the media and freedom of expression; 2) emerging threats to freedom of the media and freedom of expression; and 3) signature themes of the Office of the Representative. The signature themes are open journalism and safety of female journalists online \textendash the focuses of two recent flagship projects by the Office of the Representative. The picture that emerges from the analysis is one of complementary focuses and consistent approaches. Nevertheless, the conclusions offer a few modest recommendations to make future communiqu\'{e}s more distinctly recognisable as such and to further enhance the consistency across the growing corpus of communiqu\'{e}s.},

note = {Study commissioned by the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, OSCE, Vienna},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2021},

author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/mediaforum_2022_3/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-14},

journal = {Mediaforum},

issue = {3},

pages = {74-77},

abstract = {De persvrijheid staat wereldwijd onder druk. Ook in Nederland is sprake van een neerwaartse trend. Nederland daalde voor het derde jaar op rij een plekje op de jaarlijkse ranglijst van landen met de meeste persvrijheid. Nederland zakte in 2021 af naar de zesde plaats, en in 2022 duikelde Nederland zelfs naar de 28ste plaats. Er is kritiek op de gebrekkige wijze waarop overheidsinformatie wordt gedeeld, en de veiligheid van journalisten is een belangrijk aandachtspunt. De Europese Commissie rapporteert jaarlijks over de rechtsstaat in Nederland, en noemde in 2021 als aandachtspunten: toegang tot overheidsinformatie, bedreigingen van journalisten, en het openbaar maken van eigendomsstructuren van media. Dit laatste punt wordt ook door het Commissariaat voor de Media in de jaarlijkse Monitor voor de pluriformiteit van de media benoemd, in het licht van de trend van toenemende mediaconcentratie.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {In defense of offense: information security research under the right to science},

author = {van Daalen, O.},

doi = {10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105706},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-12},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {46},

abstract = {Information security is something you do, not something you have. It's a recurring process of finding weaknesses and fixing them, only for the next weakness to be discovered, and fixed, and so on. Yet, European Union rules in this field are not built around this cycle of making and breaking: doing offensive information security research is not always legal, and doubts about its legality can have a chilling effect. At the same time, the results of such research are sometimes not used to allow others to take defensive measures, but instead are used to attack. In this article, I review whether states have an obligation under the right to science and the right to communications freedom to develop governance which addresses these two issues. I first discuss the characteristics of this cycle of making and breaking. I then discuss the rules in the European Union with regard to this cycle. Then I discuss how the right to science and the right to communications freedom under the European Convention for Human Rights , the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights apply to this domain. I then conclude that states must recognise a right to research information security vulnerabilities, but that this right comes with a duty of researchers to disclose their findings in a way which strengthens information security.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@misc{Network2022,

title = {The Right to Lodge a Data Protection Complaint: Ok, But Then What? An empirical study of current practices under the GDPR},

author = {European Data Protection Scholars Network

},

editor = {Irion, K. and Ausloos, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/gdpr-complaint-study-2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-12},

urldate = {2022-07-12},

abstract = {This study examines current Data Protection Authorities' (DPA) practices related to their obligation to facilitate the submission of complaints, granting special attention to the connection between this obligation and the right to an effective judicial remedy against DPAs. It combines legal analysis and the observation of DPA websites, together with insights obtained from the online public register of decisions adopted under the ʻone-stop-shopʼ mechanism. This study was commissioned by Access Now.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {misc}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash second trimester of 2022},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/07/07/eu-copyright-law-round-up-second-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-08},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@proceedings{Irion2022b,

title = {Algorithms Off-limits? If digital trade law restricts access to source code of software then accountability will suffer},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/facct22-125-2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-17},

urldate = {2022-06-17},

abstract = {Free trade agreements are increasingly used to construct an additional layer of protection for source code of software. This comes in the shape of a new prohibition for governments to require access to, or transfer of, source code of software, subject to certain exceptions. A clause on software source code is also part and parcel of an ambitious set of new rules on trade-related aspects of electronic commerce currently negotiated by 86 members of the World Trade Organization. Our understanding to date of how such a commitment inside trade law impacts on governments right to regulate digital technologies and the policy space that is allowed under trade law is limited. Access to software source code is for example necessary to meet regulatory and judicial needs in order to ensure that digital technologies are in conformity with individuals’ human rights and societal values. This article will analyze the implications of such a source code clause for current and future digital policies by governments that aim to ensure transparency, fairness and accountability of computer and machine learning algorithms.},

howpublished = {In 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT ’22), June 21\textendash24, 2022, Seoul, Republic of Korea. ACM, New York, NY, USA},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {proceedings}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Filtered Futures Conference: Exploring the Fundamental Rights Constraints of Automated Filtering After the CJEU Ruling on Article 17},

author = {Reda, F. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/06/17/filtered-futures-conference-exploring-the-fundamental-rights-constraints-of-automated-filtering-after-the-cjeu-ruling-on-article-17/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-17},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A Matter of (Joint) control? Virtual assistants and the general data protection regulation},

author = {Mil, J. van and Quintais, J.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105689},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {45},

abstract = {This article provides an overview and critical examination of the rules for determining who qualifies as controller or joint controller under the General Data Protection Regulation. Using Google Assistant \textendash an artificial intelligence-driven virtual assistant \textendash as a case study, we argue that these rules are overreaching and difficult to apply in the present-day information society and Internet of Things environments. First, as a consequence of recent developments in case law and supervisory guidance, these rules lead to a complex and ambiguous test to determine (joint) control. Second, due to advances in technological applications and business models, it is increasingly challenging to apply such rules to contemporary processing operations. In particular, as illustrated by the Google Assistant, individuals will likely be qualified as joint controllers, together with Google and also third-party developers, for at least the collection and possible transmission of other individuals’ personal data via the virtual assistant. Third, we identify follow-on issues relating to the apportionment of responsibilities between joint controllers and the effective and complete protection of data subjects. We conclude by questioning whether the framework for determining who qualifies as controller or joint controller is future-proof and normatively desirable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Rb Noord-Holland 6 oktober 2021 (Kamerlid / LinkedIn Ierland \& LinkedIn Nederland)},

author = {Leerssen, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_computerrecht_2022_97/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

journal = {Computerrecht},

number = {97},

issue = {3},

pages = {228-230},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Personal Information Management Systems},

author = {Janssen, H. and Singh, J.},

doi = {10.14763/2022.2.1659 },

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

urldate = {2022-06-16},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {11},

issue = {2},

abstract = {Personal Information Management Systems (PIMS) seek to empower users by equipping them with mechanisms for mediating, monitoring and controlling how their data is accessed, used, or shared.},

note = {Glossary of decentralised technosocial systems},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Data intermediary},

author = {Janssen, H. and Singh, J.},

doi = {10.14763/2022.1.1644},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {11},

issue = {1},

abstract = {Data intermediaries serve as a mediator between those who wish to make their data available, and those who seek to leverage that data. The intermediary works to govern the data in specific ways, and provides some degree of confidence regarding how the data will be used.},

note = {Glossary of decentralised technosocial systems},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Defining the scope of AI ADM system risk assessment},

author = {Janssen, H. and Seng Ah Lee, M. and Singh, J. and Cobbe, J.},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-16},

booktitle = {Research handbook on EU data protection law, E. Kosta, R. Leenes \& I. Kamara (ed.)},

pages = {405-434},

publisher = {Edgar Elgar Publishing},

chapter = {16},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Algorithmic propagation: do property rights in data increase bias in content moderation? \textendash Part II},

author = {Margoni, T. and Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/06/09/algorithmic-propagation-do-property-rights-in-data-increase-bias-in-content-moderation-part-ii/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-09},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Inbreng Rondetafelgesprek over de Wet kansspelen op afstand},

author = {Poort, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/inbreng-rondetafel_kansspelen_9juni2022/

https://debatgemist.tweedekamer.nl/debatten/wet-kansspelen-op-afstand},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-09},

urldate = {2022-06-09},

note = {Position paper voor Rondetafelgesprek van de Vaste commissie voor Justitie en Veiligheid, 9 juni 2022},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Algorithmic propagation: do property rights in data increase bias in content moderation? Part I},

author = {Margoni, T. and Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/06/08/algorithmic-propagation-do-property-rights-in-data-increase-bias-in-content-moderation-part-i/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-08},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Naar een algemeen transparantiebeginsel? : Bespreking van het preadvies van A.W.G.J. Buijze voor de VAR 2022},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ntb_2022_5_141/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-07},

urldate = {2022-06-07},

journal = {Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Bestuursrecht},

number = {141},

issue = {5},

pages = {265-271},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {De playlists van Spotify: Hoe ver reikt het nabuurrechtelijke vergoedingsrecht met betrekking tot audiostreamingdiensten?},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/auteursrecht_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-07},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {2},

pages = {75-84},

abstract = {Op grond van art. 7 lid 1 WNR vallen onder het vergoedingsrecht voor ‘secundair gebruik’ alle mogelijke vormen van openbaarmaking van commercieel uitgebrachte fonogrammen, doch niet het online beschikbaar stellen. Algemeen wordt aangenomen dat het vergoedingsrecht niet geldt voor het streamen via Spotify en dergelijke diensten. Maar geldt dat ook voor de door Spotify aangeboden playlists en vergelijkbare omroepachtige diensten? In dit artikel wordt een poging gedaan criteria te formuleren aan de hand waarvan het ‘beschikbaar stellen’ van andere vormen van openbaarmaking kan worden onderscheiden.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 12 december 2021 (SENA/Organisatoren Dance Events)},

author = {Poort, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_auteursrecht_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-07},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {4},

