@techreport{vanHoboken2020d,
title = {WODC-onderzoek: Voorziening voor verzoeken tot snelle verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and van Duin, A. and Blom, T. and Zarouali, B. and Fahy, R. and Steel, M. and Stringhi, E. and Helberger, N.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/WODC_voorziening_onrechtmatige_content.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-12},
abstract = {Dit onderzoek is uitgegeven als onderdeel van het speerpunt van de Minister voor Rechtsbescherming om de positie van slachtoffers van onrechtmatige uitingen op het internet te verbeteren. Aanleiding is dat het voor mensen als te moeilijk ervaren wordt om onrechtmatige online content snel verwijderd te krijgen. Dit rapport biedt inzicht in de juridische en praktische haalbaarheid van een voorziening voor de verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content die mensen persoonlijk raakt. Onrechtmatige content is informatie, door mensen op het internet geplaatst, die in strijd is met het recht, vanwege de schadelijke gevolgen ervan en/of omdat de belangen van anderen daardoor op ernstige wijze worden aangetast. Hierbij moet, bijvoorbeeld, gedacht worden aan bedreigingen, privacy-inbreuken of wraakporno. Het doel van de onderzochte voorziening is om mensen in staat te stellen deze onrechtmatige online content zo snel mogelijk te verwijderen. Het onderzoek focust op onrechtmatige online content die mensen in hun persoon raakt en daarmee onder het recht op priv\'{e}leven uit artikel 8 Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens (“EVRM”) valt.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@inbook{Appelman2020,
title = {Techno-optimism and solutionism as a crisis response},
author = {Appelman, N. and Toh, J. and Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://pure.uva.nl/admin/files/49662485/Data_Justice_and_COVID_19.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-08-27},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped how social, economic, and political power is created, exerted, and extended through technology. Through case studies from around the world, this book analyses the ways in which technologies of monitoring infections, information, and behaviour have been applied and justified during the emergency, what their side-effects have been, and what kinds of resistance they have met.},
note = {Chapter in L. Taylor, G. Sharma, A. Martin, and S. Jameson (eds.), Data Justice and COVID-19: Global Perspectives, Meatspace Press, 2020)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}

@techreport{vanHoboken2020b,
title = {Het juridisch kader voor de verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Rapport_desinformatie_december2019.pdf
https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Kamerbrief_desinformatie.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-14},
abstract = {Het onderzoek, uitgevoerd in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, analyseert het juridisch kader van toepassing op de verspreiding van desinformatie via online diensten. Het rapport biedt een uitgebreid overzicht van de relevante Europese en Nederlandse normen en doet aanbevelingen voor de verbetering van dit juridisch kader. Het onderzoek bevat daarnaast ook een analyse van het relevant wettelijke kader in de V.S., het V.K, Frankrijk, Duitsland, Canada en Zweden.
Het rapport maakt duidelijk hoe de vrijheid van meningsuiting als rode draad door het wettelijke kader loopt. Dit fundamentele recht vormt zowel de buitenste grens voor regulering als een basis voor nieuwe maatregelen, bijvoorbeeld voor de bescherming van pluralisme. Het wettelijk kader van toepassing op desinformatie blijkt zeer breed, bevat verschillende reguleringsniveaus, verschuift afhankelijk van de specifieke context en omvat vele al bestaande normen voor de regulering van specifieke typen desinformatie. Verder blijkt het toezicht op dit wettelijk kader vrij gefragmenteerd te zijn. Op basis van deze analyse komt het rapport tot aan aantal aanbevelingen. De aanbevelingen hebben onder andere betrekking op het gebruik van de term desinformatie als beleidsterm, het omgaan met de spanningen op de verschillende beleidsniveaus, de regulering van internettussenpersonen door middel van transparantie verplichtingen en de samenwerking tussen de verschillende toezichthouders.
Voorafgaand aan deze eindrapportage is in eind 2019 het interim-rapport gepubliceerd. Dit rapport focuste op de relatie tussen desinformatie en online politieke advertenties. Beide studies zijn onderdeel van het onderzoeksproject ‘Digital Transition of Decision-Making at the Faculty of Law of the University of Amsterdam’ dat zich buigt over vraagstukken gerelateerd aan kunstmatige intelligentie en publieke waarden, data governance, en online platforms. },
note = {Rapport voor het ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, Amsterdam, december 2019},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@techreport{vanHoboken2020c,
title = {The legal framework on the dissemination of disinformation through Internet services and the regulation of political advertising},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Report_Disinformation_Dec2019-1.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-14},
abstract = {The study, commissioned by the Dutch government, focusses on the legal framework governing the dissemination of disinformation, in particular through Internet services. The study provides an extensive overview of relevant European and Dutch legal norms relating to the spread of online disinformation, and recommendations are given on how to improve this framework. Additionally, the study includes an analysis of the relevant legal framework in 6 different countries (U.K., U.S., France, Germany, Sweden and Canada).
The report makes clear how the freedom of expression runs as a central theme through the legal framework, both forming the outer limit for possible regulation and a legal basis to create new regulation (e.g. protecting pluralism). The legal framework governing disinformation online is shown to be very broad, encompassing different levels of regulation, shifting depending on the context and already regulating many different types of disinformation. Further, oversight seems to be fragmented with many different supervisory authorities involved but limited cooperation. Based on this analysis, the report offers several recommendations, such as on the use of disinformation not as a legal term but a policy term, on negotiating the tensions on the different policy levels, on the regulation of internet intermediaries including transparency obligations and on increased cooperation between the relevant supervisory authorities.
Previously, the interim report focussing on political advertising was published in late 2019. Both these studies have been carried out in the context of the research initiative on the Digital Transition of Decision-Making at the Faculty of Law of the University of Amsterdam, focussing on questions related to AI and public values, data governance and online platforms.},
note = {A report for the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, Amsterdam, December 2019},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@inbook{vanHoboken2020,
title = {The Privacy Disconnect},
author = {van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/human-rights-age-platforms
https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/privacy_disconnect.pdf},
isbn = {9780262039055},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-07},
booktitle = {Chapter in: Human Rights in the Age of Platforms, ed. R.F. J\orgensen, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2019.},
pages = {255-284},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}

