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| Cobbe, J., Janssen, H., Norval, C., Singh, J. Decentralised Data Processing: Personal Data Stores and the GDPR International Data Privacy Law, Forthcoming. @article{Janssen2021, title = {Decentralised Data Processing: Personal Data Stores and the GDPR}, author = {Janssen, H. and Cobbe, J. and Norval, C. and Singh, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3570895}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-04}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, abstract = {When it comes to online services, users have limited control over how their personal data is processed. This is partly due to the nature of the business models of those services, where data is typically stored and aggregated in data centres. This has recently led to the development of technologies aiming at leveraging user control over the processing of their personal data. Personal Data Stores (“PDSs”) represent a class of these technologies; PDSs provide users with a device, enabling them to capture, aggregate and manage their personal data. The device provides tools for users to control and monitor access, sharing and computation over data on their device. The motivation for PDSs are described as (i) to assist users with their confidentiality and privacy concerns, and/or (ii) to provide opportunities for users to transact with or otherwise monetise their data. While PDSs potentially might enable some degree of user empowerment, they raise interesting considerations and uncertainties in relation to the responsibilities under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). More specifically, the designations of responsibilities among key parties involved in PDS ecosystems are unclear. Further, the technical architecture of PDSs appears to restrict certain lawful grounds for processing, while technical means to identify certain category data, as proposed by some, may remain theoretical. We explore the considerations, uncertainties, and limitations of PDSs with respect to some key obligations under the GDPR. As PDS technologies continue to develop and proliferate, potentially providing an alternative to centralised approaches to data processing, we identify issues which require consideration by regulators, PDS platform providers and technologists.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } When it comes to online services, users have limited control over how their personal data is processed. This is partly due to the nature of the business models of those services, where data is typically stored and aggregated in data centres. This has recently led to the development of technologies aiming at leveraging user control over the processing of their personal data. Personal Data Stores (“PDSs”) represent a class of these technologies; PDSs provide users with a device, enabling them to capture, aggregate and manage their personal data. The device provides tools for users to control and monitor access, sharing and computation over data on their device. The motivation for PDSs are described as (i) to assist users with their confidentiality and privacy concerns, and/or (ii) to provide opportunities for users to transact with or otherwise monetise their data. While PDSs potentially might enable some degree of user empowerment, they raise interesting considerations and uncertainties in relation to the responsibilities under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). More specifically, the designations of responsibilities among key parties involved in PDS ecosystems are unclear. Further, the technical architecture of PDSs appears to restrict certain lawful grounds for processing, while technical means to identify certain category data, as proposed by some, may remain theoretical. We explore the considerations, uncertainties, and limitations of PDSs with respect to some key obligations under the GDPR. As PDS technologies continue to develop and proliferate, potentially providing an alternative to centralised approaches to data processing, we identify issues which require consideration by regulators, PDS platform providers and technologists. |
| Cobbe, J., Janssen, H., Singh, J. Personal Data Stores: a user-centric privacy utopia? Internet Policy Review, Forthcoming. @article{Janssen2021b, title = {Personal Data Stores: a user-centric privacy utopia?}, author = {Janssen, H. and Cobbe, J. and Singh, J.}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-04}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Sax, M. Optimization of what? For-profit health apps as manipulative digital environments Ethics and Information Technology, 2021, (Preprint available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3752597). @article{Sax2021, title = {Optimization of what? For-profit health apps as manipulative digital environments}, author = {Sax, M.}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-020-09576-6}, doi = {10.1007/s10676-020-09576-6}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-03}, journal = {Ethics and Information Technology}, abstract = {Mobile health applications (‘health apps’) that promise the user to help her with some aspect of her health are very popular: for-profit apps such as MyFitnessPal, Fitbit, or Headspace have tens of millions of users each. For-profit health apps are designed and run as optimization systems. One would expect that these health apps aim to optimize the health of the user, but in reality they aim to optimize user engagement and, in effect, conversion. This is problematic, I argue, because digital health environments that aim to optimize user engagement risk being manipulative. To develop this argument, I first provide a brief analysis of the underlying business models and the resulting designs of the digital environments provided by popular for-profit health apps. In a second step, I present a concept of manipulation that can help analyze digital environments such as health apps. In the last part of the article, I use my concept of manipulation to analyze the manipulative potential of for-profit health apps. Although for-profit health can certainly empower their users, the conditions for empowerment also largely overlap with the conditions for manipulation. As a result, we should be cautious when embracing the empowerment discourse surrounding health apps. An additional aim of this article is to contribute to the rapidly growing literature on digital choice architectures and the ethics of influencing behavior through such choice architectures. I take health apps to be a paradigmatic example of digital choice architectures that give rise to ethical questions, so my analysis of the manipulative potential of health apps can also inform the larger literature on digital choice architectures.}, note = {Preprint available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3752597}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mobile health applications (‘health apps’) that promise the user to help her with some aspect of her health are very popular: for-profit apps such as MyFitnessPal, Fitbit, or Headspace have tens of millions of users each. For-profit health apps are designed and run as optimization systems. One would expect that these health apps aim to optimize the health of the user, but in reality they aim to optimize user engagement and, in effect, conversion. This is problematic, I argue, because digital health environments that aim to optimize user engagement risk being manipulative. To develop this argument, I first provide a brief analysis of the underlying business models and the resulting designs of the digital environments provided by popular for-profit health apps. In a second step, I present a concept of manipulation that can help analyze digital environments such as health apps. In the last part of the article, I use my concept of manipulation to analyze the manipulative potential of for-profit health apps. Although for-profit health can certainly empower their users, the conditions for empowerment also largely overlap with the conditions for manipulation. As a result, we should be cautious when embracing the empowerment discourse surrounding health apps. An additional aim of this article is to contribute to the rapidly growing literature on digital choice architectures and the ethics of influencing behavior through such choice architectures. I take health apps to be a paradigmatic example of digital choice architectures that give rise to ethical questions, so my analysis of the manipulative potential of health apps can also inform the larger literature on digital choice architectures. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Artikel 18-23 DSM-richtlijn: Exploitatiecontracten AMI, 2020 (6), pp. 187-192, 2020. @article{Hugenholtz2020h, title = {Artikel 18-23 DSM-richtlijn: Exploitatiecontracten}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2020_6.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-18}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2020}, number = {6}, pages = {187-192}, abstract = {De DSM-richtlijn van 17 april 2019 bevat een zestal bepalingen op het gebied van het auteurscontractenrecht. Artikelen 18 tot en met 23 hebben niet alleen betrekking op de ‘billijke vergoeding van auteurs en uitvoerende kunstenaars in exploitatiecontracten’, zoals het opschrift van titel IV, hoofdstuk 3 van de richtlijn belooft, maar ook op transparantie, geschillenbeslechting en het recht op herroeping van verleende rechten. Hoewel de meeste van deze onderwerpen reeds een plaats hebben gevonden in hoofdstuk 1a van de huidige Auteurswet, noopt de richtlijn op een aantal punten tot wetswijziging. Dat geldt in het bijzonder voor de transparantieplicht, die in de huidige wet niet voorkomt. In deze bijdrage, onderdeel van een reeks van AMI-artikelen over de DSM-richtlijn, worden de auteurscontractenrechtelijke bepalingen van de richtlijn en de omzetting ervan besproken.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De DSM-richtlijn van 17 april 2019 bevat een zestal bepalingen op het gebied van het auteurscontractenrecht. Artikelen 18 tot en met 23 hebben niet alleen betrekking op de ‘billijke vergoeding van auteurs en uitvoerende kunstenaars in exploitatiecontracten’, zoals het opschrift van titel IV, hoofdstuk 3 van de richtlijn belooft, maar ook op transparantie, geschillenbeslechting en het recht op herroeping van verleende rechten. Hoewel de meeste van deze onderwerpen reeds een plaats hebben gevonden in hoofdstuk 1a van de huidige Auteurswet, noopt de richtlijn op een aantal punten tot wetswijziging. Dat geldt in het bijzonder voor de transparantieplicht, die in de huidige wet niet voorkomt. In deze bijdrage, onderdeel van een reeks van AMI-artikelen over de DSM-richtlijn, worden de auteurscontractenrechtelijke bepalingen van de richtlijn en de omzetting ervan besproken. |
| Gervais, D.J., Hugenholtz, P., Quintais, J. Trends and Developments in Artificial Intelligence: Challenges to Copyright Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Hugenholtz2020g, title = {Trends and Developments in Artificial Intelligence: Challenges to Copyright}, author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/12/16/trends-and-developments-in-artificial-intelligence-challenges-to-copyright/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-17}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Antal, D., Bodó, B., Puha, Z. PLoS ONE, 15 (12), 2020. @article{Bod\'{o}2020c, title = {Can scholarly pirate libraries bridge the knowledge access gap? An empirical study on the structural conditions of book piracy in global and European academia}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Antal, D. and Puha, Z.}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/articl=10.1371/journal.pone.0242509 }, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0242509}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-12-04}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {15}, number = {12}, abstract = {Library Genesis is one of the oldest and largest illegal scholarly book collections online. Without the authorization of copyright holders, this shadow library hosts and makes more than 2 million scholarly publications, monographs, and textbooks available. This paper analyzes a set of weblogs of one of the Library Genesis mirrors, provided to us by one of the service’s administrators. We reconstruct the social and economic factors that drive the global and European demand for illicit scholarly literature. In particular, we test if lower income regions can compensate for the shortcomings in legal access infrastructures by more intensive use of illicit open resources. We found that while richer regions are the most intensive users of shadow libraries, poorer regions face structural limitations that prevent them from fully capitalizing on freely accessible knowledge. We discuss these findings in the wider context of open access publishing, and point out that open access knowledge, if not met with proper knowledge absorption infrastructures, has limited usefulness in addressing knowledge access and production inequalities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Library Genesis is one of the oldest and largest illegal scholarly book collections online. Without the authorization of copyright holders, this shadow library hosts and makes more than 2 million scholarly publications, monographs, and textbooks available. This paper analyzes a set of weblogs of one of the Library Genesis mirrors, provided to us by one of the service’s administrators. We reconstruct the social and economic factors that drive the global and European demand for illicit scholarly literature. In particular, we test if lower income regions can compensate for the shortcomings in legal access infrastructures by more intensive use of illicit open resources. We found that while richer regions are the most intensive users of shadow libraries, poorer regions face structural limitations that prevent them from fully capitalizing on freely accessible knowledge. We discuss these findings in the wider context of open access publishing, and point out that open access knowledge, if not met with proper knowledge absorption infrastructures, has limited usefulness in addressing knowledge access and production inequalities. |
| Irion, K. Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2020, (38), 2020. @article{Irion2020d, title = {Panta rhei: A European Perspective on Ensuring a High-Level of Protection of Digital Human Rights in a World in Which Everything Flows}, author = {Irion, K.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3638864}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-30}, journal = {Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2020}, number = {38}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Allan, J., Gervais, D.J., Hartmann, C., Hugenholtz, P., Quintais, J. 2020, (Report written for the European Commission by P.B. Hugenholtz, D. Gervais, J.P. Quintais, C. Hartmann & J. Allan, completed September 2020. ISBN: 97892762244488). @techreport{Hugenholtz2020f, title = {Trends and Developments in Artificial Intelligence: Challenges to the Intellectual Property Rights Framework: Final Report}, author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Quintais, J. and Gervais, D.J. and Hartmann, C. and Allan, J.}, url = {https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/394345a1-2ecf-11eb-b27b-01aa75ed71a1/language-en https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Trends_and_Developments_in_Artificial_Intelligence-1.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-27}, abstract = {This report examines copyright and patent protection in Europe for AI-assisted outputs in general and in three priority domains: science (in particular, meteorology), media (journalism), and pharmaceutical research. It comprises an assessment of the state of the art of uses of AI in the three focus areas, and a legal analysis of how IP laws currently apply to AI-assisted creative and innovative outputs. The report concludes that the current state of the art in AI does not require or justify immediate substantive changes in copyright and patent law in Europe. The existing concepts of copyright and patent law are sufficiently abstract and flexible to meet the current challenges from AI. In addition, related rights regimes potentially extend to ‘authorless’ AI productions in a variety of sectors, and the sui generis database right may offer protection to AI-produced databases resulting from substantial investment. However, taking into account the practical implications of AI technologies, the report identifies specific avenues for future legal reform (if justified by empirical evidence), offers recommendations for improvements in the application of existing rules (e.g. via guidelines), and highlights the need to study the role of alternative IP regimes to protect AI-assisted outputs, such as trade secret protection, unfair competition and contract law.}, note = {Report written for the European Commission by P.B. Hugenholtz, D. Gervais, J.P. Quintais, C. Hartmann & J. Allan, completed September 2020. ISBN: 97892762244488}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This report examines copyright and patent protection in Europe for AI-assisted outputs in general and in three priority domains: science (in particular, meteorology), media (journalism), and pharmaceutical research. It comprises an assessment of the state of the art of uses of AI in the three focus areas, and a legal analysis of how IP laws currently apply to AI-assisted creative and innovative outputs. The report concludes that the current state of the art in AI does not require or justify immediate substantive changes in copyright and patent law in Europe. The existing concepts of copyright and patent law are sufficiently abstract and flexible to meet the current challenges from AI. In addition, related rights regimes potentially extend to ‘authorless’ AI productions in a variety of sectors, and the sui generis database right may offer protection to AI-produced databases resulting from substantial investment. However, taking into account the practical implications of AI technologies, the report identifies specific avenues for future legal reform (if justified by empirical evidence), offers recommendations for improvements in the application of existing rules (e.g. via guidelines), and highlights the need to study the role of alternative IP regimes to protect AI-assisted outputs, such as trade secret protection, unfair competition and contract law. |
| Senftleben, M. pp. 209-225, 2020, (Chapter in: Cambridge Handbook on International and Comparative Trademark Law, I. Calboli & J.C. Ginsburg (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2020.). @inbook{Senftleben2020f, title = {Signs Eligible for Trademark Protection - Dysfunctional Incentives and a Functionality Dilemma in the EU}, author = {Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3717753 https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Signs_Eligible_for_Trademark_Protection.pdf https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108399456.014}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-26}, pages = {209-225}, abstract = {In the European Union (EU), the criteria for determining a sign’s eligibility for trademark protection are harmonized to a large extent. On the one hand, the trademark legislation and office practices in EU Member States have to keep within the harmonized legal framework set forth in the EU Trade Mark Directive (TMD). On the other hand, the European Union Trade Mark Regulation (EUTMR) provides for a set of eligibility criteria that apply to European Union Trade Marks (EUTM) with equal effect throughout the EU territory. As the rules in the Regulation are in line with those in the Directive, the two legislative instruments constitute a robust body of harmonized norms informing the decision on the registration of a sign as a trademark. The harmonizing effect is enhanced by the fact that national courts have to refer questions relating to the application and interpretation of eligibility criteria to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). As in other regions of the world, the criteria applied to determine eligibility for trademark protection are quite flexible in the EU. The open-ended definition of protectable subject matter leaves room for the extension of trademark protection to non-traditional types of marks, such as shape, sound and colour marks. Trademark offices applying EU trademark law have also accepted, for instance, abstract colours and colour combinations, motion and multimedia marks, melodies and sounds, taste marks, hologram marks and position marks. The analysis of the trend to register non-traditional marks in the EU outlines the legal framework which the CJEU developed to assess the eligibility of non-traditional types of source identifiers for trademark protection. On this basis, it discusses the objective to safeguard freedom of competition and the legal instruments which the CJEU employs for this purpose: the requirement of providing evidence of the acquisition of distinctive character through use in trade and the categorical exclusion of functional signs from trademark protection. Drawing conclusions, it will become apparent that the basic requirement of distinctive character plays an ambiguous role in the regulation of access to trademark protection for non-traditional marks. It is both an obstacle to trademark protection and an incentive for enhanced investment in non-traditional types of marks.}, note = {Chapter in: Cambridge Handbook on International and Comparative Trademark Law, I. Calboli & J.C. Ginsburg (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2020.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } In the European Union (EU), the criteria for determining a sign’s eligibility for trademark protection are harmonized to a large extent. On the one hand, the trademark legislation and office practices in EU Member States have to keep within the harmonized legal framework set forth in the EU Trade Mark Directive (TMD). On the other hand, the European Union Trade Mark Regulation (EUTMR) provides for a set of eligibility criteria that apply to European Union Trade Marks (EUTM) with equal effect throughout the EU territory. As the rules in the Regulation are in line with those in the Directive, the two legislative instruments constitute a robust body of harmonized norms informing the decision on the registration of a sign as a trademark. The harmonizing effect is enhanced by the fact that national courts have to refer questions relating to the application and interpretation of eligibility criteria to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). As in other regions of the world, the criteria applied to determine eligibility for trademark protection are quite flexible in the EU. The open-ended definition of protectable subject matter leaves room for the extension of trademark protection to non-traditional types of marks, such as shape, sound and colour marks. Trademark offices applying EU trademark law have also accepted, for instance, abstract colours and colour combinations, motion and multimedia marks, melodies and sounds, taste marks, hologram marks and position marks. The analysis of the trend to register non-traditional marks in the EU outlines the legal framework which the CJEU developed to assess the eligibility of non-traditional types of source identifiers for trademark protection. On this basis, it discusses the objective to safeguard freedom of competition and the legal instruments which the CJEU employs for this purpose: the requirement of providing evidence of the acquisition of distinctive character through use in trade and the categorical exclusion of functional signs from trademark protection. Drawing conclusions, it will become apparent that the basic requirement of distinctive character plays an ambiguous role in the regulation of access to trademark protection for non-traditional marks. It is both an obstacle to trademark protection and an incentive for enhanced investment in non-traditional types of marks. |
| Senftleben, M. pp. 381-403, 2020, (Chapter in: Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability, G.F. Frosio (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.). @inbook{Senftleben2020g, title = {Intermediary Liability and Trade Mark Infringement - Proliferation of Filter Obligations in Civil Law Jurisdictions?}, author = {Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Intermediary_Liability_and_Trade_Mark_Infringement.pdf https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3736919 https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198837138.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780198837138}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-26}, pages = {381-403}, abstract = {The erosion of the safe harbour for hosting in the EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive) leads to a remarkable climate change in the field of EU copyright law and the civil law jurisdictions of continental EU Member States. Inevitably, it raises the question of potential repercussions on the safe harbour for hosting and filtering standards in trademark cases. Even though online marketplaces are explicitly exempted from the new copyright rules and the CDSM Directive is not intended to neutralize the safe harbour for hosting in trademark cases, the adoption of a more restrictive approach in copyright law may quicken the appetite of trademark proprietors for similar measures in trademark law. The extension of the new copyright approach to trademark cases, however, is unlikely to yield satisfactory results.Due to the different conceptual contours of trademark rights, a system mimicking the filtering obligations following from the CDSM Directive would give trademark proprietors excessive control over the use of their trademarks in the digital environment. Such an overbroad system of automated, algorithmic filtering would encroach upon the fundamental guarantee of freedom of expression and freedom of competition. It is likely to have a chilling effect on legitimate descriptive use of trademarks, comparative advertising, advertising by resellers, information about alternative offers in the marketplace, and use criticizing or commenting upon trademarked products. As a result, consumers would receive less diverse information on goods and services and the free movement of goods and services in the internal market would be curtailed. The reliability of the internet as an independent source of trademark-related information would be put at risk. The analysis, thus, leads to the insight that a proliferation of the new filtering obligations in copyright law is undesirable and should be avoided.}, note = {Chapter in: Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability, G.F. Frosio (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } The erosion of the safe harbour for hosting in the EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM Directive) leads to a remarkable climate change in the field of EU copyright law and the civil law jurisdictions of continental EU Member States. Inevitably, it raises the question of potential repercussions on the safe harbour for hosting and filtering standards in trademark cases. Even though online marketplaces are explicitly exempted from the new copyright rules and the CDSM Directive is not intended to neutralize the safe harbour for hosting in trademark cases, the adoption of a more restrictive approach in copyright law may quicken the appetite of trademark proprietors for similar measures in trademark law. The extension of the new copyright approach to trademark cases, however, is unlikely to yield satisfactory results.Due to the different conceptual contours of trademark rights, a system mimicking the filtering obligations following from the CDSM Directive would give trademark proprietors excessive control over the use of their trademarks in the digital environment. Such an overbroad system of automated, algorithmic filtering would encroach upon the fundamental guarantee of freedom of expression and freedom of competition. It is likely to have a chilling effect on legitimate descriptive use of trademarks, comparative advertising, advertising by resellers, information about alternative offers in the marketplace, and use criticizing or commenting upon trademarked products. As a result, consumers would receive less diverse information on goods and services and the free movement of goods and services in the internal market would be curtailed. The reliability of the internet as an independent source of trademark-related information would be put at risk. The analysis, thus, leads to the insight that a proliferation of the new filtering obligations in copyright law is undesirable and should be avoided. |
| Quintais, J. CIPIL Evening Webinar: 'Article 17 and the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms' 2020. @online{Quintais2020d, title = {CIPIL Evening Webinar: 'Article 17 and the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms' }, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {https://youtu.be/f1tGV_IdueQ }, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-17}, abstract = {This presentation addresses the hottest topic in EU copyright law and policy: Article 17 of the new Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive (2019/790). The CDSM Directive is the culmination of a controversial political and legislative process at EU level. None of its provisions has caused greater debate than Article 17, which introduces a new liability regime for "online content-sharing service providers". These include most user-generated content platforms hosting copyright-protected content accessed daily by millions of individuals in the EU and across the globe. Even before the CDSM Directive is implemented into national law, the issues surrounding Article 17 have already spilled out to the policy and judicial arenas. At the policy level, the debates taking place in a number of Commission-led Stakeholder Dialogues have laid bare many of the unresolved challenges ahead for national legislators and courts. At the judicial level, the Polish government has filed an action for annulment with the CJEU under Article 263 TFEU, focusing on the most problematic aspects of Article 17. This presentation will first place Article 17 into its broader EU policy context of the discussion on the responsibilities of online platforms \textendash from the agenda on "Tackling Illegal Content Online" to the Digital Services Act \textendash and the narrow copyright context regarding the liability of intermediary platforms for third-party content they host. This will be followed by an explanation of the complex mechanics of Article 17 and an identification of some of its fundamental problems. Finally, some tentative proposals will be advanced for how to begin to address such problems, focusing on the core issues of licensing mechanisms and fundamental rights safeguards.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } This presentation addresses the hottest topic in EU copyright law and policy: Article 17 of the new Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive (2019/790). The CDSM Directive is the culmination of a controversial political and legislative process at EU level. None of its provisions has caused greater debate than Article 17, which introduces a new liability regime for "online content-sharing service providers". These include most user-generated content platforms hosting copyright-protected content accessed daily by millions of individuals in the EU and across the globe. Even before the CDSM Directive is implemented into national law, the issues surrounding Article 17 have already spilled out to the policy and judicial arenas. At the policy level, the debates taking place in a number of Commission-led Stakeholder Dialogues have laid bare many of the unresolved challenges ahead for national legislators and courts. At the judicial level, the Polish government has filed an action for annulment with the CJEU under Article 263 TFEU, focusing on the most problematic aspects of Article 17. This presentation will first place Article 17 into its broader EU policy context of the discussion on the responsibilities of online platforms – from the agenda on "Tackling Illegal Content Online" to the Digital Services Act – and the narrow copyright context regarding the liability of intermediary platforms for third-party content they host. This will be followed by an explanation of the complex mechanics of Article 17 and an identification of some of its fundamental problems. Finally, some tentative proposals will be advanced for how to begin to address such problems, focusing on the core issues of licensing mechanisms and fundamental rights safeguards. |
| Appelman, N., Blom, T., van Duin, A., Fahy, R., Helberger, N., Steel, M., Stringhi, E., van Hoboken, J., Zarouali, B. WODC-onderzoek: Voorziening voor verzoeken tot snelle verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content 2020. @techreport{vanHoboken2020d, title = {WODC-onderzoek: Voorziening voor verzoeken tot snelle verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and van Duin, A. and Blom, T. and Zarouali, B. and Fahy, R. and Steel, M. and Stringhi, E. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/WODC_voorziening_onrechtmatige_content.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-12}, abstract = {Dit onderzoek is uitgegeven als onderdeel van het speerpunt van de Minister voor Rechtsbescherming om de positie van slachtoffers van onrechtmatige uitingen op het internet te verbeteren. Aanleiding is dat het voor mensen als te moeilijk ervaren wordt om onrechtmatige online content snel verwijderd te krijgen. Dit rapport biedt inzicht in de juridische en praktische haalbaarheid van een voorziening voor de verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content die mensen persoonlijk raakt. Onrechtmatige content is informatie, door mensen op het internet geplaatst, die in strijd is met het recht, vanwege de schadelijke gevolgen ervan en/of omdat de belangen van anderen daardoor op ernstige wijze worden aangetast. Hierbij moet, bijvoorbeeld, gedacht worden aan bedreigingen, privacy-inbreuken of wraakporno. Het doel van de onderzochte voorziening is om mensen in staat te stellen deze onrechtmatige online content zo snel mogelijk te verwijderen. Het onderzoek focust op onrechtmatige online content die mensen in hun persoon raakt en daarmee onder het recht op priv\'{e}leven uit artikel 8 Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens (“EVRM”) valt.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Dit onderzoek is uitgegeven als onderdeel van het speerpunt van de Minister voor Rechtsbescherming om de positie van slachtoffers van onrechtmatige uitingen op het internet te verbeteren. Aanleiding is dat het voor mensen als te moeilijk ervaren wordt om onrechtmatige online content snel verwijderd te krijgen. Dit rapport biedt inzicht in de juridische en praktische haalbaarheid van een voorziening voor de verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content die mensen persoonlijk raakt. Onrechtmatige content is informatie, door mensen op het internet geplaatst, die in strijd is met het recht, vanwege de schadelijke gevolgen ervan en/of omdat de belangen van anderen daardoor op ernstige wijze worden aangetast. Hierbij moet, bijvoorbeeld, gedacht worden aan bedreigingen, privacy-inbreuken of wraakporno. Het doel van de onderzochte voorziening is om mensen in staat te stellen deze onrechtmatige online content zo snel mogelijk te verwijderen. Het onderzoek focust op onrechtmatige online content die mensen in hun persoon raakt en daarmee onder het recht op privéleven uit artikel 8 Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens (“EVRM”) valt. |
| Keller, P. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Keller2020d, title = {CJEU hearing in the Polish challenge to Article 17: Not even the supporters of the provision agree on how it should work}, author = {Keller, P.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/11/11/cjeu-hearing-in-the-polish-challenge-to-article-17-not-even-the-supporters-of-the-provision-agree-on-how-it-should-work/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-11}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 5 februari 2020 (NJCM c.s. / Staat der Nederlanden - SyRI-wetgeving) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (45), pp. 6792-6795, 2020. @article{Dommering2020i, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 5 februari 2020 (NJCM c.s. / Staat der Nederlanden - SyRI-wetgeving)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2020_386.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-10}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {45}, pages = {6792-6795}, abstract = {De SyRI-wetgeving voldoet niet aan de in art. 8 lid 2 EVRM gestelde eis dat de inmenging in de uitoefening van het recht op respect voor het priv\'{e}leven noodzakelijk is in een democratische samenleving, dat wil zeggen noodzakelijk, evenredig (proportioneel) en subsidiair in relatie tot het beoogde doel.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De SyRI-wetgeving voldoet niet aan de in art. 8 lid 2 EVRM gestelde eis dat de inmenging in de uitoefening van het recht op respect voor het privéleven noodzakelijk is in een democratische samenleving, dat wil zeggen noodzakelijk, evenredig (proportioneel) en subsidiair in relatie tot het beoogde doel. |
| Appelman, N., Ausloos, J., Drunen, M. van, Helberger, N. 2020. @techreport{Drunen2020b, title = {News Recommenders and Cooperative Explainability: Confronting the contextual complexity in AI explanations}, author = {Drunen, M. van and Ausloos, J. and Appelman, N. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Visiepaper-explainable-AI-final.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-03}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Angelopoulos, C., Senftleben, M. 2020, (Amsterdam: Institute for Information Law & Cambridge: Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law). @techreport{Senftleben2020e, title = {The Odyssey of the Prohibition on General Monitoring Obligations on the Way to the Digital Services Act: Between Article 15 of the E-Commerce Directive and Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market}, author = {Senftleben, M. and Angelopoulos, C.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3717022}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-29}, abstract = {EU law provides explicitly that intermediaries may not be obliged to monitor their service in a general manner in order to detect and prevent the illegal activity of their users. However, a misunderstanding of the difference between monitoring specific content and monitoring FOR specific content is a recurrent theme in the debate on intermediary liability and a central driver of the controversy surrounding it. Rightly understood, a prohibited general monitoring obligation arises whenever content \textendash no matter how specifically it is defined \textendash must be identified among the totality of the content on a platform. The moment platform content must be screened in its entirety, the monitoring obligation acquires an excessive, general nature. Against this background, a content moderation duty can only be deemed permissible if it is specific in respect of both the protected subject matter and potential infringers. This requirement of 'double specificity' is of particular importance because it prevents encroachments upon fundamental rights. The jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union has shed light on the anchorage of the general monitoring ban in primary EU law, in particular the right to the protection of personal data, the freedom of expression and information, the freedom to conduct a business, and the free movement of goods and services in the internal market. Due to their higher rank in the norm hierarchy, these legal guarantees constitute common ground for the application of the general monitoring prohibition in secondary EU legislation, namely Article 15(1) of the E-Commerce Directive ('ECD') and Article 17(8) of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market ('CDSMD'). With regard to the Digital Services Act (‘DSA’), this result of the analysis implies that any further manifestation of the general monitoring ban in the DSA would have to be construed and applied \textendash in the light of applicable CJEU case law \textendash as a safeguard against encroachments upon the aforementioned fundamental rights and freedoms. If the final text of the DSA does not contain a reiteration of the prohibition of general monitoring obligations known from Article 15(1) ECD and Article 17(8) CDSMD, the regulation of internet service provider liability, duties of care and injunctions would still have to avoid inroads into the aforementioned fundamental rights and freedoms and observe the principle of proportionality. The double specificity requirement plays a central role in this respect.}, note = {Amsterdam: Institute for Information Law & Cambridge: Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } EU law provides explicitly that intermediaries may not be obliged to monitor their service in a general manner in order to detect and prevent the illegal activity of their users. However, a misunderstanding of the difference between monitoring specific content and monitoring FOR specific content is a recurrent theme in the debate on intermediary liability and a central driver of the controversy surrounding it. Rightly understood, a prohibited general monitoring obligation arises whenever content – no matter how specifically it is defined – must be identified among the totality of the content on a platform. The moment platform content must be screened in its entirety, the monitoring obligation acquires an excessive, general nature. Against this background, a content moderation duty can only be deemed permissible if it is specific in respect of both the protected subject matter and potential infringers. This requirement of 'double specificity' is of particular importance because it prevents encroachments upon fundamental rights. The jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union has shed light on the anchorage of the general monitoring ban in primary EU law, in particular the right to the protection of personal data, the freedom of expression and information, the freedom to conduct a business, and the free movement of goods and services in the internal market. Due to their higher rank in the norm hierarchy, these legal guarantees constitute common ground for the application of the general monitoring prohibition in secondary EU legislation, namely Article 15(1) of the E-Commerce Directive ('ECD') and Article 17(8) of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market ('CDSMD'). With regard to the Digital Services Act (‘DSA’), this result of the analysis implies that any further manifestation of the general monitoring ban in the DSA would have to be construed and applied – in the light of applicable CJEU case law – as a safeguard against encroachments upon the aforementioned fundamental rights and freedoms. If the final text of the DSA does not contain a reiteration of the prohibition of general monitoring obligations known from Article 15(1) ECD and Article 17(8) CDSMD, the regulation of internet service provider liability, duties of care and injunctions would still have to avoid inroads into the aforementioned fundamental rights and freedoms and observe the principle of proportionality. The double specificity requirement plays a central role in this respect. |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R. pp. 164-175, 2020, (Chapter in: Report Automating Society 2020, Chiusi, F., Fischer, S., Kayser-Bril, N. & Spielkamp, M. eds., Berlin: AlgorithmWatch, October 2020.). @inbook{Fahy2020b, title = {Netherlands/Research}, author = {Fahy, R. and Appelman, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Automating-Society-Report-2020.pdf https://automatingsociety.algorithmwatch.org/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-29}, pages = {164-175}, abstract = {How are AI-based systems being used by private companies and public authorities in Europe? The new report by AlgorithmWatch and Bertelsmann Stiftung sheds light on what role automated decision-making (ADM) systems play in our lives. As a result of the most comprehensive research on the issue conducted in Europe so far, the report covers the current use of and policy debates around ADM systems in 16 European countries and at EU level.}, note = {Chapter in: Report Automating Society 2020, Chiusi, F., Fischer, S., Kayser-Bril, N. & Spielkamp, M. eds., Berlin: AlgorithmWatch, October 2020.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } How are AI-based systems being used by private companies and public authorities in Europe? The new report by AlgorithmWatch and Bertelsmann Stiftung sheds light on what role automated decision-making (ADM) systems play in our lives. As a result of the most comprehensive research on the issue conducted in Europe so far, the report covers the current use of and policy debates around ADM systems in 16 European countries and at EU level. |
| Hugenholtz, P., Poort, J., Schumacher, L.D., van Gompel, S., Visser, D. Evaluatie Wet Auteurscontractenrecht: Eindrapport 2020. @techreport{vanGompel2020b, title = {Evaluatie Wet Auteurscontractenrecht: Eindrapport}, author = {van Gompel, S. and Hugenholtz, P. and Poort, J. and Schumacher, L.D. and Visser, D.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/evaluatie_wet_auteurscontractenrecht_2020.pdf https://www.wodc.nl/wodc-nieuws-2020/auteurscontractenrecht.aspx}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-29}, abstract = {Onderzoek in opdracht van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC), ministerie van Justitie & Veiligheid. Van de Wet Auteurscontractenrecht, die ten doel heeft om de contractuele positie van auteurs en uitvoerende kunstenaars te versterken, wordt in de praktijk nog weinig gebruik gemaakt. De Wet, die in 2015 als een nieuw onderdeel van de Auteurswet werd ingevoerd, belooft auteurs en artiesten die met exploitanten in zee gaan een ‘billijke vergoeding', geeft makers de kans om contracten open te breken en verbiedt oneerlijke contractsbepalingen. Auteurs en artiesten blijken maar zelden op de bepalingen van de Wet een beroep te doen. Daarbij lijkt de angst voor verlies aan opdrachten of om op een zwarte lijst te komen een belangrijke rol te spelen. Ook blijkt de door de Wet in het leven geroepen laagdrempelige geschillenprocedure nauwelijks te functioneren. Dit zijn enkele van de conclusies van een praktijkevaluatie van de Wet Auteurscontractenrecht die door onderzoekers van de Universiteit van Amsterdam en de Universiteit Leiden in opdracht van het WODC is uitgevoerd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Onderzoek in opdracht van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC), ministerie van Justitie & Veiligheid. Van de Wet Auteurscontractenrecht, die ten doel heeft om de contractuele positie van auteurs en uitvoerende kunstenaars te versterken, wordt in de praktijk nog weinig gebruik gemaakt. De Wet, die in 2015 als een nieuw onderdeel van de Auteurswet werd ingevoerd, belooft auteurs en artiesten die met exploitanten in zee gaan een ‘billijke vergoeding', geeft makers de kans om contracten open te breken en verbiedt oneerlijke contractsbepalingen. Auteurs en artiesten blijken maar zelden op de bepalingen van de Wet een beroep te doen. Daarbij lijkt de angst voor verlies aan opdrachten of om op een zwarte lijst te komen een belangrijke rol te spelen. Ook blijkt de door de Wet in het leven geroepen laagdrempelige geschillenprocedure nauwelijks te functioneren. Dit zijn enkele van de conclusies van een praktijkevaluatie van de Wet Auteurscontractenrecht die door onderzoekers van de Universiteit van Amsterdam en de Universiteit Leiden in opdracht van het WODC is uitgevoerd. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij HvJ EU 29 juli 2019, C-469/17 (Funke), C-516/17 (Spiegel) & C-4476/17 (Pelham) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (43), pp. 6068-6073, 2020. @article{Hugenholtz2020e, title = {Annotatie bij HvJ EU 29 juli 2019, C-469/17 (Funke), C-516/17 (Spiegel) & C-4476/17 (Pelham)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2020_354.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-23}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {43}, pages = {6068-6073}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Senftleben, M. Florida International University Law Review, 14 (2), pp. 299-328, 2020. @article{Senftleben2020, title = {Institutionalized Algorithmic Enforcement - The Pros and Cons of the EU Approach to UGC Platform Liability}, author = {Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3565175 https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/lawreview/vol14/iss2/11/}, doi = {10.25148/lawrev.14.2.11}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-20}, journal = {Florida International University Law Review}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {299-328}, abstract = {Algorithmic copyright enforcement \textendash the use of automated filtering tools to detect infringing content before it appears on the internet \textendash has a deep impact on the freedom of users to upload and share information. Instead of presuming that user-generated content ("UGC") does not amount to infringement unless copyright owners take action and provide proof, the default position of automated filtering systems is that every upload is suspicious and that copyright owners are entitled to ex ante control over the sharing of information online. If platform providers voluntarily introduce algorithmic enforcement measures, this may be seen as a private decision following from the freedom of companies to run their business as they wish. If, however, copyright legislation institutionalizes algorithmic enforcement and imposes a legal obligation on platform providers to employ automated filtering tools, the law itself transforms copyright into a censorship and filtering instrument. Nonetheless, the new EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (“DSM Directive”) follows this path and requires the employment of automated filtering tools to ensure that unauthorized protected content does not populate UGC platforms. The new EU rules on UGC licensing and screening will inevitably lead to the adoption of algorithmic enforcement measures in practice. Without automated content control, UGC platforms will be unable to escape liability for infringing user uploads. To provide a complete picture, however, it is important to also shed light on counterbalances which may distinguish this new, institutionalized form of algorithmic enforcement from known content filtering tools that have evolved as voluntary measures in the private sector. The DSM Directive underlines the necessity to safeguard user freedoms that support transformative, creative remixes and mash-ups of pre-existing content. This feature of the new legislation may offer important incentives to develop algorithmic tools that go beyond the mere identification of unauthorized takings from protected works. It has the potential to encourage content assessment mechanisms that factor the degree of transformative effort and user creativity into the equation. As a result, more balanced content filtering tools may emerge in the EU. Against this background, the analysis shows that the new EU legislation not only escalates the use of algorithmic enforcement measures that already commenced in the private sector years ago. If rightly implemented, it may also add an important nuance to existing content identification tools and alleviate the problems arising from reliance on automated filtering mechanisms.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Algorithmic copyright enforcement – the use of automated filtering tools to detect infringing content before it appears on the internet – has a deep impact on the freedom of users to upload and share information. Instead of presuming that user-generated content ("UGC") does not amount to infringement unless copyright owners take action and provide proof, the default position of automated filtering systems is that every upload is suspicious and that copyright owners are entitled to ex ante control over the sharing of information online. If platform providers voluntarily introduce algorithmic enforcement measures, this may be seen as a private decision following from the freedom of companies to run their business as they wish. If, however, copyright legislation institutionalizes algorithmic enforcement and imposes a legal obligation on platform providers to employ automated filtering tools, the law itself transforms copyright into a censorship and filtering instrument. Nonetheless, the new EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (“DSM Directive”) follows this path and requires the employment of automated filtering tools to ensure that unauthorized protected content does not populate UGC platforms. The new EU rules on UGC licensing and screening will inevitably lead to the adoption of algorithmic enforcement measures in practice. Without automated content control, UGC platforms will be unable to escape liability for infringing user uploads. To provide a complete picture, however, it is important to also shed light on counterbalances which may distinguish this new, institutionalized form of algorithmic enforcement from known content filtering tools that have evolved as voluntary measures in the private sector. The DSM Directive underlines the necessity to safeguard user freedoms that support transformative, creative remixes and mash-ups of pre-existing content. This feature of the new legislation may offer important incentives to develop algorithmic tools that go beyond the mere identification of unauthorized takings from protected works. It has the potential to encourage content assessment mechanisms that factor the degree of transformative effort and user creativity into the equation. As a result, more balanced content filtering tools may emerge in the EU. Against this background, the analysis shows that the new EU legislation not only escalates the use of algorithmic enforcement measures that already commenced in the private sector years ago. If rightly implemented, it may also add an important nuance to existing content identification tools and alleviate the problems arising from reliance on automated filtering mechanisms. |