issue = {2},

pages = {107-109},

abstract = {De zaak draait om de hoogte van de billijke vergoeding voor openbaarmaking van commerci\"{e}le fonogrammen tijdens dance-evenementen. De Hoge Raad bekrachtigt het arrest van het gerechtshof Den Haag, dat tot uitgangspunt had genomen dat tussen de ‘ticketprijs’ en de ‘prijs per bezoeker’ geen recht evenredig verband bestaat.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Meaning of “Additional” in the Poland ruling of the Court of Justice: Double Safeguards \textendash Ex Ante Flagging and Ex Post Complaint Systems \textendash are Indispensable},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/06/01/the-meaning-of-additional-in-the-poland-ruling-of-the-court-of-justice-double-safeguards-ex-ante-flagging-and-ex-post-complaint-systems-are-indispensable/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Choice Architectures in the Digital Economy: Towards a New Understanding of Digital Vulnerability},

author = {Helberger, N. and Sax, M. and Strycharz, J. and Micklitz, H.-W.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10603-021-09500-5},

doi = {10.1007/s10603-021-09500-5},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-24},

urldate = {2021-12-22},

journal = {Journal of Consumer Policy},

volume = {45},

issue = {2},

pages = {175-200},

abstract = {In the digital economy, consumer vulnerability is not simply a vantage point from which to assess some consumers’ lack of ability to activate their awareness of persuasion. Instead, digital vulnerability describes a universal state of defencelessness and susceptibility to (the exploitation of) power imbalances that are the result of the increasing automation of commerce, datafied consumer\textendashseller relations, and the very architecture of digital marketplaces. Digital vulnerability, we argue, is architectural, relational, and data-driven. Based on our concept of digital vulnerability, we demonstrate how and why using digital technology to render consumers vulnerable is the epitome of an unfair digital commercial practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The platformisation of digital payments: The fabrication of consumer interest in the EU FinTech agenda},

author = {Ferrari, V.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/computerlawsecurityreview_2022/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105687},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-19},

journal = { Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {45},

abstract = {This paper investigates, through a qualitative analysis of official documents, how certain imaginaries about technology filter into EU policymaking, allowing or accelerating the transformation of payment infrastructures into the platform economy.



One of the ways in which socio-technical imaginaries filter into policymaking is, it turns out, by informing an image of the consumer which serves to justify measures for the realization of a desired future. In particular, the documents offer a view of the consumer as an actor that is empowered by digitisation. The thesis of this paper is that this view of the consumer is partial: the rhetoric of consumer technological empowerment outweighs and conceals much needed considerations about the vulnerability of consumers vis-a-vis data-intensive payment technologies. Ultimately, the fault lies with the future imaginaries upon which such image is grounded. The vision of the digital payment infrastructure portrayed in the documents is in fact problematic for two reasons. First, the technologies that are portraited as desirable are chosen based on industry interests and trends rather than considerations of benefits and risks that these technologies entail. Secondly, the assumption that a liberalized market will offer more and better choices is flawed, as platformisation entails risks of monopolization and abuses of market power. We suggest that policymakers in this domain should be more critical of the risks entailed by platformisation, and open their imagination to alternative technological futures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Maintaining trust in a technologized public sector},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Janssen, H.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puac019},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-19},

journal = {Policy and Society},

abstract = {Emerging technologies permeate and potentially disrupt a wide spectrum of our social, economic, and political relations. Various state institutions, including education, law enforcement, and healthcare, increasingly rely on technical components, such as automated decision-making systems, e-government systems, and other digital tools to provide cheap, efficient public services, and supposedly fair, transparent, disinterested, and accountable public administration. The increased interest in various blockchain-based solutions from central bank digital currencies, via tokenized educational credentials, and distributed ledger-based land registries to self-sovereign identities is the latest, still mostly unwritten chapter in a long history of standardized, objectified, automated, technocratic, and technologized public administration. The rapid, (often) unplanned, and uncontrolled technologization of public services (as happened in the hasty adoption of distance-learning and teleconferencing systems during Corona Virus Disease (COVID) lockdowns) raises complex questions about the use of novel technological components, which may or may not be ultimately adequate for the task for which they are used. The question whether we can trust the technical infrastructures the public sector uses when providing public services is a central concern in an age where trust in government is declining: If the government’s artificial intelligence system that detects welfare fraud fails, the public’s confidence in the government is ultimately hit. In this paper, we provide a critical assessment of how the use of potentially untrustworthy (private) technological systems including blockchain-based systems in the public sector may affect trust in government. We then propose several policy options to protect the trust in government even if some of their technological components prove fundamentally untrustworthy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Opinion of the European Copyright Society on selected aspects of the proposed Data Act},

author = {Derclaye E. and van Eechoud, M. and Husovec, M. and Senftleben, M.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/05/16/opinion-of-the-european-copyright-society-on-selected-aspects-of-the-proposed-data-act/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-16},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Between Filters and Fundamental Rights: How the Court of Justice saved Article 17 in C-401/19 - Poland v. Parliament and Council},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/filters-poland/?s=09},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-16},

journal = {Verfassungsblog},

abstract = {On 26 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU or Court) delivered its much awaited judgement in Case C-401/19 \textendash Poland v Parliament and Council. The case focuses on the validity of Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (CDSMD) in light of fundamental rights. The judgment marks the climax of a turbulent journey in the area of copyright law, with potential implications for the future of platform regulation and content moderation in EU law.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@workingpaper{nokey,

title = {Groundhog Day in Geneva: The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty is on the Agenda Once Again},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/the-wipo-broadcasting-treaty-revisited/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-06},

note = {Draft paper prepared for American University International Law Review Symposium on the Right

to Research in International Copyright Law, April 22, 2022},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {workingpaper}

}

@misc{nokey,

title = {Video recording of the COMMUNIA Salon on the CJEU decision on Article 17 (Case C-401/19)},

author = {Keller, P. and Reda, F. and Quintais, J. and Giorello, M.},

url = {https://www.communia-association.org/2022/05/04/video-recording-of-the-communia-salon-on-the-cjeu-decision-on-article-17/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-04},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Closing the normative gap: What ten years of Human Rights Council Resolutions tell us about its approach to the safety of journalists },

author = {Chocarro, S. and Harrison,J. and McGonagle, T. and Parmar, S. and Torsner, S. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/closing-the-normative-gap/

https://www.article19.org/resources/world-press-freedom-day-journalism-under-siege/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-03},

urldate = {2022-05-03},

abstract = {In the last ten years, there have been high levels of development of normative work within the United Nations (UN) system on the issue of the safety of journalists. Since the approval of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity in 2012, the first ever UN strategy on this matter, and the subsequent first Human Rights Council (HRC) Resolution on the safety of journalists that same year, fifteen resolutions have been adopted by the principal UN Charter-based bodies, namely the Security Council, the General Assembly and the HRC, and also UNESCO.

The HRC resolutions, which have been adopted on a biennial basis, have proven to be the most progressive in addressing the safety of journalists from a human rights-based perspective. However, the main challenge remains their effective implementation. How have these resolutions evolved and what do they reveal about how the issue of the safety of journalists is addressed by the HRC? What are the shortcomings and gaps in the protection of the safety of journalists offered by this set of resolutions?

To answer these questions, this paper first undertakes a qualitative document analysis of HRC resolutions. It then analyzes the development of these resolutions from a humanrights perspective. Finally, based on this analysis, it identifies the normative gaps that should be addressed in order to properly respond to the most pressing challenges to the safety of journalists in the years to come. 

},

note = {Working paper, the seventh Academic Conference on the Safety of Journalists, jointly organised by the University of the Republic and UNESCO, World Press Freedom Day in Punta del Este, Uruguay},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework \textendash Part II},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/25/ai-music-outputs-challenges-to-the-copyright-legal-framework-part-ii/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Article 17 survives, but freedom of expression safeguards are key: C-401/19 \textendash Poland v Parliament and Council},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/26/article-17-survives-but-freedom-of-expression-safeguards-are-key-c-401-19-poland-v-parliament-and-council/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-02},

urldate = {2022-05-02},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {CJEU upholds Article 17, but not in the form (most) Member States imagined},

author = {Reda, F. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/28/cjeu-upholds-article-17-but-not-in-the-form-most-member-states-imagined/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-28},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework \textendash Part I},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and Gervais, D.J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/22/ai-music-outputs-challenges-to-the-copyright-legal-framework-part-i/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-22},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 8 september 2020 (Recorded Artists Actors Performers / Phonographic Performance (Ireland))},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_nj_2022_126/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-19},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {126},

issue = {15},

pages = {2384-2386},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Senftleben2021,

title = {Ensuring the Visibility and Accessibility of European Creative Content on the World Market: The Need for Copyright Data Improvement in the Light of New Technologies},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Margoni, T. and Antal, D. and Bod\'{o}, B. and van Gompel, S. and Handke, C.W. and Kretschmer, M. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S.},

url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-13-1-2022/5515

https://www.ivir.nl/jipitec_2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-12},

urldate = {2021-03-23},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {13},

issue = {1},

pages = {67-86},

abstract = {In the European Strategy for Data, the European Commission highlighted the EU’s ambition to acquire a leading role in the data economy. At the same time, the Commission conceded that the EU would have to increase its pools of quality data available for use and re-use. In the creative industries, this need for enhanced data quality and interoperability is particularly strong. Without data improvement, unprecedented opportunities for monetising the wide variety of EU creative and making this content available for new technologies, such as artificial intelligence training systems, will most probably be lost. The problem has a worldwide dimension. While the US have already taken steps to provide an integrated data space for music as of 1 January 2021, the EU is facing major obstacles not only in the field of music but also in other creative industry sectors. Weighing costs and benefits, there can be little doubt that new data improvement initiatives and sufficient investment in a better copyright data infrastructure should play a central role in EU copyright policy. A trade-off between data harmonisation and interoperability on the one hand, and transparency and accountability of content recommender systems on the other, could pave the way for successful new initiatives.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Robustness Check: Evaluating and Strengthening Artistic Use Defences in EU Trademark Law},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01182-x},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-12},

urldate = {2022-04-12},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {53},