@article{Fahy2019eb,
title = {European Regulation of Smartphone Ecosystems},
author = {Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://edpl.lexxion.eu/article/EDPL/2019/4/6},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2019/4/6},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-13},
journal = {European Data Protection Law Review (EDPL)},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {476-491},
abstract = {For the first time, two pieces of EU legislation will specifically target smartphone ecosystems in relation to smartphone and mobile software (eg, iOS and Android) privacy, and use and monetisation of data. And yet, both pieces of legislation approach data use and data monetisation from radically contrasting perspectives. The first is the proposed ePrivacy Regulation, which seeks to provide enhanced protection against user data monitoring and tracking in smartphones, and safeguard privacy in electronic communications. On the other hand, the recently enacted Platform-to-Business Regulation 2019, seeks to bring fairness to platform-business user relations (including app stores and app developers), and is crucially built upon the premise that the ability to access and use data, including personal data, can enable important value creation in the online platform economy. This article discusses how these two Regulations will apply to smartphone ecosystems, especially relating to user and device privacy. The article analyses the potential tension points between the two sets of rules, which result from the underlying policy objectives of safeguarding privacy in electronic communications and the functioning of the digital economy in the emerging era of platform governance. The article concludes with a discussion on how to address these issues, at the intersection of privacy and competition in the digital platform economy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{vanHoboken2019c,
title = {De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Appelman, N. and Fahy, R. and Leerssen, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Eijk, N. and Helberger, N.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/verspreiding_desinformatie_internetdiensten_tussenrapportage.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-31},
abstract = {Rapport in opdracht van het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties, bijlage bij Kamerstuk 2019-2020, 30821, nr. 91, Tweede Kamer.},
note = {Tussenrapportage oktober 2019},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{Harambam2019b,
title = {Designing for the Better by Taking Users into Account: A Qualitative Evaluation of User Control Mechanisms in (News) Recommender Systems},
author = {Harambam, J. and Bountouridis, D. and Makhortykh, M. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/paper_recsys_19.pdf
https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3347014},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-09-19},
journal = {RecSys'19: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems},
pages = {69-77},
abstract = {Recommender systems (RS) are on the rise in many domains. While they offer great promises, they also raise concerns: lack of transparency, reduction of diversity, little to no user control. In this paper, we align with the normative turn in computer science which scrutinizes the ethical and societal implications of RS. We focus and elaborate on the concept of user control because that mitigates multiple problems at once. Taking the news industry as our domain, we conducted four focus groups, or moderated think-aloud sessions, with Dutch news readers (N=21) to systematically study how people evaluate different control mechanisms (at the input, process, and output phase) in a News Recommender Prototype (NRP). While these mechanisms are sometimes met with distrust about the actual control they offer, we found that an intelligible user profile (including reading history and flexible preferences settings), coupled with possibilities to influence the recommendation algorithms is highly valued, especially when these control mechanisms can be operated in relation to achieving personal goals. By bringing (future) users' perspectives to the fore, this paper contributes to a richer understanding of why and how to design for user control in recommender systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{vanHoboken2019b,
title = {Hosting intermediary services and illegal content online: An analysis of the scope of article 14 ECD in light of developments in the online service landscape},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Quintais, J. and Poort, J. and van Eijk, N.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/hosting_intermediary_services.pdf},
doi = {10.2759/284542},
isbn = {9789279930027},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-06},
volume = {2018},
publisher = {European Union},
abstract = {This short study looks at the scope of the hosting safe harbour, in view of policies with respect to illegal content online and questions about the scope of Article 14 of the Electronic Commerce Directive (2000/31/EC) from a legal and practical perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the question of what are the kinds of services that could invoke Article 14 ECD and develops an updated typology of hosting intermediaries for policy experts. It outlines the different potential revenue streams of different hosting intermediaries and discusses how these revenue streams may influence the incentives of services to address unlawful or infringing third-party activity. Finally, the study discusses the most important legal issues with respect to the scope of Article 14 ECD, focusing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU and other legal developments.
},
note = {A study prepared for the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content & Technology, European Union, 2018, 47 p.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{vanHoboken2019,
title = {The Proposed EU Terrorism Content Regulation: Analysis and Recommendations with Respect to Freedom of Expression Implications},
author = {van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TERREG_FoE-ANALYSIS.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-09},
abstract = {Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Heller2019,
title = {Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Summary of United States and European Law},
author = {Heller, B. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/TWG_Freedom_of_Expression.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-09},
abstract = {Working paper of the Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Fahy2019e,
title = {Mobile Privacy and Business-to-Platform Dependencies: An Analysis of SEC Disclosures},
author = {Fahy, R. and van Hoboken, J. and van Eijk, N.},
url = {https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/jbtl/vol14/iss1/4/},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-06},
journal = {Journal of Business & Technology Law },
volume = {14},
number = {1},
abstract = {This Article systematically examines the dependence of mobile apps on mobile platforms for the collection and use of personal information through an analysis of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings of mobile app companies. The Article uses these disclosures to find systematic evidence of how app business models are shaped by the governance of user data by mobile platforms, in order to reflect on the role of platforms in privacy regulation more generally. The analysis of SEC filings documented in the Article produces new and unique insights into the data practices and data-related aspects of the business models of popular mobile apps and shows the value of SEC filings for privacy law and policy research more generally. The discussion of SEC filings and privacy builds on regulatory developments in SEC disclosures and cybersecurity of the last decade. The Article also connects to recent regulatory developments in the U.S. and Europe, including the General Data Protection Regulation, the proposals for a new ePrivacy Regulation and a Regulation of fairness in business-to-platform relations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Harambam2018b,