| Buijtelaar, L.D., Senftleben, M. Robot Creativity: An Incentive-Based Neighbouring Rights Approach European Intellectual Property Review, 42 (12), Forthcoming. @article{Senftleben2020d, title = {Robot Creativity: An Incentive-Based Neighbouring Rights Approach}, author = {Senftleben, M. and Buijtelaar, L.D.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3707741}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-13}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {42}, number = {12}, abstract = {Today texts, paintings and songs need no longer be the result of human creativity. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems are capable of generating creations that can hardly be distinguished from those of authors of flesh and blood. This development raises the question whether AI-generated works could be eligible for copyright protection. In the following analysis, we explore this question. After a discussion of the traditional copyright requirement of human creativity, the rationales underlying copyright protection \textendash in particular the utilitarian incentive theory \textendash will serve as a compass to decide on the grant of protection and delineate the scope of exclusive rights. In addition, the analysis will address the question who the owner of protected AI creations should be. Finally, the discussion of pros and cons of protection will be placed in the broader context of competing policy goals and legal obligations, such as the prospect of enriching the public domain and the question of liability for AI creations that infringe the rights of third parties.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } Today texts, paintings and songs need no longer be the result of human creativity. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems are capable of generating creations that can hardly be distinguished from those of authors of flesh and blood. This development raises the question whether AI-generated works could be eligible for copyright protection. In the following analysis, we explore this question. After a discussion of the traditional copyright requirement of human creativity, the rationales underlying copyright protection – in particular the utilitarian incentive theory – will serve as a compass to decide on the grant of protection and delineate the scope of exclusive rights. In addition, the analysis will address the question who the owner of protected AI creations should be. Finally, the discussion of pros and cons of protection will be placed in the broader context of competing policy goals and legal obligations, such as the prospect of enriching the public domain and the question of liability for AI creations that infringe the rights of third parties. |
| Ausloos, J., Leerssen, P., Menezes Cwajg, C. Transparency Rules in Online Political Advertising: Mapping Global Law and Policy 2020, (This report has been prepared by Carolina Menezes Cwajg. It was written under the academic guidance of Dr. Jef Ausloos and Paddy Leerssen, at IViR and the Information, Communication & the Data Society (ICDS) Initiative at the University of Amsterdam.). @techreport{Cwajg2020, title = {Transparency Rules in Online Political Advertising: Mapping Global Law and Policy}, author = {Menezes Cwajg, C. and Ausloos, J. and Leerssen, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TransparencyRulesOnlinePoliticalAds2020.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-13}, abstract = {In response to the rise of online political microtargeting, governments across the globe are launching transparency initiatives. Most of these aim to shed light on who is buying targeted political ads, and how they are targeted. The present Report offers a comprehensive mapping exercise of this new field of regulation, analysing new laws, proposed or enacted, that impose transparency rules on online political microtargeting. The Report consists of two components: a global overview, and detailed case study of the United States. The first section begins with a geographical overview by showing where and what initiatives were proposed and enacted, looking in particular at Canada, France, Ireland, Singapore and the United States. It then unpacks these initiatives in greater detail by outlining what requirements they impose in terms of disclosure content, scope of application, and format. The second section of the Report then zooms into the United States, outlining the various initiatives that have been proposed and enacted at state-level.}, note = {This report has been prepared by Carolina Menezes Cwajg. It was written under the academic guidance of Dr. Jef Ausloos and Paddy Leerssen, at IViR and the Information, Communication & the Data Society (ICDS) Initiative at the University of Amsterdam.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In response to the rise of online political microtargeting, governments across the globe are launching transparency initiatives. Most of these aim to shed light on who is buying targeted political ads, and how they are targeted. The present Report offers a comprehensive mapping exercise of this new field of regulation, analysing new laws, proposed or enacted, that impose transparency rules on online political microtargeting. The Report consists of two components: a global overview, and detailed case study of the United States. The first section begins with a geographical overview by showing where and what initiatives were proposed and enacted, looking in particular at Canada, France, Ireland, Singapore and the United States. It then unpacks these initiatives in greater detail by outlining what requirements they impose in terms of disclosure content, scope of application, and format. The second section of the Report then zooms into the United States, outlining the various initiatives that have been proposed and enacted at state-level. |
| Ausloos, J., Helberger, N., Strycharz, J. Data Protection or Data Frustration? Individual perceptions and attitudes towards the GDPR European Data Protection Law Review, 6 (3), pp. 407-421, 2020. @article{Strycharz2020, title = {Data Protection or Data Frustration? Individual perceptions and attitudes towards the GDPR}, author = {Strycharz, J. and Ausloos, J. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EDPLR_2020_3.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2020/3/10}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-13}, journal = {European Data Protection Law Review}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {407-421}, abstract = {Strengthening individual rights, enhancing control over one’s data and raising awareness were among the main aims the European Commission set for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In order to assess whether these aims have been met, research into individual perceptions, awareness, and understanding of the Regulation is necessary. This study thus examines individual reactions to the GDPR in order to provide insights into user agency in relation to the Regulation. More specifically, it discusses empirical data (survey with N = 1288) on individual knowledge of, reactions to, and rights exercised under the GDPR in the Netherlands. The results show high awareness of the GDPR and knowledge of individual rights. At the same time, the Dutch show substantial reactance to the Regulation and doubt the effectiveness of their individual rights. These findings point to several issues obstructing the GDPR’s effectiveness, and constitute useful signposts for policy-makers and enforcement agencies to prioritise their strategies in achieving the original aims of the Regulation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Strengthening individual rights, enhancing control over one’s data and raising awareness were among the main aims the European Commission set for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In order to assess whether these aims have been met, research into individual perceptions, awareness, and understanding of the Regulation is necessary. This study thus examines individual reactions to the GDPR in order to provide insights into user agency in relation to the Regulation. More specifically, it discusses empirical data (survey with N = 1288) on individual knowledge of, reactions to, and rights exercised under the GDPR in the Netherlands. The results show high awareness of the GDPR and knowledge of individual rights. At the same time, the Dutch show substantial reactance to the Regulation and doubt the effectiveness of their individual rights. These findings point to several issues obstructing the GDPR’s effectiveness, and constitute useful signposts for policy-makers and enforcement agencies to prioritise their strategies in achieving the original aims of the Regulation. |
| Yakovleva, S. Privacy and Data Protection in the EU- and US-led Post- WTO Free Trade Agreements pp. 95-115, 2020, (Chapter in: Coherence and Divergence in Services Trade Law, ed. R.T. Hoffmann & M. Krajewski). @inbook{Yakovleva2020e, title = {Privacy and Data Protection in the EU- and US-led Post- WTO Free Trade Agreements}, author = {Yakovleva, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Yearbook_International_Economic_Law.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46955-9_5}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-08}, pages = {95-115}, series = {European Yearbook of International Economic Law}, abstract = {The chapter addresses privacy and data protection in FTAs. It takes stock of the evolution of provisions on privacy and data protection in the post-WTO FTAs and FTAs currently under negotiation relying on EU- and US-led FTAs as an empirical basis. The chapter evaluates the trends and patterns of the development of these provisions and provides an outlook for the upcoming negotiations on electronic commerce at the WTO. It highlights the evolution of provisions on privacy and personal data protection in general exceptions, financial and telecommunications chapters, chapters on electronic commerce and digital trade. After identifying trends in the design and wording of these provisions in the EU- and US-led FTAs the chapter concludes that both trading partners tend to prefer their own template for regional FTAs.}, note = {Chapter in: Coherence and Divergence in Services Trade Law, ed. R.T. Hoffmann & M. Krajewski}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } The chapter addresses privacy and data protection in FTAs. It takes stock of the evolution of provisions on privacy and data protection in the post-WTO FTAs and FTAs currently under negotiation relying on EU- and US-led FTAs as an empirical basis. The chapter evaluates the trends and patterns of the development of these provisions and provides an outlook for the upcoming negotiations on electronic commerce at the WTO. It highlights the evolution of provisions on privacy and personal data protection in general exceptions, financial and telecommunications chapters, chapters on electronic commerce and digital trade. After identifying trends in the design and wording of these provisions in the EU- and US-led FTAs the chapter concludes that both trading partners tend to prefer their own template for regional FTAs. |
| Yakovleva, S. Personal Data Transfers in International Trade and EU Law: A Tale of Two ‘Necessities’ The Journal of World Investment & Trade, pp. 1-39, 2020. @article{Yakovleva2020d, title = {Personal Data Transfers in International Trade and EU Law: A Tale of Two ‘Necessities’}, author = {Yakovleva, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/JWIT_2020.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-02}, journal = {The Journal of World Investment & Trade}, pages = {1-39}, abstract = {Cross-border flows of personal data have become essential for international trade. EU law restricts transfers of personal data to a degree that is arguably beyond what is permitted under the EU’s WTO commitments. These restrictions may be justified under trade law’s ‘necessity test.’ The article suggests that they may not pass this test. Yet, from an EU law perspective, the right to the protection of personal data is a fundamental right. An international transfer of personal data constitutes a derogation from this right and, therefore, must be consistent with another necessity test, the ‘strict necessity’ test of the derogation clause of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. This article shows how a simultaneous application of the trade law and EU Charter ‘necessities’ to EU restrictions on transfers of personal data creates a Catch-22 situation and sketches the ways out of this compliance deadlock.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cross-border flows of personal data have become essential for international trade. EU law restricts transfers of personal data to a degree that is arguably beyond what is permitted under the EU’s WTO commitments. These restrictions may be justified under trade law’s ‘necessity test.’ The article suggests that they may not pass this test. Yet, from an EU law perspective, the right to the protection of personal data is a fundamental right. An international transfer of personal data constitutes a derogation from this right and, therefore, must be consistent with another necessity test, the ‘strict necessity’ test of the derogation clause of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. This article shows how a simultaneous application of the trade law and EU Charter ‘necessities’ to EU restrictions on transfers of personal data creates a Catch-22 situation and sketches the ways out of this compliance deadlock. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Intellectuele Eigendom & Reclamerecht (IER), (5), pp. 276-280, 2020. @article{Hugenholtz2020d, title = {De kunstmatige maker: over de gevolgen van het Endstra-arrest voor de bescherming van artifici\"{e}le creaties}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IER_2020_5.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-01}, journal = {Intellectuele Eigendom & Reclamerecht (IER)}, number = {5}, pages = {276-280}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Arnbak, A., Geursen, W., Yakovleva, S. Kaleidoscopic data-related enforcement in the digital age Common Market Law Review, 57 (5), pp. 1461-1494, 2020. @article{Yakovleva2020c, title = {Kaleidoscopic data-related enforcement in the digital age}, author = {Yakovleva, S. and Geursen, W. and Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CMLR_2020.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-10-01}, journal = {Common Market Law Review}, volume = {57}, number = {5}, pages = {1461-1494}, abstract = {The interplay between competition, consumer and data protection law, when applied to data collection and processing practices, may lead to situations where several competent authorities can, independently, carry out enforcement actions against the same practice, or where an authority competent to carry out enforcement in one area of law can borrow the concepts of another area to advance its own goals. The authors call this “kaleidoscopic enforcement”. Kaleidoscopic enforcement may undermine existing coordination mechanisms within specif ic areas, and may lead to both the incoherent enforcement of EU rules applicable to data, and to sub-optimal enforcement. An EU level binding inter-disciplinary coordination mechanism between competition, consumer and data protection authorities is needed. Now the Commission has announced ambitious plans to enhance the coherent application of EU law in several areas, it is the perfect time to work towards creating such an enforcement mechanism.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The interplay between competition, consumer and data protection law, when applied to data collection and processing practices, may lead to situations where several competent authorities can, independently, carry out enforcement actions against the same practice, or where an authority competent to carry out enforcement in one area of law can borrow the concepts of another area to advance its own goals. The authors call this “kaleidoscopic enforcement”. Kaleidoscopic enforcement may undermine existing coordination mechanisms within specif ic areas, and may lead to both the incoherent enforcement of EU rules applicable to data, and to sub-optimal enforcement. An EU level binding inter-disciplinary coordination mechanism between competition, consumer and data protection authorities is needed. Now the Commission has announced ambitious plans to enhance the coherent application of EU law in several areas, it is the perfect time to work towards creating such an enforcement mechanism. |
| Husovec, M., Quintais, J. 2020. @article{Husovec2020c, title = {How to License Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms}, author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3463011}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3463011}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-29}, abstract = {Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive is a major Internet policy experiment of our decade. The provision fundamentally changes copyright regulation of certain digital platforms. However, the precise nature of art. 17 is far from clear. How does it fit the existing structure of EU copyright law and doctrine? How can the Member States implement it? These are the questions at the heart of this article. To answer them, we start by examining the nature and structure of the right prescribed in art. 17. The exact qualification brings important legal consequences. Among others, it determines the conditions imposed by EU law and international law on national implementations. After reviewing different interpretation options, we conclude that art. 17 introduces either a special or a new sui generis right, both of which allow significant margin of discretion for Member States, especially as regards licensing mechanisms and exceptions. [This is a revised and updated version of a working paper first published in October 2019]}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive is a major Internet policy experiment of our decade. The provision fundamentally changes copyright regulation of certain digital platforms. However, the precise nature of art. 17 is far from clear. How does it fit the existing structure of EU copyright law and doctrine? How can the Member States implement it? These are the questions at the heart of this article. To answer them, we start by examining the nature and structure of the right prescribed in art. 17. The exact qualification brings important legal consequences. Among others, it determines the conditions imposed by EU law and international law on national implementations. After reviewing different interpretation options, we conclude that art. 17 introduces either a special or a new sui generis right, both of which allow significant margin of discretion for Member States, especially as regards licensing mechanisms and exceptions. [This is a revised and updated version of a working paper first published in October 2019] |
| Cobbe, J., Janssen, H., Seng Ah Lee, M., Singh, J. Centering the Law in the Digital State Computer, 53 (10), pp. 47-58, 2020. @article{Cobbe2020, title = {Centering the Law in the Digital State}, author = {Cobbe, J. and Seng Ah Lee, M. and Singh, J. and Janssen, H.}, doi = {10.1109/MC.2020.3006623}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-25}, journal = {Computer}, volume = {53}, number = {10}, pages = {47-58}, abstract = {Driven by the promise of increased efficiencies and cost-savings, the public sector has shown much interest in automated decision-making (ADM) technologies. However, the rule of law and fundamental principles of good government are being lost along the way.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Driven by the promise of increased efficiencies and cost-savings, the public sector has shown much interest in automated decision-making (ADM) technologies. However, the rule of law and fundamental principles of good government are being lost along the way. |
| Araujo, T., Helberger, N., Vreese, C.H. de Computer Law & Security Review, 39 , 2020. @article{Helberger2020f, title = {Who is the fairest of them all? Public attitudes and expectations regarding automated decision-making}, author = {Helberger, N. and Araujo, T. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364920300613?dgcid=author}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2020.105456}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-15}, journal = {Computer Law & Security Review}, volume = {39}, abstract = {The ongoing substitution of human decision makers by automated decision-making (ADM) systems in a whole range of areas raises the question of whether and, if so, under which conditions ADM is acceptable and fair. So far, this debate has been primarily led by academics, civil society, technology developers and members of the expert groups tasked to develop ethical guidelines for ADM. Ultimately, however, ADM affects citizens, who will live with, act upon and ultimately have to accept the authority of ADM systems. The paper aims to contribute to this larger debate by providing deeper insights into the question of whether, and if so, why and under which conditions, citizens are inclined to accept ADM as fair. The results of a survey (N = 958) with a representative sample of the Dutch adult population, show that most respondents assume that AI-driven ADM systems are fairer than human decision-makers. A more nuanced view emerges from an analysis of the responses, with emotions, expectations about AI being data- and calculation-driven, as well as the role of the programmer \textendash among other dimensions \textendash being cited as reasons for (un)fairness by AI or humans. Individual characteristics such as age and education level influenced not only perceptions about AI fairness, but also the reasons provided for such perceptions. The paper concludes with a normative assessment of the findings and suggestions for the future debate and research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The ongoing substitution of human decision makers by automated decision-making (ADM) systems in a whole range of areas raises the question of whether and, if so, under which conditions ADM is acceptable and fair. So far, this debate has been primarily led by academics, civil society, technology developers and members of the expert groups tasked to develop ethical guidelines for ADM. Ultimately, however, ADM affects citizens, who will live with, act upon and ultimately have to accept the authority of ADM systems. The paper aims to contribute to this larger debate by providing deeper insights into the question of whether, and if so, why and under which conditions, citizens are inclined to accept ADM as fair. The results of a survey (N = 958) with a representative sample of the Dutch adult population, show that most respondents assume that AI-driven ADM systems are fairer than human decision-makers. A more nuanced view emerges from an analysis of the responses, with emotions, expectations about AI being data- and calculation-driven, as well as the role of the programmer – among other dimensions – being cited as reasons for (un)fairness by AI or humans. Individual characteristics such as age and education level influenced not only perceptions about AI fairness, but also the reasons provided for such perceptions. The paper concludes with a normative assessment of the findings and suggestions for the future debate and research. |
| Eskens, S., Mil, J. van Opinie: Doorsturen telecomdata naar RIVM vereist een beter verhaal Het Financieele Dagblad, 2020. @article{Eskens2020c, title = {Opinie: Doorsturen telecomdata naar RIVM vereist een beter verhaal}, author = {Eskens, S. and Mil, J. van}, url = {https://fd.nl/opinie/1356879/doorsturen-telecomdata-naar-rivm-vereist-een-beter-verhaal}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-12}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N., Huh, J., Milne, G., Strycharz, J. Macro and Exogenous Factors in Computational Advertising: Key Issues and New Research Directions Journal of Advertising, 49 (4), pp. 377-393, 2020. @article{Helberger2020h, title = {Macro and Exogenous Factors in Computational Advertising: Key Issues and New Research Directions}, author = {Helberger, N. and Huh, J. and Milne, G. and Strycharz, J.}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2020.1811179}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-11}, journal = {Journal of Advertising}, volume = {49}, number = {4}, pages = {377-393}, abstract = {To advance the emerging research field of computational advertising this article describes the new computational advertising ecosystem, identifies key actors within it and interactions among them, and discusses future research agendas. Specifically, we propose systematic conceptualization for the redefined advertising industry, consumers, government, and technology environmental factors, and discuss emerging and anticipated tensions that arise in the macro and exogenous factors surrounding the new computational advertising industry, leading to suggestions for future research directions. From multidisciplinary angles, areas of tension and related research questions are explored from advertising, business, computer science, and legal perspectives. The proposed research agendas include exploring transparency of computational advertising practice and consumer education; understanding the trade-off between explainability and performance of algorithms; exploring the issue of new consumers as free data laborers, data as commodity, and related consumer agency challenges; understanding the relationship between algorithmic transparency and consumers’ literacy; evaluating the trade-off between algorithmic fairness and privacy protection; examining legal and regulatory issues regarding power imbalance between actors in the computational advertising ecosystem; and studying the trade-off between technological innovation and consumer protection and empowerment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To advance the emerging research field of computational advertising this article describes the new computational advertising ecosystem, identifies key actors within it and interactions among them, and discusses future research agendas. Specifically, we propose systematic conceptualization for the redefined advertising industry, consumers, government, and technology environmental factors, and discuss emerging and anticipated tensions that arise in the macro and exogenous factors surrounding the new computational advertising industry, leading to suggestions for future research directions. From multidisciplinary angles, areas of tension and related research questions are explored from advertising, business, computer science, and legal perspectives. The proposed research agendas include exploring transparency of computational advertising practice and consumer education; understanding the trade-off between explainability and performance of algorithms; exploring the issue of new consumers as free data laborers, data as commodity, and related consumer agency challenges; understanding the relationship between algorithmic transparency and consumers’ literacy; evaluating the trade-off between algorithmic fairness and privacy protection; examining legal and regulatory issues regarding power imbalance between actors in the computational advertising ecosystem; and studying the trade-off between technological innovation and consumer protection and empowerment. |
| Eskens, S., Helberger, N. Opinie: corona-app vraagt om meer toezicht op grote techbedrijven De Volkskrant, 2020. @article{Helberger2020g, title = {Opinie: corona-app vraagt om meer toezicht op grote techbedrijven}, author = {Helberger, N. and Eskens, S.}, url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/opinie-corona-app-vraagt-om-meer-toezicht-op-grote-techbedrijven~b6898138/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-10}, journal = {De Volkskrant}, abstract = {Er is te weinig aandacht voor de rol van Google en Apple bij de invoering van de CoronaMelder, betogen Natali Helberger en Sarah Eskens.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Er is te weinig aandacht voor de rol van Google en Apple bij de invoering van de CoronaMelder, betogen Natali Helberger en Sarah Eskens. |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R. 2020, (Chapter in: F. Chiusi, S. Fischer, & M. Spielkamp (eds.), Automated Decision-Making Systems in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective, AlgorithmWatch, 2020). @inbook{Appelman2020b, title = {Netherlands}, author = {Appelman, N. and Fahy, R.}, url = {https://algorithmwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ADM-systems-in-the-Covid-19-pandemic-Report-by-AW-BSt-Sept-2020.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-01}, abstract = {Contact tracing apps for smartphones, thermal scanners, face recognition technology: high hopes have been placed by both local administrations and national governments in applications and devices like these, aimed at containing the outbreak of the virus. The new publication Automated Decision-Making Systems in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective gathers detailed examples of ADM systems in use, compiled by a network of researchers covering 16 countries. It provides an initial mapping and exploration of ADM systems implemented throughout Europe as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak.}, note = {Chapter in: F. Chiusi, S. Fischer, & M. Spielkamp (eds.), Automated Decision-Making Systems in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective, AlgorithmWatch, 2020}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Contact tracing apps for smartphones, thermal scanners, face recognition technology: high hopes have been placed by both local administrations and national governments in applications and devices like these, aimed at containing the outbreak of the virus. The new publication Automated Decision-Making Systems in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective gathers detailed examples of ADM systems in use, compiled by a network of researchers covering 16 countries. It provides an initial mapping and exploration of ADM systems implemented throughout Europe as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak. |
| Husovec, M., Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Husovec2020b, title = {Article 17 of the Copyright Directive: Why the German implementation proposal is compatible with EU law \textendash Part 2}, author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/08/28/article-17-of-the-copyright-directive-why-the-german-implementation-proposal-is-compatible-with-eu-law-part-2/?doing_wp_cron=1598609159.3323481082916259765625}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-28}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Husovec, M., Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Husovec2020, title = {Article 17 of the Copyright Directive: Why the German implementation proposal is compatible with EU law \textendash Part 1}, author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/08/26/article-17-of-the-copyright-directive-why-the-german-implementation-proposal-is-compatible-with-eu-law-part-1/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-27}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Eskens, S. Opinie: De wettelijke mogelijkheden voor online proctoring door universiteiten zijn zeer beperkt Tijdschrift voor Internetrecht, (4), pp. 141-143, 2020. @article{Eskens2020b, title = {Opinie: De wettelijke mogelijkheden voor online proctoring door universiteiten zijn zeer beperkt}, author = {Eskens, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TvI_2020_4.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-27}, journal = {Tijdschrift voor Internetrecht}, number = {4}, pages = {141-143}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R., Toh, J., van Hoboken, J. Techno-optimism and solutionism as a crisis response 2020, (Chapter in L. Taylor, G. Sharma, A. Martin, and S. Jameson (eds.), Data Justice and COVID-19: Global Perspectives, Meatspace Press, 2020)). @inbook{Appelman2020, title = {Techno-optimism and solutionism as a crisis response}, author = {Appelman, N. and Toh, J. and Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://pure.uva.nl/admin/files/49662485/Data_Justice_and_COVID_19.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-27}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped how social, economic, and political power is created, exerted, and extended through technology. Through case studies from around the world, this book analyses the ways in which technologies of monitoring infections, information, and behaviour have been applied and justified during the emergency, what their side-effects have been, and what kinds of resistance they have met.}, note = {Chapter in L. Taylor, G. Sharma, A. Martin, and S. Jameson (eds.), Data Justice and COVID-19: Global Perspectives, Meatspace Press, 2020)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped how social, economic, and political power is created, exerted, and extended through technology. Through case studies from around the world, this book analyses the ways in which technologies of monitoring infections, information, and behaviour have been applied and justified during the emergency, what their side-effects have been, and what kinds of resistance they have met. |
| Poort, J., Rougoor, W., Tieben, B. Reserveprijs veiling DAB+-laag 7 2020, (Rapport in opdracht van het ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat, SEO Economisch Onderzoek, mei 2020. ISBN 9789052200675.). @techreport{Rougoor2020, title = {Reserveprijs veiling DAB+-laag 7}, author = {Rougoor, W. and Tieben, B. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Reserveprijs_veiling_DAB_laag_7.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-27}, abstract = {Voor de veiling van DAB+-laag 7 is een reserveprijs wenselijk die laag maar niet triviaal is om niet-serieuze aanvragers te weren zonder serieuze bieders af te schrikken. Op basis van een tentatieve kasstroomanalyse adviseren SEO Economisch Onderzoek en IViR een reserveprijs te hanteren van ten hoogste € 50 duizend per vergunning. }, note = {Rapport in opdracht van het ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat, SEO Economisch Onderzoek, mei 2020. ISBN 9789052200675.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Voor de veiling van DAB+-laag 7 is een reserveprijs wenselijk die laag maar niet triviaal is om niet-serieuze aanvragers te weren zonder serieuze bieders af te schrikken. Op basis van een tentatieve kasstroomanalyse adviseren SEO Economisch Onderzoek en IViR een reserveprijs te hanteren van ten hoogste € 50 duizend per vergunning. |
| Cooper Dreyfuss, R., van Eechoud, M. Choice of Law in EU Trade Secrecy Cases Chapter 10, pp. 171-191, 2020. @inbook{Dreyfuss2020, title = {Choice of Law in EU Trade Secrecy Cases}, author = {Cooper Dreyfuss, R. and van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788973335/9781788973335.xml}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788973342}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-27}, pages = {171-191}, chapter = {10}, abstract = {Chapter in: The Harmonization and Protection of Trade Secrets in the EU: An Appraisal of the EU Directive, J. Schovsbo, T. Minssen & T. Riis eds., Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. ISBN: 9781788973335.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } Chapter in: The Harmonization and Protection of Trade Secrets in the EU: An Appraisal of the EU Directive, J. Schovsbo, T. Minssen & T. Riis eds., Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. ISBN: 9781788973335. |
| Bouchè, G., Fahy, R., McGonagle, T., Rucz, M., Sangen, A, van der, Seel, M., Stapel, S. Safety of journalists and the fighting of corruption in the EU 2020, (Prof. dr. T. McGonagle - Project Leader - European Parliament - Policy Department for Citizen's Rights and Constitutional Affairs - Directorate-General for Internal Policies - July 2020). @techreport{McGonagle2020f, title = {Safety of journalists and the fighting of corruption in the EU}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Fahy, R. and Bouch\`{e}, G. and Rucz, M. and Stapel, S. and Seel, M. and Sangen, A, van der}, url = {https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/655187/IPOL_STU(2020)655187_EN.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-30}, abstract = {Journalism and journalists face a growing range of threats, including violence and harassment; the misuse of defamation and other laws against them, and restrictive measures on freedom of information and expression adopted in response to the Covid-19 crisis. States must ensure a safe and favourable environment for journalists to perform their public watchdog function. This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, examines the overall chilling effect of crimes and threats against journalists and explores various regulatory and other measures to counter them. This report was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs.}, note = {Prof. dr. T. McGonagle - Project Leader - European Parliament - Policy Department for Citizen's Rights and Constitutional Affairs - Directorate-General for Internal Policies - July 2020}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Journalism and journalists face a growing range of threats, including violence and harassment; the misuse of defamation and other laws against them, and restrictive measures on freedom of information and expression adopted in response to the Covid-19 crisis. States must ensure a safe and favourable environment for journalists to perform their public watchdog function. This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, examines the overall chilling effect of crimes and threats against journalists and explores various regulatory and other measures to counter them. This report was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. |
| Drunen, M. van Journal of Media Law, 2020. @article{Drunen2020, title = {The post-editorial control era: how EU media law matches platforms’ organisational control with cooperative responsibility}, author = {Drunen, M. van}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17577632.2020.1796067}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17577632.2020.1796067}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-28}, journal = {Journal of Media Law}, abstract = {This paper argues the AVMSD attaches cooperative responsibility to platforms’ organisational control. Firstly, it explores how the new concept of organisational control differs from the editorial control that has traditionally been central to media law, in particular concerning the greater involvement of other stakeholders active on platforms. Secondly, it analyses the measures the AVMSD requires platforms to take with regard to content on their service in light of their organisational control. Finally, it shows how the AVMSD not only requires platforms to assume responsibility for actions under their direct control, but also to enable users and uploaders to exercise their inherent influence differently. The AVMSD consequently moves away from centralised, and towards cooperative responsibility for platforms. The paper concludes by evaluating the choices the AVMSD makes (and fails to make) in the operationalisation of this new responsibility model.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper argues the AVMSD attaches cooperative responsibility to platforms’ organisational control. Firstly, it explores how the new concept of organisational control differs from the editorial control that has traditionally been central to media law, in particular concerning the greater involvement of other stakeholders active on platforms. Secondly, it analyses the measures the AVMSD requires platforms to take with regard to content on their service in light of their organisational control. Finally, it shows how the AVMSD not only requires platforms to assume responsibility for actions under their direct control, but also to enable users and uploaders to exercise their inherent influence differently. The AVMSD consequently moves away from centralised, and towards cooperative responsibility for platforms. The paper concludes by evaluating the choices the AVMSD makes (and fails to make) in the operationalisation of this new responsibility model. |
| Buijtelaar, L.D., Senftleben, M. Auteursrecht op robotcreaties? Een analyse op basis van de incentivetheorie AMI, (3-4), pp. 77-93, 2020. @article{Buijtelaar2020, title = {Auteursrecht op robotcreaties? Een analyse op basis van de incentivetheorie}, author = {Buijtelaar, L.D. and Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2020_3_4_77.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-24}, journal = {AMI}, number = {3-4}, pages = {77-93}, abstract = {Vandaag de dag zijn teksten, schilderijen en liedjes niet noodzakelijkerwijs het resultaat van menselijke creativiteit. Geavanceerde robotsystemen zijn in staat om output te genereren die nauwelijks te onderscheiden is van de werken van makers van vlees en bloed. Dit doet de vraag rijzen of door robots gegenereerde creaties in aanmerking kunnen komen voor auteursrechtelijke bescherming. In de volgende analyse staat deze vraag centraal. Na een inleidende bespreking van het traditionele vereiste van menselijke creativiteit in het auteursrecht dienen de ratio’s van auteursrechtelijke bescherming \textendash met name de economische incentivetheorie \textendash als maatstaf om over nut en noodzaak van de toekenning van bescherming te beslissen. Voorts wordt aandacht besteed aan de vraag wie de houder van rechten op robotcreaties zou kunnen zijn. Ten slotte vindt een afweging plaats van de voor- en nadelen van bescherming, mede in het licht van de mogelijkheid om robotcreaties vrij te laten en het publieke domein te verrijken.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Vandaag de dag zijn teksten, schilderijen en liedjes niet noodzakelijkerwijs het resultaat van menselijke creativiteit. Geavanceerde robotsystemen zijn in staat om output te genereren die nauwelijks te onderscheiden is van de werken van makers van vlees en bloed. Dit doet de vraag rijzen of door robots gegenereerde creaties in aanmerking kunnen komen voor auteursrechtelijke bescherming. In de volgende analyse staat deze vraag centraal. Na een inleidende bespreking van het traditionele vereiste van menselijke creativiteit in het auteursrecht dienen de ratio’s van auteursrechtelijke bescherming – met name de economische incentivetheorie – als maatstaf om over nut en noodzaak van de toekenning van bescherming te beslissen. Voorts wordt aandacht besteed aan de vraag wie de houder van rechten op robotcreaties zou kunnen zijn. Ten slotte vindt een afweging plaats van de voor- en nadelen van bescherming, mede in het licht van de mogelijkheid om robotcreaties vrij te laten en het publieke domein te verrijken. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Rb Amsterdam 1 november 2019 (Van Uem / De Persgroep) AMI, (3-4), pp. 101-105, 2020. @article{Hugenholtz2020c, title = {Annotatie bij Rb Amsterdam 1 november 2019 (Van Uem / De Persgroep)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2020_3_4.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-24}, journal = {AMI}, number = {3-4}, pages = {101-105}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Irion, K. 2020. @online{Irion2020c, title = {Schrems II and Surveillance: Third Countries’ National Security Powers in the Purview of EU Law, European Law Blog}, author = {Irion, K.}, url = {https://europeanlawblog.eu/2020/07/24/schrems-ii-and-surveillance-third-countries-national-security-powers-in-the-purview-of-eu-law/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-24}, abstract = {On 16 July 2020 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) composed as Grand Chamber delivered its landmark ruling Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland Ltd and Maximillian Schrems (case C-311/18, “Schrems II”). The focus of my commentary will be on the aspect that EU law on cross-border transfers of personal data to a third country is not deferential to national security powers of that third country. This judgment is remarkable provided that electronic surveillance conducted by Member States’ intelligence authorities for the purpose of national security is off limits for EU law and that exceptions in international agreement are fairly regularly made for national security. This contribution will deal with the embedded assessment of a third country’s national security powers under the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679, GDPR) and will address the criticism that a third country is held to stricter standards than a Member State of the Union.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } On 16 July 2020 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) composed as Grand Chamber delivered its landmark ruling Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland Ltd and Maximillian Schrems (case C-311/18, “Schrems II”). The focus of my commentary will be on the aspect that EU law on cross-border transfers of personal data to a third country is not deferential to national security powers of that third country. This judgment is remarkable provided that electronic surveillance conducted by Member States’ intelligence authorities for the purpose of national security is off limits for EU law and that exceptions in international agreement are fairly regularly made for national security. This contribution will deal with the embedded assessment of a third country’s national security powers under the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679, GDPR) and will address the criticism that a third country is held to stricter standards than a Member State of the Union. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie HvJ EU 2 oktober 2018 (Ministerio Fiscal) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (28), pp. 3753-3754, 2020. @article{Dommering2020h, title = {Annotatie HvJ EU 2 oktober 2018 (Ministerio Fiscal)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_232.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-21}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {28}, pages = {3753-3754}, abstract = {Toegang tot door elektronische communicatiedienstaanbieder verwerkte persoonsgegevens alleen gerechtvaardigd als het om ernstig delict gaat. Identificatiegegevens op SIMkaart van gestolen mobiele telefoon ook bij lichtere vormen van criminaliteit toegestaan toegestaan omdat deze op zich zelf geen inzicht geven in de priv\'{e} communicatie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Toegang tot door elektronische communicatiedienstaanbieder verwerkte persoonsgegevens alleen gerechtvaardigd als het om ernstig delict gaat. Identificatiegegevens op SIMkaart van gestolen mobiele telefoon ook bij lichtere vormen van criminaliteit toegestaan toegestaan omdat deze op zich zelf geen inzicht geven in de privé communicatie. |
| Bodó, B. New Media & Society, 2020. @article{Bod\'{o}2020b, title = {Mediated trust: A theoretical framework to address the trustworthiness of technological trust mediators}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444820939922}, doi = {10.1177/1461444820939922}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-17}, journal = {New Media & Society}, abstract = {This article considers the impact of digital technologies on the interpersonal and institutional logics of trust production. It introduces the new theoretical concept of technology-mediated trust to analyze the role of complex techno-social assemblages in trust production and distrust management. The first part of the article argues that globalization and digitalization have unleashed a crisis of trust, as traditional institutional and interpersonal logics are not attuned to deal with the risks introduced by the prevalence of digital technologies. In the second part, the article describes how digital intermediation has transformed the traditional logics of interpersonal and institutional trust formation and created new trust-mediating services. Finally, the article asks as follows: why should we trust these technological trust mediators? The conclusion is that at best, it is impossible to establish the trustworthiness of trust mediators, and that at worst, we have no reason to trust them.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article considers the impact of digital technologies on the interpersonal and institutional logics of trust production. It introduces the new theoretical concept of technology-mediated trust to analyze the role of complex techno-social assemblages in trust production and distrust management. The first part of the article argues that globalization and digitalization have unleashed a crisis of trust, as traditional institutional and interpersonal logics are not attuned to deal with the risks introduced by the prevalence of digital technologies. In the second part, the article describes how digital intermediation has transformed the traditional logics of interpersonal and institutional trust formation and created new trust-mediating services. Finally, the article asks as follows: why should we trust these technological trust mediators? The conclusion is that at best, it is impossible to establish the trustworthiness of trust mediators, and that at worst, we have no reason to trust them. |
| Ausloos, J., Mahieu, R. Harnessing the collective potential of GDPR access rights: towards an ecology of transparency Internet Policy Review, 2020, (Opinion). @article{Mahieu2020, title = {Harnessing the collective potential of GDPR access rights: towards an ecology of transparency}, author = {Mahieu, R. and Ausloos, J.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/harnessing-collective-potential-gdpr-access-rights-towards-ecology-transparency/1487}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-17}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, abstract = {The GDPR’s goal of empowering citizens can only be fully realised when the collective dimensions of data subject rights are acknowledged and supported through proper enforcement. The power of the collective use of data subjects’ rights, however, is currently neither acknowledged nor properly enforced. This is the message we sent to the European Commission in response to its call for feedback for its two-year review of the GDPR. In our submission entitled Recognising and Enabling the Collective Dimension of the GDPR and the Right of Access \textendash A call to support the governance structure of checks and balances for informational power asymmetries, we demonstrate the collective potential of GDPR access rights with a long list of real-life examples.}, note = {Opinion}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The GDPR’s goal of empowering citizens can only be fully realised when the collective dimensions of data subject rights are acknowledged and supported through proper enforcement. The power of the collective use of data subjects’ rights, however, is currently neither acknowledged nor properly enforced. This is the message we sent to the European Commission in response to its call for feedback for its two-year review of the GDPR. In our submission entitled Recognising and Enabling the Collective Dimension of the GDPR and the Right of Access – A call to support the governance structure of checks and balances for informational power asymmetries, we demonstrate the collective potential of GDPR access rights with a long list of real-life examples. |