number = {4},

pages = {567-603},

abstract = {The 2015 EU trademark law reform introduced a peculiar rule for reconciling trademark rights with freedom of artistic expression. According to Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD, artistic use can be deemed fair as long as the artist ensures compliance with “honest practices in industrial and commercial matters”. The honest practices proviso forges a link with the provisions on limitations of trademark rights. Article 14(1) EUTMR and Art. 14(1) TMD exempt from the control of trademark proprietors several types of use that can allow for artistic use. All these limitations, however, apply only when the use satisfies the test of honest practices. Confirming the obligation to comply with honest practices in industrial and commercial matters, the fairness rule of Recital 21 EUTMR and Recital 27 TMD turns out to be a double-edged sword. Instead of readily immunizing artistic use against trademark claims, it obliges artists to rely on limitations of trademark rights and furnish corresponding proof. Moreover, artists are expected to align their artistic activity with behavioural standards in the field of industry and commerce \textendash a realm that is alien to the artistic community. Evidently, this approach endangers artistic autonomy. To avoid detrimental effects on artistic expression, it is advisable to strengthen the position of artists and develop a legal solution that resembles the measures taken in Art. 9(3)(f) EUTMR and Art. 10(3)(f) TMD with regard to freedom of commercial expression. Drawing inspiration from cultural sciences and case law on both sides of the Atlantic, the analysis explores avenues for achieving this goal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {De CoronaMelder door een economische lens},

author = {Poort, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/tpedigitaal_2022_2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-08},

journal = {TPEdigitaal},

volume = {16},

issue = {2},

pages = {48-60},

abstract = {In oktober 2020 lanceerde Nederland de CoronaMelder-app voor geautomatiseerd onderzoek naar blootstelling aan het Covid-19 virus. Een tentatieve analyse van de maatschappelijke kosten en baten van de app suggereert dat de baten in evenwicht zijn met de kosten, zelfs als alleen wordt gekeken naar de bespaarde levensjaren door het voorkomen van sterfgevallen. Het percentage van de positieve tests dat door de app teweeg wordt gebracht, is de sleutel tot de positieve bijdrage ervan aan de maatschappelijke welvaart. Dit percentage is aanzienlijk lager voor de app dan voor handmatig contactonderzoek door de GGD, wat erop wijst dat de app effici\"{e}nt kan zijn als aanvulling op handmatig contactonderzoek, maar niet als vervanging daarvan.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Knock Knock Who's There? Tussenpersonen, persoonsgegevens en de kunst van het juiste evenwicht},

author = {Alberdingk Thijm, Chr. A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/nl/aa_2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-08},

journal = {Ars Aequi},

issue = {april},

pages = {279-288},

abstract = {Wat te doen als je op Twitter door een anoniem profiel voor rotte vis wordt uitgemaakt? Het Nederlandse recht biedt verschillende mogelijkheden om identificerende gegevens te verkrijgen van internettussenpersonen. Maar hoe wordt de afweging met de bescherming van de persoonsgegevens van de anonymus gemaakt? Hoe verhoudt het recht op een doeltreffende voorziening in rechte zich tot het gegevensbeschermingsrecht? Het Hof van Justitie schrijft voor dat bij botsende

fundamentele rechten het ‘juiste evenwicht’ moet worden gevonden. Dat blijkt de Nederlandse rechter nog niet zo eenvoudig te vinden, zo wordt duidelijk bij de bespreking van het Dutch FilmWorks-arrest in dit artikel.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {AI Music Outputs: Challenges to the Copyright Legal Framework},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J. and Poort, J.},

url = {https://zenodo.org/record/6405796#.Yk62cchBy5e

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4072806},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-07},

urldate = {2022-04-07},

abstract = {This report examines the application of EU copyright and related rights law to outputs generated by or with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, tools or techniques (AI outputs), with a focus on outputs in the musical domain. The Report examines the question: How can and should EU copyright and related rights law protect AI musical outputs? The interdisciplinary (legal and empirical) research involves: (i) analyzing of the protection of AI outputs under EU copyright and related rights law; (ii) examining the attribution of authorship and ownership to (natural and legal) persons involved in the creation or production of AI outputs; (iii) proposing interpretative guidelines and policy recommendations on increasing legal certainty regarding the protection, authorship, and ownership of copyright and related rights over AI outputs, especially music outputs.},

note = {reCreating Europe report},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash first trimester of 2022},

author = {Quintais, J. and Trapova, A.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/04/06/eu-copyright-law-round-up-first-trimester-of-2022/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-07},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rucz2022b,

title = {Contribution to the public consultation on the European Media Freedom Act},

author = {Rucz, M. and Irion, K. and Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/position-paper-european-media-freedom-act-consultation-2/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

abstract = {The announcement of the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) has provided an important impulse for the development of new legal rules seeking to safeguard and support a free and pluralistic media environment in the European Union (EU). As indicated by Commissioners Vv{e}ra Jourov  and Thierry Breton, the initiative is set to address a wide range of persisting challenges faced by European media outlets, including political and economic pressures, unjustified interference with editorial independence, failing business models supporting journalism and issues surrounding media pluralism. Considering the broad spectrum of concerns and the centrality of a pluralist media environment for the health of democracies, the European Commission’s commitment to the EMFA is commendable and urgent. With this submission, we would like to take the opportunity to respond to the European Commission’s public consultation on the EMFA.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@conference{Irion2022,

title = {The General Data Protection Regulation though the lens of digital sovereignty},

author = {Irion, K.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/irion-gdpr-and-digital-sovereignty-11mar22/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

booktitle = {EU CYBER DIRECT RESEARCH SEMINAR},

abstract = {This short contribution will present and discuss the European Union’s (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through the lens of ‘digital sovereignty. When high-ranking representatives of EU institutions endorsed digital sovereignty this has been interpreted as a signpost for a new-found assertiveness in EU digital policy. However, digital sovereignty is conceptually fuzzy and is used to animate a wide spectrum of geopolitical, normative, and industrial ambitions. In the context of the GDPR it makes sense to operationalize digital sovereignty as the ability of rules to assert authority in a global and interdependent digital ecosystem. Conceived this way, I will reflect on how the GDPR wields transnational capacity by design in the form of safeguards against inbound and outbound circumvention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {conference}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Grondrechten voor de vijand},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.montesquieu-instituut.nl/id/vlrjjfj3ptw8/nieuws/grondrechthttps://www.ivir.nl/hofvijver-28-maart-2022-opinie-grondrechten-voor-de-vijand/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {12},

issue = {129},

abstract = {Op 1 maart 2022 besloot de Raad van de Europese Unie tot een algemeen verbod op het doorgeven van de Russische propagandazenders RT (Russia Today) en Sputnik. In deze opinie wordt het standpunt ingenomen dat desinformatie moet worden bestreden, maar dat het middel van censuur erger is dan de kwaal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@misc{nokey,

title = {Online prijsdiscriminatie: heeft iedereen zijn prijs?},

author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/prijsdiscriminatie-aac/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-17},

note = {presentatie Amsterdamse Academische Club},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {presentation}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 7 december 2021 (Standard Verlagsgesellschaft / Oostenrijk)},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_jbp_2022_1/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-15},

journal = {Jurisprudentie Bescherming Persoonsgegevens},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {19-23},

abstract = {Standard Verlagsgesellschaft geeft in Oostenrijk een dagblad uit, dat ook online wordt gepubliceerd. Onder de redactionele artikelen kunnen geregistreerde lezers hun eigen commentaar plaatsen, desgewenst onder een schuilnaam. In de casus hadden drie lezers onder schuilnaam scherpe afkeuring uitgesproken over het gedrag van twee politici. Bij de nationale rechter vorderden de twee politici afgifte van de namen, adressen en woonplaatsen van de auteurs. De Oostenrijkse rechter wees de eis toe, maar het EHRM oordeelt anders. Weliswaar is het recht op bronbescherming niet van toepassing, maar de persvrijheid krachtens artikel 10 EVRM is toch geschonden.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Quintais2021e,

title = {The Interplay between the Digital Services Act and Sector Regulation: How Special is Copyright?},

author = {Quintais, J. and Schwemer, S. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ejrr_2022/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2022.1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-14},

urldate = {2022-03-14},

journal = {European Journal of Risk Regulation},

volume = {13},

issue = {2},

pages = {191-217},

abstract = {On 15 December 2020, the European Commission published its proposal for a Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). It carries out a regulatory overhaul of the 21-year- old horizontal rules on intermediary liability in the Directive and introduces new due diligence obligations for intermediary services.



Our analysis illuminates an important point that has so far received little attention: how would the Digital Services Act’s rules interact with existing sector-specific lex specialis rules? In this paper, we look specifically at the intersection of the Digital Services Act with the regime for online content sharing service providers (OCSSPs) set forth in art. 17 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive). At first glance, these regimes do not appear to overlap as the rules on copyright are lex specialis to the Digital Services Act. A closer look shows a more complex and nuanced picture. Our analysis concludes that the DSA will apply to OCSSPs insofar as it contains rules that regulate matters not covered by art. 17 CDSM Directive, as well as specific rules on matters where art. 17 leaves margin of discretion to Member States. This includes, to varying degrees, rules in the DSA relating to the liability of intermediary providers and to due diligence obligations for online platforms of different sizes. Importantly, we consider that such rules apply even where art. 17 CDSM Directive contains specific (but less precise) regulation on the matter.