title = {Democratizing algorithmic news recommenders: how to materialize voice in a technologically saturated media ecosystem},
author = {Harambam, J. and Helberger, N. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roypta/376/2133/20180088.full.pdf
},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0088},
isbn = {1364\textendash503X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-23},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A},
volume = {376},
number = {2135},
pages = {1-21},
abstract = {The deployment of various forms of AI, most notably of machine learning algorithms, radically transforms many domains of social life. In this paper we focus on the news industry, where different algorithms are used to customize news offerings to increasingly specific audience preferences. While this personalization of news enables media organizations to be more receptive to their audience, it can be questioned whether current deployments of algorithmic news recommenders (ANR) live up to their emancipatory promise. Like in various other domains, people have little knowledge of what personal data is used and how such algorithmic curation comes about, let alone that they have any concrete ways to influence these data-driven processes. Instead of going down the intricate avenue of trying to make ANR more transparent, we explore in this article ways to give people more influence over the information news recommendation algorithms provide by thinking about and enabling possibilities to express voice. After differentiating four ideal typical modalities of expressing voice (alternation, awareness, adjustment and obfuscation) which are illustrated with currently existing empirical examples, we present and argue for algorithmic recommender personae as a way for people to take more control over the algorithms that curate people's news provision.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{Irion2017b,
title = {A Roadmap to Enhancing User Control via Privacy Dashboards},
author = {Irion, K. and Yakovleva, S. and van Hoboken, J. and Thompson, M.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/PrivacyBridgesUserControls2017.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-26},
abstract = {This report presents and draws on multidisciplinary insights into what characterises effective user control over the collection and use of personal data. User controls arise from the interplay of a number of conditions. These are partly technical but also connected to different aspects of user behaviour, the intricacies of design, as well as the internal and external incentives in privacy governance that exist today. Our review of the state of research underscores that devising effective user controls require close collaboration between different disciplines, clear regulatory guidance and scientifically-backed assessments. },
note = {Amsterdam / Hong Kong: IViR, 2017.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@misc{Borgesius2017b,
title = {An Assessment of the Commission's Proposal on Privacy and Electronic Communications},
author = {Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. and van Hoboken, J. and Fahy, R. and Irion, K. and Rozendaal, M.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/IPOL_STU2017583152_EN.pdf},
doi = {10.2861/614076},
isbn = {9789284611010},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-15},
abstract = {This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, appraises the European Commission’s proposal for an ePrivacy Regulation. The study assesses whether the proposal would ensure that the right to the protection of personal data, the right to respect for private life and communications, and related rights enjoy a high standard of protection. The study also highlights the proposal’s potential benefits and drawbacks more generally.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@techreport{Schulz2016,
title = {Human rights and encryption},
author = {Schulz, W. and van Hoboken, J. },
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/human_rights_and_encryption.pdf},
isbn = {9789231001857},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-01},
pages = {83 pp.},
publisher = {UNESCO Publishing},
series = {UNESCO Series on Internet Freedom},
abstract = {The study provides an overview of encryption technologies and their impact on human rights. It analyzes in-depth the role of encryption in the media and communications landscape, and the impact on different services, entities and end users. It highlights good practices and examines the legal environment surrounding encryption as well as various case studies of encryption policies. Built on this exploration and analysis, the research provides recommendations on encryption policy that are useful for various stakeholders. These include signaling the need to counter the lack of gender sensitivity in the current debate, and also highlighting ideas for enhancing “encryption literacy”.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@techreport{Rieke2016,
title = {Data Brokers in an Open Society},
author = {Rieke, A. and Yu, H. and Robinson, D. and van Hoboken, J.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/data-brokers-in-an-open-society-upturn.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@techreport{,
title = {Study of fundamental rights limitations for online enforcement through self-regulation},
author = {Hins, A. and Hugenholtz, P. and McGonagle, T. and van Daalen, O. and van Hoboken, J. and Angelopoulos, C. and Brody, A. and Margoni, T.},
url = {https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/study_fundamental_rights_limitations.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-16},
note = {Study supported by the Open Society Foundations, 96 pp.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{,
title = {Scoping Electronic Communication Privacy Rules: Data, Services and Values},
author = {van Hoboken, J. and Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/1721.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-19},
journal = {JIPITEC},
number = {3},
pages = {198-210.},
abstract = {
We use electronic communication networks for more than simply traditional telecommunications: we access the news, buy goods online, file our taxes, contribute to public debate, and more. As a result, a wider array of privacy interests is implicated for users of electronic communications networks and services. . This development calls into question the scope of electronic communications privacy rules. This paper analyses the scope of these rules, taking into account the rationale and the historic background of the European electronic communications privacy framework. We develop a framework for analysing the scope of electronic communications privacy rules using three approaches: (i) a service-centric approach, (ii) a data-centric approach, and (iii) a value-centric approach. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The current e-Privacy Directive contains a complex blend of the three approaches, which does not seem to be based on a thorough analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. The upcoming review of the directive announced by the European Commission provides an opportunity to improve the scoping of the rules.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {De wind van Snowden in de Amerikaanse informatieparaplu},
author = {A.M. Arnbak and J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/981.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-08-06},
journal = {Mediaforum},
number = {7/8},
pages = {173},
note = {Opinie},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Gespreksnotitie RTG 'praktijken, gevolgen en wettelijke kaders inzake het aftappen van persoonsgegevens'},
author = {A.M. Arnbak and J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/978.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-06-25},
note = {
Vaste Commissie Binnenlandse Zaken, 26 juni 2013.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}