| McGonagle, T., Volgenant, O. Mediaforum, 2020 (3), pp. 87-89, 2020. @article{Volgenant2020, title = {Kroniek Persrecht 2019}, author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2020_3_Volgenant.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-17}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2020}, number = {3}, pages = {87-89}, abstract = {Was 2018 het jaar van de serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama en ernstige bedreigingen van individuele journalisten, in 2019 zagen we hoe de beroepsgroep en de overheid daarop reageerden. Het initiatief ‘PersVeilig’ werd gepresenteerd, en in de strafzaken over de twee aanslagen werden verdachten opgepakt en veroordeeld. In 2019 werd \textendash helaas \textendash voor het eerst sinds lange tijd weer een journalist gegijzeld, ondanks het feit dat een jaar eerder het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk was verankerd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Was 2018 het jaar van de serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama en ernstige bedreigingen van individuele journalisten, in 2019 zagen we hoe de beroepsgroep en de overheid daarop reageerden. Het initiatief ‘PersVeilig’ werd gepresenteerd, en in de strafzaken over de twee aanslagen werden verdachten opgepakt en veroordeeld. In 2019 werd – helaas – voor het eerst sinds lange tijd weer een journalist gegijzeld, ondanks het feit dat een jaar eerder het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk was verankerd. |
| Bernstein, A., Helberger, N., Schulz, W., Vreese, C.H. de Challenging rabbit holes: towards more diversity in news recommendation systems LSE Media Blog, 2020. @article{Helberger2020e, title = {Challenging rabbit holes: towards more diversity in news recommendation systems}, author = {Helberger, N. and Bernstein, A. and Schulz, W. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2020/07/02/challenging-rabbit-holes-towards-more-diversity-in-news-recommendation-systems/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-16}, journal = {LSE Media Blog}, abstract = {Access to diverse sources of news and information is more important than ever in this time of global crisis, yet far too often, people can find themselves diving into ‘rabbit holes’ of information and opinion that are hard to escape. Here, the following authors provide an in depth assessment of how algorithmic recommendation systems for news can play a more constructive role in a diverse media landscape.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Access to diverse sources of news and information is more important than ever in this time of global crisis, yet far too often, people can find themselves diving into ‘rabbit holes’ of information and opinion that are hard to escape. Here, the following authors provide an in depth assessment of how algorithmic recommendation systems for news can play a more constructive role in a diverse media landscape. |
| Helberger, N. Digital Journalism, 8 (6), pp. 842-854, 2020. @article{Helberger2020d, title = {The Political Power of Platforms: How Current Attempts to Regulate Misinformation Amplify Opinion Power}, author = {Helberger, N.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1773888}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-14}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {8}, number = {6}, pages = {842-854}, abstract = {This contribution critically reviews the ongoing policy initiatives in Europe to impose greater societal responsibility on social media platforms. I discuss the current regulatory approach of treating social platforms as mere 'intermediaries' of the speech of others and propose a different perspective. Instead of perceiving platforms as intermediaries and facilitators of the speech of others, I view social media platforms as active political actors in their own right, and wielders of considerable opinion power. I will explain how taking the perspective of opinion power throws a very different, and rather alarming light on the recent regulatory initiatives.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This contribution critically reviews the ongoing policy initiatives in Europe to impose greater societal responsibility on social media platforms. I discuss the current regulatory approach of treating social platforms as mere 'intermediaries' of the speech of others and propose a different perspective. Instead of perceiving platforms as intermediaries and facilitators of the speech of others, I view social media platforms as active political actors in their own right, and wielders of considerable opinion power. I will explain how taking the perspective of opinion power throws a very different, and rather alarming light on the recent regulatory initiatives. |
| Keller, P. Hungary’s fast tracked implementation of Article 5 CDSM directive in response to the pandemic Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Keller2020c, title = {Hungary’s fast tracked implementation of Article 5 CDSM directive in response to the pandemic}, author = {Keller, P.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/06/23/hungarys-fast-tracked-implementation-of-article-5-cdsm-directive-in-response-to-the-pandemic/?doing_wp_cron=1593173611.1108019351959228515625}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-26}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Ausloos, J., Leerssen, P., Thije, P. ten Operationalizing Research Access in Platform Governance: What to learn from other industries? 2020. @techreport{Ausloos2020b, title = {Operationalizing Research Access in Platform Governance: What to learn from other industries?}, author = {Ausloos, J. and Leerssen, P. and Thije, P. ten}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/GoverningPlatforms_IViR_study_June2020-AlgorithmWatch-2020-06-24.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-25}, abstract = {A new study published by AlgorithmWatch, in cooperation with the European Policy Centre and the University of Amsterdam’s Institute for Information Law, shows that the GDPR needn’t stand in the way of meaningful research access to platform data; looks to health and environmental sectors for best practices in privacy-respecting data sharing frameworks.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } A new study published by AlgorithmWatch, in cooperation with the European Policy Centre and the University of Amsterdam’s Institute for Information Law, shows that the GDPR needn’t stand in the way of meaningful research access to platform data; looks to health and environmental sectors for best practices in privacy-respecting data sharing frameworks. |
| Ausloos, J. Technologiereuzen moeten zeggen hoe ze ons gedrag bepalen en zo dwingen we dat af 2020, (Opinie). @article{Ausloos2020c, title = {Technologiereuzen moeten zeggen hoe ze ons gedrag bepalen en zo dwingen we dat af}, author = {Ausloos, J.}, url = {https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2020/06/25/de-macht-van-technologiereuzen-en-hoe-ze-aan-banden-te-leggen/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-25}, abstract = {Vandaag verschijnt een rapport met aanbevelingen voor de Europese Commissie. Dat zet uiteen hoe onlineplatformen verplicht kunnen worden om aan bepaalde transparantie-eisen te voldoen. Jef Ausloos is hoofdauteur van het rapport en bepleit waarom zo'n kader nodig is. "Transparantie is van cruciaal belang om donkere kantjes in kaart te brengen, zodat we collectief kunnen bepalen waar en hoe we de groeiende macht van onlineplatformen moeten inperken."}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Vandaag verschijnt een rapport met aanbevelingen voor de Europese Commissie. Dat zet uiteen hoe onlineplatformen verplicht kunnen worden om aan bepaalde transparantie-eisen te voldoen. Jef Ausloos is hoofdauteur van het rapport en bepleit waarom zo'n kader nodig is. "Transparantie is van cruciaal belang om donkere kantjes in kaart te brengen, zodat we collectief kunnen bepalen waar en hoe we de groeiende macht van onlineplatformen moeten inperken." |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 24 januari 2019 (Catt / Verenigd Koninkrijk) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (24), pp. 3185-3187, 2020, (nr. 192). @article{Dommering2020g, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 24 januari 2019 (Catt / Verenigd Koninkrijk)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2020_192.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-18}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {24}, pages = {3185-3187}, abstract = {Ten onrechte opneming van een vredesactivist in een databank tegen binnenlands terrorisme. Databank dienst een legitiem doel, maar voortdurend bewaren disproportioneel.}, note = {nr. 192}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ten onrechte opneming van een vredesactivist in een databank tegen binnenlands terrorisme. Databank dienst een legitiem doel, maar voortdurend bewaren disproportioneel. |
| Eskens, S., Helberger, N., Möller, J., Monzer, C. User Perspectives on the News Personalisation Process: Agency, Trust and Utility as Building Blocks Digital Journalism, 8 (9), pp. 1142-1162, 2020. @article{Monzer2020, title = {User Perspectives on the News Personalisation Process: Agency, Trust and Utility as Building Blocks}, author = {Monzer, C. and M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Eskens, S.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2020.1773291}, doi = {10.1080/21670811.2020.1773291}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-16}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {8}, number = {9}, pages = {1142-1162}, abstract = {With the increasing use of algorithms in news distribution, commentators warn about its possible impacts on the changing relationship between the news media and news readers. To understand the meaning of news personalisation strategies to users, we investigated how they currently experience news personalisation, perceive their role in the personalisation process, and envision increasing the utility of personalised news by giving users more agency and fostering trust. We conducted four focus groups with online news readers in Germany. For the analysis, grounded theory techniques were suitable due to their applicability in reconstructing user perspectives through their own experiences. We found that (1) users fail to distinguish between news personalisation and commercial targeting, which may negatively bias their perception; (2) there is a contradiction in how users perceive themselves as active participants in the process, but lack the means to exercise agency; (3) user concerns extend beyond privacy to what information they receive and their right to personal autonomy\textemdasha solution requires offering users the ability to dynamically adjust their “news interest profiles”; (4) while news personalisation strategies afford new opportunities for introducing reciprocity in the media-audience relationship, negotiating competing logics of journalistic, personal and algorithmic curation remains a challenge.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } With the increasing use of algorithms in news distribution, commentators warn about its possible impacts on the changing relationship between the news media and news readers. To understand the meaning of news personalisation strategies to users, we investigated how they currently experience news personalisation, perceive their role in the personalisation process, and envision increasing the utility of personalised news by giving users more agency and fostering trust. We conducted four focus groups with online news readers in Germany. For the analysis, grounded theory techniques were suitable due to their applicability in reconstructing user perspectives through their own experiences. We found that (1) users fail to distinguish between news personalisation and commercial targeting, which may negatively bias their perception; (2) there is a contradiction in how users perceive themselves as active participants in the process, but lack the means to exercise agency; (3) user concerns extend beyond privacy to what information they receive and their right to personal autonomy—a solution requires offering users the ability to dynamically adjust their “news interest profiles”; (4) while news personalisation strategies afford new opportunities for introducing reciprocity in the media-audience relationship, negotiating competing logics of journalistic, personal and algorithmic curation remains a challenge. |
| Arnbak, A., Geursen, W,W,, Yakovleva, S. Tijdschrift Mededingingsrecht in de Praktijk, (2), pp. 30-37, 2020. @article{Yakovleva2020b, title = {Drie mogelijke boetes van mededingings-, consumenten- en persoonsgegevensautoriteiten voor hetzelfde datagebruik}, author = {Yakovleva, S. and Geursen, W,W, and Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/MP_2020_164.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-09}, journal = {Tijdschrift Mededingingsrecht in de Praktijk}, number = {2}, pages = {30-37}, abstract = {Door de toename van datagebruik door ondernemingen is er sprake van convergentie tussen het mededingings-, consumenten- en gegevensbeschermingsrecht. Er kan dan parallelle handhaving plaatsvinden ten aanzien van \'{e}\'{e}n en dezelfde handeling door dezelfde onderneming door drie verschillende autoriteiten. Dat noemen wij caleidoscopische handhaving. Dat heeft volgens ons verschillende keerzijden, waaronder het risico op overhandhaving door drie afzonderlijke procedures van drie afzonderlijke autoriteiten en mogelijk drie boetes. Wij onderzoeken in dit artikel waarom het ne-bis-in-idem-beginsel niet van toepassing is en het beginsel van eendaadse samenloop evenmin (net als in de recente Marine Harvest gun-jumping zaak), waardoor proportionaliteit overblijft.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Door de toename van datagebruik door ondernemingen is er sprake van convergentie tussen het mededingings-, consumenten- en gegevensbeschermingsrecht. Er kan dan parallelle handhaving plaatsvinden ten aanzien van één en dezelfde handeling door dezelfde onderneming door drie verschillende autoriteiten. Dat noemen wij caleidoscopische handhaving. Dat heeft volgens ons verschillende keerzijden, waaronder het risico op overhandhaving door drie afzonderlijke procedures van drie afzonderlijke autoriteiten en mogelijk drie boetes. Wij onderzoeken in dit artikel waarom het ne-bis-in-idem-beginsel niet van toepassing is en het beginsel van eendaadse samenloop evenmin (net als in de recente Marine Harvest gun-jumping zaak), waardoor proportionaliteit overblijft. |
| Harkai, I., Katzenbach, C., Magalhães, J.C., Mezei, P., Quintais, J., Riis, T., Schwemer, S. Webinar on Public and Regulatory Framework of Online Intermediaries 2020. @online{Quintais2020c, title = {Webinar on Public and Regulatory Framework of Online Intermediaries}, author = {Quintais, J. and Mezei, P. and Harkai, I. and Katzenbach, C. and Magalh\~{a}es, J.C. and Schwemer, S. and Riis, T. }, url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9RccSMBSjE&t=5s https://www.recreating.eu/public-and-regulatory-framework-of-online-intermediaries-workshop/ https://zenodo.org/record/3833714#.XseaZGgzbIW}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-22}, abstract = {Recording of the reCreating Europe Online Workshop on Public and Private Regulatory Framework of Online Intermediaries organized on 5 May 2020. Slides and report of the event also available at the links below.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } Recording of the reCreating Europe Online Workshop on Public and Private Regulatory Framework of Online Intermediaries organized on 5 May 2020. Slides and report of the event also available at the links below. |
| Ferrari, V. The regulation of crypto-assets in the EU – investment and payment tokens under the radar Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 2020. @article{Ferrari2020, title = {The regulation of crypto-assets in the EU \textendash investment and payment tokens under the radar}, author = {Ferrari, V.}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1023263X20911538}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X20911538}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-21}, journal = {Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law}, abstract = {Based on the guidelines issued by the European Securities and Market Authority and by the European Banking Authority, the article deals with the legal qualification of blockchain-based crypto-assets under EU law. Focusing on crypto-assets that function as a) investment instruments (that is, investment tokens) and as b) electronic money (that is, payment tokens), the work outlines shortages and drawbacks in the applicability and enforcement of existing EU legal frameworks regulating investment activities and payment services. With such analysis, the article seeks to inform the ongoing debate within European institutions on the need of regulatory intervention in this area, and it points out pressing questions to be tackled by further research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the guidelines issued by the European Securities and Market Authority and by the European Banking Authority, the article deals with the legal qualification of blockchain-based crypto-assets under EU law. Focusing on crypto-assets that function as a) investment instruments (that is, investment tokens) and as b) electronic money (that is, payment tokens), the work outlines shortages and drawbacks in the applicability and enforcement of existing EU legal frameworks regulating investment activities and payment services. With such analysis, the article seeks to inform the ongoing debate within European institutions on the need of regulatory intervention in this area, and it points out pressing questions to be tackled by further research. |
| van Eijk, N. Handboek Consumentenrecht, red. E.H. Hondius & V. Mak, Chapter 16, pp. 391-402, Uitgeverij Paris, 5e druk, 2020, ISBN: 9789462512108. @inbook{vanEijk2020, title = {Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Handboek_Consumentenrecht_NvE.pdf}, isbn = {9789462512108}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-19}, urldate = {2020-05-18}, booktitle = {Handboek Consumentenrecht, red. E.H. Hondius & V. Mak}, pages = {391-402}, publisher = {Uitgeverij Paris}, edition = {5e druk}, chapter = {16}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R., Helberger, N., Leerssen, P., McGonagle, T., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. 2020, (Rapport voor het ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, Amsterdam, december 2019). @techreport{vanHoboken2020b, title = {Het juridisch kader voor de verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Rapport_desinformatie_december2019.pdf https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Kamerbrief_desinformatie.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-14}, abstract = {Het onderzoek, uitgevoerd in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, analyseert het juridisch kader van toepassing op de verspreiding van desinformatie via online diensten. Het rapport biedt een uitgebreid overzicht van de relevante Europese en Nederlandse normen en doet aanbevelingen voor de verbetering van dit juridisch kader. Het onderzoek bevat daarnaast ook een analyse van het relevant wettelijke kader in de V.S., het V.K, Frankrijk, Duitsland, Canada en Zweden. Het rapport maakt duidelijk hoe de vrijheid van meningsuiting als rode draad door het wettelijke kader loopt. Dit fundamentele recht vormt zowel de buitenste grens voor regulering als een basis voor nieuwe maatregelen, bijvoorbeeld voor de bescherming van pluralisme. Het wettelijk kader van toepassing op desinformatie blijkt zeer breed, bevat verschillende reguleringsniveaus, verschuift afhankelijk van de specifieke context en omvat vele al bestaande normen voor de regulering van specifieke typen desinformatie. Verder blijkt het toezicht op dit wettelijk kader vrij gefragmenteerd te zijn. Op basis van deze analyse komt het rapport tot aan aantal aanbevelingen. De aanbevelingen hebben onder andere betrekking op het gebruik van de term desinformatie als beleidsterm, het omgaan met de spanningen op de verschillende beleidsniveaus, de regulering van internettussenpersonen door middel van transparantie verplichtingen en de samenwerking tussen de verschillende toezichthouders. Voorafgaand aan deze eindrapportage is in eind 2019 het interim-rapport gepubliceerd. Dit rapport focuste op de relatie tussen desinformatie en online politieke advertenties. Beide studies zijn onderdeel van het onderzoeksproject ‘Digital Transition of Decision-Making at the Faculty of Law of the University of Amsterdam’ dat zich buigt over vraagstukken gerelateerd aan kunstmatige intelligentie en publieke waarden, data governance, en online platforms. }, note = {Rapport voor het ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, Amsterdam, december 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Het onderzoek, uitgevoerd in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, analyseert het juridisch kader van toepassing op de verspreiding van desinformatie via online diensten. Het rapport biedt een uitgebreid overzicht van de relevante Europese en Nederlandse normen en doet aanbevelingen voor de verbetering van dit juridisch kader. Het onderzoek bevat daarnaast ook een analyse van het relevant wettelijke kader in de V.S., het V.K, Frankrijk, Duitsland, Canada en Zweden. Het rapport maakt duidelijk hoe de vrijheid van meningsuiting als rode draad door het wettelijke kader loopt. Dit fundamentele recht vormt zowel de buitenste grens voor regulering als een basis voor nieuwe maatregelen, bijvoorbeeld voor de bescherming van pluralisme. Het wettelijk kader van toepassing op desinformatie blijkt zeer breed, bevat verschillende reguleringsniveaus, verschuift afhankelijk van de specifieke context en omvat vele al bestaande normen voor de regulering van specifieke typen desinformatie. Verder blijkt het toezicht op dit wettelijk kader vrij gefragmenteerd te zijn. Op basis van deze analyse komt het rapport tot aan aantal aanbevelingen. De aanbevelingen hebben onder andere betrekking op het gebruik van de term desinformatie als beleidsterm, het omgaan met de spanningen op de verschillende beleidsniveaus, de regulering van internettussenpersonen door middel van transparantie verplichtingen en de samenwerking tussen de verschillende toezichthouders. Voorafgaand aan deze eindrapportage is in eind 2019 het interim-rapport gepubliceerd. Dit rapport focuste op de relatie tussen desinformatie en online politieke advertenties. Beide studies zijn onderdeel van het onderzoeksproject ‘Digital Transition of Decision-Making at the Faculty of Law of the University of Amsterdam’ dat zich buigt over vraagstukken gerelateerd aan kunstmatige intelligentie en publieke waarden, data governance, en online platforms. |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R., Helberger, N., Leerssen, P., McGonagle, T., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. 2020, (A report for the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, Amsterdam, December 2019). @techreport{vanHoboken2020c, title = {The legal framework on the dissemination of disinformation through Internet services and the regulation of political advertising}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Report_Disinformation_Dec2019-1.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-14}, abstract = {The study, commissioned by the Dutch government, focusses on the legal framework governing the dissemination of disinformation, in particular through Internet services. The study provides an extensive overview of relevant European and Dutch legal norms relating to the spread of online disinformation, and recommendations are given on how to improve this framework. Additionally, the study includes an analysis of the relevant legal framework in 6 different countries (U.K., U.S., France, Germany, Sweden and Canada). The report makes clear how the freedom of expression runs as a central theme through the legal framework, both forming the outer limit for possible regulation and a legal basis to create new regulation (e.g. protecting pluralism). The legal framework governing disinformation online is shown to be very broad, encompassing different levels of regulation, shifting depending on the context and already regulating many different types of disinformation. Further, oversight seems to be fragmented with many different supervisory authorities involved but limited cooperation. Based on this analysis, the report offers several recommendations, such as on the use of disinformation not as a legal term but a policy term, on negotiating the tensions on the different policy levels, on the regulation of internet intermediaries including transparency obligations and on increased cooperation between the relevant supervisory authorities. Previously, the interim report focussing on political advertising was published in late 2019. Both these studies have been carried out in the context of the research initiative on the Digital Transition of Decision-Making at the Faculty of Law of the University of Amsterdam, focussing on questions related to AI and public values, data governance and online platforms.}, note = {A report for the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, Amsterdam, December 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The study, commissioned by the Dutch government, focusses on the legal framework governing the dissemination of disinformation, in particular through Internet services. The study provides an extensive overview of relevant European and Dutch legal norms relating to the spread of online disinformation, and recommendations are given on how to improve this framework. Additionally, the study includes an analysis of the relevant legal framework in 6 different countries (U.K., U.S., France, Germany, Sweden and Canada). The report makes clear how the freedom of expression runs as a central theme through the legal framework, both forming the outer limit for possible regulation and a legal basis to create new regulation (e.g. protecting pluralism). The legal framework governing disinformation online is shown to be very broad, encompassing different levels of regulation, shifting depending on the context and already regulating many different types of disinformation. Further, oversight seems to be fragmented with many different supervisory authorities involved but limited cooperation. Based on this analysis, the report offers several recommendations, such as on the use of disinformation not as a legal term but a policy term, on negotiating the tensions on the different policy levels, on the regulation of internet intermediaries including transparency obligations and on increased cooperation between the relevant supervisory authorities. Previously, the interim report focussing on political advertising was published in late 2019. Both these studies have been carried out in the context of the research initiative on the Digital Transition of Decision-Making at the Faculty of Law of the University of Amsterdam, focussing on questions related to AI and public values, data governance and online platforms. |
| Senftleben, M. Flexibility Grave – Partial Reproduction Focus and Closed System Fetishism in CJEU, Pelham IIC, 51 (6), pp. 751-769, 2020. @article{Senftleben2020c, title = {Flexibility Grave \textendash Partial Reproduction Focus and Closed System Fetishism in CJEU, Pelham}, author = {Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-020-00940-z}, doi = {10.1007/s40319-020-00940-z}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-12}, journal = {IIC}, volume = {51}, number = {6}, pages = {751-769}, abstract = {In the ongoing discussion about the impact of fundamental rights on EU copyright law, the Pelham judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has received much attention. However, the decision also raises important legal-doctrinal issues. The CJEU employs the harmonized right of reproduction as a vehicle to regulate adaptations of pre-existing source material. Moreover, the Court insists on a balancing of interests within the EU matrix of exclusive rights and limitations. The closed list of limitations in EU copyright law, however, can hardly be expected to offer sufficient breathing space for adaptation scenarios. As the Information Society Directive did not harmonize the right of adaptation, there was no need to include indispensable free adaptation rules that have evolved at the national level, such as the German “free use” doctrine. Instead of embracing national rules of equity and fairness to fill the gap, the CJEU is reluctant to borrow from the legal traditions of EU Member States and misses an important opportunity to provide guidance for the regulation of adaptations outside the sound sampling arena. After an introduction to the German “Metall auf Metall” saga that led to the Pelham decision, the following analysis sheds light on these developments in EU copyright law and discusses problems arising from the approach taken by the CJEU.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the ongoing discussion about the impact of fundamental rights on EU copyright law, the Pelham judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has received much attention. However, the decision also raises important legal-doctrinal issues. The CJEU employs the harmonized right of reproduction as a vehicle to regulate adaptations of pre-existing source material. Moreover, the Court insists on a balancing of interests within the EU matrix of exclusive rights and limitations. The closed list of limitations in EU copyright law, however, can hardly be expected to offer sufficient breathing space for adaptation scenarios. As the Information Society Directive did not harmonize the right of adaptation, there was no need to include indispensable free adaptation rules that have evolved at the national level, such as the German “free use” doctrine. Instead of embracing national rules of equity and fairness to fill the gap, the CJEU is reluctant to borrow from the legal traditions of EU Member States and misses an important opportunity to provide guidance for the regulation of adaptations outside the sound sampling arena. After an introduction to the German “Metall auf Metall” saga that led to the Pelham decision, the following analysis sheds light on these developments in EU copyright law and discusses problems arising from the approach taken by the CJEU. |
| McGonagle, T., Voorhoof, D. Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights 2020, (IRIS Themes - Volume III (5th edition), European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg). @book{Voorhoof2020, title = {Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists: Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights}, author = {Voorhoof, D. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/iris-themes-vol-iii-ed-2020-en-2/16809e45e7}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-08}, abstract = {This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first four editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017) have proved hugely successful. The new fifth edition summarises over 315 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). For an optimal navigational experience, one should download the e-book and read the technical tips on p. 3.}, note = {IRIS Themes - Volume III (5th edition), European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } This e-book provides valuable insights into the European Court of Human Rights’ extensive case-law on freedom of expression and media and journalistic freedoms. The first four editions of the e-book (2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017) have proved hugely successful. The new fifth edition summarises over 315 judgments or decisions by the Court and provides hyperlinks to the full text of each of the summarised judgments or decisions (via HUDOC, the Court's online case-law database). For an optimal navigational experience, one should download the e-book and read the technical tips on p. 3. |
| Appelman, N., Bodó, B., Schwichow, H. von Money talks? The impact of corporate funding on information law research 2020, (Amsterdam: IViR, Berlin: European Hub of the NoC). @techreport{Bod\'{o}2020, title = {Money talks? The impact of corporate funding on information law research}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Schwichow, H. von and Appelman, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/money-talks-summary-report-final.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-07}, abstract = {Corporate funding is a contentious issue in information law and policy research. In the fall of 2019, the Institute of Information Law at the University of Amsterdam, and the European Hub of the Network of Centers invited academic research institutions, as well as junior and senior scholars to reflect on the issues around corporate influence on research through money, data, infrastructure, access. The discussion arrived at a number of important conclusions: - The discussion on funding must include data, infrastructure deals, and other forms of indirect funding - Sometimes corporate funding is the only way to get access to critical resources - Transparency is a must, but not a silver bullet to deal with funding - It is difficult to set up universal a priori norms of which type of funding is acceptable in which situations, - Academia may need new institutional solutions to review funding, and manage the potential risks of funders taking over the agenda, research bias, and reputational harms - Public funding bodies are part of the problem as much of the solution. The rapid, but consequential shifts in the digital landscape in terms of technological innovation, dominant economic actors, power relations, social, political structures, transform the environment of academic research which aims to address the legal and policy issues around those changes. More and more issues, such as content moderation, intermediary liability, digital advertising, algorithmic discrimination, the accountability of AI systems are framed as regulatory dilemmas. As a result, legal research is both in growing demand, and has gained visibility, and significance. As the future rules of the information society are shaping up in the discussions led, or at least prominently shaped by information law research, the temptation to influence it also increases. Research institutions must acknowledge the shifting landscape and the growing stakes. Challenges at that scale require more than individual integrity: there is a need for institutional solutions that on the one hand can actively assess, and mitigate the potential harms in each individual case, and on the other hand, is able to actively shape the funding landscape, and the norms around funding.}, note = {Amsterdam: IViR, Berlin: European Hub of the NoC}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Corporate funding is a contentious issue in information law and policy research. In the fall of 2019, the Institute of Information Law at the University of Amsterdam, and the European Hub of the Network of Centers invited academic research institutions, as well as junior and senior scholars to reflect on the issues around corporate influence on research through money, data, infrastructure, access. The discussion arrived at a number of important conclusions: - The discussion on funding must include data, infrastructure deals, and other forms of indirect funding - Sometimes corporate funding is the only way to get access to critical resources - Transparency is a must, but not a silver bullet to deal with funding - It is difficult to set up universal a priori norms of which type of funding is acceptable in which situations, - Academia may need new institutional solutions to review funding, and manage the potential risks of funders taking over the agenda, research bias, and reputational harms - Public funding bodies are part of the problem as much of the solution. The rapid, but consequential shifts in the digital landscape in terms of technological innovation, dominant economic actors, power relations, social, political structures, transform the environment of academic research which aims to address the legal and policy issues around those changes. More and more issues, such as content moderation, intermediary liability, digital advertising, algorithmic discrimination, the accountability of AI systems are framed as regulatory dilemmas. As a result, legal research is both in growing demand, and has gained visibility, and significance. As the future rules of the information society are shaping up in the discussions led, or at least prominently shaped by information law research, the temptation to influence it also increases. Research institutions must acknowledge the shifting landscape and the growing stakes. Challenges at that scale require more than individual integrity: there is a need for institutional solutions that on the one hand can actively assess, and mitigate the potential harms in each individual case, and on the other hand, is able to actively shape the funding landscape, and the norms around funding. |
| Dreier, T., Derclaye E., Geiger, C., Griffiths, J., Hilty, R., Hugenholtz, P., Metzger, A., Riis, T., Rognstad, O.A., Senftleben, M., Strowel, A.M., Synodinou, T., Xalabarder, R. 2020. @article{Metzger2020, title = {Selected Aspects of Implementing Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market into National Law \textendash Comment of the European Copyright Society}, author = {Metzger, A. and Senftleben, M. and Derclaye E. and Dreier, T. and Geiger, C. and Griffiths, J. and Hilty, R. and Hugenholtz, P. and Riis, T. and Rognstad, O.A. and Strowel, A.M. and Synodinou, T. and Xalabarder, R.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3589323}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-07}, abstract = {The national implementation of Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSMD) poses particular challenges. Article 17 is one of the most complex \textendash and most controversial \textendash provisions of the new legislative package which EU Member States must transpose into national law by 7 June 2021. Seeking to contribute to the debate on implementation options, the European Copyright Society addresses several core aspects of Article 17 that may play an important role in the national implementation process. It deals with the concept of online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) before embarking on a discussion of the licensing and content moderation duties which OCSSPs must fulfil in accordance with Article 17(1) and (4). The analysis also focuses on the copyright limitations mentioned in Article 17(7) that support the creation and dissemination of transformative user-generated content (UGC). It also discusses the appropriate configuration of complaint and redress mechanisms set forth in Article 17(9) that seek to reduce the risk of unjustified content removals. Finally, the European Copyright Society addresses the possibility of implementing direct remuneration claims for authors and performers, and explores the private international law aspect of applicable law \textendash an impact factor that is often overlooked in the debate.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The national implementation of Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSMD) poses particular challenges. Article 17 is one of the most complex – and most controversial – provisions of the new legislative package which EU Member States must transpose into national law by 7 June 2021. Seeking to contribute to the debate on implementation options, the European Copyright Society addresses several core aspects of Article 17 that may play an important role in the national implementation process. It deals with the concept of online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) before embarking on a discussion of the licensing and content moderation duties which OCSSPs must fulfil in accordance with Article 17(1) and (4). The analysis also focuses on the copyright limitations mentioned in Article 17(7) that support the creation and dissemination of transformative user-generated content (UGC). It also discusses the appropriate configuration of complaint and redress mechanisms set forth in Article 17(9) that seek to reduce the risk of unjustified content removals. Finally, the European Copyright Society addresses the possibility of implementing direct remuneration claims for authors and performers, and explores the private international law aspect of applicable law – an impact factor that is often overlooked in the debate. |
| Helberger, N. 2020. @article{Helberger2020c, title = {Statement Prof. Dr. Natali Helberger bij Rondetafelgesprek over de Corona-app in de Tweede Kamer op 22 April 2020}, author = {Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Statement_Covid_App_Expertsronde_TK.pdf https://www.tweedekamer.nl/debat_en_vergadering/commissievergaderingen/details?id=2020A01700}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-22}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Carroll, M., Flynn, S., Geiger, C., Guibault, L., Margoni, T., Quintais, J., Sag, M. European Intellectual Property Review, 2020 (7), Forthcoming. @article{Flynn2020b, title = {Implementing User Rights for Research in the Field of Artificial Intelligence: A Call for International Action}, author = {Flynn, S. and Geiger, C. and Quintais, J. and Margoni, T. and Sag, M. and Guibault, L. and Carroll, M.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3578819}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-21}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {2020}, number = {7}, abstract = {Last year, before the onset of a global pandemic highlighted the critical and urgent need for technology-enabled scientific research, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) launched an inquiry into issues at the intersection of intellectual property (IP) and artificial intelligence (AI). We contributed comments to that inquiry, with a focus on the application of copyright to the use of text and data mining (TDM) technology. This article describes some of the most salient points of our submission and concludes by stressing the need for international leadership on this important topic. WIPO could help fill the current gap on international leadership, including by providing guidance on the diverse mechanisms that countries may use to authorize TDM research and serving as a forum for the adoption of rules permitting cross-border TDM projects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {forthcoming}, tppubtype = {article} } Last year, before the onset of a global pandemic highlighted the critical and urgent need for technology-enabled scientific research, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) launched an inquiry into issues at the intersection of intellectual property (IP) and artificial intelligence (AI). We contributed comments to that inquiry, with a focus on the application of copyright to the use of text and data mining (TDM) technology. This article describes some of the most salient points of our submission and concludes by stressing the need for international leadership on this important topic. WIPO could help fill the current gap on international leadership, including by providing guidance on the diverse mechanisms that countries may use to authorize TDM research and serving as a forum for the adoption of rules permitting cross-border TDM projects. |
| Flynn, S., Geiger, C., Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Flynn2020c, title = {Implementing User Rights for Research in the Field of Artificial Intelligence: A Call for Action at International Level}, author = {Flynn, S. and Geiger, C. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/04/21/implementing-user-rights-for-research-in-the-field-of-artificial-intelligence-a-call-for-action-at-international-level/ http://infojustice.org/archives/42260}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-21}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, abstract = {A version of this post was also published on the InfoJustice website: http://infojustice.org/archives/42260}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A version of this post was also published on the InfoJustice website: http://infojustice.org/archives/42260 |
| Senftleben, M. 2020, (Chapter in T. Mylly/J. Griffiths (eds.), The Transformation of Global Intellectual Property Protection, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2020, forthcoming.). @inbook{Senftleben2020b, title = {From Flexible Balancing Tool to Quasi-Constitutional Straitjacket - How the EU Cultivates the Constraining Function of the Three-Step Test}, author = {Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3576019}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-16}, abstract = {In the international intellectual property (IP) arena, the so-called “three-step test” regulates the room for the adoption of limitations and exceptions (L&Es) to exclusive rights across different fields of IP. Given the openness of the individual test criteria, it is tempting for proponents of strong IP protection to strive for the fixation of the meaning of the three-step test at the constraining end of the spectrum of possible interpretations. As the three-step test lies at the core of legislative initiatives to balance exclusive rights and user freedoms, the cultivation of the test’s constraining function and the suppression of the test’s enabling function has the potential to transform the three-step test into a bulwark against limitations of IP protection. The EU is at the forefront of a constraining use and interpretation of the three-step test in the field of copyright law. The configuration of the legal framework in the EU is worrisome because it obliges judges to apply the three-step test as an additional control instrument. It is not sufficient that an individual use falls within the scope of a statutory copyright limitation that explicitly permits this type of use without prior authorization. In addition, judges applying the three-step test also examine whether the specific form of use at issue complies with each individual criterion of the three-step test. Hence, the test serves as an instrument to further restrict L&Es that have already been defined precisely in statutory law. Not surprisingly, decisions from courts in the EU have a tendency of shedding light on the constraining aspect of the three-step test and, therefore, reinforcing the hegemony of copyright holders in the IP arena. The hypothesis underlying the following examination, therefore, is that the EU approach to the three-step test is one-sided in the sense that it only demonstrates the potential of the test to set additional limits to L&Es. The analysis focuses on this transformation of a flexible international balancing tool into a powerful confirmation and fortification of IP protection. For this purpose, the two facets of the international three-step test \textendash its enabling and constraining function \textendash are explored before embarking on a discussion of case law that evolved under the one-sided EU approach. Analyzing repercussions on international lawmaking, it will become apparent that the EU approach already impacted the further development of international L&Es. Certain features of the Marrakesh Treaty clearly reflect the restrictive EU approach.}, note = {Chapter in T. Mylly/J. Griffiths (eds.), The Transformation of Global Intellectual Property Protection, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2020, forthcoming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } In the international intellectual property (IP) arena, the so-called “three-step test” regulates the room for the adoption of limitations and exceptions (L&Es) to exclusive rights across different fields of IP. Given the openness of the individual test criteria, it is tempting for proponents of strong IP protection to strive for the fixation of the meaning of the three-step test at the constraining end of the spectrum of possible interpretations. As the three-step test lies at the core of legislative initiatives to balance exclusive rights and user freedoms, the cultivation of the test’s constraining function and the suppression of the test’s enabling function has the potential to transform the three-step test into a bulwark against limitations of IP protection. The EU is at the forefront of a constraining use and interpretation of the three-step test in the field of copyright law. The configuration of the legal framework in the EU is worrisome because it obliges judges to apply the three-step test as an additional control instrument. It is not sufficient that an individual use falls within the scope of a statutory copyright limitation that explicitly permits this type of use without prior authorization. In addition, judges applying the three-step test also examine whether the specific form of use at issue complies with each individual criterion of the three-step test. Hence, the test serves as an instrument to further restrict L&Es that have already been defined precisely in statutory law. Not surprisingly, decisions from courts in the EU have a tendency of shedding light on the constraining aspect of the three-step test and, therefore, reinforcing the hegemony of copyright holders in the IP arena. The hypothesis underlying the following examination, therefore, is that the EU approach to the three-step test is one-sided in the sense that it only demonstrates the potential of the test to set additional limits to L&Es. The analysis focuses on this transformation of a flexible international balancing tool into a powerful confirmation and fortification of IP protection. For this purpose, the two facets of the international three-step test – its enabling and constraining function – are explored before embarking on a discussion of case law that evolved under the one-sided EU approach. Analyzing repercussions on international lawmaking, it will become apparent that the EU approach already impacted the further development of international L&Es. Certain features of the Marrakesh Treaty clearly reflect the restrictive EU approach. |