From a normative perspective, this might be a desirable outcome, to the extent that the DSA aims to establish “uniform rules for a safe, predictable and trusted online environment, where fundamental rights enshrined in the Charter are effectively protected”. Based on our analysis, we suggest a number of clarifications that might be help achieve that goal. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {European Copyright Society \textendash Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal},

author = {Peukert, A. and Husovec, M. and Kretschmer, M. and Mezei, P. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/iic_2022/},

doi = {10.1007/s40319-022-01154-1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-14},

urldate = {2022-03-14},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {53},

issue = {3},

pages = {358-376},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Contribution to the public consultation on the Guidelines 05/2021 on the Interplay between the application of Article 3 and the provisions on international transfers as per Chapter V of the GDPR},

author = {Yakovleva, S. and Drechsler, L.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/public_consultation_edpb_transfers_v8/

https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2021/guidelines-052021-interplay-between-application_en},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {A vanishing right? The Sui Generis Database Right and the proposed Data Act},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/03/04/a-vanishing-right-the-sui-generis-database-right-and-the-proposed-data-act/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-10},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Web harvesting: auteursrechtelijke implicaties en oplossingsrichtingen},

author = {van Gompel, S. and Schumacher, L.D. and Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/auteursrecht_2022_1/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-03},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {1},

pages = {3-14},

abstract = {‘Web harvesting’ is het proces waarbij een web crawler \textendash een gespecialiseerd computerprogramma \textendash wordt ingezet om websites en internetpagina’s op geautomatiseerde wijze te verzamelen en toe te voegen aan een webarchief. Nederlandse erfgoedinstellingen gebruiken deze techniek bijvoorbeeld om websites aan hun collecties toe te voegen die op het Nederlandse publiek zijn gericht (‘nationale domeincrawl’). Web harvesting kan ook beperkt zijn tot specifiek geselecteerde websites die met een bepaald onderwerp of gebeurtenis samenhangen (‘beredeneerde selectie’). In Nederland gebeurt web harvesting thans enkel nog op kleine schaal. Web crawling gaat namelijk gepaard met talloze reproductiehandelingen, waarvoor vanuit auteursrechtelijk perspectief toestemming kan zijn vereist. Voor het herhaaldelijk en systematisch harvesten van grote hoeveelheden materiaal op het web is het verkrijgen van individuele toestemming een schier onmogelijke taak. Daarnaast willen erfgoedinstellingen het geharveste materiaal ook op een of andere manier ontsluiten om het gebruik voor algemene zin \textendash toegang tot het digitale culturele erfgoed te bieden. Dit artikel onderzoekt tegen deze achtergrond, mede aan de hand van een rechtsvergelijking met het buitenland, welke oplossingsrichtingen er binnen het huidige auteursrechtelijke kader bestaan om web harvesting-activiteiten door erfgoedinstellingen op grotere schaal mogelijk te maken. Dit is nodig om gaten in de archivering van het online Nederlands erfgoed te voorkomen en het digitale culturele erfgoed voor het nageslacht te bewaren en beschikbaar te stellen. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 22 juni 2021 Frank Peterson / Google \& YouTube (C 682/18) \& Elsevier / Cyando AG (C 683/18)},

author = {Quintais, J. and Angelopoulos, C.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_auteursrecht_2022_1/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-03},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {46-51},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Rechtbank Midden-Nederland 22 december 2021 (VVZBI/KVK)},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/annotatie_auteursrecht_2022_71/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-03},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

issue = {1},

pages = {71-72},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Data na de dood: Zwevend tussen contract en gegevensbescherming},

author = {van Eechoud, M. and Schumacher, L.D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NJB_2022_355.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-14},

journal = {Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB)},

number = {355},

issue = {6},

pages = {396-405},

abstract = {Mensen zijn zich nog weinig bewust van wat de implicaties van overlijden zijn voor het digitale bezit dat ze nalaten, terwijl iedereen hier steeds meer van heeft. Opvattingen verschillen over de mate waarin erfgenamen toegang moeten krijgen; er is nog weinig bekend over (veranderende) maatschappelijke opvattingen daarover. Omdat digitale communicatie geregeerd wordt door standaardovereenkomsten met aanbieders van informatiediensten, wordt ook de positie van erfgenamen daar primair door bepaald. Tegelijkertijd hebben veel aanbieders nog geen doordacht ‘overlijdensbeleid’ en daarbij passende voorwaarden en tools. Het lijkt tijd dat de (Europese) wetgever daar wat aan gaat veranderen. Om op kortere termijn te zorgen voor meer rechtszekerheid, zou de Nederlandse wetgever in ieder geval enkele specifieke plichten en rechten uit de AVG van toepassing kunnen verklaren op de persoonsgegevens van overleden gebruikers van informatiediensten.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {The Algorithmic Learning Deficit: Artificial Intelligence, Data Protection and Trade},

author = {Yakovleva, S. and van Hoboken, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/the-algorithmic-learning-deficit.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919234.014},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-10},

urldate = {2022-02-10},

booktitle = {Big Data and Global Trade Law, Mira Burri (ed.) Cambridge University Press, 2021},

pages = {212-230},

chapter = {10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {DJs are Phonogram Producers, says Dutch Supreme Court},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/31/djs-are-phonogram-producers-says-dutch-supreme-court/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-31},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors: An interdisciplinary exploration},

author = {Fahy, R. and Dobber, T. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Shires, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/MaastrichtJournalofEuropeanandComparativeLaw_2021_6.pdf},

doi = {10.1177/1023263X211042471},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-25},

urldate = {2021-12-31},

journal = {Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law},

pages = {856-877},

abstract = {This article discusses a problem that has received scant attention in literature: microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors. Microtargeting involves collecting information about people, and using that information to show them targeted political advertisements. Such microtargeting enables advertisers to target ads to specific groups of people, for instance people who visit certain websites, forums, or Facebook groups. This article focuses on one type of microtargeting: microtargeting by foreign actors. For example, Russia has targeted certain groups in the US with ads, aiming to sow discord. Foreign actors could also try to influence European elections, for instance by advertising in favour of a certain political party. Foreign propaganda possibilities existed before microtargeting. This article explores two questions. In what ways, if any, is microtargeted propaganda by foreign actors different from other foreign propaganda? What could lawmakers in Europe do to mitigate the risks of microtargeted propaganda?},

note = {MJ, vol. 28, nr. 6, 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Irion2021e,

title = {European audiovisual media policy in the age of global video on demand services: A case study of Netflix in the Netherlands},

author = {Idiz, D. R and Irion, K. and Ebbers, J. and Vliegenthart, R.},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1386/jdmp_00070_1https://www.ivir.nl/idiz-irion-vliegenhard-ebbers-2021-jdmp-2/},

doi = {10.1386/jdmp_00070_1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-25},

urldate = {2022-01-25},

journal = {Journal of Digital Media \& Policy},

volume = {12},

number = {3},

pages = {425-449},

abstract = {This article considers the provisions in the European Union’s revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive concerning video on demand (VOD) services and the effectiveness of supply-side cultural diversity regulations in achieving their purported policy goals of increased production and consumption of European works. Because the Netherlands is the ‘country of origin’ to several multinational VOD services, including Netflix, we conducted a case study of this specific national context. We examine the quota for and prominence of European works, as well as different forms of financial obligations. We find that the former two policy tools may require new strategies to effectively reach their objectives in a nonlinear context. Our evidence also indicates that the latter remains controversial in the domestic audiovisual industry, as stakeholder positions are dependent on the type(s) of production stimulated. Based on this, we argue that securing the independence of producers and ensuring VOD services are transparent with respect to performance data are essential to promoting source diversity and a sustainable value chain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Article 17, the year in review (2021 edition)},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/24/article-17-the-year-in-review-2021-edition/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-24},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {European Copyright Society (ECS): Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal},

author = {Peukert, A. and Husovec, M. and Kretschmer, M. and Mezei, P. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2022/01/18/european-copyright-society-ecs-comment-on-copyright-and-the-digital-services-act-proposal/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-18},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Lockdowns zijn niet meer te rechtvaardigen},

author = {Baarsma, B. and Broek-Altenburg, E. van den and Berg, G. van den and Dommering, E. and Teulings, C.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/nrc_14jan2022.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-14},

journal = {NRC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Naar een coronabeleid zonder lockdowns},

author = {Baarsma, B. and Broek-Altenburg, E. van den and Berg, G. van den and Dommering, E. and Teulings, C.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/ESB_13jan2022.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-13},

journal = {ESB},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {No Trademark Protection for Artworks in the Public Domain \textendash A Practical Guide to the Application of Public Order and Morality as Grounds for Refusal},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

url = {https://academic.oup.com/grurint/article/71/1/3/6349172

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/grurint_2022_1.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikab107},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-11},

journal = {GRUR International},

volume = {71},

number = {1},

pages = {3-17},

abstract = {With its 2017 landmark decision in Vigeland, the Court of Justice of the European Free Trade Association States (EFTA Court) has paved the way for the invocation of public order and morality as grounds for refusal when trademark protection is sought for cultural expressions in the public domain. Dealing with an attempt to register artworks of the famous Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland as trademarks, the EFTA Court took this step to safeguard the public domain status of literary and artistic works after the expiry of copyright, shield cultural creations against ‘commercial greed’ and ensure the freedom of the arts.1 Trademark examiners and judges seeking to follow in the footsteps of the EFTA Court, however, may find it difficult to operationalize the Vigeland criteria and put corresponding arguments for refusal into practice. Against this background, the following analysis provides guidelines for the practical application of public order and morality arguments in cultural heritage cases. It describes problems arising from the grant of trademark rights in cultural public domain material (Section I) and the traditional reluctance of trademark offices and courts to rely on public order and morality considerations in this context (Section II). After this statement of the problem, the criteria following from the Vigeland decision will be introduced (Section III) before we explore the practical implementation of the EFTA Court’s morality (Section IV) and public order (Section V) arguments in more detail. The final Section VI summarizes the results of the analysis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The rise of NFTs: These aren't the droids you're looking for},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Giannopoulou, A. and Quintais, J. and Mezei, P.},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4000423},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-04},