@misc{,
title = {Obscured by Clouds or How to Address Governmental Access to Cloud Data From Abroad},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken and A.M. Arnbak and N.A.N.M. van Eijk},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/obscured_by_clouds.pdf},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-06-11},
note = {
Draft paper presented at Privacy Law Scholars Conference 2013, 6-7 June, Berkeley, United States. Zie ook: Snowden saga reveals gap in protection of European data, Financial Times, 29 July 2013, p. 2. 
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}

@techreport{,
title = {Cloud Computing in Higher Education and Research Institutions and the USA Patriot Act},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken and A.M. Arnbak and N.A.N.M. van Eijk},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Cloud_Computing_Patriot_Act_2012.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-11-29},
abstract = {
Institutions have started to move their data and ICT operations into the cloud. It is becoming clear that this is leading to a decrease of overview and control over government access to data for law enforcement and national security purposes. This report looks at the possibilities for the U.S. government to obtain access to information in the cloud from Dutch institutions on the basis of U.S. law and on the basis of Dutch law and international co-operation. It concludes that the U.S. legal state of affairs implies that the transition towards the cloud has important negative consequences for the possibility to manage information confidentiality, information security and the privacy of European end users in relation to foreign governments. The Patriot Act from 2001 has started to play a symbolic role in the public debate. It is one important element in a larger, complex and dynamic legal framework for access to data for law enforcement and national security purposes. In particular, the FISA Amendments Act provision for access to data of non-U.S. persons outside the U.S. enacted in 2008 deserves attention. The report describes this and other legal powers for the U.S. government to obtain data of non-U.S. persons located outside of the U.S. from cloud providers that fall under its jurisdiction. Such jurisdiction applies widely, namely to cloud services that conduct systematic business in the United States and is not dependent on the location where the data are stored, as is often assumed. For non-U.S. persons located outside of the U.S., constitutional protection is not applicable and the statutory safeguards are minimal. In the Netherlands and across the EU, government agencies have legal powers to obtain access to cloud data as well. These provisions can also be be used to assist the U.S. government, when it does not have jurisdiction for instance, but they must stay within the constitutional safeguards set by national constitutions, the European Convention on Human Rights and the EU Charter.
},
note = {
This is the English translation of a report that was released in September 2012 in The Netherlands. It was covered extensively in Dutch newspapers, on Radio1 and the 8 PM news bulletin of public broadcaster NOS. Politicians across the spectrum reacted on the report, both directly in the media and through Parliamentary questions. Meanwhile, the State Secretary of Security and Justice has responded to the Parliamentary questions on 15 October 2012.