| McGonagle, T. Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’ 2020. @article{McGonagle2020e, title = {Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CM-Rec20164-Infographic-version-9-April-2020.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-09}, abstract = {The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation. The infographic, which was first created in 2019, has been updated in April 2020 to mark the fourth anniversary of the adoption of Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 and the fifth anniversary of the launch of the Council of Europe Platform.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation. The infographic, which was first created in 2019, has been updated in April 2020 to mark the fourth anniversary of the adoption of Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 and the fifth anniversary of the launch of the Council of Europe Platform. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij HvJ EU 29 juli 2019 (Fashion ID) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (13/14), pp. 1659-1661, 2020, (nr. 97). @article{Dommering2020e, title = {Annotatie bij HvJ EU 29 juli 2019 (Fashion ID)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2020_97.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-07}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {13/14}, pages = {1659-1661}, note = {nr. 97}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij HvJ EU 1 oktober 2019 (Planet 49) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (13/14), pp. 1671-1673, 2020, (nr. 98). @article{Dommering2020f, title = {Annotatie bij HvJ EU 1 oktober 2019 (Planet 49)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2020_98.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-07}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {13/14}, pages = {1671-1673}, note = {nr. 98}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bernstein, A., Helberger, N., Schulz, W., Vreese, C.H. de, Zweig, K.A. Diversity, Fairness, and Data-Driven Personalization in (News) Recommender System Dagstuhl Reports, 9 (11), pp. 117-124, 2020, (Report from Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 19482). @article{Bernstein2020, title = {Diversity, Fairness, and Data-Driven Personalization in (News) Recommender System}, author = {Bernstein, A. and Vreese, C.H. de and Helberger, N. and Schulz, W. and Zweig, K.A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/dagrep_v009_i011_p117_19482.pdf}, doi = {10.4230/DagRep.9.11.117}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-02}, journal = {Dagstuhl Reports}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, pages = {117-124}, abstract = {As people increasingly rely on online media and recommender systems to consume information, engage in debates and form their political opinions, the design goals of online media and news recommenders have wide implications for the political and social processes that take place online and offline. Current recommender systems have been observed to promote personalization and more effective forms of informing, but also to narrow the user’s exposure to diverse content. Concerns about echo-chambers and filter bubbles highlight the importance of design metrics that can successfully strike a balance between accurate recommendations that respond to individual information needs and preferences, while at the same time addressing concerns about missing out important information, context and the broader cultural and political diversity in the news, as well as fairness. A broader, more sophisticated vision of the future of personalized recommenders needs to be formed\textendasha vision that can only be developed as the result of a collaborative effort by different areas of academic research (media studies, computer science, law and legal philosophy, communication science, political philosophy, and democratic theory). The proposed workshop will set first steps to develop such a much needed vision on the role of recommender systems on the democratic role of the media and define the guidelines as well as a manifesto for future research and long-term goals for the emerging topic of fairness, diversity, and personalization in recommender systems.}, note = {Report from Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop 19482}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As people increasingly rely on online media and recommender systems to consume information, engage in debates and form their political opinions, the design goals of online media and news recommenders have wide implications for the political and social processes that take place online and offline. Current recommender systems have been observed to promote personalization and more effective forms of informing, but also to narrow the user’s exposure to diverse content. Concerns about echo-chambers and filter bubbles highlight the importance of design metrics that can successfully strike a balance between accurate recommendations that respond to individual information needs and preferences, while at the same time addressing concerns about missing out important information, context and the broader cultural and political diversity in the news, as well as fairness. A broader, more sophisticated vision of the future of personalized recommenders needs to be formed–a vision that can only be developed as the result of a collaborative effort by different areas of academic research (media studies, computer science, law and legal philosophy, communication science, political philosophy, and democratic theory). The proposed workshop will set first steps to develop such a much needed vision on the role of recommender systems on the democratic role of the media and define the guidelines as well as a manifesto for future research and long-term goals for the emerging topic of fairness, diversity, and personalization in recommender systems. |
| Irion, K., Yakovleva, S. Pitching trade against privacy: reconciling EU governance of personal data flows with external trade International Data Privacy Law, 10 (3), pp. 201-221, 2020. @article{Irion2020bb, title = {Pitching trade against privacy: reconciling EU governance of personal data flows with external trade}, author = {Irion, K. and Yakovleva, S. }, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipaa003}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-01}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {201-221}, abstract = {This article positions EU’s external governance of personal data flows against the backdrop of the international controversy on digital trade versus strict privacy laws. Now that the EU has defined its position on horizontal provisions on cross-border data flows and personal data protection, it is both timely and essential to reassess its strategy on the international transfers of personal data in the purview of its future trade agreements. For its own normative approach and regulatory autonomy, the EU has a pivotal role to play in shaping the interface between trade and privacy before the ‘free trade leviathan’ can restrict the policy choices not only of individual states but also of the EU itself. Our contribution aims to break through the present compartmentalization of privacy scholarship and trade lawyers because it situates personal data flows in both disciplines.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article positions EU’s external governance of personal data flows against the backdrop of the international controversy on digital trade versus strict privacy laws. Now that the EU has defined its position on horizontal provisions on cross-border data flows and personal data protection, it is both timely and essential to reassess its strategy on the international transfers of personal data in the purview of its future trade agreements. For its own normative approach and regulatory autonomy, the EU has a pivotal role to play in shaping the interface between trade and privacy before the ‘free trade leviathan’ can restrict the policy choices not only of individual states but also of the EU itself. Our contribution aims to break through the present compartmentalization of privacy scholarship and trade lawyers because it situates personal data flows in both disciplines. |
| Poort, J., Power, L., Zimin, A., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Rien ne va plus: Reclame en onlinekansspelen SEW, (3), pp. 116-126, 2020. @article{Borgesius2020b, title = {Rien ne va plus: Reclame en onlinekansspelen}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Zimin, A. and Power, L. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/SEW_2020_3_auteursversie.pdf https://www-uitgeverijparis-nl.proxy.uba.uva.nl:2443/nl/reader/206589/1001465434}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-31}, journal = {SEW}, number = {3}, pages = {116-126}, abstract = {Binnenkort zijn onlinekansspelen toegestaan in Nederland. Na de opening van de markt is te verwachten dat aanbieders van onlinekansspelen intensief reclame gaan maken. Dit artikel bespreekt de juridische context van kansspelreclame, wat voor beperkingen aan reclame mogelijk zijn, en wat de verwachte effecten zijn op met name kansspelverslaving.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Binnenkort zijn onlinekansspelen toegestaan in Nederland. Na de opening van de markt is te verwachten dat aanbieders van onlinekansspelen intensief reclame gaan maken. Dit artikel bespreekt de juridische context van kansspelreclame, wat voor beperkingen aan reclame mogelijk zijn, en wat de verwachte effecten zijn op met name kansspelverslaving. |
| Helberger, N., Makhortykh, M., Poort, J. Four tales of sci-fi and information law Internet Policy Review, 9 (1), 2020, (Editorial). @article{Helberger2020b, title = {Four tales of sci-fi and information law}, author = {Helberger, N. and Poort, J. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/node/1457/pdf}, doi = {10.14763/2020.1.1457}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-30}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, abstract = {Feel like living in a dystopia? Take a deep breath, get a strong coffee, and let us challenge your ideas of where reality ends, and sci-fi begins…}, note = {Editorial}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Feel like living in a dystopia? Take a deep breath, get a strong coffee, and let us challenge your ideas of where reality ends, and sci-fi begins… |
| Bouchè, G. Belgian court asks CJEU whether seeding is communicating to the public Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Bouch\`{e}2020b, title = {Belgian court asks CJEU whether seeding is communicating to the public}, author = {Bouch\`{e}, G.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/03/30/belgian-court-asks-cjeu-whether-seeding-is-communicating-to-the-public/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-30}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Strengthening legal protection against discrimination by algorithms and artificial intelligence The International Journal of Human Rights, 2020. @article{Borgesius2020, title = {Strengthening legal protection against discrimination by algorithms and artificial intelligence}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://doi-org.proxy.uba.uva.nl:2443/10.1080/13642987.2020.1743976}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-29}, journal = {The International Journal of Human Rights}, abstract = {Algorithmic decision-making and other types of artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to predict who will commit crime, who will be a good employee, who will default on a loan, etc. However, algorithmic decision-making can also threaten human rights, such as the right to non-discrimination. The paper evaluates current legal protection in Europe against discriminatory algorithmic decisions. The paper shows that non-discrimination law, in particular through the concept of indirect discrimination, prohibits many types of algorithmic discrimination. Data protection law could also help to defend people against discrimination. Proper enforcement of non-discrimination law and data protection law could help to protect people. However, the paper shows that both legal instruments have severe weaknesses when applied to artificial intelligence. The paper suggests how enforcement of current rules can be improved. The paper also explores whether additional rules are needed. The paper argues for sector-specific \textendash rather than general \textendash rules, and outlines an approach to regulate algorithmic decision-making.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Algorithmic decision-making and other types of artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to predict who will commit crime, who will be a good employee, who will default on a loan, etc. However, algorithmic decision-making can also threaten human rights, such as the right to non-discrimination. The paper evaluates current legal protection in Europe against discriminatory algorithmic decisions. The paper shows that non-discrimination law, in particular through the concept of indirect discrimination, prohibits many types of algorithmic discrimination. Data protection law could also help to defend people against discrimination. Proper enforcement of non-discrimination law and data protection law could help to protect people. However, the paper shows that both legal instruments have severe weaknesses when applied to artificial intelligence. The paper suggests how enforcement of current rules can be improved. The paper also explores whether additional rules are needed. The paper argues for sector-specific – rather than general – rules, and outlines an approach to regulate algorithmic decision-making. |
| Stapel, S. Stichting Brein versus Safe Harbour: The Ongoing Battle Between Intermediaries and Right Holders Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Stapel2020b, title = {Stichting Brein versus Safe Harbour: The Ongoing Battle Between Intermediaries and Right Holders}, author = {Stapel, S.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/03/27/stichting-brein-versus-safe-harbour-the-ongoing-battle-between-intermediaries-and-right-holders/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-27}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Giannopoulou, A. Algorithmic systems: the consent is in the detail? Internet Policy Review, 9 (1), 2020. @article{Giannopoulou2020, title = {Algorithmic systems: the consent is in the detail?}, author = {Giannopoulou, A.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/node/1452/pdf}, doi = {10.14763/2020.1.1452}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-24}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, abstract = {Applications of algorithmically informed decisions are becoming entrenched in society, with data processing being their main process and ingredient. While these applications are progressively gaining momentum, established data protection and privacy rules have struggled to incorporate the particularities of data-intensive information societies. It is a truism to point out the resulting misalignment between algorithmic processing of personal data and the data protection regulatory frameworks that strive for meaningful control over personal data. However, the challenges to the (traditional) role and concept of consent are particularly manifest. This article examines the transformation of consent models in order to assess how the concept and the applied models of consent can be reconciled in order to correspond not only to the current regulatory landscapes but also to the exponential growth of algorithmic processing technologies. This particularly pressing area of safeguarding a basic aspect of individual control over personal data in the algorithmic era is interlinked with practical implementations of consent in the technology used and with adopted interpretations of the concept of consent, the scope of application of personal data, as well as the obligations enshrined in them. What makes consent effective as a data protection tool and how can we maintain its previous glory within the current technological challenges?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Applications of algorithmically informed decisions are becoming entrenched in society, with data processing being their main process and ingredient. While these applications are progressively gaining momentum, established data protection and privacy rules have struggled to incorporate the particularities of data-intensive information societies. It is a truism to point out the resulting misalignment between algorithmic processing of personal data and the data protection regulatory frameworks that strive for meaningful control over personal data. However, the challenges to the (traditional) role and concept of consent are particularly manifest. This article examines the transformation of consent models in order to assess how the concept and the applied models of consent can be reconciled in order to correspond not only to the current regulatory landscapes but also to the exponential growth of algorithmic processing technologies. This particularly pressing area of safeguarding a basic aspect of individual control over personal data in the algorithmic era is interlinked with practical implementations of consent in the technology used and with adopted interpretations of the concept of consent, the scope of application of personal data, as well as the obligations enshrined in them. What makes consent effective as a data protection tool and how can we maintain its previous glory within the current technological challenges? |
| Stapel, S. Preliminary ruling to the CJEU on geographical boundaries of UCD novelty assessment Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, 15 (4), pp. 240-241, 2020, (Current Intelligence). @article{Stapel2020, title = {Preliminary ruling to the CJEU on geographical boundaries of UCD novelty assessment}, author = {Stapel, S.}, url = {https://doi-org.proxy.uba.uva.nl:2443/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa032}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa032}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-24}, journal = {Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {240-241}, abstract = {Beverly Hills Teddy Bear Company v PMS International Group Plc [2019] EWHC 2419 (IPEC), High Court of England and Wales, 17 September 2019. The High Court of Justice of England and Wales has sought guidance from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) as regards whether the disclosure of a design outside the Community can still qualify for protection within the Community.}, note = {Current Intelligence}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Beverly Hills Teddy Bear Company v PMS International Group Plc [2019] EWHC 2419 (IPEC), High Court of England and Wales, 17 September 2019. The High Court of Justice of England and Wales has sought guidance from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) as regards whether the disclosure of a design outside the Community can still qualify for protection within the Community. |
| Eskens, S. JASIST, 71 (9), pp. 1116-1128, 2020. @article{Eskens2020, title = {The personal information sphere: An integral approach to privacy and related information and communication rights}, author = {Eskens, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/jasist_2020.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24354}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-20}, journal = {JASIST}, volume = {71}, number = {9}, pages = {1116-1128}, abstract = {Data protection laws, including the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, regulate aspects of online personalization. However, the data protection lens is too narrow to analyze personalization. To define conditions for personalization, we should understand data protection in its larger fundamental rights context, starting with the closely connected right to privacy. If the right to privacy is considered along with other European fundamental rights that protect information and communication flows, namely, communications confidentiality; the right to receive information; and freedom of expression, opinion, and thought, these rights are observed to enable what I call a “personal information sphere” for each person. This notion highlights how privacy interferences affect other fundamental rights. The personal information sphere is grounded in European case law and is thus not just an academic affair. The essence of the personal information sphere is control, yet with a different meaning than mere control as guaranteed by data protection law. The personal information sphere is about people controlling how they situate themselves in information and communication networks. It follows that, to respect privacy and related rights, online personalization providers should actively involve users in the personalization process and enable them to use personalization for personal goals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Data protection laws, including the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, regulate aspects of online personalization. However, the data protection lens is too narrow to analyze personalization. To define conditions for personalization, we should understand data protection in its larger fundamental rights context, starting with the closely connected right to privacy. If the right to privacy is considered along with other European fundamental rights that protect information and communication flows, namely, communications confidentiality; the right to receive information; and freedom of expression, opinion, and thought, these rights are observed to enable what I call a “personal information sphere” for each person. This notion highlights how privacy interferences affect other fundamental rights. The personal information sphere is grounded in European case law and is thus not just an academic affair. The essence of the personal information sphere is control, yet with a different meaning than mere control as guaranteed by data protection law. The personal information sphere is about people controlling how they situate themselves in information and communication networks. It follows that, to respect privacy and related rights, online personalization providers should actively involve users in the personalization process and enable them to use personalization for personal goals. |
| McGonagle, T. Much ado about judges: perspectieven van het EHRM Mediaforum, (1), pp. 2-6, 2020. @article{McGonagle2020d, title = {Much ado about judges: perspectieven van het EHRM}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2020_1.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-13}, journal = {Mediaforum}, number = {1}, pages = {2-6}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Korthals Altes, W. Rechter en uitingsvrijheid – een actueel thema Mediaforum, (1), pp. 1, 2020, (Opinie). @article{Altes2020, title = {Rechter en uitingsvrijheid \textendash een actueel thema}, author = {Korthals Altes, W.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Mediaforum_2020_1-1.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-13}, journal = {Mediaforum}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Janssen, H. An approach to a fundamental rights impact assessment to automated decision-making International Data Privacy Law, 10 (1), pp. 76-106, 2020. @article{Janssen2020, title = {An approach to a fundamental rights impact assessment to automated decision-making}, author = {Janssen, H.}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipz028}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-06}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {76-106}, abstract = {Companies and other private institutions see great and promising profits in the use of automated decision-making (‘ADM’) for commercial-, financial- or efficiency in work processing purposes. Meanwhile, ADM based on a data subjects’ personal data may (severely) impact its fundamental rights and freedoms. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides for a regulatory framework that applies whenever a controller considers and deploys ADM onto individuals on the basis of their personal data. In the design stage of the intended ADM, article 35 (3)(a) obliges a controller to apply a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), part of which is an assessment of ADM’s impact on individual rights and freedoms. Article 22 GDPR determines under what conditions ADM is allowed and endows data subjects with increased protection. Research among companies of various sizes has shown that there is (legal) insecurity about the interpretation of the GDPR (including the provisions relevant to ADM). The first objective of the author is to detect ways forward by offering practical handles to execute a DPIA that includes a slidable assessment of impacts on data subjects’ fundamental rights. This assessment is based on four benchmarks that should help to assess the gravity of potential impacts, i.e. i) to determine the impact on the fundamental right(s) at stake, ii) to establish the context in which the ADM is used, iii) the establishment of who is beneficiary of the use of personal data in the ADM and iv) the establishment who is in control over the data flows in the ADM. From the benchmarks an overall fundamental rights impact assessment about ADM should arise. A second objective is to indicate potential factors and measures that a controller should consider in its risk management after the assessment. The proposed approach should help fostering fair, compliant and trustworthy ADM and contains directions for future research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Companies and other private institutions see great and promising profits in the use of automated decision-making (‘ADM’) for commercial-, financial- or efficiency in work processing purposes. Meanwhile, ADM based on a data subjects’ personal data may (severely) impact its fundamental rights and freedoms. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides for a regulatory framework that applies whenever a controller considers and deploys ADM onto individuals on the basis of their personal data. In the design stage of the intended ADM, article 35 (3)(a) obliges a controller to apply a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), part of which is an assessment of ADM’s impact on individual rights and freedoms. Article 22 GDPR determines under what conditions ADM is allowed and endows data subjects with increased protection. Research among companies of various sizes has shown that there is (legal) insecurity about the interpretation of the GDPR (including the provisions relevant to ADM). The first objective of the author is to detect ways forward by offering practical handles to execute a DPIA that includes a slidable assessment of impacts on data subjects’ fundamental rights. This assessment is based on four benchmarks that should help to assess the gravity of potential impacts, i.e. i) to determine the impact on the fundamental right(s) at stake, ii) to establish the context in which the ADM is used, iii) the establishment of who is beneficiary of the use of personal data in the ADM and iv) the establishment who is in control over the data flows in the ADM. From the benchmarks an overall fundamental rights impact assessment about ADM should arise. A second objective is to indicate potential factors and measures that a controller should consider in its risk management after the assessment. The proposed approach should help fostering fair, compliant and trustworthy ADM and contains directions for future research. |
| Bastian, M., Drunen, M. van, Eskens, S., Helberger, N., Möller, J. Implications of AI-driven tools in the media for freedom of expression 2020, (Council of Europe, September 2019). @techreport{Helberger2020, title = {Implications of AI-driven tools in the media for freedom of expression}, author = {Helberger, N. and Eskens, S. and Drunen, M. van and Bastian, M. and M\"{o}ller, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AI-and-Freedom-of-Expression.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-05}, publisher = {Council of Europe, September 2019}, abstract = {Background Paper to the Ministerial Conference "Artificial Intelligence - Intelligent Politics: Challenges and opportunities for media and democracy, Cyprus, 28-29 May 2020."}, note = {Council of Europe, September 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Background Paper to the Ministerial Conference "Artificial Intelligence - Intelligent Politics: Challenges and opportunities for media and democracy, Cyprus, 28-29 May 2020." |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 5 november 2019 en Hoge Raad 3 december 2019 Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (10), pp. 1368-1369, 2020. @article{Dommering2020d, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 5 november 2019 en Hoge Raad 3 december 2019}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_20120_72.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-03}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {10}, pages = {1368-1369}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Yakovleva, S. Privacy Protection(ism): The Latest Wave of Trade Constraints on Regulatory Autonomy University of Miami Law Review, 74 (2), pp. 416-519, 2020. @article{Yakovleva2020, title = {Privacy Protection(ism): The Latest Wave of Trade Constraints on Regulatory Autonomy}, author = {Yakovleva, S.}, url = {https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr/vol74/iss2/5/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-27}, journal = {University of Miami Law Review}, volume = {74}, number = {2}, pages = {416-519}, abstract = {Countries spend billions of dollars each year to strengthen their discursive power to shape international policy debates. They do so because in public policy conversations labels and narratives matter enormously. The “digital protectionism” label has been used in the last decade as a tool to gain the policy upper hand in digital trade policy debates about cross-border flows of personal and other data. Using the Foucauldian framework of discourse analysis, this Article brings a unique perspective on this topic. The Article makes two central arguments. First, the Article argues that the term “protectionism” is not endowed with an inherent meaning but is socially constructed by the power of discourse used in international negotiations, and in the interpretation and application of international trade policy and rules. In other words, there are as many definitions of “(digital) protectionism” as there are discourses. The U.S. and E.U. “digital trade” discourses illustrate this point. Using the same term, those trading partners advance utterly different discourses and agendas: an economic discourse with economic efficiency as the main benchmark (United States), and a more multidisciplinary discourse where both economic efficiency and protection of fundamental rights are equally important (European Union). Second, based on a detailed evaluation of the economic “digital trade” discourse, the Article contends that the coining of the term “digital protectionism” to refer to domestic information governance policies not yet fully covered by trade law disciplines is not a logical step to respond to objectively changing circumstances, but rather a product of that discourse, which is coming to dominate U.S.-led international trade negotiations. The Article demonstrates how this redefinition of “protectionism” has already resulted in the adoption of international trade rules in recent trade agreements further restricting domestic autonomy to protect the rights to privacy and the protection of personal data. The Article suggests that the distinction between privacy and personal data protection and protectionism is a moral question, not a question of economic efficiency. Therefore, when a policy conversation, such as the one on cross-border data flows, involves noneconomic spill-over effects to individual rights, such conversation should not be confined within the straightjacket of trade economics, but rather placed in a broader normative perspective. Finally, the Article argues that, in conducting recently restarted multilateral negotiations on electronic commerce at the World Trade Organization, countries should rethink the goals of international trade for the twenty-first century. Such goals should determine and define the discourse, not the other way around. The discussion should not be about what “protectionism” means but about how far domestic regimes are willing to let trade rules interfere in their autonomy to protect their societal, cultural, and political values.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Countries spend billions of dollars each year to strengthen their discursive power to shape international policy debates. They do so because in public policy conversations labels and narratives matter enormously. The “digital protectionism” label has been used in the last decade as a tool to gain the policy upper hand in digital trade policy debates about cross-border flows of personal and other data. Using the Foucauldian framework of discourse analysis, this Article brings a unique perspective on this topic. The Article makes two central arguments. First, the Article argues that the term “protectionism” is not endowed with an inherent meaning but is socially constructed by the power of discourse used in international negotiations, and in the interpretation and application of international trade policy and rules. In other words, there are as many definitions of “(digital) protectionism” as there are discourses. The U.S. and E.U. “digital trade” discourses illustrate this point. Using the same term, those trading partners advance utterly different discourses and agendas: an economic discourse with economic efficiency as the main benchmark (United States), and a more multidisciplinary discourse where both economic efficiency and protection of fundamental rights are equally important (European Union). Second, based on a detailed evaluation of the economic “digital trade” discourse, the Article contends that the coining of the term “digital protectionism” to refer to domestic information governance policies not yet fully covered by trade law disciplines is not a logical step to respond to objectively changing circumstances, but rather a product of that discourse, which is coming to dominate U.S.-led international trade negotiations. The Article demonstrates how this redefinition of “protectionism” has already resulted in the adoption of international trade rules in recent trade agreements further restricting domestic autonomy to protect the rights to privacy and the protection of personal data. The Article suggests that the distinction between privacy and personal data protection and protectionism is a moral question, not a question of economic efficiency. Therefore, when a policy conversation, such as the one on cross-border data flows, involves noneconomic spill-over effects to individual rights, such conversation should not be confined within the straightjacket of trade economics, but rather placed in a broader normative perspective. Finally, the Article argues that, in conducting recently restarted multilateral negotiations on electronic commerce at the World Trade Organization, countries should rethink the goals of international trade for the twenty-first century. Such goals should determine and define the discourse, not the other way around. The discussion should not be about what “protectionism” means but about how far domestic regimes are willing to let trade rules interfere in their autonomy to protect their societal, cultural, and political values. |
| Behrens, C., Brouwer, E., van Eechoud, M., Witteman, J. Toegang tot data uit apparaten: Praktijk, marktfalen en publieke belangen 2020, ISBN: 9789067339742, (SEO-rapport nr. 2019-29). @techreport{Witteman2020, title = {Toegang tot data uit apparaten: Praktijk, marktfalen en publieke belangen}, author = {Witteman, J. and van Eechoud, M. and Behrens, C. and Brouwer, E.}, isbn = {9789067339742}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-27}, abstract = {This research is commissioned by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate. In collaboration with IVIR, SEO Economic Research investigated practices of data sharing in business-to-business data sharing, and the legal instruments used. The project focusses in sectors where devices (sensors, machines, devices) generate data that has added value when shared. The central question is whether there are market failures that prevent datasharing, and which (non-economic) public interests play a role in this. From an economic perspective, market failure results in non-optimal outcomes. Non-economic public interests relate to social values such as sustainability or justice.}, note = {SEO-rapport nr. 2019-29}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This research is commissioned by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate. In collaboration with IVIR, SEO Economic Research investigated practices of data sharing in business-to-business data sharing, and the legal instruments used. The project focusses in sectors where devices (sensors, machines, devices) generate data that has added value when shared. The central question is whether there are market failures that prevent datasharing, and which (non-economic) public interests play a role in this. From an economic perspective, market failure results in non-optimal outcomes. Non-economic public interests relate to social values such as sustainability or justice. |
| Bogataj Jancic, M., Botero, C., Butler, B., Carroll, M., Craig, C., Flynn, S., Geiger, C., Guibault, L., Jaszi, P., Margoni, T., Ncube, C., Quintais, J., Rocha de Souza, A., Sag, M., Scaria, A.G., White, B. Joint Comment to WIPO on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence 2020. @article{Flynn2020, title = {Joint Comment to WIPO on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence}, author = {Flynn, S. and Carroll, M. and Sag, M. and Guibault, L. and Margoni, T. and Butler, B. and Rocha de Souza, A. and Bogataj Jancic, M. and Jaszi, P. and Quintais, J. and Geiger, C. and Ncube, C. and White, B. and Scaria, A.G. and Botero, C. and Craig, C.}, url = {http://infojustice.org/archives/42009}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-25}, abstract = {On December 13, 2019, WIPO invited member states and all other interested parties to provide comments and suggestions to help define the issues related to intellectual property (IP) and artificial intelligence (AI) based on a Draft Issues Paper on IP Policy and AI. These comments will be used to prepare a revised issues paper for discussion at the second session of the WIPO Conversation on IP and AI. This Joint Comment is made in response to WIPO’s Public Consultation on AI and IP Policy and is endorsed by 16 members of the Global Expert Network on Copyright User Rights. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On December 13, 2019, WIPO invited member states and all other interested parties to provide comments and suggestions to help define the issues related to intellectual property (IP) and artificial intelligence (AI) based on a Draft Issues Paper on IP Policy and AI. These comments will be used to prepare a revised issues paper for discussion at the second session of the WIPO Conversation on IP and AI. This Joint Comment is made in response to WIPO’s Public Consultation on AI and IP Policy and is endorsed by 16 members of the Global Expert Network on Copyright User Rights. |
| Frosio, G., Hugenholtz, P., Husovec, M., Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J., Senftleben, M., van Gompel, S. JIPITEC, vol. 10 (nr. 3 - 2019), 2020. @article{Quintais2020b, title = {Safeguarding User Freedoms in Implementing Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: Recommendations from European Academics}, author = {Quintais, J. and Frosio, G. and van Gompel, S. and Hugenholtz, P. and Husovec, M. and J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-10-3-2019/5042}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-25}, journal = {JIPITEC}, volume = {vol. 10}, number = {nr. 3 - 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bouchè, G. BGH: uploading a free-trial version of Microsoft Office is also making available to the public Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Bouch\`{e}2020, title = {BGH: uploading a free-trial version of Microsoft Office is also making available to the public}, author = {Bouch\`{e}, G.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/02/20/bgh-uploading-a-free-trial-version-of-microsoft-office-is-also-making-available-to-the-public/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-25}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. AMI, (1), pp. 1-2, 2020. @article{Hugenholtz2020b, title = {In Memoriam Jan Kabel}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2020_1.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-20}, journal = {AMI}, number = {1}, pages = {1-2}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. AMI, (1), pp. 3-10, 2020. @article{vanGompel2020, title = {Artikelen 8 tot en met 11 DSM-richtlijn: Niet of niet meer in de handel zijnde werken en andere materialen}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2020_1_VanGompel.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-20}, journal = {AMI}, number = {1}, pages = {3-10}, abstract = {In Hoofdstuk 1 van Titel III van de DSM-richtlijn, die maatregelen voorschrijft om de licentieverlening te verbeteren en een ruimere toegang tot content te verzekeren, wordt een regeling ge\"{i}ntroduceerd voor het gebruik door cultureel erfgoedinstellingen van werken en andere materialen die niet of niet meer in de handel zijn, kortgezegd: van out-of-commerce werken (hierna: OOC-werken). In dit artikel wordt eerst de achtergrond van deze regeling geschetst. Daarna wordt ingegaan op de definitie van OOC-werken, de juridische instrumenten die worden ingezet om het gebruik van OOC-werken toe te staan (een licentiemechanisme plus terugvalbeperking), de grensoverschrijdende werking ervan, en de publiciteitsmaatregelen die de richtlijn voorschrijft. Het artikel sluit af met een conclusie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In Hoofdstuk 1 van Titel III van de DSM-richtlijn, die maatregelen voorschrijft om de licentieverlening te verbeteren en een ruimere toegang tot content te verzekeren, wordt een regeling geïntroduceerd voor het gebruik door cultureel erfgoedinstellingen van werken en andere materialen die niet of niet meer in de handel zijn, kortgezegd: van out-of-commerce werken (hierna: OOC-werken). In dit artikel wordt eerst de achtergrond van deze regeling geschetst. Daarna wordt ingegaan op de definitie van OOC-werken, de juridische instrumenten die worden ingezet om het gebruik van OOC-werken toe te staan (een licentiemechanisme plus terugvalbeperking), de grensoverschrijdende werking ervan, en de publiciteitsmaatregelen die de richtlijn voorschrijft. Het artikel sluit af met een conclusie. |
| McGonagle, T. The Council of Europe and Internet Intermediaries: A Case Study of Tentative Posturing Chapter in: Human Rights in the Age of Platforms, ed. R.F. Jørgensen, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2019., pp. 227-253, 2020, ISBN: 9780262039055. @inbook{McGonagle2020b, title = {The Council of Europe and Internet Intermediaries: A Case Study of Tentative Posturing}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CoE_and_internet_intermediaries.pdf https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/human-rights-age-platforms}, isbn = {9780262039055}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-07}, booktitle = {Chapter in: Human Rights in the Age of Platforms, ed. R.F. J\orgensen, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2019.}, pages = {227-253}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| van Hoboken, J. Chapter in: Human Rights in the Age of Platforms, ed. R.F. Jørgensen, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2019., pp. 255-284, 2020, ISBN: 9780262039055. @inbook{vanHoboken2020, title = {The Privacy Disconnect}, author = {van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/human-rights-age-platforms https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/privacy_disconnect.pdf}, isbn = {9780262039055}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-07}, booktitle = {Chapter in: Human Rights in the Age of Platforms, ed. R.F. J\orgensen, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2019.}, pages = {255-284}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Ducato, R., Hegladóttir, A., Mazgal, A., Quintais, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. 06.02.2020. @misc{Quintais2020, title = {Panel discussion at CPDP 2020: We need to talk about filters: algorithmic copyright enforcement vs data protection. }, author = {Quintais, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Mazgal, A. and Ducato, R. and Heglad\'{o}ttir, A. }, url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SstHA1ALZoI}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-06}, abstract = {The new Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSM) Directive was published in May 2019. Its most controversial provision is Article 17 (ex 13), which creates a new liability regime for user-generated content platforms, like YouTube and Facebook. The new regime makes these platforms directly liable for their users’ uploads, without the possibility of benefiting from the hosting safe-harbour. This forces platforms to either license all or most of the content uploaded by users (which is near impossible) or to adopt preventive measures like filters. The likely outcome is that covered platforms will engage in general monitoring of the content uploaded by their users. This panel will discuss the issues raised by Article 17 DSM Directive and the model of algorithmic enforcement it incentivizes, with a focus on the freedom of expression and data protection risks it entails. • Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive creates a new liability regime for user-generated content platforms. • Does this provision introduce de facto the controversial upload filtering systems and, as a result, general monitoring of information in content-sharing platforms? • Is Article 17 essentially in conflict with the GDPR and, in particular, the principle of minimisation and the right not to be subject to automated decision-making processes? What are the potential consequences of this provision on users’ freedom of expression? • If Article 17 can negatively affect data protection and freedom of expression what are the possible legal and extra-legal responses to neutralise the risk? }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {presentation} } The new Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSM) Directive was published in May 2019. Its most controversial provision is Article 17 (ex 13), which creates a new liability regime for user-generated content platforms, like YouTube and Facebook. The new regime makes these platforms directly liable for their users’ uploads, without the possibility of benefiting from the hosting safe-harbour. This forces platforms to either license all or most of the content uploaded by users (which is near impossible) or to adopt preventive measures like filters. The likely outcome is that covered platforms will engage in general monitoring of the content uploaded by their users. This panel will discuss the issues raised by Article 17 DSM Directive and the model of algorithmic enforcement it incentivizes, with a focus on the freedom of expression and data protection risks it entails. • Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive creates a new liability regime for user-generated content platforms. • Does this provision introduce de facto the controversial upload filtering systems and, as a result, general monitoring of information in content-sharing platforms? • Is Article 17 essentially in conflict with the GDPR and, in particular, the principle of minimisation and the right not to be subject to automated decision-making processes? What are the potential consequences of this provision on users’ freedom of expression? • If Article 17 can negatively affect data protection and freedom of expression what are the possible legal and extra-legal responses to neutralise the risk? |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 3 oktober 2019 (Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek) European Human Rights Cases Updates, 2020. @article{McGonagle2020c, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie van de EU 3 oktober 2019 (Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ehrc-updates.nl/commentaar/209146}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-04}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases Updates}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. European Human Rights Cases, 2020. @article{McGonagle2020, title = {Szurovecz t. Hongarije (EHRM, nr. 15428/16) - Court underscores importance of direct news-gathering by journalists}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ehrc-updates.nl/commentaar/207250 https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2020_15428_16.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-31}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P., Poort, J. Film Financing in the Digital Single Market: Challenges to Territoriality IIC, 51 (2), pp. 167-186, 2020. @article{Hugenholtz2020, title = {Film Financing in the Digital Single Market: Challenges to Territoriality}, author = {Hugenholtz, P. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40319-019-00900-2.pdf}, doi = {10.1007/s40319-019-00900-2}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-30}, journal = {IIC}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {167-186}, abstract = {This article discusses the role of territorial licences for feature films against the background of judicial and market developments in the EU. Currently, territorial licences are deemed a cornerstone of the exploitation and financing of films in Europe. However, current models of film financing are under increasing pressure both from market developments such as the turbulent growth of global online video platforms, and from developments in EU law aimed at removing national territorial barriers to the Single Market. Examples are the rule of Union-wide exhaustion of the distribution right, the EU Portability Regulation and the country of origin rules for satellite broadcasting and online simulcasting. EU competition law sets additional limits to grants of territorial exclusivity, and prohibits clauses in broadcasting and pay television licences that prevent or restrict “passive” sales to consumers/viewers in non-licensed territories. The freedom of right holders to preserve territorial exclusivity by way of contract is likely to become increasingly vulnerable to EU competition law, as underlying territorial rights no longer support territorial grants. For the film sector where territorial exclusivity remains indispensable, the European Commission could create specific competition law rules in the form of “block exemptions”. Language exclusivity \textendash i.e. exclusive grants of rights for distinct language versions of a film \textendash could provide a practical and legally more robust alternative to territorial licensing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article discusses the role of territorial licences for feature films against the background of judicial and market developments in the EU. Currently, territorial licences are deemed a cornerstone of the exploitation and financing of films in Europe. However, current models of film financing are under increasing pressure both from market developments such as the turbulent growth of global online video platforms, and from developments in EU law aimed at removing national territorial barriers to the Single Market. Examples are the rule of Union-wide exhaustion of the distribution right, the EU Portability Regulation and the country of origin rules for satellite broadcasting and online simulcasting. EU competition law sets additional limits to grants of territorial exclusivity, and prohibits clauses in broadcasting and pay television licences that prevent or restrict “passive” sales to consumers/viewers in non-licensed territories. The freedom of right holders to preserve territorial exclusivity by way of contract is likely to become increasingly vulnerable to EU competition law, as underlying territorial rights no longer support territorial grants. For the film sector where territorial exclusivity remains indispensable, the European Commission could create specific competition law rules in the form of “block exemptions”. Language exclusivity – i.e. exclusive grants of rights for distinct language versions of a film – could provide a practical and legally more robust alternative to territorial licensing. |
| Dommering, E. De 'Affaire Ruf': Crisis in het Stedelijk Museum Brave New Books, 2020, ISBN: 9789402133592. @book{Dommering2020c, title = {De 'Affaire Ruf': Crisis in het Stedelijk Museum}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/affaire_ruf.pdf}, isbn = {9789402133592}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-30}, publisher = {Brave New Books}, abstract = {In oktober 2017 werd het Stedelijk Museum getroffen door een bestuurlijke crisis. De directrice Beatrix Ruf werd door NRC Handelsblad beschuldigd van belangenverstrengeling omdat zij verzamelaars zou hebben bevoordeeld en zelf tijdens haar directeurschap ongeoorloofde neveninkomsten zou hebben genoten. Onder druk van deze publiciteit verlangde de Raad van Bestuur van het Museum haar aftreden en trad zij terug. Later onderzoek door een onafhankelijke commissie wees uit dat deze beschuldigingen niet terecht waren. Toen kwam aan het licht dat de Ondernemingsraad van het Museum haar al voor deze beschuldigingen dwarsboomde en haar niet terug wilde. Dit boek laat zien dat deze crisis voortkwam uit structurele oorzaken. Het traceert de geschiedenis van de verzelfstandiging van dit museum, de kostbare renovatie en de organisatorische structuur van ‘zelfstandige’ musea in het algemeen en het Stedelijk in het bijzonder. Het laat zien dat er veel fout zat en zit. Tegen deze achtergrond reconstrueert het nauwkeurig het verloop van de ‘affaire Ruf’. De conclusie is dat er teveel zaken zijn die in de doofpot dreigen te verdwijnen.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } In oktober 2017 werd het Stedelijk Museum getroffen door een bestuurlijke crisis. De directrice Beatrix Ruf werd door NRC Handelsblad beschuldigd van belangenverstrengeling omdat zij verzamelaars zou hebben bevoordeeld en zelf tijdens haar directeurschap ongeoorloofde neveninkomsten zou hebben genoten. Onder druk van deze publiciteit verlangde de Raad van Bestuur van het Museum haar aftreden en trad zij terug. Later onderzoek door een onafhankelijke commissie wees uit dat deze beschuldigingen niet terecht waren. Toen kwam aan het licht dat de Ondernemingsraad van het Museum haar al voor deze beschuldigingen dwarsboomde en haar niet terug wilde. Dit boek laat zien dat deze crisis voortkwam uit structurele oorzaken. Het traceert de geschiedenis van de verzelfstandiging van dit museum, de kostbare renovatie en de organisatorische structuur van ‘zelfstandige’ musea in het algemeen en het Stedelijk in het bijzonder. Het laat zien dat er veel fout zat en zit. Tegen deze achtergrond reconstrueert het nauwkeurig het verloop van de ‘affaire Ruf’. De conclusie is dat er teveel zaken zijn die in de doofpot dreigen te verdwijnen. |