journal = {European Intellectual Property Review},

abstract = {Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are hailed as revolutionary tools that will empower artists and revolutionize copyright management and remuneration. This article explores their copyright relevance, and it describes how copyright might apply in relation to NFT creation and trading. In doing so, it provides an overview of the ecosystem of actors built around NFTs, and it analyzes the role of these actors according to the European copyright normative framework.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash fourth trimester of 2021},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/12/27/eu-copyright-law-round-up-fourth-trimester-of-2021/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-27},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Social Welfare, Risk Profiling and Fundamental Rights: The Case of SyRI in the Netherlands},

author = {Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/jipitec_2021_4.pdf

https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-4-2021/5407},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-16},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {12},

number = {4},

pages = {257-271},

abstract = {This article discusses the use of automated decisioning-making (ADM) systems by public administrative bodies, particularly systems designed to combat social-welfare fraud, from a European fundamental rights law perspective. The article begins by outlining the emerging fundamental rights issues in relation to ADM systems used by public administrative bodies. Building upon this, the article critically analyses a recent landmark judgment from the Netherlands and uses this as a case study for discussion of the application of fundamental rights law to ADM systems by public authorities more generally. In the so-called SyRI judgment, the District Court of The Hague held that a controversial automated welfare-fraud detection system (SyRI), which allows the linking and analysing of data from an array of government agencies to generate fraud-risk reports on people, violated the right to private life, guaranteed under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The Court held that SyRI was insufficiently transparent, and contained insufficient safeguards, to protect the right to privacy, in violation of Article 8 ECHR. This was one of the first times an ADM system being used by welfare authorities has been halted on the basis of Article 8 ECHR. The article critically analyses the SyRI judgment from a fundamental rights perspective, including by examining how the Court brought principles contained in the General Data Protection Regulation within the rubric of Article 8 ECHR as well as the importance the Court attaches to the principle of transparency under Article 8 ECHR. Finally, the article discusses how the Dutch government responded to the judgment. and discusses proposed new legislation, which is arguably more invasive, with the article concluding with some lessons that can be drawn for the broader policy and legal debate on ADM systems used by public authorities. implications.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {YouTube Copyright Transparency Report: Overblocking is real},

author = {Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/12/09/youtube-copyright-transparency-report-overblocking-is-real/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-10},

urldate = {2021-12-10},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 25 mei 2021 (Big Brother Watch e.a. / Verenigd Koninkrijk) en Hof van Justitie EU 6 oktober 2020 (La Quadrature du Net e.a. / Premier ministre e.a.)},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_362.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-07},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {49},

pages = {6225-6237},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden 25 mei 2021 (Atlantic/Marell Boats)},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Auteursrecht_2021_4.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-02},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {4},

pages = {228-229},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 6 oktober 2021 (Van Haga / LinkedIn)},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Mf_2021_6.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-02},

journal = {Mediaforum},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {206-208},

abstract = {Het Tweede Kamerlid Van Haga heeft op zijn LinkedIn profielpagina berichten geplaatst waarin hij de gevaren van het coronavirus in twijfel trok. Het bedrijf LinkedIn heeft eerst een paar van deze berichten verwijderd en daarna  het account van Van Haga helemaal be\"{e}indigd. In het kort geding ging het onder meer om de vraag in hoeverre Van Haga beschermd wordt door de vrijheid van meningsuiting.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Introduction: An Information Law Approach to Intellectual Property and Sports},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Poort, J. and van Eechoud, M. and van Gompel, S. and Helberger, N.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

urldate = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {3-11},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {'The Portrait of a Gentleman'- The Cruijff Case},

author = {Dommering, E.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {75-84},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Sports as Policy Levers in Intellectual Property Lawmaking},

author = {van Gompel, S.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

urldate = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {119-130},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Do We Need More Copyright Protection for Sports Events?},

author = {Quintais, J.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {143-156},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {An Economic Note on Reselling Tickets},

author = {Poort, J.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {211-216},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Sacrificing the Gods on the Altar of Sports: The Redefinition of Cultural Symbols in the Sports Sector},

author = {Senftleben, M.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {233-247},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {Database Rights in the EU's Data Strategy: A Question of Sport?},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {251-261},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {'Voetbal Hoort niet bij Robots': Attitudes Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Refereeing},

author = {Helberger, N. and Zarouali, B.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {395-409},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {AI-JAX},

author = {Gervais, D.J.},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-30},

booktitle = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

pages = {437-448},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Study on emerging issues on collective licensing practices in the digital environment},

author = {Bulayenko, O. and van Gompel, S. and and Handke, C. and Peeters, R. and Poort, J. and Quintais, J. and Regeczi, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Study_on_collective_practices_in_the_digital_environment.pdf

https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/reports-collective-management-and-extended-licensing},

doi = {10.2759/611658},

isbn = {978-92-76-39981-0},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-25},

abstract = {Collective management of copyright and related rights is an important element of the copyright system. First and foremost, it can ensure that rightholders reap greater rewards. By exploiting economies of scale and network effects, collective management can also make markets for copyright licences more efficient, to benefit users and other stakeholders. This study examines two central aspects of collective management of copyright and related rights in Europe.

Part I documents the development of multi-territorial licensing of online rights in musical works in the European Economic Area (EEA) under Title III of Directive 2014/26/EU on Collective management of copyright and related rights and multi-territorial licensing of rights in musical works for online use in the internal market (CRM Directive). It highlights the consequences of legal and regulatory reform, based on pervasive quantitative and qualitative data \textendash produced in surveys, interviews and a workshop with stakeholders \textendash and collected among collective management organisations (CMOs), rightholders, online music service providers, and national competent authorities.

Part II examines national mechanisms of collective licensing with an extended effect and comprehensive network of national experts, complemented by surveys of CMOs, as well as interviews with national competent authorities. 

The present study provides a legal and economic analysis that can serve as input for the European Commission to draft the reports required by Article 40 of the CRM Directive and Article 12(6) of the Directive 2019/790/EU on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market (DSM Directive).



},

note = {Study written by Ecorys, IViR and Erasmus University Rotterdam, commissioned by the European Commission.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Webharvesting},

author = {Senftleben, M. and van Gompel, S. and Helmond, A. and Schumacher, L.D. and Ausloos, J. and van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Webharvesting_WODC.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-25},

urldate = {2021-11-25},

abstract = {Aan het volgende onderzoeksrapport ligt de doelstelling ten grondslag om te inventariseren wat juridisch, beleidsmatig en technisch nodig is om webharvesting mogelijk te maken, onder meer in de vorm van een zogenaamde nationale “domeincrawl”: het systematische kopi\"{e}ren en archiveren van webpagina’s die een afspiegeling vormen van de Nederlandse sociale, culturele, economische, juridische, politieke en wetenschappelijke geschiedenis online.},

note = {Onderzoek in opdracht van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC), 20 september 2021, WODC rapport 3142.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@online{nokey,

title = {The Regulatory Landscape for Copyright Content Moderation: Evaluation and Future Trajectories},

author = {Quintais, J. and Kowalewska Jahromi, H. and Mezei, P. and Priora, G. and Reda, J. and Riis, T. and Schwemer, S. and Szkalej, K.},

url = {https://www.recreating.eu/2021/10/19/webinar-16-november-the-regulatory-landscape-for-copyright-content-moderation-evaluation-and-future-trajectories/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HketusMjEFk},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-25},

abstract = {This webinar took place on 16 November 2021 and addressed the current status and future avenues for copyright content moderation in EU law, including a discussion on the rules on liability for online content-sharing service providers.},

note = {Webinar ReCreating Europe 16 November 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Het coronabeleid is onconstitutioneel},

author = {Dommering, E.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NJB_Opinie_2021.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-25},

journal = {Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB)},

number = {41},

pages = {3396-3398},

abstract = {De Staat is verplicht om in te grijpen bij het uitbreken van een pandemie van een gevaarlijke ziekte en moet dan maatregelen treffen om deze zoveel mogelijk in te dammen. Maar daarbij hoort een ingewikkelde afweging van conflicterende fundamentele rechten, belangen en redelijkerwijze van de ingreep te verwachten gevolgen. Deze noodzakelijke grondrechtelijke toetsing was, is en blijft maar achterwege bij de coronamaat-regelen die in Nederland uitgevaardigd worden.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 8 september 2020 (RAAP/PPI)},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Auteursrecht_2021_2.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-23},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

volume = {2021},

number = {2},

pages = {77-79},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The perils of legally defining disinformation},

author = {Fahy, R. and Helberger, N. and Appelman, N.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/InternetPolicyReview_2021.pdf},

doi = {10.14763/2021.4.1584},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-12},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {4},

abstract = {EU policy considers disinformation to be harmful content, rather than illegal content. However, EU member states have recently been making disinformation illegal. This article discusses the definitions that form the basis of EU disinformation policy, and analyses national legislation in EU member states applicable to the definitions of disinformation, in light of freedom of expression and the proposed Digital Services Act. The article discusses the perils of defining disinformation in EU legislation, and including provisions on online platforms being required to remove illegal content, which may end up being applicable to overbroad national laws criminalising false news and false information.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{nokey,

title = {Evaluatie PNR Wet},

author = {Irion, K. and Es, R. van and Meeren, K. van der and Dijkman, D.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/evaluatie-pnr-wet-1.pdf

https://repository.wodc.nl/handle/20.500.12832/3118},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-11},

abstract = {Op 18 juni 2019 is de Wet gebruik van passagiersgegevens voor de bestrijding van terroristische en ernstige misdrijven (PNR-wet) in werking getreden. Deze wet verplicht de luchtvaartmaatschappijen om passagiersgegevens van elke vlucht die in Nederland vertrekt of aankomt te verstrekken aan de Passagiersinformatie-eenheid Nederland (Pi-NL). De Pi-NL mag krachtens deze wet verzamelde passagiersgegevens uitsluitend verwerken voor het voorkomen, opsporen, onderzoeken en vervolgen van terroristische misdrijven en ernstige criminaliteit. Met de aanname van de PNR-wet voldoet de Nederlandse wetgever aan zijn plicht om de EU-richtlijn 2016/681 (PNR-richtlijn) te implementeren. Dit onderzoek vervult de verplichting uit artikel 25 van de PNR-wet dat twee jaar na de inwerkingtreding van de wet een evaluatie dient plaats te vinden van de doeltreffendheid en de effecten van deze wet in de praktijk. Deze evaluatie is ook gericht op de naleving van de privacywaarborgen en op de verwerking van passagiersgegevens van intra-EU-vluchten. De periode waarop deze evaluatie betrekking heeft, loopt van de inwerkingtreding van de wet op 18 juni 2019 tot 5 juli 2021},

note = {WODC Rapport 3181, geschreven door K. Irion, R. van Es (IViR), K. van der Meeren \& D. Dijkman (It's Public), november 2021},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Janssen2021c,

title = {Persoonlijke PIMS: privacyfort of luchtkasteel?},

author = {Janssen, H.},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {Privacy \& Informatie},

number = {5},

pages = {214-225},

abstract = {Persoonsgegevens worden thans veelal op ondoorzichtige wijze, buiten de controle van de betrokkenen verwerkt. Persoonlijke informatiebeheersystemen (PIMS) willen betrokkenen technologische toepassingen aanreiken, die hun meer controle geven over de verwerking van hun persoonsgegevens. PIMS presenteren zich als alternatief voor de huidige, ‘gecentraliseerde’ wijze van gegevensverwerking, waarbij (grote) organisaties persoonsgegevens op meestal ondoorzichtige wijze verzamelen, analyseren en doorgeven aan derden. PIMS bieden betrokkenen technische instrumenten waarmee zij zelf kunnen controleren en bepalen wanneer en aan wie zijn hun gegevens overdragen, en/of analyses over hun gegevens kunnen laten uitvoeren. Hoewel argumenten voor deze ‘decentralisatie’

aantrekkelijk klinken, rijzen vragen over de mate waarin PIMS de problemen met de huidige gegevensverwerking effectief kunnen bestrijden. In dit artikel ligt de focus bij de vraag in hoeverre deze PIMS de machtsongelijkheid tussen betrokkenen en grote organisaties daadwerkelijk kunnen bestrijden, die als gevolg van de huidige gegevensverwerkingspraktijk zijn ontstaan. PIMS kunnen enig inzicht in en controle over gegevensverwerking bieden, maar desondanks zal de machtsongelijkheid grotendeels blijven voortbestaan.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@inbook{nokey,

title = {From Risk to Reward? The DSA's risk-based approach to disinformation},

author = {Pentney, K. and McGonagle, T.},

url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-special-2021-01en-dsa-package/1680a43e45},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

urldate = {2021-10-28},

booktitle = {Unravelling the Digital Services Act package', M. Cappello (ed.), IRIS Special, Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory},

pages = {40-57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Kamelen, tijgers en de Wet Open Overheid},

author = {Hins, A.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Kamelen-tijgers-en-de-Wet-Open-Overheid.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-25},

journal = {De Hofvijver},

volume = {11},

abstract = {Opinie naar aanleiding van de aanvaarding door de Eerste Kamer op 5 oktober 2021 van twee wetsvoorstellen die hebben geleid tot de Wet open overheid.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giannopoulou2021,

title = {Putting Data Protection by Design on the Blockchain},

author = {Giannopoulou, A.},

doi = {10.21552/edpl/2021/3/7},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-22},

urldate = {2021-10-22},

journal = {European Data Protection Law Review},

volume = {7},

number = {3},

pages = {388-399},

abstract = {The principle of data protection by design, as it is enshrined in article 25 of the GDPR, is difficult to apply in blockchains. This article will assess how the reliance on asymmetric encryption and other privacy enhancing technological architectures -necessary in a blockchain-based system- approach both user control and data protection by design compliance from the single scope of anonymization and unlinkability. Data subjects’ rights, accountability, and the potential shortcomings of applied technological constraints are thus sidelined. Ultimately, this limited understanding of technological privacy, acts as a misguiding set of principles for technological co-regulation through standardisation in blockchains. The standardization of these choices without a holistic analysis of data protection by design imperatives could ultimately weaken the position of data subjects, whose trust in the technological protections of personal data might prove to be relatively misplaced.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Irion2021e,

title = {Governing “European values” inside data flows: : interdisciplinary perspectives},

author = {Irion, K. and Kolk, A. and Buri, M. and Milan, S.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/european-values},

doi = {10.14763/2021.3.1582},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-11},

urldate = {2021-10-11},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

abstract = {This editorial introduces ten research articles, which form part of this special issue, exploring the governance of “European values” inside data flows. Protecting fundamental human rights and critical public interests that undergird European societies in a global digital ecosystem poses complex challenges, especially because the United States and China are leading in novel technologies. We envision a research agenda calling upon different disciplines to further identify and understand European values that can adequately perform under conditions of transnational data flows.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bod\'{o}2021b,

title = {Personal data ordering in context: the interaction of meso-level data governance regimes with macro frameworks},

author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Irion, K. and Janssen, H. and Giannopoulou, A.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/personal-data-ordering-context-interaction-meso-level-data-governance-regimes},

doi = {10.14763/2021.3.1581},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-11},

urldate = {2021-10-11},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

abstract = {The technological infrastructures enabling the collection, processing, and trading of data have fuelled a rapid innovation of data governance models. We differentiate between macro, meso, and micro level models, which correspond to major political blocks; societal-, industry-, or community level systems, and individual approaches, respectively. We focus on meso-level models, which coalesce around: (1) organisations prioritising their own interests over interests of other stakeholders; (2) organisations offering technological and legal tools aiming to empower individuals; (3) community-based data intermediaries fostering collective rights and interests. In this article we assess these meso-level models, and discuss their interaction with the macro-level legal frameworks that have evolved in the US, the EU, and China. The legal landscape has largely remained inconsistent and fragmented, with enforcement struggling to keep up with the latest developments. We argue, first, that the success of meso-logics is largely defined by global economic competition, and, second, that these meso-logics may potentially put the EU’s macro-level framework with its mixed internal market and fundamental rights-oriented model under pressure. We conclude that, given the relative absence of a strong macro level-framework and an intensive competition of governance models at meso-level, it may be challenging to avoid compromises to the European macro framework. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2021d,

title = {Copyright and Artificial Creation: Does EU Copyright Law Protect AI-Assisted Output?},

author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-021-01115-0},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01115-0},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-07},

urldate = {2021-10-07},

journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law },

volume = {52},

number = {9},

pages = {1190-1216},

abstract = {This article queries whether and to what extent works produced with the aid of AI systems \textendash AI-assisted output \textendash are protected under EU copyright standards. We carry out a doctrinal legal analysis to scrutinise the concepts of “work”, “originality” and “creative freedom”, as well as the notion of authorship, as set forth in the EU copyright acquis and developed in the case-law of the Court of Justice. On this basis, we develop a four-step test to assess whether AI-assisted output qualifies as an original work of authorship under EU law, and how the existing rules on authorship may apply. Our conclusion is that current EU copyright rules are generally suitable and sufficiently flexible to deal with the challenges posed by AI-assisted output.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Trapova2021c,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash third trimester of 2021},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/10/07/eu-copyright-law-round-up-third-trimester-of-2021/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-07},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Senftleben2021b,

title = {The Siren Song of the Subtle Copycat - Revisiting Trademark Law with Insights from Consumer Research},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Horen, F. van},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3922568

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TheTrademarkReporter_2021_4.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-01},

journal = {The Trademark Reporter},

volume = {111},

number = {4},

pages = {739-777},

abstract = {The architecture of trademark protection systems rests on the assumption that brand imitation strategies are particularly harmful when they seek to achieve a high level of similarity by copying specific trademarked features of the original brand. Marketing research, however, shows that this assumption is doubtful. Subtle, theme-based imitation strategies \textendash aiming at a modest degree of similarity \textendash may allow copycats to garner greater profits and manipulate consumers’ purchasing decisions. Like an enchanting siren song, they may lure customers away from the original products of brand owners. Against this background, the paper discusses the question whether trademark law should be recalibrated.

To lay groundwork for this discussion, the analysis outlines central functions of trademarks in today’s market economy before describing, on the basis of EU trademark law, the traditional approach to copycat strategies from a marketing and legal perspective. Introducing insights from recent marketing research, the paper explains why subtle, theme-based strategies may be more harmful than blatant, feature-based copying. The further examination places this insight in a legal context. Contrasting the empirical findings of marketing research with traditional assessment schemes in EU trademark law, it becomes apparent that there is a remarkable mismatch between legal theory and market reality. Current trademark provisions are not aligned with “real life” consumer perception. As a result, copycats with a subtle imitation strategy remain under the radar of applicable infringement tests. This dilemma is taken as a starting point to discuss the need for reforms in trademark law.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@book{Sax2021f,

title = {Between Empowerment and Manipulation: The Ethics and Regulation of For-Profit Health Apps},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/sax_info_47-2/},

isbn = {9789403537917},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-30},

urldate = {2021-09-30},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},

series = {Information Law Series},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@article{Reda2021bb,

title = {A Proposal to leverage Article 17 to build a public repository of Public Domain and openly licensed works},

author = {Reda, J. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/09/23/a-proposal-to-leverage-article-17-to-build-a-public-repository-of-public-domain-and-openly-licensed-works/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-23},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Angelopoulos2021,

title = {De reikwijdte van artikel 17 DSM-richtlijn in het licht van het verbod op algemene toezichtverplichtingen: een Odyssee},

author = {Angelopoulos, C. and Senftleben, M. and Thije, P. ten},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Auteursrecht_2021_3.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-21},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {3},