| Hins, A. Annotatie bij EHRM 12 november 2019 (Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft e.a. Zwitserland) European Human Rights Cases - Updates, 2020. @article{Hins2020, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 12 november 2019 (Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft e.a. \ Zwitserland)}, author = {Hins, A.}, url = {https://www.ehrc-updates.nl/commentaar/207262}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-29}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases - Updates}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Journalist and editor’s conviction for incitement to religious hatred violated Article 10 2020. @online{Fahy2020, title = {Journalist and editor’s conviction for incitement to religious hatred violated Article 10}, author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {http://www.mediareport.nl/persrecht/21012020/journalist-and-editors-conviction-for-incitement-to-religious-hatred-violated-article-10/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-23}, journal = {Media Report}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } |
| Irion, K., Williams, J. Prospective Policy Study on Artificial Intelligence and EU Trade Policy 2020. @techreport{Irion2020b, title = {Prospective Policy Study on Artificial Intelligence and EU Trade Policy}, author = {Irion, K. and Williams, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/ivir_policy-paper_ai-study_online/ https://www.ivir.nl/ivir_artificial-intelligence-and-eu-trade-policy-2/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-21}, abstract = {Artificial intelligence is poised to be 21st century’s most transformative general purpose technology that mankind ever availed itself of. Artificial intelligence is a catch-all for technologies that can carry out complex processes fairly independently by learning from data. In the form of popular digital services and products, applied artificial intelligence is seeping into our daily lives, for example, as personal digital assistants or as autopiloting of self-driving cars. This is just the beginning of a development over the course of which artificial intelligence will generate transformative products and services that will alter world trade patterns. Artificial intelligence holds enormous promise for our information civilization if we get the governance of artificial intelligence right. What makes artificial intelligence even more fascinating is that the technology can be deployed fairly location-independent. Cross-border trade in digital services which incorporate applied artificial intelligence into their software architecture is ever increasing. That brings artificial intelligence within the purview of international trade law, such as the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and ongoing negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) on trade related aspects of electronic commerce. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs commissioned this study to generate knowledge about the interface between international trade law and European norms and values in the use of artificial intelligence.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Artificial intelligence is poised to be 21st century’s most transformative general purpose technology that mankind ever availed itself of. Artificial intelligence is a catch-all for technologies that can carry out complex processes fairly independently by learning from data. In the form of popular digital services and products, applied artificial intelligence is seeping into our daily lives, for example, as personal digital assistants or as autopiloting of self-driving cars. This is just the beginning of a development over the course of which artificial intelligence will generate transformative products and services that will alter world trade patterns. Artificial intelligence holds enormous promise for our information civilization if we get the governance of artificial intelligence right. What makes artificial intelligence even more fascinating is that the technology can be deployed fairly location-independent. Cross-border trade in digital services which incorporate applied artificial intelligence into their software architecture is ever increasing. That brings artificial intelligence within the purview of international trade law, such as the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and ongoing negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) on trade related aspects of electronic commerce. The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs commissioned this study to generate knowledge about the interface between international trade law and European norms and values in the use of artificial intelligence. |
| Dobber, T., Fahy, R., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. The regulation of online political micro-targeting in Europe Internet Policy Review, 8 (4), 2020. @article{Dobber2020, title = {The regulation of online political micro-targeting in Europe}, author = {Dobber, T. and Fahy, R. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/regulation-online-political-micro-targeting-europe}, doi = {10.14763/2019.4.1440}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-16}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, abstract = {In this paper, we examine how online political micro-targeting is regulated in Europe. While there are no specific rules on such micro-targeting, there are general rules that apply. We focus on three fields of law: data protection law, freedom of expression, and sector-specific rules for political advertising; for the latter we examine four countries. We argue that the rules in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) are necessary, but not sufficient. We show that political advertising, including online political micro-targeting, is protected by the right to freedom of expression. That right is not absolute, however. From a European human rights perspective, it is possible for lawmakers to limit the possibilities for political advertising. Indeed, some countries ban TV advertising for political parties during elections.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, we examine how online political micro-targeting is regulated in Europe. While there are no specific rules on such micro-targeting, there are general rules that apply. We focus on three fields of law: data protection law, freedom of expression, and sector-specific rules for political advertising; for the latter we examine four countries. We argue that the rules in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) are necessary, but not sufficient. We show that political advertising, including online political micro-targeting, is protected by the right to freedom of expression. That right is not absolute, however. From a European human rights perspective, it is possible for lawmakers to limit the possibilities for political advertising. Indeed, some countries ban TV advertising for political parties during elections. |
| Keller, P. Article 17 stakeholder dialogue: What we have learned so far - Part 1 Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Keller2020, title = {Article 17 stakeholder dialogue: What we have learned so far - Part 1}, author = {Keller, P.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/01/13/article-17-stakeholder-dialogue-what-we-have-learned-so-far-part-1/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-16}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Keller, P. Article 17 stakeholder dialogue: What we have learned so far - Part 2 Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2020. @article{Keller2020b, title = {Article 17 stakeholder dialogue: What we have learned so far - Part 2}, author = {Keller, P.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2020/01/14/article-17-stakeholder-dialogue-what-we-have-learned-so-far-part-2/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-16}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. ‘Stedelijk Museum verkeert al sinds 2003 in crisis’ Het Parool, 2020, (Opinie). @article{Dommering2020b, title = {‘Stedelijk Museum verkeert al sinds 2003 in crisis’}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.parool.nl/columns-opinie/stedelijk-museum-verkeert-al-sinds-2003-in-crisis~b2e2302c/}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-11}, journal = {Het Parool}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Irion, K., Yakovleva, S. Toward Compatibility of the EU Trade Policy with the General Data Protection Regulation AJIL Unbound, 114 , pp. 10-14, 2020. @article{https://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2019.81, title = {Toward Compatibility of the EU Trade Policy with the General Data Protection Regulation}, author = {Yakovleva, S. and Irion, K.}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/toward-compatibility-of-the-eu-trade-policy-with-the-general-data-protection-regulation/04D5070244733CAEFDAA14C533BAFF7E/share/b44381ff85510e8580104599385baab8c1e3179e}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2019.81}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-09}, journal = {AJIL Unbound}, volume = {114}, pages = {10-14}, abstract = {The European Union’s (EU) negotiating position on cross-border data flows, which the EU has recently included in its proposal for the World Trade Organization (WTO) talks on e-commerce, not only enshrines the protection of privacy and personal data as fundamental rights, but also creates a broad exception for a Member’s restrictions on cross-border transfers of personal data. This essay argues that maintaining such a strong position in trade negotiations is essential for the EU to preserve the internal compatibility of its legal system when it comes to the right to protection of personal data under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the recently adopted General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The European Union’s (EU) negotiating position on cross-border data flows, which the EU has recently included in its proposal for the World Trade Organization (WTO) talks on e-commerce, not only enshrines the protection of privacy and personal data as fundamental rights, but also creates a broad exception for a Member’s restrictions on cross-border transfers of personal data. This essay argues that maintaining such a strong position in trade negotiations is essential for the EU to preserve the internal compatibility of its legal system when it comes to the right to protection of personal data under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the recently adopted General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). |
| Quintais, J. The New Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: A Critical Look European Intellectual Property Review, 42 (1), pp. 28-41, 2020. @article{Quintais2019e, title = {The New Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: A Critical Look}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3424770}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-07}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {28-41}, abstract = {This article provides an overview and critical examination of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. Despite some positive aspects, the Directive includes multiple problematic provisions, including the controversial new right for press publishers and the new liability regime for content-sharing platforms. On balance, the Directive denotes a normative preference for private ordering over public choice in EU copyright law, and lacks adequate safeguards for users. It is also a complex text with multiple ambiguities, which will likely fail promote the desired harmonization and legal certainty in this area.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article provides an overview and critical examination of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market. Despite some positive aspects, the Directive includes multiple problematic provisions, including the controversial new right for press publishers and the new liability regime for content-sharing platforms. On balance, the Directive denotes a normative preference for private ordering over public choice in EU copyright law, and lacks adequate safeguards for users. It is also a complex text with multiple ambiguities, which will likely fail promote the desired harmonization and legal certainty in this area. |
| Dommering, E. De arresten Funke Medien, Spiegel Onlineen Pelham van het HvJ EU van 29 juli 2019 AMI, 2019 (6), pp. 185-191, 2020. @article{Dommering2020, title = {De arresten Funke Medien, Spiegel Onlineen Pelham van het HvJ EU van 29 juli 2019}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_6.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-07}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {6}, pages = {185-191}, abstract = {29 juli 2019 was het D-Day voor het Europese auteursrecht. Toen deed een Grote Kamer van het Hof van Justitie uitspraak in drie zaken waarin het Duitse Bundesgerichtshof prejudici\"{e}le vragen had gesteld over de uitleg en toepassing van de Auteursrechtrichtlijn (Richtlijn 2001/29/EG) in relatie tot het Europese Handvest en indirect ook tot het Europese Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens. Het waren alledrie ‘borderline cases’. In de zaak Funke Medien gaat het om de perspublicatie van een proces-verbaal van een periodieke verslaggeving van de buitenlandse interventies van de Bundeswehr, bedoeld voor beperkt gebruik voor bepaalde afgevaardigden in de Bondsdag. Een van deze rapportages was uitgelekt en de Bondsregering probeerde verspreiding tegen te gaan met een beroep op haar auteursrecht; het proces-verbaal zou een ‘werk’ zijn in de zin van het door de richtlijn geharmoniseerde Duitse auteursrecht. In de Spiegel Online-zaak gaat het om de reikwijdte van het citaatrecht in het geval dat er door middel van een hyperlink op het web naar het werk wordt verwezen. De zaak bevat ook de vraag of het werk waaruit werd geciteerd op geoorloofde manier openbaar was gemaakt en of dat een omstandigheid was die citeren kon verhinderen. In de Pelham-zaak gaat het om de vraag of het gebruik van zeer korte muziekfragmenten (‘soundsampling’) moet worden aangemerkt als een geoorloofd citaat in de zin van artikel 5 lid 3 onder d van de richtlijn (beperking van het muziekreproductierecht).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } 29 juli 2019 was het D-Day voor het Europese auteursrecht. Toen deed een Grote Kamer van het Hof van Justitie uitspraak in drie zaken waarin het Duitse Bundesgerichtshof prejudiciële vragen had gesteld over de uitleg en toepassing van de Auteursrechtrichtlijn (Richtlijn 2001/29/EG) in relatie tot het Europese Handvest en indirect ook tot het Europese Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens. Het waren alledrie ‘borderline cases’. In de zaak Funke Medien gaat het om de perspublicatie van een proces-verbaal van een periodieke verslaggeving van de buitenlandse interventies van de Bundeswehr, bedoeld voor beperkt gebruik voor bepaalde afgevaardigden in de Bondsdag. Een van deze rapportages was uitgelekt en de Bondsregering probeerde verspreiding tegen te gaan met een beroep op haar auteursrecht; het proces-verbaal zou een ‘werk’ zijn in de zin van het door de richtlijn geharmoniseerde Duitse auteursrecht. In de Spiegel Online-zaak gaat het om de reikwijdte van het citaatrecht in het geval dat er door middel van een hyperlink op het web naar het werk wordt verwezen. De zaak bevat ook de vraag of het werk waaruit werd geciteerd op geoorloofde manier openbaar was gemaakt en of dat een omstandigheid was die citeren kon verhinderen. In de Pelham-zaak gaat het om de vraag of het gebruik van zeer korte muziekfragmenten (‘soundsampling’) moet worden aangemerkt als een geoorloofd citaat in de zin van artikel 5 lid 3 onder d van de richtlijn (beperking van het muziekreproductierecht). |
| van Eechoud, M. AMI, 2019 (6), pp. 197-202, 2020. @article{vanEechoud2020, title = {Artikel 15 DSM-richtlijn: bescherming van perspublicaties met betrekking tot onlinegebruik (persuitgeversrecht)}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_6_DSM.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-07}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {6}, pages = {197-202}, abstract = {Het in 2016 voorgestelde naburig recht op perspublicaties was \textendash met de licentieverplichting voor platforms \textendash het meest omstreden onderdeel van de DSM-richtlijn. In dit blad en elders zijn nut, noodzaak en (negatieve) effecten uitgebreid besproken. Nu ligt er dan een ten opzichte van het oorspronkelijke Commissievoorstel uitgekleed recht voor uitgevers (art. 15 DSM-richtlijn), dat wordt ge\"{i}mplementeerd in de Wet op de naburige rechten (nieuw art. 7b Wnr). Dit artikel geeft een korte analyse van de belangrijkste kenmerken van het nieuwe recht, en van de (on)zekerheden die het meebrengt.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het in 2016 voorgestelde naburig recht op perspublicaties was – met de licentieverplichting voor platforms – het meest omstreden onderdeel van de DSM-richtlijn. In dit blad en elders zijn nut, noodzaak en (negatieve) effecten uitgebreid besproken. Nu ligt er dan een ten opzichte van het oorspronkelijke Commissievoorstel uitgekleed recht voor uitgevers (art. 15 DSM-richtlijn), dat wordt geïmplementeerd in de Wet op de naburige rechten (nieuw art. 7b Wnr). Dit artikel geeft een korte analyse van de belangrijkste kenmerken van het nieuwe recht, en van de (on)zekerheden die het meebrengt. |
| van Daalen, O. Openingssalvo in nieuwe Nederlandse Crypto Wars? Mediaforum, 2019 (6), pp. 205, 2020, (Opinie). @article{vanDaalen2020, title = {Openingssalvo in nieuwe Nederlandse Crypto Wars?}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_6.pdf}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-07}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2019}, number = {6}, pages = {205}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Ausloos, J., Mahieu, R., Veale, M. JIPITEC, 10 (3), 2019. @article{Ausloos2020, title = {Getting Data Subject Rights Right: A submission to the European Data Protection Board from international data rights academics, to inform regulatory guidance}, author = {Ausloos, J. and Veale, M. and Mahieu, R.}, url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-10-3-2019/5031}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-31}, journal = {JIPITEC}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, abstract = {We are a group of academics active in research and practice around data rights. We believe that the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) guidance on data rights currently under development is an important point to resolve a variety of tensions and grey areas which, if left unaddressed, may significantly undermine the fundamental right to data protection. All of us were present at the recent stakeholder event on data rights in Brussels on 4 November 2019, and it is in the context and spirit of stakeholder engagement that we have created this document to explore and provide recommendations and examples in this area. This document is based on comprehensive empirical evidence as well as CJEU case law, EDPB (and, previously, Article 29 Working Party) guidance and extensive scientific research into the scope, rationale, effects and general modalities of data rights.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We are a group of academics active in research and practice around data rights. We believe that the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) guidance on data rights currently under development is an important point to resolve a variety of tensions and grey areas which, if left unaddressed, may significantly undermine the fundamental right to data protection. All of us were present at the recent stakeholder event on data rights in Brussels on 4 November 2019, and it is in the context and spirit of stakeholder engagement that we have created this document to explore and provide recommendations and examples in this area. This document is based on comprehensive empirical evidence as well as CJEU case law, EDPB (and, previously, Article 29 Working Party) guidance and extensive scientific research into the scope, rationale, effects and general modalities of data rights. |
| Goldstein, P., Hugenholtz, P. International Copyright: Principles, Law, and Practice Oxford University Press, 2019. @book{Goldstein2019, title = {International Copyright: Principles, Law, and Practice}, author = {Goldstein, P. and Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/international-copyright-9780190060619?q=goldstein%20hugenholtz&lang=en&cc=nl}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-23}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } |
| Giannopoulou, A. Access and Reuse of Machine-Generated Data for Scientific Research Erasmus Law Review, (2), pp. 155-165, 2019. @article{Giannopoulou2019bb, title = {Access and Reuse of Machine-Generated Data for Scientific Research}, author = {Giannopoulou, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Erasmus_Law_Review_2019.pdf}, doi = {10.5553/ELR.000136}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-20}, journal = {Erasmus Law Review}, number = {2}, pages = {155-165}, abstract = {Data driven innovation holds the potential in transforming current business and knowledge discovery models. For this reason, data sharing has become one of the central points of interest for the European Commission towards the creation of a Digital Single Market. The value of automatically generated data, which are collected by Internet-connected objects (IoT), is increasing: from smart houses to wearables, machine-generated data hold significant potential for growth, learning, and problem solving. Facilitating researchers in order to provide access to these types of data implies not only the articulation of existing legal obstacles and of proposed legal solutions but also the understanding of the incentives that motivate the sharing of the data in question. What are the legal tools that researchers can use to gain access and reuse rights in the context of their research?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Data driven innovation holds the potential in transforming current business and knowledge discovery models. For this reason, data sharing has become one of the central points of interest for the European Commission towards the creation of a Digital Single Market. The value of automatically generated data, which are collected by Internet-connected objects (IoT), is increasing: from smart houses to wearables, machine-generated data hold significant potential for growth, learning, and problem solving. Facilitating researchers in order to provide access to these types of data implies not only the articulation of existing legal obstacles and of proposed legal solutions but also the understanding of the incentives that motivate the sharing of the data in question. What are the legal tools that researchers can use to gain access and reuse rights in the context of their research? |
| Rucz, M. Does the doctrine of exhaustion apply to videogames purchased digitally? French court says oui Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Rucz2019, title = {Does the doctrine of exhaustion apply to videogames purchased digitally? French court says oui}, author = {Rucz, M.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/12/12/does-the-doctrine-of-exhaustion-apply-to-videogames-purchased-digitally-french-court-says-oui/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-19}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., van Hoboken, J. European Regulation of Smartphone Ecosystems European Data Protection Law Review (EDPL), 5 (4), pp. 476-491, 2019. @article{Fahy2019eb, title = {European Regulation of Smartphone Ecosystems}, author = {Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://edpl.lexxion.eu/article/EDPL/2019/4/6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2019/4/6}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-13}, journal = {European Data Protection Law Review (EDPL)}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {476-491}, abstract = {For the first time, two pieces of EU legislation will specifically target smartphone ecosystems in relation to smartphone and mobile software (eg, iOS and Android) privacy, and use and monetisation of data. And yet, both pieces of legislation approach data use and data monetisation from radically contrasting perspectives. The first is the proposed ePrivacy Regulation, which seeks to provide enhanced protection against user data monitoring and tracking in smartphones, and safeguard privacy in electronic communications. On the other hand, the recently enacted Platform-to-Business Regulation 2019, seeks to bring fairness to platform-business user relations (including app stores and app developers), and is crucially built upon the premise that the ability to access and use data, including personal data, can enable important value creation in the online platform economy. This article discusses how these two Regulations will apply to smartphone ecosystems, especially relating to user and device privacy. The article analyses the potential tension points between the two sets of rules, which result from the underlying policy objectives of safeguarding privacy in electronic communications and the functioning of the digital economy in the emerging era of platform governance. The article concludes with a discussion on how to address these issues, at the intersection of privacy and competition in the digital platform economy.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } For the first time, two pieces of EU legislation will specifically target smartphone ecosystems in relation to smartphone and mobile software (eg, iOS and Android) privacy, and use and monetisation of data. And yet, both pieces of legislation approach data use and data monetisation from radically contrasting perspectives. The first is the proposed ePrivacy Regulation, which seeks to provide enhanced protection against user data monitoring and tracking in smartphones, and safeguard privacy in electronic communications. On the other hand, the recently enacted Platform-to-Business Regulation 2019, seeks to bring fairness to platform-business user relations (including app stores and app developers), and is crucially built upon the premise that the ability to access and use data, including personal data, can enable important value creation in the online platform economy. This article discusses how these two Regulations will apply to smartphone ecosystems, especially relating to user and device privacy. The article analyses the potential tension points between the two sets of rules, which result from the underlying policy objectives of safeguarding privacy in electronic communications and the functioning of the digital economy in the emerging era of platform governance. The article concludes with a discussion on how to address these issues, at the intersection of privacy and competition in the digital platform economy. |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, (153), pp. 9001-9002, 2019. @article{vanEijk2019d, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_153.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-12}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, number = {153}, pages = {9001-9002}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Letland / Buivids) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (48/49), pp. 7166-7168, 2019. @article{Dommering2019g, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Letland / Buivids)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_433.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-10}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {48/49}, pages = {7166-7168}, abstract = {Video opnamen door verdachte tijdens politieverhoor. Journalistieke exceptie van AVG van toepassing? }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Video opnamen door verdachte tijdens politieverhoor. Journalistieke exceptie van AVG van toepassing? |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 24 september 2019 (Google / Frankrijk) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (48/49), pp. 7182-7185, 2019. @article{Dommering2019h, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 24 september 2019 (Google / Frankrijk)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_434.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-10}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {48/49}, pages = {7182-7185}, abstract = {Verantwoordelijkheid zoekmachine bij het produceren van zoekresultaat met gegevens over strafrechtelijke veroordeling.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Verantwoordelijkheid zoekmachine bij het produceren van zoekresultaat met gegevens over strafrechtelijke veroordeling. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 24 september 2019 (Google / Frankrijk II) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (48/49), pp. 7197-7200, 2019. @article{Dommering2019i, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 24 september 2019 (Google / Frankrijk II)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_435.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-10}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {48/49}, pages = {7197-7200}, abstract = {Geen verplichting om een zoekresultaat wereldwijd te corrigeren.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Geen verplichting om een zoekresultaat wereldwijd te corrigeren. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie 3 oktober 2019 (Facebook / Glawischnig) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (48/49), pp. 7206-7208, 2019. @article{Dommering2019j, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie 3 oktober 2019 (Facebook / Glawischnig)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_436.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-10}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {48/49}, pages = {7206-7208}, abstract = {E-Commerce richtlijn verbiedt niet een wereldwijd verbod van informatie op een platform. Discretionaire bevoegdheid nationale rechter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } E-Commerce richtlijn verbiedt niet een wereldwijd verbod van informatie op een platform. Discretionaire bevoegdheid nationale rechter. |
| Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini, Irion, K. Fundamental rights review of EU data collection instruments and programmes 2019, (Final report). @online{Brodolini2019, title = {Fundamental rights review of EU data collection instruments and programmes}, author = {Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini and Irion, K. }, url = {http://www.fondazionebrodolini.it/sites/default/files/final_report_0.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-04}, abstract = {This report is the result of a Pilot Project requested by the European Parliament, managed by the Commission and carried out by a group of independent experts. The scope of the project was to establish and support an independent experts’ group to carry out a fundamental rights review of existing EU legislation and instruments in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) that involve the collection, retention, storage or transfer of personal data. One outcome of the project is a database of AFSJ legislation and instruments with individual fundamental rights assessments (at http://brodolini.mbs.it/). The final report concludes that that fundamental rights safeguards need to be more consistently considered and applied in the AFSJ. The conclusions highlight five broad issues for further consideration: ambiguous definitions and open terms; law enforcement access to migration databases; the expansion of centralised databases; data retention periods; and information rights and duties.}, note = {Final report}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {online} } This report is the result of a Pilot Project requested by the European Parliament, managed by the Commission and carried out by a group of independent experts. The scope of the project was to establish and support an independent experts’ group to carry out a fundamental rights review of existing EU legislation and instruments in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) that involve the collection, retention, storage or transfer of personal data. One outcome of the project is a database of AFSJ legislation and instruments with individual fundamental rights assessments (at http://brodolini.mbs.it/). The final report concludes that that fundamental rights safeguards need to be more consistently considered and applied in the AFSJ. The conclusions highlight five broad issues for further consideration: ambiguous definitions and open terms; law enforcement access to migration databases; the expansion of centralised databases; data retention periods; and information rights and duties. |
| McGonagle, T., Volgenant, O. Mediaforum, 2019 (5), pp. 167-169, 2019. @article{Volgenant2019b, title = {Kroniek Persrecht 2018}, author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_5.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-29}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {167-169}, abstract = {In 2018 was veiligheid van journalisten een belangrijk thema. Serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama. Individuele journalisten die ernstig werden bedreigd vanuit de hoek van de georganiseerde criminaliteit. Het resulteerde in een convenant met afspraken over geweld en agressie tegen journalisten. 2018 was ook het jaar waarin \textendash eindelijk \textendash het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk werd verankerd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2018 was veiligheid van journalisten een belangrijk thema. Serieuze aanslagen op de gebouwen van De Telegraaf en Panorama. Individuele journalisten die ernstig werden bedreigd vanuit de hoek van de georganiseerde criminaliteit. Het resulteerde in een convenant met afspraken over geweld en agressie tegen journalisten. 2018 was ook het jaar waarin – eindelijk – het recht op journalistieke bronbescherming wettelijk werd verankerd. |
| Dommering, E. Spinoza en het internet: tussen ‘libertas philosophandi’ en het ‘ultimi barbarorum’ 24.11.2019. @misc{Dommering2019k, title = {Spinoza en het internet: tussen ‘libertas philosophandi’ en het ‘ultimi barbarorum’}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0H6dF6euE34&feature=youtu.be https://amsterdamsespinozakring.nl/spinozadag/2019}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-24}, abstract = {Lezing op Spinozadag 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {presentation} } Lezing op Spinozadag 2019 |
| Bednarski, M., Francese Coutinho, M., McGonagle, T., Zimin, A. Elections and media in digital times 2019, (In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Series, UNESCO, Paris, November 2019). @techreport{McGonagle2019h, title = {Elections and media in digital times}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Bednarski, M. and Francese Coutinho, M. and Zimin, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/elections_and_media_in_digital_times.pdf https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000371486}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-21}, publisher = {UNESCO}, abstract = {The study zooms in on a key issue related to the 2019 World Press Freedom Day theme, which focused on “Media for Democracy: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, are often lacking in transparency. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. It is against this backdrop that this Report identifies recent trends on disinformation, attacks on the safety of journalists, and disruption in election communications. The report lists possible responses in order to safeguard media freedom and integrity while strengthening news reportage on elections in digital times.}, note = {In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Series, UNESCO, Paris, November 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The study zooms in on a key issue related to the 2019 World Press Freedom Day theme, which focused on “Media for Democracy: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, are often lacking in transparency. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. It is against this backdrop that this Report identifies recent trends on disinformation, attacks on the safety of journalists, and disruption in election communications. The report lists possible responses in order to safeguard media freedom and integrity while strengthening news reportage on elections in digital times. |
| Power, L., van Eijk, N., Zimin, A., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. 2019. @article{Borgesius2019c, title = {Kansspelreclame: toestaan, beperken, verbieden? : Onderzoek over mogelijke regels voor kansspelreclame voor het Directoraat-Generaal Straffen en Beschermen van het Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and Zimin, A. and Power, L. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/kansspelreclame_33996.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-19}, abstract = {Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 33996 nr. R, Eerste Kamer.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 33996 nr. R, Eerste Kamer. |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment – Part II Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019i, title = {Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment \textendash Part II}, author = {Quintais, J. and J\"{u}tte, B.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/19/sample-sample-in-my-song-can-they-tell-where-you-are-from-the-pelham-judgment-part-ii/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-19}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Denying journalist access to asylum-seeker ‘reception centre’ in Hungary violated Article 10 ECHR Strasbourg Observers, 2019. @article{Voorhoof2019, title = {Denying journalist access to asylum-seeker ‘reception centre’ in Hungary violated Article 10 ECHR}, author = {Voorhoof, D. and Fahy, R.}, url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/11/04/denying-journalist-access-to-asylum-seeker-reception-centre-in-hungary-violated-article-10-echr/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-15}, journal = {Strasbourg Observers}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Frosio, G., Hugenholtz, P., Husovec, M., Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J., Senftleben, M., van Gompel, S. 2019. @article{Quintais2019g, title = {Safeguarding User Freedoms in Implementing Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: Recommendations from European Academics}, author = {Quintais, J. and Frosio, G. and van Gompel, S. and Hugenholtz, P. and Husovec, M. and J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Senftleben, M.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3484968}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-12}, abstract = {On 17 May 2019 the new Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was officially published (DSM Directive). Article 17 (ex-Article 13) is one of its most controversial provisions. Article 17(10) tasks the Commission with organising stakeholder dialogues to ensure uniform application of the obligation of cooperation between online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) and rightholders, and to establish best practices with regard to appropriate industry standards of professional diligence. This document offers recommendations on user freedoms and safeguards included in Article 17 of the DSM Directive \textendash namely in its paragraphs (7) and (9) \textendash and should be read in the context of the stakeholder dialogue mentioned in paragraph (10).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On 17 May 2019 the new Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market was officially published (DSM Directive). Article 17 (ex-Article 13) is one of its most controversial provisions. Article 17(10) tasks the Commission with organising stakeholder dialogues to ensure uniform application of the obligation of cooperation between online content-sharing service providers (OCSSPs) and rightholders, and to establish best practices with regard to appropriate industry standards of professional diligence. This document offers recommendations on user freedoms and safeguards included in Article 17 of the DSM Directive – namely in its paragraphs (7) and (9) – and should be read in the context of the stakeholder dialogue mentioned in paragraph (10). |
| Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019h, title = {Safeguarding User Freedoms in Implementing Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive: Recommendations from European Academics}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/12/safeguarding-user-freedoms-in-implementing-article-17-of-the-copyright-in-the-digital-single-market-directive-recommendations-from-european-academics/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-12}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Daalen, O. Justitie toegang geven tot versleutelde chatberichten is geen goed idee Trouw, 2019, (Opinie). @article{vanDaalen2019b, title = {Justitie toegang geven tot versleutelde chatberichten is geen goed idee}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.trouw.nl/opinie/justitie-toegang-geven-tot-versleutelde-chatberichten-is-geen-goed-idee~bd398447/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-08}, journal = {Trouw}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment – Part I Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019c, title = {Sample, sample in my song, can they tell where you are from? The Pelham judgment \textendash Part I}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/11/06/sample-sample-in-my-song-can-they-tell-where-you-are-from-the-pelham-judgment-part-i/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Appelman, N., Fahy, R., Helberger, N., Leerssen, P., McGonagle, T., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties 2019, (Tussenrapportage oktober 2019). @techreport{vanHoboken2019c, title = {De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/verspreiding_desinformatie_internetdiensten_tussenrapportage.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, abstract = {Rapport in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 30821, nr. 91, Tweede Kamer.}, note = {Tussenrapportage oktober 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Rapport in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 30821, nr. 91, Tweede Kamer. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Rb Noord-Nederland 24 juli 2019 (Piet Hein Eek / Dudink) AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 180-181, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019h, title = {Annotatie bij Rb Noord-Nederland 24 juli 2019 (Piet Hein Eek / Dudink)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_5.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {180-181}, abstract = {Meubelontwerper Piet Hein Eek heeft auteursrecht op de door hem ontworpen meubels van sloophout. Een aantal van de door gedaagde vervaardigde sloophouten tafels en stoelen maken wegens overeenstemmende totaalindrukken inbreuk op het auteursrecht van Eek. Vordering tot vergoeding van schade wegens winstderving toelaatbaar. Geen vergoeding wegens waardevermindering van het auteursrecht.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Meubelontwerper Piet Hein Eek heeft auteursrecht op de door hem ontworpen meubels van sloophout. Een aantal van de door gedaagde vervaardigde sloophouten tafels en stoelen maken wegens overeenstemmende totaalindrukken inbreuk op het auteursrecht van Eek. Vordering tot vergoeding van schade wegens winstderving toelaatbaar. Geen vergoeding wegens waardevermindering van het auteursrecht. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Artikelen 3 en 4 DSM-richtlijn: tekst- en datamining AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 167-171, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019i, title = {Artikelen 3 en 4 DSM-richtlijn: tekst- en datamining}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_5.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {167-171}, abstract = {Tekst- en datamining (TDM) \textendash het geautomatiseerd analyseren van grote hoeveelheden ongestructureerde tekst en data \textendash is niet meer weg te denken uit de wetenschap, en speelt daarnaast een steeds grotere rol in een veelheid van andere domeinen, vari\"{e}rend van journalistiek tot artifici\"{e}le intelligentie. De nieuwe DSMrichtlijn voorziet daarom in een tweetal beperkingen van het auteursrecht en het databankenrecht ten aanzien van tekst- en datamining: de ene ten behoeve van nonprofit wetenschappelijk onderzoek (art. 3), de andere voor andere doeleinden (art. 4). Daarmee ontstaat de indruk dat de richtlijn voor TDM ruim baan heeft gemaakt, maar deze schijn bedriegt. Rechthebbenden kunnen door middel van een ‘opt-out’ tekst- en datamining voor commerci\"{e}le doeleinden uitsluiten of aan licenties onderwerpen. In dit artikel worden de TDM-bepalingen van de DSMrichtlijn kritisch besproken. Daaraan gaat vooraf een kort expos\'{e} over tekst- en datamining en de stand van zaken naar huidig auteursrecht.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tekst- en datamining (TDM) – het geautomatiseerd analyseren van grote hoeveelheden ongestructureerde tekst en data – is niet meer weg te denken uit de wetenschap, en speelt daarnaast een steeds grotere rol in een veelheid van andere domeinen, variërend van journalistiek tot artificiële intelligentie. De nieuwe DSMrichtlijn voorziet daarom in een tweetal beperkingen van het auteursrecht en het databankenrecht ten aanzien van tekst- en datamining: de ene ten behoeve van nonprofit wetenschappelijk onderzoek (art. 3), de andere voor andere doeleinden (art. 4). Daarmee ontstaat de indruk dat de richtlijn voor TDM ruim baan heeft gemaakt, maar deze schijn bedriegt. Rechthebbenden kunnen door middel van een ‘opt-out’ tekst- en datamining voor commerciële doeleinden uitsluiten of aan licenties onderwerpen. In dit artikel worden de TDM-bepalingen van de DSMrichtlijn kritisch besproken. Daaraan gaat vooraf een kort exposé over tekst- en datamining en de stand van zaken naar huidig auteursrecht. |
| Keller, P. AMI, 2019 (5), pp. 172-173, 2019. @article{Keller2019, title = {Over artikel 14 DSM-richtlijn: Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner digitalen Reproduzierbarkeit: Reactie van een fijnproever}, author = {Keller, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_5-1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {172-173}, abstract = {In 1935 schreef de Duitse filosoof Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) in Parijs het invloedrijke essay ‘Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit’ waarin hij de cultuurtheoretische gevolgen van (fotografische) reproducties van werken van beeldende kunst analyseerde. In het licht van de snelle opkomst van fotografie en de toenemende kwaliteit van fotografische reproducties postuleerde hij dat de originaliteit van kunstwerken gebaseerd was op hun eenmaligheid in het “hier und jetzt”. Reproducties van kunstwerken kenmerken zich volgens Benjamin door het verlies van de aan het originele kunstwerk eigen zijnde “aura”. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 1935 schreef de Duitse filosoof Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) in Parijs het invloedrijke essay ‘Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit’ waarin hij de cultuurtheoretische gevolgen van (fotografische) reproducties van werken van beeldende kunst analyseerde. In het licht van de snelle opkomst van fotografie en de toenemende kwaliteit van fotografische reproducties postuleerde hij dat de originaliteit van kunstwerken gebaseerd was op hun eenmaligheid in het “hier und jetzt”. Reproducties van kunstwerken kenmerken zich volgens Benjamin door het verlies van de aan het originele kunstwerk eigen zijnde “aura”. |
| McGonagle, T. 31.10.2019, (Council of Europe video). @misc{McGonagle2019i, title = {Why Quality Journalism Matters? Tarlach McGonagle answers the question ahead of the international conference in Ljubljana}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://vimeo.com/370090341 https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/qualityjournalism2019}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-31}, note = {Council of Europe video}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {presentation} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2019 (43), pp. 6142-6145, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019g, title = {Annotatie bij HvJ EU 31 mei 2016 (Reha Training), HvJ EU 29 november 2017 (Vcast) en HvJ EU 7 augustus 2018 (Renckoff)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_371.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-22}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2019}, number = {43}, pages = {6142-6145}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Rucz, M. Territorial scope of the “right to erasure” limited to the EU IRIS, 2019. @article{Rucz2019b, title = {Territorial scope of the “right to erasure” limited to the EU}, author = {Rucz, M.}, url = {http://merlin.obs.coe.int/iris/2019/10/article3.en.html}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-22}, journal = {IRIS}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Strasbourg Observers, 2019. @article{Fahy2019c, title = {ECtHR engages in dangerous "triple pirouette" to find criminal prosecution for media coverage of PKK statements did not violate Article 10}, author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {https://strasbourgobservers.com/2019/10/14/ecthr-engages-in-dangerous-triple-pirouette-to-find-criminal-prosecution-for-media-coverage-of-pkk-statements-did-not-violate-article-10/#more-4435}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-14}, journal = {Strasbourg Observers}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Angelopoulos, C., Quintais, J. Fixing Copyright Reform: A Better Solution to Online Infringement JIPITEC, 10 (2), 2019. @article{Angelopoulos2019, title = {Fixing Copyright Reform: A Better Solution to Online Infringement}, author = {Angelopoulos, C. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-10-2-2019/4913}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-11}, journal = {JIPITEC}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, abstract = {The newly-adopted Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSMD) will fundamentally reshape EU copyright law. Among its most controversial offerings is Article 17, the so-called “value gap” provision, aimed at solving the alleged mismatch between the value that online content-sharing platforms extract from creative content and the revenue returned to the copyright-holders. This article argues that the new rules are misguided, misconceiving the real problems afflicting modern copyright. These are the proliferation of copyright infringement online in general \textendash not only through content-sharing platforms \textendash and the current piecemeal harmonisation of the rules on the liability of the intermediaries whose services are used to access and disseminate copyright-protected content. The current outdated and fragmented EU legal framework is ill-equipped to address these problems. Instead, it creates legal uncertainty for users and intermediaries in the online environment, while also failing to compensate creators fairly. The new rules will not change this. This article examines the pre-DSMD acquis and proposes a better solution than Article 17, consisting of two key changes: (a) the introduction of a harmonised EU framework for accessory liability for third party copyright infringement; and (b) the adoption of an alternative compensation system for right-holders covering non-commercial direct copyright use by the end-users of certain online platforms.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The newly-adopted Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (DSMD) will fundamentally reshape EU copyright law. Among its most controversial offerings is Article 17, the so-called “value gap” provision, aimed at solving the alleged mismatch between the value that online content-sharing platforms extract from creative content and the revenue returned to the copyright-holders. This article argues that the new rules are misguided, misconceiving the real problems afflicting modern copyright. These are the proliferation of copyright infringement online in general – not only through content-sharing platforms – and the current piecemeal harmonisation of the rules on the liability of the intermediaries whose services are used to access and disseminate copyright-protected content. The current outdated and fragmented EU legal framework is ill-equipped to address these problems. Instead, it creates legal uncertainty for users and intermediaries in the online environment, while also failing to compensate creators fairly. The new rules will not change this. This article examines the pre-DSMD acquis and proposes a better solution than Article 17, consisting of two key changes: (a) the introduction of a harmonised EU framework for accessory liability for third party copyright infringement; and (b) the adoption of an alternative compensation system for right-holders covering non-commercial direct copyright use by the end-users of certain online platforms. |