pages = {120-142},

abstract = {Met de Richtlijn auteursrechten en naburige rechten in de digitale eengemaakte markt (‘DSM-RL’) zijn nieuwe wettelijke verplichtingen op het terrein van het filteren van online content ontstaan. Aanbieders van onlinediensten voor het delen van content (‘OCSSPs’) dienen \textendash op basis van door rechthebbenden verstrekte informatie \textendash ervoor te zorgen dat beschermd materiaal niet beschikbaar is op hun platforms. Tegelijkertijd bevestigt artikel 17 lid 8 DSM-RL dat de nieuwe auteursrechtelijke regels niet tot een algemene toezichtverplichting moeten leiden. Ondanks de nieuwe filterverplichtingen heeft de Uniewetgever het traditionele verbod op een algemene toezichtverplichting \textendash dat al 20 jaar deel uitmaakt van de regeling van aansprakelijkheidsprivileges in de Richtlijn inzake elektronische handel (‘REH’) \textendash uitdrukkelijk overeind gehouden. Ook het voorstel van de Europese Commissie voor een Digital Services Act (‘DSA’) houdt het verbod op algemene toezichtverplichtingen in stand. Tegen deze achtergrond rijst de vraag hoe de nieuwe auteursrechtelijke filterverplichtingen moeten worden uitgelegd om een verboden algemene toezichtverplichting te voorkomen. De volgende analyse geeft antwoord op deze vraag op basis van een nadere bespreking van het verbod op algemene toezichtverplichtingen in de REH, de DSM-RL en het DSA-voorstel. Naast relevante rechtspraak van het HvJ EU komt het nauwe verband tussen het verbod op algemene toezichtverplichtingen en fundamentele rechten aan de orde.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Helberger2021bb,

title = {Conditions for technological solutions in a COVID-19 exit strategy, with particular focus on the legal and societal conditions},

author = {Helberger, N. and Eskens, S. and Strycharz, J. and Bouch\`{e}, G. and van Hoboken, J. and Mil, J. van and Toh, J. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/covid-report-1.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-13},

abstract = {Which legal, ethical and societal conditions need to be fulfilled for the use of digital solutions in managing the COVID-19 exit-strategy? This was the central question of this research. Digital technologies can be part of solutions to societal challenges, for example to manage the pandemic and lead the Netherlands out of the COVID-19 crisis. One set of technologies that figured particularly prominently in that debate was the use of contact tracing apps like the CoronaMelder, as well as digital vaccination passports (CoronaCheck app).  

In the Netherlands, Europe and worldwide, the introduction of apps such as the CoronaMelder or the CoronaCheck app was met by criticism from experts, politicians, civil society and academics. Concerns range from the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of such apps, uncertainty about the conditions that need to be fulfilled to reach their goal, our growing dependency on technology companies up to worries about the fundamental rights and adverse effects for vulnerable groups, such as elderly or users without a smart phone. 

The overall goal of the research was to monitor the societal, ethical and legal implications of implementing apps like the CoronaMelder, and from that draw lessons for the future use of ‘technology-assisted governance solutions’. One important conclusion from the report is that ‘there are no easy technological fixes, and in order for a technological solution to work, it needs to be part of a broader vision on what such a solution needs to function in society, achieve its intended goals and respect the fundamental rights of users as well as non-users.’ The report also offers critical reflections on the need for democratic legitimisation and accountability, the role of big tech and insights on the societal impact of the CoronaMelder and other technological solutions.

},

note = {Report for ZonMw, written by N. Helberger, S. Eskens, J. Strycharz, G. Bouch\`{e}, J. van Hoboken, J. van Mil, J. Toh, with N. Appelman, J. van Apeldoorn, M. van Eechoud, N. van Doorn, M. Sax \& C. de Vreese, September 2021, Amsterdam},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Editorial independence in an automated media system},

author = {Drunen, M. van},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/editorial-independence-automated-media-system},

doi = {10.14763/2021.3.1569},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-13},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

volume = {10},

number = {3},

abstract = {The media has increasingly grown to rely on automated decision-making to produce and distribute news. This trend challenges our understanding of editorial independence by transforming the role of human editorial judgment and creating new dependencies on external software and data providers, engineers, and platforms. Recent policy initiatives such as the EU’s Media Action Plan and Digital Services Act are now beginning to revisit the way law can enable the media to act independently in the context of new technological tools and actors. Fully understanding and addressing the challenges automation poses to editorial independence, however, first requires better normative insight into the functions editorial independence performs in European media policy. This article provides a normative framework of editorial independence’s functions in European media policy and uses it to explore the new challenges posed by the automation of editorial decision-making.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@book{ils2021,

title = {Intellectual Property and Sports: Essays in Honour of P. Bernt Hugenholtz},

author = {Senftleben, M. and Poort, J. and van Eechoud, M. and van Gompel, S. and Helberger, N.},

url = {https://lrus.wolterskluwer.com/store/product/intellectual-property-and-sports-essays-in-honour-of-p-bernt-hugenholtz/},

isbn = {9789403537337},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-09},

urldate = {2021-09-09},

volume = {46},

publisher = {Kluwer Law International},

series = {Information Law Series},

abstract = {Intellectual Property and Sports celebrates the enormous achievements of Professor Bernt Hugenholtz in the field of intellectual property and information law. Renowned intellectual property law expert Bernt Hugenholtz once warned, chiding the voracity of copyright, that reducing the subject matter test to mere originality and personal stamp might lead to ‘infinite expansion of the concept of the work of authorship. Anything touched by human hand, including for instance sports performances, would be deemed a work’. Focus on sports-related intellectual property issues offers an ideal starting point for exploring core questions on information law. Legal rules in sports and intellectual property evolve in a climate pervaded by powerful lobby pressures with new technologies that have a profound impact on developments in the sports arena. Indeed, the applicability of copyright law on sports events and players’ moves is one of the many topics discussed in this volume, which spans issues from those related to players and their performances and achievements, via those relevant to sports event organisers and clubs, to questions concerning event reporting and data and the growing role of AI technologies in sports.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {book}

}

@online{Appelman2021,

title = {Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation: Is Article 12 DSA a Paper Tiger?},

author = {Appelman, N. and Quintais, J. and Fahy, R.},

editor = {Verfassungsblog},

url = {https://verfassungsblog.de/power-dsa-dma-06/},

doi = {10.17176/20210901-233103-0.},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-01},

organization = {Verfassungsblog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Helberger2021bb,

title = {Towards Unfair Political Practices Law: Learning lessons from the regulation of unfair commercial practices for online political advertising},

author = {Helberger, N. and Dobber, T. and Vreese, C.H. de},

url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-3-2021/5338},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-26},

journal = {JIPITEC},

volume = {12},

number = {3},

pages = {273-296},

abstract = {Online political advertising operates in a tense forcefield between political and commercial elements and thus presents regulators with a difficult conundrum: because online political advertising is political rather than commercial speech, it is destined to follow a different regulatory tradition than commercial advertising. And yet many of the tools used, players involved and concerns triggered by modern online political advertising strategies very much resemble the tools, players and concerns in online commercial targeting. Commercial advertising is subject to consumer law and unfair advertising regulation, including rules about unfair commercial practices. Unfair commercial practices law and other rules about commercial advertising, however, are explicitly not applicable to forms of non-commercial political or ideological advertising. An important reason why this is so is the different level of protection of political and commercial speech under fundamental rights law standards. And yet with the ongoing commercial turn in advertising, the traditional division between forms of commercial and political advertising is no longer that self-evident. Also, it cannot be denied that commercial advertising law has a long tradition of thinking of where and how to draw the line between lawful advertising and unlawful persuasion through withholding or misleading consumers about the information they need to take informed decisions, or abusing superior knowledge, exerting undue psychological pressure and engaging in other forms of unfair behaviour. The question this article explores is whether there are lessons to be learned from the regulation of commercial advertising for the pending initiatives at the national and the European level to regulate online political advertising, and online political targeting in specific.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanEechoud2021bb,

title = {Please share nicely \textemdash From Database directive to Data (governance) acts},

author = {van Eechoud, M.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/08/18/please-share-nicely-from-database-directive-to-data-governance-acts/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-24},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Trapova2021,

title = {EU copyright law round up \textendash second trimester of 2021},

author = {Trapova, A. and Quintais, J.},

editor = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/08/16/eu-copyright-law-round-up-second-trimester-of-2021/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-16},

organization = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Reuver2021,

title = {Are we human, or are we users? The role of natural language processing in human-centric news recommenders that nudge users to diverse content},

author = {Reuver, M. and Mattis, N. and Sax, M. and Verberne, S. and Tintarev, N. and Helberger, N. and M\"{u}ller, J. and Vrijenhoek, S. and Fokkens, A. and Van Atteveldt, W.},

url = {https://aclanthology.org/2021.nlp4posimpact-1.6/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.nlp4posimpact-1.6},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-01},

journal = {The 1st Workshop on NLP for Positive Impact: NLP4PosImpact 2021 : proceedings of the workshop},

pages = {47-59},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bastian2021,

title = {Safeguarding the Journalistic DNA: Attitudes towards the Role of Professional Values in Algorithmic News Recommender Designs},

author = {Bastian, M. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912622},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-29},

journal = {Digital Journalism},

abstract = {In contrast to the extensive debate on the influence of algorithmic news recommenders (ANRs) on individual news diets, the interaction between such systems and journalistic norms and missions remain under-studied. The change in the relationship between journalists and the audience caused by the transition to personalized news delivery has profound consequences for the understanding of what journalism should be. To investigate how media practitioners perceive the impact of ANRs on their professional norms and media organizations’ missions, and how these norms and missions can be integrated into ANR design, this article looks at two quality newspapers from the Netherlands and Switzerland. Using an interview-based approach conducted with practitioners in different departments (e.g. journalists, data scientists, and product managers), it explores how ANRs interact with organization-centred and audience-centred journalistic values. The paper’s findings indicate a varying degree of prominence for specific values between individual practitioners in the context of their perception of ANRs. At the same time, the paper also reveals that some organization-centred (e.g. transparency) and most audience-centred (e.g. usability) values are viewed as prerequisites for successful ANR design by practitioners with different professional backgrounds.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Reda2021b,

title = {What Member States can learn from the AG opinion on Article 17},

author = {Reda, J. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/07/26/what-member-states-can-learn-from-the-ag-opinion-on-article-17/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-27},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@periodical{Sax2021bb,

title = {Opinie: Wie naar Dokter Quin gaat, betaalt de rekening voor technologie-kwakzalverij},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/opinie-wie-naar-dokter-quin-gaat-betaalt-de-rekening-voor-technologie-kwakzalverij~b58b6f64/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-20},

journal = {De Volkskrant},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {periodical}