| Ausloos, J., Helberger, N., Leerssen, P., Vreese, C.H. de, Zarouali, B. Platform ad archives: promises and pitfalls Internet Policy Review, 8 (4), 2019. @article{Leerssen2019b, title = { Platform ad archives: promises and pitfalls}, author = {Leerssen, P. and Ausloos, J. and Zarouali, B. and Helberger, N. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/platform-ad-archives-promises-and-pitfalls}, doi = {10.14763/2019.4.1421}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-10}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, abstract = {This paper discusses the new phenomenon of platform ad archives. Over the past year, leading social media platforms have installed publicly accessible databases documenting their political advertisements, and several countries have moved to regulate them. If designed and implemented properly, ad archives can correct for structural informational asymmetries in the online advertising industry, and thereby improve accountability through litigation and through publicity. However, present implementations leave much to be desired. We discuss key criticisms, suggest several improvements and identify areas for future research and debate.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper discusses the new phenomenon of platform ad archives. Over the past year, leading social media platforms have installed publicly accessible databases documenting their political advertisements, and several countries have moved to regulate them. If designed and implemented properly, ad archives can correct for structural informational asymmetries in the online advertising industry, and thereby improve accountability through litigation and through publicity. However, present implementations leave much to be desired. We discuss key criticisms, suggest several improvements and identify areas for future research and debate. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 348) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (40), pp. 5658-5659, 2019. @article{Dommering2019e, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 348)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_348.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-08}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {40}, pages = {5658-5659}, abstract = {Ophangen van posters waarin bouwbedrijf in verband wordt gebracht met deportaties door gesloten gezinsvoorziening te bouwen in Detentiecentrum Zeist. Oordeel dat veroordeling ter zake smaadschrift geen strijd oplevert met vrijheid van meningsuiting ontoereikend gemotiveerd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ophangen van posters waarin bouwbedrijf in verband wordt gebracht met deportaties door gesloten gezinsvoorziening te bouwen in Detentiecentrum Zeist. Oordeel dat veroordeling ter zake smaadschrift geen strijd oplevert met vrijheid van meningsuiting ontoereikend gemotiveerd. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 349) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (40), pp. 5677, 2019. @article{Dommering2019f, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 2 juli 2019 (nr. 349)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_349.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-08}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {40}, pages = {5677}, abstract = {Het hof kon oordelen dat met de door verdachte opgeplakte poster werd opgeruid tot 'gewelddadig optreden tegen het openbaar gezag' en dat veroordeling niet in strijd is met vrijheid van meningsuiting.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het hof kon oordelen dat met de door verdachte opgeplakte poster werd opgeruid tot 'gewelddadig optreden tegen het openbaar gezag' en dat veroordeling niet in strijd is met vrijheid van meningsuiting. |
| Husovec, M., Quintais, J. 2019, (Working paper). @article{Husovec2019, title = {How to license Article 17? Exploring the Implementation Options for the New EU Rules on Content-Sharing Platforms}, author = {Husovec, M. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3463011}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-03}, abstract = {How can the EU Member States license Article 17 of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market? This is the central question that this paper addresses. To answer it, we first analyse the nature of the right included in Article 17. We argue that the nature of the right has a number of serious consequences for its licensing. First, it determines whether the right is mandated by public international law, and hence what licensing modalities are allowed under the 1994 WTO TRIPS Agreement and 1996 WIPO treaties. Second, it clarifies what other conditions European Union law itself imposes on the newly established right and its implementation into national law. These restraints shape the margin of discretion of EU Member States. Third, it may imply changes to existing licensing practices, including the need for collective rights management organisations to obtain new mandates. Fourth, it influences how Member States can incorporate users’ rights into the legal framework. We argue that Article 17 is a special or sui generis right. We identify how this right fits the existing international and EU law, and explain why the Member States have a broad margin of discretion when implementing the corresponding licensing regimes. Perhaps most importantly, and counter-intuitively, we show that the legal arguments against Article 17 licensing via modalities of statutory licensing and mandatory collective management schemes are weaker than one might initially think.}, note = {Working paper}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } How can the EU Member States license Article 17 of the new Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market? This is the central question that this paper addresses. To answer it, we first analyse the nature of the right included in Article 17. We argue that the nature of the right has a number of serious consequences for its licensing. First, it determines whether the right is mandated by public international law, and hence what licensing modalities are allowed under the 1994 WTO TRIPS Agreement and 1996 WIPO treaties. Second, it clarifies what other conditions European Union law itself imposes on the newly established right and its implementation into national law. These restraints shape the margin of discretion of EU Member States. Third, it may imply changes to existing licensing practices, including the need for collective rights management organisations to obtain new mandates. Fourth, it influences how Member States can incorporate users’ rights into the legal framework. We argue that Article 17 is a special or sui generis right. We identify how this right fits the existing international and EU law, and explain why the Member States have a broad margin of discretion when implementing the corresponding licensing regimes. Perhaps most importantly, and counter-intuitively, we show that the legal arguments against Article 17 licensing via modalities of statutory licensing and mandatory collective management schemes are weaker than one might initially think. |
| Ende, M. van der, Poort, J., Yagafarova, A. TPEdigitaal, 13 (2), pp. 97-111, 2019. @article{Poort2019d, title = {Polderpiraten voor anker}, author = {Poort, J. and Ende, M. van der and Yagafarova, A.}, url = {http://www.tpedigitaal.nl/artikel/polderpiraten-voor-anker}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, journal = {TPEdigitaal}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {97-111}, abstract = {Dit artikel bespreekt hoe de verwerving en consumptie van muziek, films, series, games en boeken zich tussen 2012 en 2017 in Nederland heeft ontwikkeld. Voor al deze soorten materiaal is de omzet in die periode gestegen, behalve voor boeken. De groep die weleens materiaal downloadt of streamt uit illegale bronnen is kleiner geworden voor muziek en games, gelijk gebleven voor films en series en licht gestegen voor boeken. Piraten consumeren echter veel vaker betaalde content dan niet-piraten. De vrees voor piraterij zou de ontwikkeling van e-boekabonnementen daarom niet in de weg moeten staan.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dit artikel bespreekt hoe de verwerving en consumptie van muziek, films, series, games en boeken zich tussen 2012 en 2017 in Nederland heeft ontwikkeld. Voor al deze soorten materiaal is de omzet in die periode gestegen, behalve voor boeken. De groep die weleens materiaal downloadt of streamt uit illegale bronnen is kleiner geworden voor muziek en games, gelijk gebleven voor films en series en licht gestegen voor boeken. Piraten consumeren echter veel vaker betaalde content dan niet-piraten. De vrees voor piraterij zou de ontwikkeling van e-boekabonnementen daarom niet in de weg moeten staan. |
| Coutinho, M.F., Delinavelli, G., Fahy, R., Irion, K., Jusić, T., Kersevan Smokvina, T., Klimkiewicz, B., Llorens, C., Rozgonyi, K., Svensson, S., Til, G. van The independence of media regulatory authorities in Europe 2019, (Capello, M. (ed.), IRIS Special 2019-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg). @techreport{Irion2019b, title = {The independence of media regulatory authorities in Europe}, author = {Irion, K. and Delinavelli, G. and Coutinho, M.F. and Fahy, R. and Jusi\'{c}, T. and Klimkiewicz, B. and Llorens, C. and Rozgonyi, K. and Svensson, S. and Kersevan Smokvina, T. and Til, G. van}, editor = {Capello, M.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/the-independence-of-media-regulatory-authorities-in-europe/168097e504}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, publisher = {European Audiovisual Observatory}, note = {Capello, M. (ed.), IRIS Special 2019-1, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Bastian, M., Drunen, M. van, Helberger, N. International Data Privacy Law, 2019 , 2019. @article{Drunen2019, title = {Know you algorithm: what media organizations need to explain to their users about news personalization}, author = {Drunen, M. van and Helberger, N. and Bastian, M.}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/idpl/advance-article/doi/10.1093/idpl/ipz011/5544759}, doi = {10.1093/idpl/ipz011}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {Key Points: - If the right to an explanation is expected to effectively safeguard users’ rights, it must be interpreted in a manner that takes the contextual risks algorithms pose to those rights into account. - This article provides a framework of transparency instruments in the context of the news personalization algorithms employed by both traditional media organizations and social media companies. - Explaining the impact on a user’s news diet and the role of editorial values in the algorithm is especially important in this context. - Conversely, explanations of individual decisions and counterfactual explanations face specific practical and normative barriers that limit their utility.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Key Points: - If the right to an explanation is expected to effectively safeguard users’ rights, it must be interpreted in a manner that takes the contextual risks algorithms pose to those rights into account. - This article provides a framework of transparency instruments in the context of the news personalization algorithms employed by both traditional media organizations and social media companies. - Explaining the impact on a user’s news diet and the role of editorial values in the algorithm is especially important in this context. - Conversely, explanations of individual decisions and counterfactual explanations face specific practical and normative barriers that limit their utility. |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Conference on Freedom of Expression and Copyright: Luxembourg, 7 November 2019 Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019b, title = {Conference on Freedom of Expression and Copyright: Luxembourg, 7 November 2019}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B.J. and Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/09/24/conference-on-freedom-of-expression-and-copyright-luxembourg-7-november-2019/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-26}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Mil, J. van Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 23 mei 2019 Computerrecht, 2019 (4), pp. 267-273, 2019. @article{Mil2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Noord-Holland 23 mei 2019 }, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_CR_2019_4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-19}, journal = {Computerrecht}, volume = {2019}, number = {4}, pages = {267-273}, abstract = {De rechtbank bakent de omvang van het inzagerecht af in overeenstemming met eerdere jurisprudentie, waarmee zij verwerkingsverantwoordelijke handvatten biedt voor die gevallen waarin zij zich geconfronteerd ziet met inzageverzoeken.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De rechtbank bakent de omvang van het inzagerecht af in overeenstemming met eerdere jurisprudentie, waarmee zij verwerkingsverantwoordelijke handvatten biedt voor die gevallen waarin zij zich geconfronteerd ziet met inzageverzoeken. |
| Bountouridis, D., Harambam, J., Makhortykh, M., van Hoboken, J. RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, pp. 69-77, 2019. @article{Harambam2019b, title = {Designing for the Better by Taking Users into Account: A Qualitative Evaluation of User Control Mechanisms in (News) Recommender Systems}, author = {Harambam, J. and Bountouridis, D. and Makhortykh, M. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_recsys_19.pdf https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3347014}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-19}, journal = {RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems}, pages = {69-77}, abstract = {Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems. |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, (152), pp. 8935-8936, 2019. @article{vanEijk2019c, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_152.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-11}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, number = {152}, pages = {8935-8936}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Neighbouring Rights are Obsolete IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019f, title = {Neighbouring Rights are Obsolete}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IIC_2019.pdf}, doi = {10.1007/s40319-019-00864-3}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-03}, journal = {IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law}, abstract = {Neighbouring rights based on technological investment that do not provide for a threshold test and corresponding rule of scope, such as the phonographic right, the broadcaster’s right and Europe’s film producer’s right, are outdated and inherently unbalanced. The new press publisher’s right introduced by the EU DSM Directive is similarly unbalanced.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Neighbouring rights based on technological investment that do not provide for a threshold test and corresponding rule of scope, such as the phonographic right, the broadcaster’s right and Europe’s film producer’s right, are outdated and inherently unbalanced. The new press publisher’s right introduced by the EU DSM Directive is similarly unbalanced. |
| van Gompel, S. Patent Abolition: A Real-Life Historical Case Study American University International Law Review, 34 (4), pp. 877-922, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019f, title = {Patent Abolition: A Real-Life Historical Case Study}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AUILR_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-23}, journal = {American University International Law Review}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {877-922}, abstract = {Over time, patent abolition has been the subject of fierce academic debate. However, no country in the world has ever abolished patents, except for one. Between 1869 and 1912, the Netherlands officially abandoned patents. This unique case is often mentioned in the literature on patent abolition, but the accounts drawn up so far present an incomplete and somewhat obscure image of the motives behind the decision of the Dutch government to eliminate patents. This paper fills this gap by conducting a full analysis of the various \textendash legal, economic, practical, and political \textendash arguments that have inspired the Dutch to abolish patents. By so doing, it sketches a striking picture of the circumstances that gave rise to the exceptional Dutch case. Translating this to today’s reality, which is so entirely different, it seems unlikely that we will soon witness another case where all the necessary ingredients will so neatly coincide as they did in the Netherlands in the late 1860s. Therefore, another real-life example of a developed country abolishing patents appears far away.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over time, patent abolition has been the subject of fierce academic debate. However, no country in the world has ever abolished patents, except for one. Between 1869 and 1912, the Netherlands officially abandoned patents. This unique case is often mentioned in the literature on patent abolition, but the accounts drawn up so far present an incomplete and somewhat obscure image of the motives behind the decision of the Dutch government to eliminate patents. This paper fills this gap by conducting a full analysis of the various – legal, economic, practical, and political – arguments that have inspired the Dutch to abolish patents. By so doing, it sketches a striking picture of the circumstances that gave rise to the exceptional Dutch case. Translating this to today’s reality, which is so entirely different, it seems unlikely that we will soon witness another case where all the necessary ingredients will so neatly coincide as they did in the Netherlands in the late 1860s. Therefore, another real-life example of a developed country abolishing patents appears far away. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (33/34), pp. 4691-4693, 2019. @article{Dommering2019d, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_293.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-22}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {33/34}, pages = {4691-4693}, abstract = {Wanneer is de pers aansprakelijk voor de inhoud van de informatie op een site waarnaar in de berichtgeving een hyperlink is geplaatst.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Wanneer is de pers aansprakelijk voor de inhoud van de informatie op een site waarnaar in de berichtgeving een hyperlink is geplaatst. |
| Hins, A. Book review of Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression in the EU Common Market Law Review, 56 (4), pp. 1154-1155, 2019. @article{Hins2019b, title = {Book review of Aleksandra Kuczerawy, Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression in the EU}, author = {Hins, A.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-22}, journal = {Common Market Law Review}, volume = {56}, number = {4}, pages = {1154-1155}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J. The Decline of Online Piracy: How Markets - Not Enforcement - Drive Down Copyright Infringement American University International Law Review, 34 (4), pp. 807-876, 2019. @article{Quintais2019f, title = {The Decline of Online Piracy: How Markets - Not Enforcement - Drive Down Copyright Infringement}, author = {Quintais, J. and Poort, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3437239}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-20}, journal = {American University International Law Review}, volume = {34}, number = {4}, pages = {807-876}, abstract = {This article deals with the acquisition and consumption of music, films, series, books, and games through the various legal and illegal channels that exist nowadays, in a set of thirteen countries across the globe. The article has four aims. First, it provides an overview of the rules on liability for and enforcement of online copyright infringement in the countries studied. Second, it gives factual information about the state of authorized and unauthorized acquisition and consumption of these types of content. The third aim is to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the link with enforcement measures and legal supply. Lastly, the article assesses the effect of online piracy on consumption from legal sources. To further these aims, the article combines different sources and empirical methods, including consumer surveys among nearly 35.000 respondents and comparative legal research. Our main conclusion is that online piracy is declining. The key driver for this decline is the increasing availability of affordable legal content, rather than enforcement measures. Where the legal supply of copyright-protected content is affordable, convenient and diverse, consumers are willing to pay for it and abandon piracy. Policymakers should therefore shift their focus from repressive approaches to tackle online infringement towards policies and measures that foster lawful remunerated access to copyright-protected content.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article deals with the acquisition and consumption of music, films, series, books, and games through the various legal and illegal channels that exist nowadays, in a set of thirteen countries across the globe. The article has four aims. First, it provides an overview of the rules on liability for and enforcement of online copyright infringement in the countries studied. Second, it gives factual information about the state of authorized and unauthorized acquisition and consumption of these types of content. The third aim is to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and the link with enforcement measures and legal supply. Lastly, the article assesses the effect of online piracy on consumption from legal sources. To further these aims, the article combines different sources and empirical methods, including consumer surveys among nearly 35.000 respondents and comparative legal research. Our main conclusion is that online piracy is declining. The key driver for this decline is the increasing availability of affordable legal content, rather than enforcement measures. Where the legal supply of copyright-protected content is affordable, convenient and diverse, consumers are willing to pay for it and abandon piracy. Policymakers should therefore shift their focus from repressive approaches to tackle online infringement towards policies and measures that foster lawful remunerated access to copyright-protected content. |
| McGonagle, T. Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’ 2019. @article{McGonagle2019g, title = {Infographic: ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CM-Rec20164-Infographic.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-07}, abstract = {The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The infographic, ‘The Council of Europe and the safety of journalists’, visualizes and condenses the detailed information in Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)4 to member States on the protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media actors. The infographic also signposts, and hyperlinks to, the Platform to promote the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other valuable Council of Europe resources, including the European Court of Human Rights’ three judgments to date which cite the Recommendation. |
| Poort, J., Quintais, J., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. , 2019, ISBN: 9789279930027, (A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.). @techreport{vanHoboken2019b, title = {Hosting intermediary services and illegal content online: An analysis of the scope of article 14 ECD in light of developments in the online service landscape}, author = {van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/hosting_intermediary_services.pdf}, doi = {10.2759/284542}, isbn = {9789279930027}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-06}, volume = {2018}, publisher = {European Union}, abstract = {This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments. }, note = {A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments. |
| Kabel, J. Het prinsesje op de erwt en de tovenaarsleerling Privacy & Informatie, 22 (3), pp. 89-90, 2019, (Redactioneel). @article{Kabel2019c, title = {Het prinsesje op de erwt en de tovenaarsleerling}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PI_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-30}, journal = {Privacy & Informatie}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {89-90}, note = {Redactioneel}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Kabel, J. AMI, 2019 (3), pp. 96-99, 2019. @article{Kabel2019b, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 29 maart 2019 (Dijkstra / De 4 Jaargetijden): Is artikel 25 Aw nu eindelijk helemaal af?}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-26}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {96-99}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The New Copyright Directive: Text and Data Mining (Articles 3 and 4) Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019e, title = {The New Copyright Directive: Text and Data Mining (Articles 3 and 4)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/07/24/the-new-copyright-directive-text-and-data-mining-articles-3-and-4/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-25}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Kostić, B., McGonagle, T. How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM European Yearbook of Minority Issues, 16 (1), pp. 3-33, 2019. @article{Kosti\'{c}2019, title = {How Social are New and Social Media for National Minorities? Perspectives from the FCNM}, author = {Kosti\'{c}, B. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://brill.com/abstract/journals/ymio/16/1/article-p1_2.xml}, doi = {10.1163/22116117_01601002}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {European Yearbook of Minority Issues}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {3-33}, abstract = {Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding the transformation of digital communication gives important insights into how new media, including social media, affect the ability of persons belonging to national minorities to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and participation in society. Thus, the new media ecosystem calls for greater attention for minority-related issues. The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (ACFC) has already observed that the media ecosystem is increasingly used for the expression of intolerance and hostility towards minorities, but that it also provides them with valuable expressive opportunities. This article starts with an analysis of how the advent and growing dominance of social media are causing farreaching changes in how we communicate in the new media ecosystem. The potential and drawbacks of new and social media for national minorities is the next focus. The article then analyses the ACFC’s monitoring work regarding new and social media. The article’s conclusions are supplemented by a set of recommendations that may guide the ACFC’s future monitoring work on relevant issues. |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Prijsdiscriminatie, privacy en publieke opinie Ars Aequi, 2019 , pp. 580-590, 2019. @article{Poort2019c, title = {Prijsdiscriminatie, privacy en publieke opinie}, author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://arsaequi.nl/product/prijsdiscriminatie-privacy-en-publieke-opinie/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-07-04}, journal = {Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, pages = {580-590}, abstract = {Webwinkels zijn technisch in staat om elke consument een andere prijs aan te bieden: online prijsdiscriminatie. Dit artikel bespreekt twee enqu\^{e}tes over dergelijke praktijken die zijn gehouden onder de Nederlandse bevolking en onderzoekt de implicaties van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) voor online prijsdiscriminatie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Webwinkels zijn technisch in staat om elke consument een andere prijs aan te bieden: online prijsdiscriminatie. Dit artikel bespreekt twee enquêtes over dergelijke praktijken die zijn gehouden onder de Nederlandse bevolking en onderzoekt de implicaties van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming (AVG) voor online prijsdiscriminatie. |
| Helberger, N., Makhortykh, M., Möller, J. Filter bubbles in the Netherlands 2019, (Report commissioned by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media)). @techreport{M\"{o}ller2019b, title = {Filter bubbles in the Netherlands}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Filter-bubbles-in-the-Netherlands.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, urldate = {2019-06-28}, abstract = {The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands?}, note = {Report commissioned by the Dutch Media Authority (Commissariaat voor de Media)}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands? |
| Giannopoulou, A. The New Copyright Directive: Article 14 or when the Public Domain Enters the New Copyright Directive Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Giannopoulou2019b, title = {The New Copyright Directive: Article 14 or when the Public Domain Enters the New Copyright Directive }, author = {Giannopoulou, A.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/27/the-new-copyright-directive-article-14-or-when-the-public-domain-enters-the-new-copyright-directive/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N. On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders Digital Journalism, 7 (8), pp. 993-1012, 2019. @article{Helberger2019b, title = {On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders}, author = {Helberger, N.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700}, doi = {10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, urldate = {2019-06-28}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {993-1012}, abstract = {Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Are algorithmic news recommenders a threat to the democratic role of the media? Or are they an opportunity, and, if so, how would news recommenders need to be designed to advance values and goals that we consider essential in a democratic society? These are central questions in the ongoing academic and policy debate about the likely implications of data analytics and machine learning for the democratic role of the media and the shift from traditional mass-media modes of distribution towards more personalised news and platforms Building on democratic theory and the growing body of literature about the digital turn in journalism, this article offers a conceptual framework for assessing the threats and opportunities around the democratic role of news recommenders, and develops a typology of different ‘democratic recommenders’. |
| Albrecht, Y., Bockxmeer, H. van, Dibbits, T., Helberger, N., Kasem, I., Oudeman, M., Vanseveren, W., Vermeir, L. Samen voor het publiek belang. Evaluatierapport NPO 2013 t/m 2017 2019. @techreport{Oudeman2019, title = {Samen voor het publiek belang. Evaluatierapport NPO 2013 t/m 2017}, author = {Oudeman, M. and Albrecht, Y. and Bockxmeer, H. van and Dibbits, T. and Helberger, N. and Kasem, I. and Vanseveren, W. and Vermeir, L.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/evaluatie_rapport-visitatiecommissie_npo.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-28}, abstract = {In september 2018 is, in opdracht van de raad van toezicht, de evaluatiecommissie Nederlandse Publieke Omroep gestart met haar evaluatie van de prestaties van de NPO in de periode 2013 t/m 2017, inclusief de beantwoording van de vraag naar de slagvaardigheid van de NPO. De evaluatieperiode beslaat dus een periode v\'{o}\'{o}r de wetswijziging van 2016 en een periode erna, waarin sprake was van aangescherpte rollen en bevoegdheden voor de raad van bestuur en de raad van toezicht van de NPO. Dit rapport is de weerslag van onze bevindingen. Daarnaast heeft de commissie een aantal aanbevelingen toegevoegd waarmee zij een bijdrage hoopt te leveren aan de NPO in de toekomst. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } In september 2018 is, in opdracht van de raad van toezicht, de evaluatiecommissie Nederlandse Publieke Omroep gestart met haar evaluatie van de prestaties van de NPO in de periode 2013 t/m 2017, inclusief de beantwoording van de vraag naar de slagvaardigheid van de NPO. De evaluatieperiode beslaat dus een periode vóór de wetswijziging van 2016 en een periode erna, waarin sprake was van aangescherpte rollen en bevoegdheden voor de raad van bestuur en de raad van toezicht van de NPO. Dit rapport is de weerslag van onze bevindingen. Daarnaast heeft de commissie een aantal aanbevelingen toegevoegd waarmee zij een bijdrage hoopt te leveren aan de NPO in de toekomst. |
| van Gompel, S. C. op den Kamp & D. Hunter, (Ed.): A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects, 2019 , Chapter 12, pp. 104-111, Cambridge University Press, 2019, ISBN: 9781108325806. @inbook{vanGompel2019e, title = {Light Bulb}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, editor = {C. op den Kamp & D. Hunter, }, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Light_Bulb.pdf}, doi = {10.1017/9781108325806}, isbn = {9781108325806}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-26}, urldate = {2019-06-26}, booktitle = {A History of Intellectual Property in 50 Objects}, volume = {2019}, pages = {104-111}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, chapter = {12}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Fahy, R., Voorhoof, D. Article 10 ECHR and Expressive Conduct Communications Law, 24 (2), pp. 62-73, 2019, (Pre-print). @article{Fahy2019bb, title = {Article 10 ECHR and Expressive Conduct}, author = {Fahy, R. and Voorhoof, D.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Communications_Law_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-25}, journal = {Communications Law}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {62-73}, abstract = {The European Court of Human Rights has recently delivered a series of judgments finding violations of the right to freedom of expression over convictions for engaging in expressive conduct. The purpose of this article is to discuss the European Court's recent case law on expressive conduct under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular to assess in what circumstances, if any, domestic courts may impose prison sentences, even if suspended, on individuals engaging in peaceful, but provocative and offensive expression.}, note = {Pre-print}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The European Court of Human Rights has recently delivered a series of judgments finding violations of the right to freedom of expression over convictions for engaging in expressive conduct. The purpose of this article is to discuss the European Court's recent case law on expressive conduct under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and in particular to assess in what circumstances, if any, domestic courts may impose prison sentences, even if suspended, on individuals engaging in peaceful, but provocative and offensive expression. |
| Bodó, B., Handke, C.W., Quintais, J., Vallbé, J. Knocking on Heaven’s Door: User preferences on digital cultural distribution Internet Policy Review, 8 (2), 2019. @article{Vallb\'{e}2019, title = {Knocking on Heaven’s Door: User preferences on digital cultural distribution}, author = {Vallb\'{e}, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Quintais, J. and Handke, C.W.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/knocking-heavens-door-user-preferences-digital-cultural-distribution}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, abstract = {This paper explores the social, demographic and attitudinal basis of consumer support of a Copyright Compensation System (CCS), which, for a small monthly fee would legalise currently infringing online social practices such as private copying from illegal sources and online sharing of copyrighted works. We do this by first identifying how different online and offline, legal and illegal, free and paying content acquisition channels are used in the media market using a cluster-based classification of respondents. Second, we assess the effect of cultural consumption on the support for a shift from the status quo towards alternative, CCS-based forms of digital cultural content distribution. Finally, we link these two analyses to identify the factors that drive the dynamics of change in digital cultural consumption habits. Our study shows significant support to a CCS compared to the status quo by both occasional and frequent buyers of cultural goods, despite the widespread adoption of legal free and paying online services by consumers. The nature of these preferences are also explored with the inclusion of consumer preference intensities regarding certain CCS attributes. Our results have relevant policy implications, for they outline CCS as a reform option. In particular, they point evidence-based copyright reform away from its current direction in the EU of stronger enforcement measures, additional exclusive rights, and increased liability and duties of care for online platforms. This work shows that CCS may be an apt policy tool to hinder piracy and potentially increase right holder revenues, while respecting fundamental rights and promoting technological development.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper explores the social, demographic and attitudinal basis of consumer support of a Copyright Compensation System (CCS), which, for a small monthly fee would legalise currently infringing online social practices such as private copying from illegal sources and online sharing of copyrighted works. We do this by first identifying how different online and offline, legal and illegal, free and paying content acquisition channels are used in the media market using a cluster-based classification of respondents. Second, we assess the effect of cultural consumption on the support for a shift from the status quo towards alternative, CCS-based forms of digital cultural content distribution. Finally, we link these two analyses to identify the factors that drive the dynamics of change in digital cultural consumption habits. Our study shows significant support to a CCS compared to the status quo by both occasional and frequent buyers of cultural goods, despite the widespread adoption of legal free and paying online services by consumers. The nature of these preferences are also explored with the inclusion of consumer preference intensities regarding certain CCS attributes. Our results have relevant policy implications, for they outline CCS as a reform option. In particular, they point evidence-based copyright reform away from its current direction in the EU of stronger enforcement measures, additional exclusive rights, and increased liability and duties of care for online platforms. This work shows that CCS may be an apt policy tool to hinder piracy and potentially increase right holder revenues, while respecting fundamental rights and promoting technological development. |
| Bodó, B. Digital Journalism, 7 (8), pp. 1054-1075, 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019d, title = {Selling News to Audiences \textendash A Qualitative Inquiry into the Emerging Logics of Algorithmic News Personalization in European Quality News Media}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1624185}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {1054-1075}, abstract = {How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } How do news organizations design and implement algorithmically personalized news services? We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with professionals working in European public service broadcasting and commercial quality news media to answer this question. The news business is undergoing rapid transformations regarding how news production is financed, how news is produced and delivered to audiences and how citizens consume news. In all of these changes algorithmic recommender systems play a role. We focus on news organizations’ own personalized news services, and analyze how they define the role of personalization in contributing to the financial success of the organization, in reaching and retaining audiences, and in fulfilling their editorial mission. We interviewed editors, journalists, technologists and business intelligence and publishing professionals to gain a structural understanding of the often conflicting goals of personalization. We found that rather than focusing on increasing short-term user engagement, European quality news media try to use news personalization to increase long-term audience loyalty. In distinction to the “platform logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to produce engagement and sell audiences to advertisers, they have developed a “news logic of personalization”, which uses personalization to sell news to audiences. |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 26 juni 2018 Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, (25), pp. 3503-3504, 2019. @article{Dommering2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 26 juni 2018 }, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_214.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-20}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, number = {25}, pages = {3503-3504}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Quintais, J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019d, title = {The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon \textendash Part II (of press publishers, upload filters and the real value gap)}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/17/the-new-copyright-directive-a-tour-dhorizon-part-ii-of-press-publishers-upload-filters-and-the-real-value-gap/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-18}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Fahy, R. The Chilling Effect of Turkey’s Article 301 Insult Law European Human Rights Law Review , 2019 (3), pp. 298-308, 2019. @article{Fahy2019b, title = {The Chilling Effect of Turkey’s Article 301 Insult Law}, author = {Fahy, R.}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-14}, journal = {European Human Rights Law Review }, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {298-308}, abstract = {This article discusses how the approach of the European Court of Human Rights has evolved in seeking to protect freedom of expression from the chilling effect of Turkey’s controversial Article 301 insult law. The article reveals the early reluctance within the Court in finding that the law’s provisions were incompatible with freedom of expression, and yet, the analysis now demonstrates how the Court’s concern for the chilling effect has led the Court to two adopt notable approaches: first, the Court permitting applicants to argue that the law, in and of itself, violates the European Convention on Human Rights, even where an applicant has not been convicted, nor even prosecuted under the law; and second, the Court’s application of its rarely-used competence under Article 46 of the European Convention, finding that amending Article 301 would “constitute an appropriate form of execution” of the Court’s judgment.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article discusses how the approach of the European Court of Human Rights has evolved in seeking to protect freedom of expression from the chilling effect of Turkey’s controversial Article 301 insult law. The article reveals the early reluctance within the Court in finding that the law’s provisions were incompatible with freedom of expression, and yet, the analysis now demonstrates how the Court’s concern for the chilling effect has led the Court to two adopt notable approaches: first, the Court permitting applicants to argue that the law, in and of itself, violates the European Convention on Human Rights, even where an applicant has not been convicted, nor even prosecuted under the law; and second, the Court’s application of its rarely-used competence under Article 46 of the European Convention, finding that amending Article 301 would “constitute an appropriate form of execution” of the Court’s judgment. |
| Dommering, E. De Europese informatierechtsorde deLex, 2019, ISBN: 9789086920716 . @book{Dommering2019b, title = {De Europese informatierechtsorde}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.delex.nl/shop/boeken/de-europese-informatierechtsorde}, isbn = {9789086920716 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-11}, volume = {2019}, publisher = {deLex}, abstract = {Onze samenleving is in de laatste tien jaar in hoog tempo veranderd in een door data, digitalisering en kunstmatige intelligentie gedreven omwenteling. Op de informatiemarkt zijn de sociale media, zoekmachines en Apps de grootste ondernemingen geworden. Zij sturen op de persoon gerichte reclameboodschappen op de consument af. Maar ook de overheid gebruikt steeds meer data om macht uit te oefenen. Persoonsgegevens zijn het nieuwe sturingsmechanisme van een ge\"{i}ndividualiseerde samenleving. Het internet groeit in aansluitingsdichtheid en capaciteit. Het schept de voorwaarden voor communicatie die geen scherpe scheiding meer maakt tussen openbaar en priv\'{e}. Klassieke media, sociale en politieke organisaties zijn niet verdwenen, maar worstelen met de uitstroom van gebruikers en leden die zich steeds meer individueel of in informele verbanden organiseren. Voor het informatierecht betekent dit dat de klassieke modellen voor vrijheid van meningsuiting, auteursrecht, privacy en media- en telecommunicatierecht niet meer voldoen. Deze rechtsgebieden zijn ook steeds meer met elkaar verknoopt geraakt. Is een dataverzameling herleidbaar tot personen, free flow of information of eigendom? Wie is er verantwoordelijk voor de informatieboodschap? Het zijn vragen die tegelijkertijd om een antwoord vragen. Dit boek schetst aan de hand van de rechtspraak (een kleine driehonderd nationale en Europese uitspraken), de belangrijkste nationale en Europese wetswijzigingen en de belangrijkste discussies in de vakliteratuur van de laatste tien jaar, hoe deze verandering een heel rechtsgebied op zijn kop heeft gezet. Het laat zien hoe de mythe van cyberspace heeft plaats gemaakt voor een nieuw fenomeen. Dat is de wederzijdse doordringing van de elektronische media en de sociale werkelijkheid. Of het nu gaat om het spelletje Pok\'{e}mon of de opstand van de gele hesjes. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } Onze samenleving is in de laatste tien jaar in hoog tempo veranderd in een door data, digitalisering en kunstmatige intelligentie gedreven omwenteling. Op de informatiemarkt zijn de sociale media, zoekmachines en Apps de grootste ondernemingen geworden. Zij sturen op de persoon gerichte reclameboodschappen op de consument af. Maar ook de overheid gebruikt steeds meer data om macht uit te oefenen. Persoonsgegevens zijn het nieuwe sturingsmechanisme van een geïndividualiseerde samenleving. Het internet groeit in aansluitingsdichtheid en capaciteit. Het schept de voorwaarden voor communicatie die geen scherpe scheiding meer maakt tussen openbaar en privé. Klassieke media, sociale en politieke organisaties zijn niet verdwenen, maar worstelen met de uitstroom van gebruikers en leden die zich steeds meer individueel of in informele verbanden organiseren. Voor het informatierecht betekent dit dat de klassieke modellen voor vrijheid van meningsuiting, auteursrecht, privacy en media- en telecommunicatierecht niet meer voldoen. Deze rechtsgebieden zijn ook steeds meer met elkaar verknoopt geraakt. Is een dataverzameling herleidbaar tot personen, free flow of information of eigendom? Wie is er verantwoordelijk voor de informatieboodschap? Het zijn vragen die tegelijkertijd om een antwoord vragen. Dit boek schetst aan de hand van de rechtspraak (een kleine driehonderd nationale en Europese uitspraken), de belangrijkste nationale en Europese wetswijzigingen en de belangrijkste discussies in de vakliteratuur van de laatste tien jaar, hoe deze verandering een heel rechtsgebied op zijn kop heeft gezet. Het laat zien hoe de mythe van cyberspace heeft plaats gemaakt voor een nieuw fenomeen. Dat is de wederzijdse doordringing van de elektronische media en de sociale werkelijkheid. Of het nu gaat om het spelletje Pokémon of de opstand van de gele hesjes. |
| Quintais, J. The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon – Part I Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019. @article{Quintais2019c, title = {The New Copyright Directive: A tour d’horizon \textendash Part I}, author = {Quintais, J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/06/07/the-new-copyright-directive-a-tour-dhorizon-part-i/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2019 (151), pp. 8866-8867, 2019. @article{vanEijk2019b, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_151.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-06}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, number = {151}, pages = {8866-8867}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Drunen, M. van, Helberger, N., Leerssen, P. Germany proposes Europe's first diversity rules for social media platforms LSE Media Policy Project Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Helberger2019, title = {Germany proposes Europe's first diversity rules for social media platforms}, author = {Helberger, N. and Leerssen, P. and Drunen, M. van}, url = {https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mediapolicyproject/2019/05/29/germany-proposes-europes-first-diversity-rules-for-social-media-platforms/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-06}, journal = {LSE Media Policy Project Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 6 oktober 2017 (Imation / Thuiskopie en Staat) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2019 (21/22), pp. 3068-3070, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019d, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 6 oktober 2017 (Imation / Thuiskopie en Staat)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_182.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-06-04}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2019}, number = {21/22}, pages = {3068-3070}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Harambam, J. Overwegingen en advies vaccinatieproblematiek vanuit een antropologisch perspectief 2019 , pp. 39-42, 2019, (In: Hoe nu verder met de vaccinatietwijfel?: Tien adviezen aan Staatssecretaris Paul Blokhuis, red. Roland Pierik, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2019. ISBN 9789090317144.). @inbook{Harambam2019, title = {Overwegingen en advies vaccinatieproblematiek vanuit een antropologisch perspectief}, author = {Harambam, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/vaccinatieproblematiek.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, volume = {2019}, pages = {39-42}, note = {In: Hoe nu verder met de vaccinatietwijfel?: Tien adviezen aan Staatssecretaris Paul Blokhuis, red. Roland Pierik, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2019. ISBN 9789090317144.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } |
| Kabel, J. Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 27 november 2018 (Nomenta / Nikki) AMI, 2019 (2), pp. 72, 2019. @article{Kabel2019, title = {Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 27 november 2018 (Nomenta / Nikki)}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_2.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {2}, pages = {72}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 12 december 2018 (FPI Ghana / Koas c.s.) AMI, 2019 (2), pp. 73-74, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019e, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 12 december 2018 (FPI Ghana / Koas c.s.)}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_2_p73.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-24}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {2}, pages = {73-74}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Gervais, D.J. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Gervais2019b, title = {Can Machines be Authors?}, author = {Gervais, D.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/05/21/can-machines-be-authors/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-23}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Helberger, N., Makhortykh, M., Möller, J. 2019, (Rapport in opdracht van het Commissariaat voor de Media.). @techreport{M\"{o}ller2019, title = {Filterbubbels in Nederland}, author = {M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Makhortykh, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Filterbubbels-in-Nederland.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, abstract = {The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands?}, note = {Rapport in opdracht van het Commissariaat voor de Media.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The introduction of algorithmic filtering and artificial intelligence in news dissemination has fundamentally changed the way news is consumed and distributed. While there is a clear benefit to the user, by making relevant stories accessible and therefore providing a way forward to manage the information overload, many have expressed concerns that it also leads to atomized societies where citizens are locked in filter bubbles. In this report we set out to answer the question: Do filter bubbles exist in the Netherlands? |
| van Daalen, O. 2019, (Opinie in de Volkskrant). @article{vanDaalen2019, title = {\'{O}\'{o}k soft- en hardware die niet uit China komen zijn notoir onveilig. Hacken is het probleem, niet Huawei}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.volkskrant.nl/columns-opinie/ook-soft-en-hardware-die-niet-uit-china-komen-zijn-notoir-onveilig-hacken-is-het-probleem-niet-huawei~b675fc66/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, note = {Opinie in de Volkskrant}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T., Volgenant, O. 2019. @article{Volgenant2019, title = {Persvrijheidsmonitor 2018}, author = {Volgenant, O. and McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Persvrijheidsmonitor_2018.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 10 januari 2019 (Khadija Ismayilova / Azerbeidzjan) European Human Rights Cases, 2019 (5), pp. 257-260, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019e, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 10 januari 2019 (Khadija Ismayilova / Azerbeidzjan)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_5_86.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {257-260}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Buivids) European Human Rights Cases, 2019 (5), pp. 253-255, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019f, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitie EU 14 februari 2019 (Buivids)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_5_84.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-10}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2019}, number = {5}, pages = {253-255}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Hoboken, J. 2019. @article{vanHoboken2019, title = {The Proposed EU Terrorism Content Regulation: Analysis and Recommendations with Respect to Freedom of Expression Implications}, author = {van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TERREG_FoE-ANALYSIS.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, abstract = {Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression |
| Heller, B., van Hoboken, J. Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Summary of United States and European Law 2019. @article{Heller2019, title = {Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Summary of United States and European Law}, author = {Heller, B. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TWG_Freedom_of_Expression.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, abstract = {Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression |
| Jütte, B., Quintais, J. Advocate General Turns down the Music - Sampling Is Not a Fundamental Right under EU Copyright Law European Intellectual Property Review , 41 (10), pp. 654-657, 2019. @article{J\"{u}tte2019, title = { Advocate General Turns down the Music - Sampling Is Not a Fundamental Right under EU Copyright Law}, author = {J\"{u}tte, B. and Quintais, J.}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3377205}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-09}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review }, volume = {41}, number = {10}, pages = {654-657}, abstract = {In his Opinion in Pelham (C-467/17) Advocate General Szpunar suggests that the use of samples from sound recordings is not permitted under the European copyright rules. While applying an extensive interpretation of the scope of the rights of phonogram producers, he rejects an extensive interpretation of the quotation exception and limits the role of fundamental rights as external checks to copyright law. Despite its merits, there are key aspects of the Opinion that raise concerns: a too broad interpretation of the reproduction right; and an unduly strict view of copyright exceptions \textendash especially quotation \textendash and the role of fundamental rights in shaping the scope of copyright protection. On those points, we suggest that the Court does not follow the Opinion.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In his Opinion in Pelham (C-467/17) Advocate General Szpunar suggests that the use of samples from sound recordings is not permitted under the European copyright rules. While applying an extensive interpretation of the scope of the rights of phonogram producers, he rejects an extensive interpretation of the quotation exception and limits the role of fundamental rights as external checks to copyright law. Despite its merits, there are key aspects of the Opinion that raise concerns: a too broad interpretation of the reproduction right; and an unduly strict view of copyright exceptions – especially quotation – and the role of fundamental rights in shaping the scope of copyright protection. On those points, we suggest that the Court does not follow the Opinion. |
| Mil, J. van German Federal Court of Justice asks CJEU if YouTube is directly liable for user-uploaded content Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice , 14 (5), pp. 355-356, 2019. @article{Mil2019b, title = {German Federal Court of Justice asks CJEU if YouTube is directly liable for user-uploaded content}, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz034}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-07}, journal = {Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice }, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {355-356}, abstract = {On 13 September 2018, the German Federal Court of Justice referred preliminary questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union, including the question whether YouTube performs acts of communication to the public when its users upload unauthorized content onto this platform.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } On 13 September 2018, the German Federal Court of Justice referred preliminary questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union, including the question whether YouTube performs acts of communication to the public when its users upload unauthorized content onto this platform. |
| Bednarski, M., Coutinho, M.F., McGonagle, T., Zimin, A. Preview: Elections and media in digital times 2019, (Preview of an In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom and Expression and Media Development). @techreport{McGonagle2019d, title = {Preview: Elections and media in digital times}, author = {McGonagle, T. and Bednarski, M. and Coutinho, M.F. and Zimin, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/in_focus_world_trends_report_2019_brochure.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-03}, abstract = {The increasing digitalization of societies has led to unprecedented opportunities to seek, receive and impart political information and ideas, which are the lifeblood of elections. The internet has made it easier for politicians, political parties and the electorate to communicate with each other more directly and more quickly than at any point in history. The accuracy of information can be checked and corrected faster, more thoroughly and by a greater number of actors than ever before. But there are also growing concerns about the effects on public debate arising from misuse of digital technologies and fragmentation in the communications environment. Political micro-targeting of individual voters is driven by aggregated personal data, which is not always obtained in lawful ways. Little effort is required to generate disinformation and for it to go viral. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, often lacking in transparency, reduce the transparency of information during elections. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack.}, note = {Preview of an In-Focus edition of the World Trends in Freedom and Expression and Media Development}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } The increasing digitalization of societies has led to unprecedented opportunities to seek, receive and impart political information and ideas, which are the lifeblood of elections. The internet has made it easier for politicians, political parties and the electorate to communicate with each other more directly and more quickly than at any point in history. The accuracy of information can be checked and corrected faster, more thoroughly and by a greater number of actors than ever before. But there are also growing concerns about the effects on public debate arising from misuse of digital technologies and fragmentation in the communications environment. Political micro-targeting of individual voters is driven by aggregated personal data, which is not always obtained in lawful ways. Little effort is required to generate disinformation and for it to go viral. New digitally-enabled tactics in political funding, campaigning and advertising, often lacking in transparency, reduce the transparency of information during elections. Meanwhile journalists, whose output can empower the electorate, are under increasing attack. |
| Leerssen, P., Tworek, H., An Analysis of Germany's NetzDG Law 2019, ( First working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression). @article{Tworek2019, title = {An Analysis of Germany's NetzDG Law}, author = {Tworek, H., and Leerssen, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NetzDG_Tworek_Leerssen_April_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-18}, note = { First working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. Schriftelijke inbreng Rondetafelgesprek wijziging Handelsregisterwet 2019, (Vaste Commissie voor Economische Zaken en Klimaat, Tweede Kamer). @techreport{vanEechoud2019d, title = {Schriftelijke inbreng Rondetafelgesprek wijziging Handelsregisterwet}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_t.b.v._hoorzitting_rondetafelgesprek_Handelsregisterwet_d.d._11_april_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-12}, note = {Vaste Commissie voor Economische Zaken en Klimaat, Tweede Kamer}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } |
| Irion, K. Third Annual Detlev F. Vagts Roundtable on Transnational Law: Data Protection in a Global World Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - American Society of International Law, 112 , pp. 220-226, 2019. @article{Irion2019, title = {Third Annual Detlev F. Vagts Roundtable on Transnational Law: Data Protection in a Global World}, author = {Irion, K.}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4DAD3CA357D2483729CD38B52ED6A612/S027250371900123Xa.pdf/remarks_by_kristina_irion.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.123}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-11}, journal = {Proceedings of the Annual Meeting - American Society of International Law}, volume = {112}, pages = {220-226}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Ryngaert, C.M.J., van Eijk, N. International Data Privacy Law, 2019 (1), pp. 61-73, 2019. @article{Ryngaert2019, title = {International cooperation by (European) security and intelligence services: reviewing the creation of a joint database in light of data protection guarantees}, author = {Ryngaert, C.M.J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IDPL_2019_1.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipz001}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-09}, journal = {International Data Privacy Law}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {61-73}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum European Intellectual Property Review, 2019 (4), pp. 199-202, 2019, (This opinion is based on a keynote speech delivered at the KEI Seminar, "Appraising the WIPO Broadcast treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture", Geneva, 3-4 October 2018.). @article{Hugenholtz2019c, title = {The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/EIPR_2019_4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-04-04}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {2019}, number = {4}, pages = {199-202}, abstract = {The Broadcasting Treaty that has been discussed at WIPO for over twenty years, seems to be reaching a dead end. The Treaty that aims at extending the legal protection of broadcasters to the digital realm, suffers from three serious flaws: one economic, one conceptual and one pragmatic. Due to the decreasing technical costs of broadcasting, the economic case for granting special rights to broadcasters is weakening. Moreover, properly defining the act of ‘broadcasting’ that would give rise to legal protection, is highly problematic. Finally, no real and urgent need for a new right seems to exist, in light of current legal regimes that broadcasters already rely on under national law. Perhaps the time has come to abandon work on the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty, and move on.}, note = {This opinion is based on a keynote speech delivered at the KEI Seminar, "Appraising the WIPO Broadcast treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture", Geneva, 3-4 October 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Broadcasting Treaty that has been discussed at WIPO for over twenty years, seems to be reaching a dead end. The Treaty that aims at extending the legal protection of broadcasters to the digital realm, suffers from three serious flaws: one economic, one conceptual and one pragmatic. Due to the decreasing technical costs of broadcasting, the economic case for granting special rights to broadcasters is weakening. Moreover, properly defining the act of ‘broadcasting’ that would give rise to legal protection, is highly problematic. Finally, no real and urgent need for a new right seems to exist, in light of current legal regimes that broadcasters already rely on under national law. Perhaps the time has come to abandon work on the WIPO Broadcasting Treaty, and move on. |
| Til, G. van Zelfregulering door online platforms: een waar wondermiddel tegen online desinformatie? Mediaforum, 2019 (1), pp. 2-13, 2019. @article{Til2019b, title = {Zelfregulering door online platforms: een waar wondermiddel tegen online desinformatie?}, author = {Til, G. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_1_vanTil.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-29}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {2-13}, abstract = {In aanloop naar de Europese parlementsverkiezingen van mei 2019 heeft de Europese Commissie haar inspanningen in de bestrijding van online desinformatie opgevoerd. Veel hoop is daarbij gevestigd op een initiatief van zelfregulering door online platforms en de advertentie-industrie in de vorm van een Code of Practice. In dit artikel wordt de rol die de Europese Commissie momenteel voor zichzelf weggelegd ziet voor zelfregulering kritisch beschouwd en wordt aansluiting gezocht bij een pleidooi voor een meer gezamenlijke aanpak van het probleem van online desinformatie.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In aanloop naar de Europese parlementsverkiezingen van mei 2019 heeft de Europese Commissie haar inspanningen in de bestrijding van online desinformatie opgevoerd. Veel hoop is daarbij gevestigd op een initiatief van zelfregulering door online platforms en de advertentie-industrie in de vorm van een Code of Practice. In dit artikel wordt de rol die de Europese Commissie momenteel voor zichzelf weggelegd ziet voor zelfregulering kritisch beschouwd en wordt aansluiting gezocht bij een pleidooi voor een meer gezamenlijke aanpak van het probleem van online desinformatie. |
| van Eechoud, M. Wetsvoorstel open overheid nadert eindstreep Mediaforum, 2019 (1), pp. 1, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019c, title = {Wetsvoorstel open overheid nadert eindstreep}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2019_1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-29}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije) European Human Rights Cases, 2019 (3), pp. 170-174, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019c, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 4 december 2018 (Magyar Jeti Zrt / Hongarije)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-29}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {170-174}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Annotatie bij EHRM 28 juni 2018 (M.L. en W.W. / Duitsland) Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2019 (12), pp. 1624-1626, 2019. @article{Dommering2019, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 28 juni 2018 (M.L. en W.W. / Duitsland)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2019_97.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-29}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2019}, number = {12}, pages = {1624-1626}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019c, title = {The science of piracy, the piracy of science. Who are the science pirates and where do they come from: Part 2}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/03/21/the-science-of-piracy-the-piracy-of-science-who-are-the-science-pirates-and-where-do-they-come-from-part-2/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-21}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B., Dobber, T., Fahy, R., Irion, K., Kruikemeier, S., Möller, J., Stapel, S., Vreese, C.H. de, Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Online politieke microtargeting: Een zegen of een vloek voor de democratie? Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB), 2019 (10), pp. 528-669, 2019. @article{Borgesius2019b, title = {Online politieke microtargeting: Een zegen of een vloek voor de democratie?}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and M\"{o}ller, J. and Dobber, T. and Kruikemeier, S. and Irion, K. and Stapel, S. and Fahy, R. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Vreese, C.H. de}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NJB_2019.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-19}, journal = {Nederlands Juristenblad (NJB)}, volume = {2019}, number = {10}, pages = {528-669}, abstract = {Voor online politieke microtargeting wordt het online-gedrag van mensen in kaart gebracht en worden de verzamelde gegevens gebruikt om mensen gerichte politieke advertenties te tonen. Microtargeting is vanuit de VS komen overwaaien naar Europa en heeft voor- en nadelen voor de democratie. Microtargeting kan politieke partijen helpen om mensen effectief te bereiken en kan politieke betrokkenheid stimuleren. Maar microtargeting kan ook een bedreiging vormen voor de democratie. Zo kan een politieke partij zich verschillend voordoen aan verschillende mensen. Bovendien bedreigt het verzamelen van persoonsgegevens onze privacy. Dit artikel brengt de beloftes en bedreigingen van microtargeting voor de democratie in kaart en schetst mogelijkheden voor beleidsmakers om het gebruik van microtargeting te reguleren.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Voor online politieke microtargeting wordt het online-gedrag van mensen in kaart gebracht en worden de verzamelde gegevens gebruikt om mensen gerichte politieke advertenties te tonen. Microtargeting is vanuit de VS komen overwaaien naar Europa en heeft voor- en nadelen voor de democratie. Microtargeting kan politieke partijen helpen om mensen effectief te bereiken en kan politieke betrokkenheid stimuleren. Maar microtargeting kan ook een bedreiging vormen voor de democratie. Zo kan een politieke partij zich verschillend voordoen aan verschillende mensen. Bovendien bedreigt het verzamelen van persoonsgegevens onze privacy. Dit artikel brengt de beloftes en bedreigingen van microtargeting voor de democratie in kaart en schetst mogelijkheden voor beleidsmakers om het gebruik van microtargeting te reguleren. |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2019 (150), pp. 8813-8814, 2019. @article{vanEijk2019, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_150_telecom.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-14}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2019}, number = {150}, pages = {8813-8814}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. Heks'nkaas or the "Fifty Shades of Taste" Explained by the CJEU through EU Copyright Law European Intellectual Property Review, 2019 (3), pp. 173-180, 2019. @article{Coche2019b, title = {Heks'nkaas or the "Fifty Shades of Taste" Explained by the CJEU through EU Copyright Law}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {http://uba-sfx.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/uva-linker?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:azlist&sfx.ignore_date_threshold=1&rft.object_id=110978977740233&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off;}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-12}, journal = {European Intellectual Property Review}, volume = {2019}, number = {3}, pages = {173-180}, abstract = {If the CJEU were to grant a prize to the 2018 most "original" copyright dispute, Levola Hengola v Smilde Foods (C-310/17) (the Heks’nkaas case) would undoubtedly stand among the nominees. The main reason why this case hit the spotlight is most probably because it touched upon the fundamentals of EU copyright law, namely its protectable subject-matter. Intriguingly, the complexities of copyright were unveiled by the following question: "Does Union law preclude the taste of food\textemdashas the author’s own intellectual creation\textemdashfrom being protected by copyright?" Notwithstanding the court’s dissenting answer, which clarified the scope of EU copyright law, it is of paramount importance to also discuss and unravel the ruling’s preceding procedure, including the Opinion by the Advocate General, as it shed light on the many existing controversies within copyright law.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } If the CJEU were to grant a prize to the 2018 most "original" copyright dispute, Levola Hengola v Smilde Foods (C-310/17) (the Heks’nkaas case) would undoubtedly stand among the nominees. The main reason why this case hit the spotlight is most probably because it touched upon the fundamentals of EU copyright law, namely its protectable subject-matter. Intriguingly, the complexities of copyright were unveiled by the following question: "Does Union law preclude the taste of food—as the author’s own intellectual creation—from being protected by copyright?" Notwithstanding the court’s dissenting answer, which clarified the scope of EU copyright law, it is of paramount importance to also discuss and unravel the ruling’s preceding procedure, including the Opinion by the Advocate General, as it shed light on the many existing controversies within copyright law. |
| Delinavelli, G. The EU Counterfeit & Piracy Watch List: political aims and legal challenges Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Delinavelli2019, title = {The EU Counterfeit & Piracy Watch List: political aims and legal challenges}, author = {Delinavelli, G.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/03/05/the-eu-counterfeit-piracy-watch-list-political-aims-and-legal-challenges/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019b, title = {The science of piracy, the piracy of science. Who are the science pirates and where do they come from: Part 1}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/03/06/the-science-of-piracy-the-piracy-of-science-who-are-the-science-pirates-and-where-do-they-come-from-part-1/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-03-07}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Smaak, auteursrecht en objectafbakening: over perceptie en bepaalbaarheid AMI, 2019 (1), pp. 9-16, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019d, title = {Smaak, auteursrecht en objectafbakening: over perceptie en bepaalbaarheid}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {9-16}, abstract = {Het hoge woord is eruit: op smaak rust geen auteursrecht. Dit volgt direct uit het Levola/Smilde-arrest, waarin het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU) vaststelt dat de Auteursrechtrichtlijn (Richtlijn 2001/29) ‘eraan in de weg staat dat de smaak van een voedingsmiddel op grond van deze richtlijn auteursrechtelijk wordt beschermd en dat een nationale wettelijke regeling in die zin wordt uitgelegd dat zij auteursrechtelijke bescherming verleent aan een dergelijke smaak’. De reden om smaak van auteursrechtelijk bescherming uit te sluiten is dat smaak onvoldoende nauwkeurig en objectief bepaalbaar is om object van bescherming te zijn. Als verklaring wijst het HvJ EU op de subjectiviteit en variabiliteit van de smaakperceptie en het ontbreken van technische middelen voor smaakbepaling. Zoals in deze bijdrage wordt uiteengezet, is deze argumentatie niet overtuigend en zelfs ondeugdelijk. Het bepaalbaarheidsvereiste is evenwel plausibel en navolgenswaardig, omdat het beoogt om meer rechtszekerheid te cre\"{e}ren over het object van auteursrechtelijke bescherming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Het hoge woord is eruit: op smaak rust geen auteursrecht. Dit volgt direct uit het Levola/Smilde-arrest, waarin het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie (HvJ EU) vaststelt dat de Auteursrechtrichtlijn (Richtlijn 2001/29) ‘eraan in de weg staat dat de smaak van een voedingsmiddel op grond van deze richtlijn auteursrechtelijk wordt beschermd en dat een nationale wettelijke regeling in die zin wordt uitgelegd dat zij auteursrechtelijke bescherming verleent aan een dergelijke smaak’. De reden om smaak van auteursrechtelijk bescherming uit te sluiten is dat smaak onvoldoende nauwkeurig en objectief bepaalbaar is om object van bescherming te zijn. Als verklaring wijst het HvJ EU op de subjectiviteit en variabiliteit van de smaakperceptie en het ontbreken van technische middelen voor smaakbepaling. Zoals in deze bijdrage wordt uiteengezet, is deze argumentatie niet overtuigend en zelfs ondeugdelijk. Het bepaalbaarheidsvereiste is evenwel plausibel en navolgenswaardig, omdat het beoogt om meer rechtszekerheid te creëren over het object van auteursrechtelijke bescherming. |
| Hugenholtz, P. Openbaarheid van tarieven en licentievoorwaarden van cbo’s AMI, 2019 (1), pp. 1-8, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019b, title = {Openbaarheid van tarieven en licentievoorwaarden van cbo’s}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2019_1_PBH.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Op grond van de Wet toezicht zijn collectieve beheersorganisaties verplicht ‘standaardlicentieovereenkomsten en normaal toepasselijke tarieven’ actief openbaar te maken. Over de betekenis en reikwijdte van deze verplichting bestaat in Nederland onduidelijkheid en zelfs onenigheid, maar (nog) geen jurisprudentie. In dit artikel wordt gepoogd om, mede aan de hand van een analyse van de rechtsgronden van deze verplichting, te komen tot een juiste en in de praktijk hanteerbare interpretatie van de openbaarheidsplicht.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Op grond van de Wet toezicht zijn collectieve beheersorganisaties verplicht ‘standaardlicentieovereenkomsten en normaal toepasselijke tarieven’ actief openbaar te maken. Over de betekenis en reikwijdte van deze verplichting bestaat in Nederland onduidelijkheid en zelfs onenigheid, maar (nog) geen jurisprudentie. In dit artikel wordt gepoogd om, mede aan de hand van een analyse van de rechtsgronden van deze verplichting, te komen tot een juiste en in de praktijk hanteerbare interpretatie van de openbaarheidsplicht. |
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 8 juni 2018 (Pearson) AMI, 2019 (1), pp. 34-39, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019, title = {Annotatie bij Hoge Raad 8 juni 2018 (Pearson)}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {34-39}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eechoud, M. Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 19 november 2018 (TVS / Revo) AMI, 2019 (1), pp. 40-41, 2019. @article{vanEechoud2019b, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Den Haag 19 november 2018 (TVS / Revo)}, author = {van Eechoud, M.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2019_1_p40.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-21}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2019}, number = {1}, pages = {40-41}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hoofnagle, C.J., van der Sloot, B., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation: What It Is And What It Means Information & Communications Technology Law, 2019 , 2019. @article{Hoofnagle2018, title = {The European Union General Data Protection Regulation: What It Is And What It Means}, author = {Hoofnagle, C.J. and van der Sloot, B. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13600834.2019.1573501}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-12}, journal = {Information & Communications Technology Law}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {This article introduces U.S. lawyers and academics to the normative foundations, attributes, and strategic approach to regulating personal data advanced by the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). We explain the genesis of the GDPR, which is best understood as an extension and refinement of existing requirements imposed by the 1995 Data Protection Directive; describe the GDPR’s approach and provisions; and make predictions about the GDPR’s short and medium-term implications. The GDPR is the most consequential regulatory development in information policy in a generation. The GDPR brings personal data into a detailed and protective regulatory regime, which will influence personal data usage worldwide. Understood properly, the GDPR encourages firms to develop information governance frameworks, to in-house data use, and to keep humans in the loop in decision making. Companies with direct relationships with consumers have strategic advantages under the GDPR, compared to third party advertising firms on the internet. To reach these objectives, the GDPR uses big sticks, structural elements that make proving violations easier, but only a few carrots. The GDPR will complicate and restrain some information-intensive business models. But the GDPR will also enable approaches previously impossible under less-protective approaches.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article introduces U.S. lawyers and academics to the normative foundations, attributes, and strategic approach to regulating personal data advanced by the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). We explain the genesis of the GDPR, which is best understood as an extension and refinement of existing requirements imposed by the 1995 Data Protection Directive; describe the GDPR’s approach and provisions; and make predictions about the GDPR’s short and medium-term implications. The GDPR is the most consequential regulatory development in information policy in a generation. The GDPR brings personal data into a detailed and protective regulatory regime, which will influence personal data usage worldwide. Understood properly, the GDPR encourages firms to develop information governance frameworks, to in-house data use, and to keep humans in the loop in decision making. Companies with direct relationships with consumers have strategic advantages under the GDPR, compared to third party advertising firms on the internet. To reach these objectives, the GDPR uses big sticks, structural elements that make proving violations easier, but only a few carrots. The GDPR will complicate and restrain some information-intensive business models. But the GDPR will also enable approaches previously impossible under less-protective approaches. |
| Poort, J., Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Internet Policy Review, 8 (1), 2019. @article{Poort2019b, title = {Does everyone have a price? Understanding people’s attitude towards online and offline price discrimination}, author = {Poort, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/does-everyone-have-price-understanding-peoples-attitude-towards-online-and-offline}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-12}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, abstract = {Online stores can present a different price to each customer. Such algorithmic personalised pricing can lead to advanced forms of price discrimination based on the characteristics and behaviour of individual consumers. We conducted two consumer surveys among a representative sample of the Dutch population (N=1233 and N=1202), to analyse consumer attitudes towards a list of examples of price discrimination and dynamic pricing. A vast majority finds online price discrimination unfair and unacceptable, and thinks it should be banned. However, some pricing strategies that have been used by companies for decades are almost equally unpopular. We analyse the results to better understand why people dislike many types of price discrimination.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Online stores can present a different price to each customer. Such algorithmic personalised pricing can lead to advanced forms of price discrimination based on the characteristics and behaviour of individual consumers. We conducted two consumer surveys among a representative sample of the Dutch population (N=1233 and N=1202), to analyse consumer attitudes towards a list of examples of price discrimination and dynamic pricing. A vast majority finds online price discrimination unfair and unacceptable, and thinks it should be banned. However, some pricing strategies that have been used by companies for decades are almost equally unpopular. We analyse the results to better understand why people dislike many types of price discrimination. |
| McGonagle, T. Annotatie bij EHRM 28 augustus 2018 (Savva Terentyyev / Rusland) European Human Rights Cases, (1), pp. 10-14, 2019. @article{McGonagle2019b, title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 28 augustus 2018 (Savva Terentyyev / Rusland)}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_EHRC_2019_1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-12}, journal = {European Human Rights Cases}, number = {1}, pages = {10-14}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Thije, P. ten Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Thije2019b, title = {Bastei L\"{u}bbe: “Fundamental Rights as a defence to circumvent enforcement of Copyright protection? No!”, says CJEU.}, author = {Thije, P. ten}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/02/11/bastei-lubbe-fundamental-rights-as-a-defence-to-circumvent-enforcement-of-copyright-protection-no-says-cjeu/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-12}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Til, G. van The Netherlands in 'Automating Society – Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU' 2019. @techreport{Til2019, title = {The Netherlands in 'Automating Society \textendash Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU'}, author = {Til, G. van}, editor = {Spielkamp, M.S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/automating_society_report_2019/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-11}, booktitle = {Automating Society \textendash Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU}, pages = {93-102}, publisher = {AlgorithmWatch & Bertelsmann Stiftung}, edition = {1}, abstract = {Systems for automated decision-making or decision support (ADM) are on the rise in EU countries: Profiling job applicants based on their personal emails in Finland, allocating treatment for patients in the public health system in Italy, sorting the unemployed in Poland, automatically identifying children vulnerable to neglect in Denmark, detecting welfare fraud in the Netherlands, credit scoring systems in many EU countries \textendash the range of applications has broadened to almost all aspects of daily life. This begs a lot of questions: Do we need new laws? Do we need new oversight institutions? Who do we fund to develop answers to the challenges ahead? Where should we invest? How do we enable citizens \textendash patients, employees, consumers \textendash to deal with this? For the report “Automating Society \textendash Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU”, our experts have looked at the situation at the EU level but also in 12 Member States: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. We assessed not only the political discussions and initiatives in these countries but also present a section “ADM in Action” for all states, listing examples of automated decision-making already in use. This is the first time a comprehensive study has been done on the state of automated decision-making in Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Systems for automated decision-making or decision support (ADM) are on the rise in EU countries: Profiling job applicants based on their personal emails in Finland, allocating treatment for patients in the public health system in Italy, sorting the unemployed in Poland, automatically identifying children vulnerable to neglect in Denmark, detecting welfare fraud in the Netherlands, credit scoring systems in many EU countries – the range of applications has broadened to almost all aspects of daily life. This begs a lot of questions: Do we need new laws? Do we need new oversight institutions? Who do we fund to develop answers to the challenges ahead? Where should we invest? How do we enable citizens – patients, employees, consumers – to deal with this? For the report “Automating Society – Taking Stock of Automated Decision-Making in the EU”, our experts have looked at the situation at the EU level but also in 12 Member States: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the UK. We assessed not only the political discussions and initiatives in these countries but also present a section “ADM in Action” for all states, listing examples of automated decision-making already in use. This is the first time a comprehensive study has been done on the state of automated decision-making in Europe. |
| Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. Discrimination, artificial intelligence, and algorithmic decision-making , 2019. @techreport{Borgesius2019, title = {Discrimination, artificial intelligence, and algorithmic decision-making}, author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/discrimination-artificial-intelligence-and-algorithmic-decision-making/1680925d73}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-08}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {This report, written for the Anti-discrimination department of the Council of Europe, concerns discrimination caused by algorithmic decision-making and other types of artificial intelligence (AI). AI advances important goals, such as efficiency, health and economic growth but it can also have discriminatory effects, for instance when AI systems learn from biased human decisions. In the public and the private sector, organisations can take AI-driven decisions with farreaching effects for people. Public sector bodies can use AI for predictive policing for example, or for making decisions on eligibility for pension payments, housing assistance or unemployment benefits. In the private sector, AI can be used to select job applicants, and banks can use AI to decide whether to grant individual consumers credit and set interest rates for them. Moreover, many small decisions, taken together, can have large effects. By way of illustration, AI-driven price discrimination could lead to certain groups in society consistently paying more. The most relevant legal tools to mitigate the risks of AI-driven discrimination are nondiscrimination law and data protection law. If effectively enforced, both these legal tools could help to fight illegal discrimination. Council of Europe member States, human rights monitoring bodies, such as the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, and Equality Bodies should aim for better enforcement of current nondiscrimination norms. But AI also opens the way for new types of unfair differentiation (some might say discrimination) that escape current laws. Most non-discrimination statutes apply only to discrimination on the basis of protected characteristics, such as skin colour. Such statutes do not apply if an AI system invents new classes, which do not correlate with protected characteristics, to differentiate between people. Such differentiation could still be unfair, however, for instance when it reinforces social inequality. We probably need additional regulation to protect fairness and human rights in the area of AI. But regulating AI in general is not the right approach, as the use of AI systems is too varied for one set of rules. In different sectors, different values are at stake, and different problems arise. Therefore, sector-specific rules should be considered. More research and debate are needed. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This report, written for the Anti-discrimination department of the Council of Europe, concerns discrimination caused by algorithmic decision-making and other types of artificial intelligence (AI). AI advances important goals, such as efficiency, health and economic growth but it can also have discriminatory effects, for instance when AI systems learn from biased human decisions. In the public and the private sector, organisations can take AI-driven decisions with farreaching effects for people. Public sector bodies can use AI for predictive policing for example, or for making decisions on eligibility for pension payments, housing assistance or unemployment benefits. In the private sector, AI can be used to select job applicants, and banks can use AI to decide whether to grant individual consumers credit and set interest rates for them. Moreover, many small decisions, taken together, can have large effects. By way of illustration, AI-driven price discrimination could lead to certain groups in society consistently paying more. The most relevant legal tools to mitigate the risks of AI-driven discrimination are nondiscrimination law and data protection law. If effectively enforced, both these legal tools could help to fight illegal discrimination. Council of Europe member States, human rights monitoring bodies, such as the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, and Equality Bodies should aim for better enforcement of current nondiscrimination norms. But AI also opens the way for new types of unfair differentiation (some might say discrimination) that escape current laws. Most non-discrimination statutes apply only to discrimination on the basis of protected characteristics, such as skin colour. Such statutes do not apply if an AI system invents new classes, which do not correlate with protected characteristics, to differentiate between people. Such differentiation could still be unfair, however, for instance when it reinforces social inequality. We probably need additional regulation to protect fairness and human rights in the area of AI. But regulating AI in general is not the right approach, as the use of AI systems is too varied for one set of rules. In different sectors, different values are at stake, and different problems arise. Therefore, sector-specific rules should be considered. More research and debate are needed. |
| Fahy, R., van Eijk, N., van Hoboken, J. Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An Analysis of SEC Disclosures Journal of Business & Technology Law , 14 (1), 2019. @article{Fahy2019e, title = {Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An Analysis of SEC Disclosures}, author = {Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J. and van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/jbtl/vol14/iss1/4/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-02-06}, journal = {Journal of Business & Technology Law }, volume = {14}, number = {1}, abstract = {This Article systematically examines the dependence of mobile apps on mobile platforms for the collection and use of personal information through an analysis of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings of mobile app companies. The Article uses these disclosures to find systematic evidence of how app business models are shaped by the governance of user data by mobile platforms, in order to reflect on the role of platforms in privacy regulation more generally. The analysis of SEC filings documented in the Article produces new and unique insights into the data practices and data-related aspects of the business models of popular mobile apps and shows the value of SEC filings for privacy law and policy research more generally. The discussion of SEC filings and privacy builds on regulatory developments in SEC disclosures and cybersecurity of the last decade. The Article also connects to recent regulatory developments in the U.S. and Europe, including the General Data Protection Regulation, the proposals for a new ePrivacy Regulation and a Regulation of fairness in business-to-platform relations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This Article systematically examines the dependence of mobile apps on mobile platforms for the collection and use of personal information through an analysis of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings of mobile app companies. The Article uses these disclosures to find systematic evidence of how app business models are shaped by the governance of user data by mobile platforms, in order to reflect on the role of platforms in privacy regulation more generally. The analysis of SEC filings documented in the Article produces new and unique insights into the data practices and data-related aspects of the business models of popular mobile apps and shows the value of SEC filings for privacy law and policy research more generally. The discussion of SEC filings and privacy builds on regulatory developments in SEC disclosures and cybersecurity of the last decade. The Article also connects to recent regulatory developments in the U.S. and Europe, including the General Data Protection Regulation, the proposals for a new ePrivacy Regulation and a Regulation of fairness in business-to-platform relations. |
| Schroff, S. An alternative universe? Authors as copyright owners- the case of the Japanese Manga Industry Creative Industries Journal, 2019 , 2019. @article{Schroff2019, title = {An alternative universe? Authors as copyright owners- the case of the Japanese Manga Industry}, author = {Schroff, S.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17510694.2018.1563420}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-31}, journal = {Creative Industries Journal}, volume = {2019}, abstract = {Comics today are a major business and they form the source material for a whole range of sectors in the creative industries. In an environment where major investments are necessary to turn a comic into a cross-media success, commercial intermediaries such as Disney have become the key copyright holders. By controlling the copyright, they ensure full control over all aspects of its monetisation. However, this is not the only way success can be achieved on a commercial scale. In Japan, the creators of comics (Mangaka) keep their copyright- a direct contradiction to current copyright thinking. This paper addresses this conundrum by examining both the Manga business and copyright law to identify if the reasons why copyright is not centralised in the hands of the commercial intermediary, especially the publishers. The analysis will show that while there are differences between Japan and the EU/US, but these do not affect the role of copyright law and indeed failing to acquire the rights is a choice, not a necessity. Instead, this article will highlight that the competitive Manga market in combination with the uniquely Japanese publication right and social control best explain why Mangas are successful and Mangaka keep their rights.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Comics today are a major business and they form the source material for a whole range of sectors in the creative industries. In an environment where major investments are necessary to turn a comic into a cross-media success, commercial intermediaries such as Disney have become the key copyright holders. By controlling the copyright, they ensure full control over all aspects of its monetisation. However, this is not the only way success can be achieved on a commercial scale. In Japan, the creators of comics (Mangaka) keep their copyright- a direct contradiction to current copyright thinking. This paper addresses this conundrum by examining both the Manga business and copyright law to identify if the reasons why copyright is not centralised in the hands of the commercial intermediary, especially the publishers. The analysis will show that while there are differences between Japan and the EU/US, but these do not affect the role of copyright law and indeed failing to acquire the rights is a choice, not a necessity. Instead, this article will highlight that the competitive Manga market in combination with the uniquely Japanese publication right and social control best explain why Mangas are successful and Mangaka keep their rights. |
| Mil, J. van German BGH – Does YouTube Perform Acts of Communication to the Public? Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018 , 2019. @article{Mil2019, title = {German BGH \textendash Does YouTube Perform Acts of Communication to the Public?}, author = {Mil, J. van}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/01/27/german-bgh-does-youtube-perform-acts-of-communication-to-the-public/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-29}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Annotatie bij Rb. Amsterdam 27 augustus 2018 (Rutten / RF Mediaproducties) AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 257, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019b, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Amsterdam 27 augustus 2018 (Rutten / RF Mediaproducties)}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_6_257.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-18}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {257}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Annotatie bij Rb. Overijssel 12 juni 2018 (Eiser / Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 259-260, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019c, title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Overijssel 12 juni 2018 (Eiser / Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_6_259.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-18}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {259-260}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P., Lindhout, P., Poort, J., Til, G. van 2019, (Study requested by the CULT Committee, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, PE 629.186, European Parliament - January 2019). @techreport{Poort2019, title = {Film Financing and the Digital Single Market: its Future, the Role of Territoriality and New Models of Financing}, author = {Poort, J. and Hugenholtz, P. and Lindhout, P. and Til, G. van}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IPOL_STU2019629186_EN.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-17}, abstract = {This report studies the role of territoriality in film financing, the legal and market challenges territoriality faces as a key model for film financing and the consequences if EU policies were to reduce or mitigate the scope of territorial exclusivity in the audiovisual sector. It provides information on Member States’ and EU models of film financing, explores the challenges film financing faces from digital developments and evolving consumer behaviour and analyses possible alternatives to traditional methods of financing and policies to support this.}, note = {Study requested by the CULT Committee, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, PE 629.186, European Parliament - January 2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } This report studies the role of territoriality in film financing, the legal and market challenges territoriality faces as a key model for film financing and the consequences if EU policies were to reduce or mitigate the scope of territorial exclusivity in the audiovisual sector. It provides information on Member States’ and EU models of film financing, explores the challenges film financing faces from digital developments and evolving consumer behaviour and analyses possible alternatives to traditional methods of financing and policies to support this. |
| Bodó, B., Handke, Christian W., Quintais, J. Truce in the Copyright War? The Pros and Cons of Copyright Compensation Systems for Digital Use Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, 15 (2), pp. 23-56, 2019. @article{HandkeBodoQuintais2018, title = {Truce in the Copyright War? The Pros and Cons of Copyright Compensation Systems for Digital Use }, author = {Handke, Christian W. and Quintais, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. }, url = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=3311019 }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-16}, journal = {Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {23-56}, abstract = {This paper discusses copyright compensation systems (CCS) -- that provide licenses for downloading and non-commercial use of copyright works in return for a fee -- in the light of welfare economics and transaction cost economics. Recent empirical studies suggest that CCS could improve social welfare at least for recorded music. The general theme of the theoretical discussion in this paper is a simplicity-flexibility trade-off. On the one hand, CCS seek to reduce the costs of administering and trading copyrights online. On the other hand, standard copyright licenses distort the market mechanism. This paper discusses the costs and benefits of various CCS proposals compared to alternative ways of managing copyright online. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper discusses copyright compensation systems (CCS) -- that provide licenses for downloading and non-commercial use of copyright works in return for a fee -- in the light of welfare economics and transaction cost economics. Recent empirical studies suggest that CCS could improve social welfare at least for recorded music. The general theme of the theoretical discussion in this paper is a simplicity-flexibility trade-off. On the one hand, CCS seek to reduce the costs of administering and trading copyrights online. On the other hand, standard copyright licenses distort the market mechanism. This paper discusses the costs and benefits of various CCS proposals compared to alternative ways of managing copyright online. |
| Bodó, B., Ferrari, V., Giannopoulou, A., Quintais, J. Blockchain and the Law: A Critical Evaluation Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy, 2 (1), 2019. @article{Quintais2019b, title = {Blockchain and the Law: A Critical Evaluation}, author = {Quintais, J. and Bod\'{o}, B. and Giannopoulou, A. and Ferrari, V.}, url = {https://stanford-jblp.pubpub.org/pub/blockchain-and-law-evaluation}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-16}, journal = {Stanford Journal of Blockchain Law & Policy}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Gompel, S. Ten geleide: 'A je to!' 25 jaar Wet op de naburige rechten AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 235, 2019. @article{vanGompel2019, title = {Ten geleide: 'A je to!' 25 jaar Wet op de naburige rechten}, author = {van Gompel, S.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2018_6.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {235}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. De naburige rechten hebben hun tijd gehad AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 243-244, 2019. @article{Hugenholtz2019, title = {De naburige rechten hebben hun tijd gehad}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2018_6-3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {243-244}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Gervais, D.J. Related rights in United States law AMI, 2018 (6), pp. 245-251, 2019. @article{Gervais2019, title = {Related rights in United States law}, author = {Gervais, D.J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AMI_2018_6-2.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {245-251}, abstract = {This article explains the origin of the rights of performers, sound recording producers, audiovisual producers and broadcasters in the United States. As US law does not formally recognize a category of ‘related rights’, some of those rights exist under copyright law and are, therefore, subject to copyright rules such as the originality requirement, the possibility for authors to claim rights back 35 years after a transfer by contract, and the work-made-for-hire doctrine. Other rights are protected under different statutes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article explains the origin of the rights of performers, sound recording producers, audiovisual producers and broadcasters in the United States. As US law does not formally recognize a category of ‘related rights’, some of those rights exist under copyright law and are, therefore, subject to copyright rules such as the originality requirement, the possibility for authors to claim rights back 35 years after a transfer by contract, and the work-made-for-hire doctrine. Other rights are protected under different statutes. |
| McGonagle, T. Agreement of the [Dutch] Steering Group on Aggression and Violence against Journalists 2019. @techreport{McGonagle2019, title = {Agreement of the [Dutch] Steering Group on Aggression and Violence against Journalists}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Agreement-of-the-Steering-Group-on-Aggression-and-violence-against-journalists-EN-translation.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-11}, abstract = {Unofficial translation by T. McGonagle of "Akkoord Stuurgroep Agressie en geweld tegen journalisten", July 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Unofficial translation by T. McGonagle of "Akkoord Stuurgroep Agressie en geweld tegen journalisten", July 2018 |
| Jütte, B.J., Quintais, J. Thou shalt not sample...without permission! Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2019 , 2019. @article{Quintais2019, title = {Thou shalt not sample...without permission!}, author = {Quintais, J. and J\"{u}tte, B.J.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2019/01/02/thou-shalt-not-sample-without-permission/}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, volume = {2019}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Korthals Altes, W. Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 165, 2019, (Opinie). @article{Altes2019, title = {Het is allemaal fake}, author = {Korthals Altes, W.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Mediaforum_2018_6.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {165}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Nieuwenhuis, A. Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 166-170, 2019. @article{Nieuwenhuis2019, title = {Fake news: een plaatsbepaling}, author = {Nieuwenhuis, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6-1.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {166-170}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hins, A. De taak van sociale media bij het bestrijden van desinformatie Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 171-175, 2019. @article{Hins2019, title = {De taak van sociale media bij het bestrijden van desinformatie}, author = {Hins, A.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6-2.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {171-175}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 185-189, 2019. @article{Coche2019, title = {'Fake news' en desinformatie in Belgi\"{e}: weinig zorgen, problemen voor morgen?: Een analyse van dit mediafenomeen in Belgi\"{e}}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6-3.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {185-189}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| M. Klus, Plaizier, C. 'Nepnieuws' in Nederland: verschijningsvormen van en potentiële oplossingen voor dit containerbegrip Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 190-193, 2019. @article{Plaizier2019, title = {'Nepnieuws' in Nederland: verschijningsvormen van en potenti\"{e}le oplossingen voor dit containerbegrip}, author = {Plaizier, C. and M. Klus}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6-4.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-10}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {190-193}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bodó, B., Eskens, S., Helberger, N., Möller, J. Digital Journalism, 7 (2), pp. 206-229, 2019. @article{Bod\'{o}2019, title = {Interested in diversity: The role of user attitudes, algorithmic feedback loops, and policy in news personalization}, author = {Bod\'{o}, B. and Helberger, N. and Eskens, S. and M\"{o}ller, J.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292}, doi = {10.1080/21670811.2018.1521292}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-08}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {206-229}, abstract = {Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users are more exposed to personalized news and show little concern about diverse news recommendations. Quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust are incentivized to implement personalization algorithms that aim for diversity and high quality recommendations. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to solve that issue.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Using survey evidence from the Netherlands, we explore the factors that influence news readers’ attitudes toward news personalization. We show that the value of personalization depends on commonly overlooked factors, such as concerns about a shared news sphere, and the diversity of recommendations. However, these expectations are not universal. Younger, less educated users are more exposed to personalized news and show little concern about diverse news recommendations. Quality news organizations that pursue reader loyalty and trust are incentivized to implement personalization algorithms that aim for diversity and high quality recommendations. However, some users are in danger of being left out of this positive feedback loop. We make specific policy suggestions regarding how to solve that issue. |
| Thije, P. ten Online platforms and the advertising industry deliver EU Code of Practice on disinformation IRIS Newsletter , 2019. @article{tenThije2019a, title = {Online platforms and the advertising industry deliver EU Code of Practice on disinformation}, author = {Thije, P. ten}, url = {https://merlin.obs.coe.int/iris/2019/1/article7.en.html}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, urldate = {2019-01-14}, journal = {IRIS Newsletter }, organization = {IRIS Newsletter & Merlin Database}, abstract = {The newsletter and Merlin Database entry describe the most recent European Union Code of Practice on disinformation and fake news. The code of practice was created by online platforms such as Google and Facebook and the advertising industry to counter fake news online.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The newsletter and Merlin Database entry describe the most recent European Union Code of Practice on disinformation and fake news. The code of practice was created by online platforms such as Google and Facebook and the advertising industry to counter fake news online. |
| McGonagle, T. De Raad van Europa en online desinformatie: laveren tussen zorgen en zorgplichten? Mediaforum, 2018 (6), pp. 180-184, 2018. @article{McGonagle2018g, title = {De Raad van Europa en online desinformatie: laveren tussen zorgen en zorgplichten?}, author = {McGonagle, T.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2018_6.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-18}, journal = {Mediaforum}, volume = {2018}, number = {6}, pages = {180-184}, abstract = {Na alle hype rondom ‘fake news’, lijkt het gebruik van de term nu een behoorlijke terugslag te krijgen. Waar ‘fake news’ in 2016 en 2017 in rap tempo tot een buzz word was uitgegroeid, lijkt het inmiddels een vies woord te zijn geworden. Het heeft een militante connotatie gekregen en wordt in toenemende mate gebruikt om kritische journalisten en media te beschuldigen van het verspreiden van valse berichten, en daarmee hun werk en reputatie te ondermijnen. Daarom wordt steeds vaker de term desinformatie gebruikt als vervanger van ‘fake news’. Dit artikel staat stil bij deze terminologische verschuiving en legt uit waarom het van belang is afstand te nemen van de term ‘fake news’. Vervolgens wordt de angst voor schadelijke gevolgen van ‘fake news’ of desinformatie met de nodige nuchterheid geanalyseerd. Is er reden voor zorg en zo ja, welke juridische, politieke en praktische maatregelen heeft de Raad van Europa tot haar beschikking om (online) desinformatie tegen te gaan? Verder wordt ook onderzocht of, en in hoeverre, deze maatregelen hun grondslag vinden in de (negatieve en) positieve verplichtingen van Verdragspartijen bij het EVRM. Het artikel sluit af met een conclusie en enkele aanbevelingen voor het ontmantelen en het terugdringen van online desinformatie. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Na alle hype rondom ‘fake news’, lijkt het gebruik van de term nu een behoorlijke terugslag te krijgen. Waar ‘fake news’ in 2016 en 2017 in rap tempo tot een buzz word was uitgegroeid, lijkt het inmiddels een vies woord te zijn geworden. Het heeft een militante connotatie gekregen en wordt in toenemende mate gebruikt om kritische journalisten en media te beschuldigen van het verspreiden van valse berichten, en daarmee hun werk en reputatie te ondermijnen. Daarom wordt steeds vaker de term desinformatie gebruikt als vervanger van ‘fake news’. Dit artikel staat stil bij deze terminologische verschuiving en legt uit waarom het van belang is afstand te nemen van de term ‘fake news’. Vervolgens wordt de angst voor schadelijke gevolgen van ‘fake news’ of desinformatie met de nodige nuchterheid geanalyseerd. Is er reden voor zorg en zo ja, welke juridische, politieke en praktische maatregelen heeft de Raad van Europa tot haar beschikking om (online) desinformatie tegen te gaan? Verder wordt ook onderzocht of, en in hoeverre, deze maatregelen hun grondslag vinden in de (negatieve en) positieve verplichtingen van Verdragspartijen bij het EVRM. Het artikel sluit af met een conclusie en enkele aanbevelingen voor het ontmantelen en het terugdringen van online desinformatie. |
| Breemen, J., Breemen, V. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 149 , pp. 8747-8749, 2018. @article{Breemen2018g, title = {Kroniek Mediarecht}, author = {Breemen, J. and Breemen, V.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_149_mediarecht.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-14}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {149}, pages = {8747-8749}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2018 (149), pp. 8749-8751, 2018. @article{vanEijk2018m, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_149_telecom.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-14}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2018}, number = {149}, pages = {8749-8751}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi, 2018 (146), pp. 8749-8751, 2018. @article{vanEijk2018l, title = {Kroniek Telecommunicatierecht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/AA_149.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-07}, journal = {KwartaalSignaal Ars Aequi}, volume = {2018}, number = {146}, pages = {8749-8751}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Coche, E. Kluwer Copyright Blog, 2018. @article{Coche2018h, title = {‘Hommage au fromage’ or how the CJEU said farewell to Heks’nkaas by excluding copyright protection for works of taste}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {http://copyrightblog.kluweriplaw.com/2018/12/05/hommage-au-fromage-or-how-the-cjeu-said-farewell-to-heksnkaas-by-excluding-copyright-protection-for-works-of-taste/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-05}, journal = {Kluwer Copyright Blog}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Harambam, J. Sociologie, 13 (1), pp. 73-92, 2018, ISSN: 1875-7138. @article{Harambam2017, title = {De/politisering van de Waarheid: Complottheorie\"{e}n, alternatieve feiten en nepnieuws in het tijdperk van de postwaarheid}, author = {Harambam, J. }, url = {https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/aup/soc/2017/00000013/00000001/art00007#}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5117/SOC2017.1.HARA}, issn = {1875-7138}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-23}, journal = {Sociologie}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {73-92}, abstract = {The Truth dominates many public discussions today. Conventional truths from established epistemic authorities about all sorts of issues, from climate change to terrorist attacks, are increasingly challenged by ordinary citizens and presidents alike. Many have therefore proclaimed that we have entered a post-truth era: a world in which objective facts are no longer relevant. Media and politics speak in alarmist discourse about how fake news, conspiracy theories and alternative facts threaten democratic societies by destabilizing the Truth ‐ a clear sign of a moral panic. In this essay, I firstly explore what sociological changes have led to (so much commotion about) the alleged demise of the Truth. In contrast to the idea that we have moved beyond it, I argue that we are amidst public battles about the Truth: at stake is who gets to decide over that and why. I then discuss and criticize the dominant counter reaction (re-establishing the idea of one objective and irrefutable truth), which I see as an unsuccessful de-politisation strategy. Basing myself on research and experiments with epistemic democracy in the field of science studies, I end with a more effective and democratic alternative of how to deal with knowledge in the complex information landscape of today.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Truth dominates many public discussions today. Conventional truths from established epistemic authorities about all sorts of issues, from climate change to terrorist attacks, are increasingly challenged by ordinary citizens and presidents alike. Many have therefore proclaimed that we have entered a post-truth era: a world in which objective facts are no longer relevant. Media and politics speak in alarmist discourse about how fake news, conspiracy theories and alternative facts threaten democratic societies by destabilizing the Truth ‐ a clear sign of a moral panic. In this essay, I firstly explore what sociological changes have led to (so much commotion about) the alleged demise of the Truth. In contrast to the idea that we have moved beyond it, I argue that we are amidst public battles about the Truth: at stake is who gets to decide over that and why. I then discuss and criticize the dominant counter reaction (re-establishing the idea of one objective and irrefutable truth), which I see as an unsuccessful de-politisation strategy. Basing myself on research and experiments with epistemic democracy in the field of science studies, I end with a more effective and democratic alternative of how to deal with knowledge in the complex information landscape of today. |
| Harambam, J., Helberger, N., van Hoboken, J. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 376 (2135), pp. 1-21, 2018, ISBN: 1364–503X. @article{Harambam2018b, title = {Democratizing algorithmic news recommenders: how to materialize voice in a technologically saturated media ecosystem}, author = {Harambam, J. and Helberger, N. and van Hoboken, J.}, url = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roypta/376/2133/20180088.full.pdf }, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0088}, isbn = {1364\textendash503X}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-23}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A}, volume = {376}, number = {2135}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {The deployment of various forms of AI, most notably of machine learning algorithms, radically transforms many domains of social life. In this paper we focus on the news industry, where different algorithms are used to customize news offerings to increasingly specific audience preferences. While this personalization of news enables media organizations to be more receptive to their audience, it can be questioned whether current deployments of algorithmic news recommenders (ANR) live up to their emancipatory promise. Like in various other domains, people have little knowledge of what personal data is used and how such algorithmic curation comes about, let alone that they have any concrete ways to influence these data-driven processes. Instead of going down the intricate avenue of trying to make ANR more transparent, we explore in this article ways to give people more influence over the information news recommendation algorithms provide by thinking about and enabling possibilities to express voice. After differentiating four ideal typical modalities of expressing voice (alternation, awareness, adjustment and obfuscation) which are illustrated with currently existing empirical examples, we present and argue for algorithmic recommender personae as a way for people to take more control over the algorithms that curate people's news provision.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The deployment of various forms of AI, most notably of machine learning algorithms, radically transforms many domains of social life. In this paper we focus on the news industry, where different algorithms are used to customize news offerings to increasingly specific audience preferences. While this personalization of news enables media organizations to be more receptive to their audience, it can be questioned whether current deployments of algorithmic news recommenders (ANR) live up to their emancipatory promise. Like in various other domains, people have little knowledge of what personal data is used and how such algorithmic curation comes about, let alone that they have any concrete ways to influence these data-driven processes. Instead of going down the intricate avenue of trying to make ANR more transparent, we explore in this article ways to give people more influence over the information news recommendation algorithms provide by thinking about and enabling possibilities to express voice. After differentiating four ideal typical modalities of expressing voice (alternation, awareness, adjustment and obfuscation) which are illustrated with currently existing empirical examples, we present and argue for algorithmic recommender personae as a way for people to take more control over the algorithms that curate people's news provision. |
| Irion, K., Oostveen, M. The Golden Age of Personal Data: How to Regulate an Enabling Fundamental Right? In: Bakhoum M., Conde Gallego B., Mackenrodt MO., Surblytė-Namavičienė G. (eds) Personal Data in Competition, Consumer Protection and Intellectual Property Law. MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2018. @inbook{Oostveen2018, title = {The Golden Age of Personal Data: How to Regulate an Enabling Fundamental Right?}, author = {Oostveen, M. and Irion, K.}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-57646-5_2}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-20}, publisher = {In: Bakhoum M., Conde Gallego B., Mackenrodt MO., Surblyt\.{e}-Namavi\v{c}ien\.{e} G. (eds) Personal Data in Competition, Consumer Protection and Intellectual Property Law. MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg}, abstract = {New technologies, purposes and applications to process individuals’ personal data are being developed on a massive scale. But we have not only entered the ‘golden age of personal data’ in terms of its exploitation: ours is also the ‘golden age of personal data’ in terms of regulation of its use. Understood as an enabling right, the architecture of EU data protection law is capable of protecting against many of the negative short- and long-term effects of contemporary data processing. Against the backdrop of big data applications, we evaluate how the implementation of privacy and data protection rules protect against the short- and long-term effects of contemporary data processing. We conclude that from the perspective of protecting individual fundamental rights and freedoms, it would be worthwhile to explore alternative (legal) approaches instead of relying on EU data protection law alone to cope with contemporary data processing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } New technologies, purposes and applications to process individuals’ personal data are being developed on a massive scale. But we have not only entered the ‘golden age of personal data’ in terms of its exploitation: ours is also the ‘golden age of personal data’ in terms of regulation of its use. Understood as an enabling right, the architecture of EU data protection law is capable of protecting against many of the negative short- and long-term effects of contemporary data processing. Against the backdrop of big data applications, we evaluate how the implementation of privacy and data protection rules protect against the short- and long-term effects of contemporary data processing. We conclude that from the perspective of protecting individual fundamental rights and freedoms, it would be worthwhile to explore alternative (legal) approaches instead of relying on EU data protection law alone to cope with contemporary data processing. |
| Coche, E. Internet Policy Review, 2018 (4), 2018. @article{Coche2018g, title = {Privatised enforcement and the right to freedom of expression in a world confronted with terrorism propaganda online}, author = {Coche, E.}, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/privatised-enforcement-and-right-freedom-expression-world-confronted-terrorism}, doi = {10.14763/2018.4.1382}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-06}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {2018}, number = {4}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to explore the risks of privatised enforcement in the field of terrorism propaganda, stemming from the EU Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online. By shedding light on this Code, the author argues that implementation of it may undermine the rule of law and give rise to private censorship. In order to outweigh these risks, IT companies should improve their transparency, especially towards users whose content have been affected. Where automated means are used, the companies should always have in place some form of human intervention in order to contextualise posts. At the EU level, the Commission should provide IT companies with clearer guidelines regarding their liability exemption under the e-Commerce Directive. This would help prevent a race-to-the bottom where intermediaries choose to interpret and apply the most stringent national laws in order to secure at utmost their liability. The paper further articulates on the fine line that exists between ‘terrorist content’ and ‘illegal hate speech’ and the need for more detailed definitions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this paper is to explore the risks of privatised enforcement in the field of terrorism propaganda, stemming from the EU Code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online. By shedding light on this Code, the author argues that implementation of it may undermine the rule of law and give rise to private censorship. In order to outweigh these risks, IT companies should improve their transparency, especially towards users whose content have been affected. Where automated means are used, the companies should always have in place some form of human intervention in order to contextualise posts. At the EU level, the Commission should provide IT companies with clearer guidelines regarding their liability exemption under the e-Commerce Directive. This would help prevent a race-to-the bottom where intermediaries choose to interpret and apply the most stringent national laws in order to secure at utmost their liability. The paper further articulates on the fine line that exists between ‘terrorist content’ and ‘illegal hate speech’ and the need for more detailed definitions. |
| Irion, K., Jusić, T. Budapest/ New York: CEU Press, 2018, 2018, ISBN: 978-963-386-259-9. @book{Jusi\'{c}2018, title = {Media Constrained by Context: International Assistance and the Transition to Democratic Media in the Western Balkans}, author = {Jusi\'{c}, T. and Irion, K.}, url = {http://ceupress.com/book/media-constrained-context}, isbn = {978-963-386-259-9}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-31}, publisher = {Budapest/ New York: CEU Press, 2018}, abstract = {This book compares the results of twenty years of international media assistance in the five countries of the western Balkans. It asks what happens to imported models when they are applied to newly evolving media systems in societies in transition. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Serbia undertook a range of media reforms to conform with accession requirements of the European Union and the standards of the Council of Europe, among others. The essays explore the nexus between the democratic transformation of the media and international media assistance in these countries. The cross-national analysis concludes that the effects of international assistance are highly constrained by local contexts. In hindsight it becomes clear that escalating media assistance does not necessarily improve outcomes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } This book compares the results of twenty years of international media assistance in the five countries of the western Balkans. It asks what happens to imported models when they are applied to newly evolving media systems in societies in transition. Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Serbia undertook a range of media reforms to conform with accession requirements of the European Union and the standards of the Council of Europe, among others. The essays explore the nexus between the democratic transformation of the media and international media assistance in these countries. The cross-national analysis concludes that the effects of international assistance are highly constrained by local contexts. In hindsight it becomes clear that escalating media assistance does not necessarily improve outcomes. |
| Granger, M.-P., Irion, K. The right to protection of personal data: the new posterchild of European Union citizenship? Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, (See also: https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788113434/9781788113434.xml). @inbook{Irion2018c, title = {The right to protection of personal data: the new posterchild of European Union citizenship?}, author = {Irion, K. and Granger, M.-P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/The-right-to-protection-of-personal-data-prepub.pdf}, doi = {10.4337/9781788113441.00019}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-31}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, abstract = {In this chapter we argue that the right to data protection is the posterchild of EU citizenship in the digital era. We start by providing a brief overview of the gradual construction of the right to personal data protection in the EU. We then identify a range of actors who have played a particular role in the building process, including EU citizens themselves. Next, we review the current legal ‘architecture’ of the right to the protection of personal data and discuss whether it could serve as a model for the future development of EU citizenship, notwithstanding remaining challenges at the level of national implementation and public and private compliance with EU rules. Finally, we reflect on the future of the right to data protection, and its contribution to the development of EU citizenship as a legal regime.}, note = {See also: https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788113434/9781788113434.xml}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } In this chapter we argue that the right to data protection is the posterchild of EU citizenship in the digital era. We start by providing a brief overview of the gradual construction of the right to personal data protection in the EU. We then identify a range of actors who have played a particular role in the building process, including EU citizens themselves. Next, we review the current legal ‘architecture’ of the right to the protection of personal data and discuss whether it could serve as a model for the future development of EU citizenship, notwithstanding remaining challenges at the level of national implementation and public and private compliance with EU rules. Finally, we reflect on the future of the right to data protection, and its contribution to the development of EU citizenship as a legal regime. |
| Dommering, E. Stedelijk is nog altijd beschadigd 2018, (Opinie in Het Parool, 23 oktober 2018.). @article{Dommering2018l, title = {Stedelijk is nog altijd beschadigd}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Opinie_Parool__23102018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-30}, note = {Opinie in Het Parool, 23 oktober 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Kabel, J. AMI, 2018 (5), pp. 203-206, 2018. @article{Kabel2018d, title = {Tentoonstellen van ongepubliceerde brieven: Annotatie bij Hof Amsterdam 6 februari 2018 (Anne Frank Stichting / Anne Frank-Fonds)}, author = {Kabel, J.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_5.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-30}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {5}, pages = {203-206}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. Annotatie bij Geschillencommissie Auteurscontractenrecht 27 juli 2018 (Soof 2) AMI, 2018 (5), pp. 213-215, 2018. @article{Hugenholtz2018h, title = {Annotatie bij Geschillencommissie Auteurscontractenrecht 27 juli 2018 (Soof 2)}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_AMI_2018_5-1.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-30}, journal = {AMI}, volume = {2018}, number = {5}, pages = {213-215}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Hugenholtz, P. The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum 2018. @misc{Hugenholtz2018g, title = {The WIPO Broadcasting Treaty. A Conceptual Conundrum}, author = {Hugenholtz, P.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Keynote_WIPO_Broadcasting_Treaty_2018.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-24}, abstract = {Keynote at KEI Seminar, Appraising the WIPO Broadcast Treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture, Geneva 3-4 October 2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {misc} } Keynote at KEI Seminar, Appraising the WIPO Broadcast Treaty and its Implications on Access to Culture, Geneva 3-4 October 2018 |
| Alén-Savikko, A., Apa, E., Bassini, M., Cabrera Blázquez, F.J., Cunningham, I., Etteldorf, C., Fahy, R., Granchet, A., Klimkiewicz, B., Polák, J., Prosser, T., Richter, A., Rodriguez, N. Media reporting: facts, nothing but facts? 2018, ISBN: 9789287188618, (IRIS Special, European Audiovisual Observatory: Strasbourg, 2018, 150 pp.). @techreport{Al\'{e}n-Savikko2018, title = {Media reporting: facts, nothing but facts?}, author = {Al\'{e}n-Savikko, A. and Apa, E. and Bassini, M. and Cabrera Bl\'{a}zquez, F.J. and Cunningham, I. and Etteldorf, C. and Granchet, A. and Klimkiewicz, B. and Fahy, R. and Pol\'{a}k, J. and Prosser, T. and Richter, A. and Rodriguez, N.}, url = {https://rm.coe.int/media-reporting-facts-nothing-but-facts/16808e3cda}, isbn = {9789287188618}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-24}, abstract = {Separating the facts from the fiction in today’s media is becoming mission impossible. In the era of the #fakenews hashtag, the internet, and the media in general, are concerned by the emergence of fiction which is sometimes much stranger than truth! So what rules and initiatives exist in Europe to help ensure the accuracy and objectivity of news and current affairs reporting? How far can the European and the various national legislators go to protect us from dubious reporting or at least ensure that codes of good conduct exist?}, note = {IRIS Special, European Audiovisual Observatory: Strasbourg, 2018, 150 pp.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Separating the facts from the fiction in today’s media is becoming mission impossible. In the era of the #fakenews hashtag, the internet, and the media in general, are concerned by the emergence of fiction which is sometimes much stranger than truth! So what rules and initiatives exist in Europe to help ensure the accuracy and objectivity of news and current affairs reporting? How far can the European and the various national legislators go to protect us from dubious reporting or at least ensure that codes of good conduct exist? |
| Helberger, N., Möller, J., Thurman, N., Trilling, D. My Friends, Editors, Algorithms, and I: Examining audience attitudes to news selection Digital Journalism, 2018 , 2018. @article{Thurman2018, title = {My Friends, Editors, Algorithms, and I: Examining audience attitudes to news selection}, author = {Thurman, N. and M\"{o}ller, J. and Helberger, N. and Trilling, D.}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1493936}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-19}, journal = {Digital Journalism}, volume = {2018}, abstract = {Prompted by the ongoing development of content personalization by social networks and mainstream news brands, and recent debates about balancing algorithmic and editorial selection, this study explores what audiences think about news selection mechanisms and why. Analysing data from a 26-country survey (N = 53,314), we report the extent to which audiences believe story selection by editors and story selection by algorithms are good ways to get news online and, using multi-level models, explore the relationships that exist between individuals’ characteristics and those beliefs. The results show that, collectively, audiences believe algorithmic selection guided by a user’s past consumption behaviour is a better way to get news than editorial curation. There are, however, significant variations in these beliefs at the individual level. Age, trust in news, concerns about privacy, mobile news access, paying for news, and six other variables had effects. Our results are partly in line with current general theory on algorithmic appreciation, but diverge in our findings on the relative appreciation of algorithms and experts, and in how the appreciation of algorithms can differ according to the data that drive them. We believe this divergence is partly due to our study’s focus on news, showing algorithmic appreciation has context-specific characteristics.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Prompted by the ongoing development of content personalization by social networks and mainstream news brands, and recent debates about balancing algorithmic and editorial selection, this study explores what audiences think about news selection mechanisms and why. Analysing data from a 26-country survey (N = 53,314), we report the extent to which audiences believe story selection by editors and story selection by algorithms are good ways to get news online and, using multi-level models, explore the relationships that exist between individuals’ characteristics and those beliefs. The results show that, collectively, audiences believe algorithmic selection guided by a user’s past consumption behaviour is a better way to get news than editorial curation. There are, however, significant variations in these beliefs at the individual level. Age, trust in news, concerns about privacy, mobile news access, paying for news, and six other variables had effects. Our results are partly in line with current general theory on algorithmic appreciation, but diverge in our findings on the relative appreciation of algorithms and experts, and in how the appreciation of algorithms can differ according to the data that drive them. We believe this divergence is partly due to our study’s focus on news, showing algorithmic appreciation has context-specific characteristics. |
| Irion, K., Williams, J. Dream of Californication: welcome to the Californian Consumer Privacy Act Internet Policy Review, 2018 , 2018. @article{Williams2018, title = {Dream of Californication: welcome to the Californian Consumer Privacy Act}, author = {Williams, J. and Irion, K. }, url = {https://policyreview.info/articles/news/dream-californication-welcome-californian-consumer-privacy-act/1351}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-16}, journal = {Internet Policy Review}, volume = {2018}, abstract = {The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), slated to enter into force on 1 January 2020, borrows some cutting edge ideas from the EU and others’ privacy regimes while also experimenting with new approaches to data privacy. Importantly, the CCPA envisages an online advertisement market in which business are prevented from “getting high on information,” 1 breaches are promptly notified, and consumers are autonomous participants with the ability to sell their data at will. Where the CCPA breaks new ground is in protecting consumers from retaliation for opting out of the sale of their data. Thus, if it lives up to its potential, the CCPA could catalyse a permanent restructuring of the online data mining business. Our contribution will shed light on the new CCPA and offer some observations in comparing it with EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), slated to enter into force on 1 January 2020, borrows some cutting edge ideas from the EU and others’ privacy regimes while also experimenting with new approaches to data privacy. Importantly, the CCPA envisages an online advertisement market in which business are prevented from “getting high on information,” 1 breaches are promptly notified, and consumers are autonomous participants with the ability to sell their data at will. Where the CCPA breaks new ground is in protecting consumers from retaliation for opting out of the sale of their data. Thus, if it lives up to its potential, the CCPA could catalyse a permanent restructuring of the online data mining business. Our contribution will shed light on the new CCPA and offer some observations in comparing it with EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). |
| van Daalen, O. Het privacy-argument tegen de Dopamine Machine Privacy & Informatierecht, 2018 (2), pp. 39-41, 2018. @article{vanDaalen2018b, title = {Het privacy-argument tegen de Dopamine Machine}, author = {van Daalen, O.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PrivacyInformatie_2018_2.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-12}, journal = {Privacy & Informatierecht}, volume = {2018}, number = {2}, pages = {39-41}, abstract = {De kinderen van Apple-baas Steve Jobs mochten geen iPad gebruiken. 1 Maar Jobs was niet de enige. Veel techies in Silicon Valley zijn zich bewust van de verslavende effecten van IT \textendash ze hebben de producten namelijk zelf ontwikkeld. En nu steeds meer spijtoptanten oproepen tot regulering van onlinediensten zoals Facebook, vraag ik me af: welke rol kan het privacyrecht daarbij spelen?}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } De kinderen van Apple-baas Steve Jobs mochten geen iPad gebruiken. 1 Maar Jobs was niet de enige. Veel techies in Silicon Valley zijn zich bewust van de verslavende effecten van IT – ze hebben de producten namelijk zelf ontwikkeld. En nu steeds meer spijtoptanten oproepen tot regulering van onlinediensten zoals Facebook, vraag ik me af: welke rol kan het privacyrecht daarbij spelen? |
| Araujo, T., Bol, N., Helberger, N., Kruikemeier, S., Oberski, D., Pechenizkiy, M., Schaap, G., Taylor, L., Vreese, C.H. de, Weert, J. van, Automated Decision-Making Fairness in an AI-driven World: Public Perceptions, Hopes and Concerns 2018. @techreport{Araujo2018, title = {Automated Decision-Making Fairness in an AI-driven World: Public Perceptions, Hopes and Concerns}, author = {Araujo, T. and Vreese, C.H. de and Helberger, N. and Kruikemeier, S. and Weert, J. van, and Bol, N. and Oberski, D. and Pechenizkiy, M. and Schaap, G. and Taylor, L.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Automated_Decision_Making_Fairness.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-05}, abstract = {Ongoing advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly part of scientific efforts as well as the public debate and the media agenda, raising hopes and concerns about the impact of automated decision making across different sectors of our society. This topic is receiving increasing attention at both national and cross- national levels. The present report contributes to informing this public debate, providing the results of a survey with 958 participants recruited from high-quality sample of the Dutch population. It provides an overview of public knowledge, perceptions, hopes and concerns about the adoption of AI and ADM across different societal sectors in the Netherlands. This report is part of a research collaboration between the Universities of Amsterdam, Tilburg, Radboud, Utrecht and Eindhoven (TU/e) on automated decision making, and forms input to the groups’ research on fairness in automated decision making.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {techreport} } Ongoing advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly part of scientific efforts as well as the public debate and the media agenda, raising hopes and concerns about the impact of automated decision making across different sectors of our society. This topic is receiving increasing attention at both national and cross- national levels. The present report contributes to informing this public debate, providing the results of a survey with 958 participants recruited from high-quality sample of the Dutch population. It provides an overview of public knowledge, perceptions, hopes and concerns about the adoption of AI and ADM across different societal sectors in the Netherlands. This report is part of a research collaboration between the Universities of Amsterdam, Tilburg, Radboud, Utrecht and Eindhoven (TU/e) on automated decision making, and forms input to the groups’ research on fairness in automated decision making. |
| Arnbak, A. Draconische Europese censuurwetten geen oplossing voor onwenselijke informatie online Het Financieele Dagblad, 2018 , 2018. @article{Arnbak2018l, title = {Draconische Europese censuurwetten geen oplossing voor onwenselijke informatie online}, author = {Arnbak, A.}, url = {https://axelarnbak.nl/2018/10/04/53e-fd-column-draconische-europese-censuurwetten-geen-oplossing-voor-onwenselijke-informatie-online/}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-04}, journal = {Het Financieele Dagblad}, volume = {2018}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| van Eijk, N. Naar echt onafhankelijk toezicht Tijdschrift voor Toezicht, 2018 (2-3), pp. 86-87, 2018, (Opinie). @article{Eijk2018m, title = {Naar echt onafhankelijk toezicht}, author = {van Eijk, N.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TvT_Opinie_2018.pdf}, doi = {doi: 10.5553/TvT/187987052018009002009}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-02}, journal = {Tijdschrift voor Toezicht}, volume = {2018}, number = {2-3}, pages = {86-87}, note = {Opinie}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Dommering, E. Nederlandse Jurisprudentie, 2018 (40), pp. 5615-5617, 2018. @article{Dommering2018k, title = {Annotatie bij Hof van Justitite van de EU 20 december 2017 (Asociaci\'{o}n Profesional Elite Taxi / Uber Systems Spain)}, author = {Dommering, E.}, url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_NJ_2018_361.pdf}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-02}, journal = {Nederlandse Jurisprudentie}, volume = {2018}, number = {40}, pages = {5615-5617}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
| Bastian, M. Media and Accountability in Latin America. Framework – Conditions – Instruments 2018. @phdthesis{Bastian2018, title = {Media and Accountability in Latin America. Framework \textendash Conditions \textendash Instruments}, author = {Bastian, M. }, year = {2018}, date = {2018-10-01}, address = {PhD thesis, TU Dortmund University}, type = {PhD thesis}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {phdthesis} } |
| Breemen, J. Protecting traditional cultural expressions – copyright tensions and human rights opportunities? G. Corradi K. de Feyter, Desmet Vanhees (eds.) E K (Ed.): Critical Indigenous Rights Studies, pp. 108-133, Routledge, 2018, ISBN: 9781138729339, ( Chapter in: Critical Indigenous Rights Studies, G. Corradi, K. de Feyter, E. Desmet, K. Vanhees (eds.), Routlegde, 2018.). @inbook{Breemen2018f, title = {Protecting traditional cultural expressions \textendash copyright tensions and human rights opportunities?}, author = {Breemen, J.}, editor = {G. Corradi, K. de Feyter, E. Desmet, K. Vanhees (eds.)}, url = {https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Indigenous-Rights-Studies/Corradi-de-Feyter-Desmet-Vanhees/p/book/9781138729339}, isbn = {9781138729339}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-09-28}, urldate = {2018-09-28}, booktitle = {Critical Indigenous Rights Studies}, pages = {108-133}, publisher = {Routledge}, abstract = {The protection of traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) is not a straightforward issue. At first sight, characteristics of TCEs and their protection suggest similarity to copyright works. However, TCE protection should not be viewed as simply an (isolated) intellectual property issue. Rather, the protection of TCEs is part of a broader (political) context and struggle for rights. The chapter focuses on showing the complexity of the interrelation between copyright and indigenous peoples’ rights. It argues that a cultural and indigenous rights perspective could help address tensions deriving from differing worldviews, the application of dominant, existing legal frameworks and diverging understandings of protecting creativity and works of culture.}, note = { Chapter in: Critical Indigenous Rights Studies, G. Corradi, K. de Feyter, E. Desmet, K. Vanhees (eds.), Routlegde, 2018.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {inbook} } The protection of traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) is not a straightforward issue. At first sight, characteristics of TCEs and their protection suggest similarity to copyright works. However, TCE protection should not be viewed as simply an (isolated) intellectual property issue. Rather, the protection of TCEs is part of a broader (political) context and struggle for rights. The chapter focuses on showing the complexity of the interrelation between copyright and indigenous peoples’ rights. It argues that a cultural and indigenous rights perspective could help address tensions deriving from differing worldviews, the application of dominant, existing legal frameworks and diverging understandings of protecting creativity and works of culture. |