}

@techreport{vanEechoud2021bb,

title = {Data na de dood - juridische aspecten van digitale nalatenschappen},

author = {van Eechoud, M. and Ausloos, J. and Loos, M. and Mak, C. and Reinhartz, B. and Schumacher, L.D. and Pol, L. },

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Data-na-de-dood.pdf

https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Datanadedood_summary.pdf

https://www.sectorplandls.nl/wordpress/news/data-after-death-legal-aspects-of-digital-inheritances/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-08},

urldate = {2021-07-08},

abstract = {Jaarlijks overlijden ruim 150.000 mensen en worden er dus ook ongeveer evenveel nalatenschappen afgewikkeld. Vrijwel zonder uitzondering laten overledenen digitale ‘bezittingen’ achter, zoals sociale media-accounts, e-mails, documenten opgeslagen in de cloud en (gebruiksrechten op) allerlei media en entertainment. De vraag is of het huidige Nederlandse wettelijk kader voldoende handvatten biedt om de bij afwikkeling van digitale nalatenschappen gemoeide private en publieke belangen te behartigen. De centrale onderzoeksvraag van deze studie is: Welke eventuele aanpassingen van het Nederlandse wettelijke kader zijn wenselijk met het oog op de adequate bescherming van private en publieke belangen gemoeid met het regelen en afwikkelen van digitale nalatenschappen?

Voor de beantwoording van deze vraag is om te beginnen een analyse gedaan van het beleid van aanbieders van veelgebruikte informatiediensten rond overlijden, en van de relevante voorwaarden die zij hanteren. Bronnen voor de analyse zijn gebruikersovereenkomsten, algemene voorwaarden, privacy policies en andere (openbare) documenten zoals FAQ’s. Informatiediensten aanbieders zijn onderscheiden in digitale mediadiensten (commercieel aanbod zoals streaming video of -muziek), communicatiediensten (waaronder sociale media en berichtendiensten) en ICT-diensten (o.a. cloudopslag en digitale kluizen). Vervolgens is het relevante wettelijke kader beschreven en zijn onduidelijkheden daarin ge\"{i}dentificeerd. Naast het erfrecht, betreft dit het overeenkomstenrecht en dan in het bijzonder consumentenrecht, intellectuele eigendomsrechten (met name auteursrecht), persoonlijkheidsrechten en gegevensbeschermingsrecht (Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming). Ook het algemene vermogensrecht is van belang, voor zover betrekking hebbend op de vraag welk digitaal ‘bezit’ in de nalatenschap valt. Tot slot is met het oog op het formuleren van oplossingsrichtingen, naar een selectie van wetgeving in andere landen gekeken.},

note = {Onderzoek in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, April 2021, Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2020-2021, 30696 nr. 52.



Auteurs: M.M.M. van Eechoud, J. Ausloos, M. Loos, C. Mak, B. Reinhartz, L. Schumacher \& L. Pol.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@inbook{Irion2021bb,

title = {Panta Rhei: A European Perspective on Ensuring a High Level of Protection of Human Rights in a World in Which Everything Flows},

author = {Irion, K.},

editor = {Burri, M.},

url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/big-data-and-global-trade-law/panta-rhei/B0E5D7851240E0D2F4562B3C6DFF3011},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108919234.015},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-07-05},

booktitle = {Big Data and Global Trade Law},

publisher = {Cambridge University Press},

chapter = {11},

abstract = {Human rights do remain valid currency in how we approach planetary-scale computation and accompanying data flows. Today’s system of human rights protection, however, is highly dependent on domestic legal institutions, which unravel faster than the reconstruction of fitting transnational governance institutions. The chapter takes a critical look at the construction of the data flow metaphor as a policy concept inside international trade law. Subsequently, it explores how the respect for human rights ties in with national constitutionalism that becomes increasingly challenged by the transnational dynamic of digital era transactions. Lastly, the chapter turns to international trade law and why its ambitions to govern cross-border data flows will likely not advance efforts to generate respect for human rights. In conclusion, the chapter advocates for a rebalancing act that recognizes human rights inside international trade law.

},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inbook}

}

@article{Sax2021b,

title = {Voorbij privacy: manipulatie is het \'{e}chte probleem in gezondheidsapps},

author = {Sax, M.},

url = {https://www.uitgeverijparis.nl/nl/reader/209785/1001582341},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-24},

journal = {Privacy \& Informatie},

number = {3},

pages = {117-120},

abstract = {Ze zijn enorm populair en zullen alleen nog maar populairder worden: gezondheidsapps. Er zijn populaire gezondheidsapps met tientallen tot soms honderden miljoenen gebruikers voor van alles en nog wat: dieetadviezen en calorie\"{e}ntellen (MyFitnessPal), meditatie en mindfulness (Headspace), het tracken en onderling vergelijken van sportactiviteiten (Strava), het tracken van je algehele bewegings- en gezondheidspatronen via een wearable (Fitbit), enzovoort. Hun huidige populariteit zal alleen nog maar toenemen, aangezien werkgevers en verzekeraars steeds nadrukkelijker het gebruik van gezondheidsapps aanprijzen. 1 Gezondheid is goed, meer gezondheid is beter. Geweldig toch, die alsmaar toenemende populariteit van gezondheidsapps?},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2021b,

title = {Auteursrecht en artifici\"{e}le creatie},

author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Auteursrecht-2021-2.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-17},

journal = {Auteursrecht},

number = {2},

pages = {47-52},

abstract = {In dit artikel wordt de vraag gesteld of voortbrengselen die met behulp van AI-systemen tot stand zijn gebracht auteursrechtelijk beschermd kunnen zijn. Centraal in deze analyse staat niet de machine, maar de rol van de mens in het door het AI-systeem ondersteunde creatieve proces. Is deze rol voldoende om het resultaat als auteursrechtelijke beschermd werk te kwalificeren? En wie heeft in dat geval te gelden als maker(s)? Deze vragen worden aan de hand van het Unierecht en de jurisprudentie van het HvJ EU beantwoord. Dit artikel is gebaseerd op een studie die in opdracht van de Europese Commissie is verricht en aan de basis ligt van het door de Commissie in het Actieplan IE geformuleerde

beleidsstandpunt over AI-creaties.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@techreport{Daalen2021,

title = {The new rules for export control of cyber-surveillance items in the EU},

author = {van Daalen, O. and van Hoboken, J. and Koot, M. and Rucz, M.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Report-on-cybersurveillance-items.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-17},

urldate = {2021-06-17},

note = {Commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {techreport}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2021bb,

title = {Three Cheers for the DSM Directive’s Rules on Author’s Contracts \textendash and a Cautionary Note from the Netherlands},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/14/three-cheers-for-the-dsm-directives-rules-on-authors-contracts-and-a-cautionary-note-from-the-netherlands/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-14},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanHoboken2021b,

title = {Smartphone platforms as privacy regulators},

author = {van Hoboken, J. and Fahy, R.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Smartphone-platforms-as-privacy-regulators.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105557},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Computer Law \& Security Review},

volume = {41},

abstract = {A series of recent developments highlight the increasingly important role of online platforms in impacting data privacy in today's digital economy. Revelations and parliamentary hearings about privacy violations in Facebook's app and service partner ecosystem, EU Court of Justice judgments on joint responsibility of platforms and platform users, and the rise of smartphone app ecosystems where app behaviour is governed by app distribution platforms and operating systems, all show that platform policies can make or break the enjoyment of privacy by users. In this article, we examine these developments and explore the question of what can and should be the role of platforms in protecting data privacy of their users.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Seipp2021,

title = {News media’s dependency on big tech: should we be worried?},

author = {Seipp, T.},

url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/news-medias-dependency-big-tech-should-we-be-worried/1562},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Internet Policy Review},

note = {Opinion},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@online{Quintais2021-Guidance,

title = {Commission’s Guidance on Art. 17 CDSM Directive: the authorisation dimension},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/10/commissions-guidance-on-art-17-cdsm-directive-the-authorisation-dimension/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

organization = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {online}

}

@article{Quintais2021,

title = {Commission’s Guidance on Art. 17 CDSM Directive: the authorisation dimension},

author = {Quintais, J.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/10/commissions-guidance-on-art-17-cdsm-directive-the-authorisation-dimension/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-10},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hugenholtz2021,

title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 11 juni 2020 (Brompton Bicycle / Chedech/Get2Get},

author = {Hugenholtz, P.},

url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2021_175.pdf},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-04},

journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie},

number = {22},

pages = {3136-3138},

abstract = {Verzoek om een prejudici\"{e}le beslissing krachtens artikel 267 VWEU, ingediend door de tribunal de l’entreprise de Li\`{e}ge (ondernemingsrechtbank Luik, Belgi\"{e}) bij beslissing van 18 december 2018. Intellectuele en industri\"{e}le eigendom, auteursrecht en naburige rechten. Vouwfiets. Bescherming van werken op grond van het auteursrecht. Voor het bereiken van een technisch resultaat noodzakelijke vorm.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Reda2021,

title = {European Commission back-tracks on user rights in Article 17 Guidance},

author = {Reda, J. and Keller, P.},

url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/06/04/european-commission-back-tracks-on-user-rights-in-article-17-guidance/},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-04},

journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}