The report is also available on SSRN.



See also:

- Patriot Act can "obtain" data in Europe, researchers say, CBS News, 4 December 2012;

- Im Bann des amerikanischen Schnüffelwahns, Süd Deutsche, 10 January 2013.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@book{,
title = {Search engine freedom: On the implications of the Right to Freedom of Expression for the Legal Governance of Web Search Engines},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/685.pdf},
isbn = {9789041141286},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-11-22},
publisher = {Kluwer Law International },
address = {Alphen aan den Rijn},
series = {Information Law Series },
abstract = {
In this book, the author explores how search media can be incorporated into freedom of expression doctrine, as well as media and communications law and policy more generally. And the book develops a theory of the legal relations between national governments and search media providers on the one hand and between end-users and information providers on the other. Among the many issues covered are the following: role of government under the right to freedom of expression; lack of transparency about the ranking and selection of search results; search engine and ISP intermediary liability; filtering by access providers; freedom of expression and the governance of public libraries; the search engine market, its business model and the separation rule for advertising; search engine self-regulation; user profiling and personalization; decisions and actions for which search engines should be able to claim protection. The analysis draws on specific legal developments under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the United States First Amendment, and investigates issues of diversity, pluralism, and freedom of expression as they relate to editorial control in other media. The author concludes with recommendations regarding search engine governance and the proper role of government, indicating which existing elements of the regulatory framework for search media can be improved and offering directions for future legal and empirical research. Considering the ever-growing cultural, political, and economic importance of the Internet and the World Wide Web in our societies, and the societal interests involved in the availability of effective search tools, this first in-depth legal analysis of search engine freedom will prove indispensable to the many practitioners and policymakers concerned with freedom of expression in the digital age
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}

@techreport{,
title = {Cloud diensten in hoger onderwijs en onderzoek en de USA Patriot Act},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken and N.A.N.M. van Eijk and A.M. Arnbak},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Clouddiensten_in_HO_en_USA_Patriot_Act.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-09-12},
abstract = {
Instellingen en gebruikers gaan massaal over op de cloud, en daardoor vermindert de controle en het overzicht over de toegang tot onze gegevens door overheden. Dit heeft belangrijke consequenties voor de privacy en andere fundamentele belangen bij de vertrouwelijkheid van informatie. Er is de laatste tijd veel geroepen over de Patriot Act, maar niemand heeft goed zicht op de Amerikaanse wetgeving die de VS de mogelijkheid van toegang geeft tot gegevens in de cloud. Dit rapport van het IViR in opdracht van SURFdirect geeft antwoord op deze belangrijke vragen. De Amerikaanse Grondwet en de specifieke wetten beschermen buitenlanders in mindere mate dan Amerikanen. Cloudgegevens van niet-Amerikanen in het buitenland kunnen daarom sneller en makkelijker worden opgevraagd dan van Amerikanen, en dat zonder juridische waarborgen als transparantie over het aantal opvragingen en rechtsbescherming van het individu. Daarnaast wordt het maatschappelijke debat gedomineerd door hardnekkige misvattingen en een te grote focus op de Patriot Act. Er is sprake van een veel groter geheel aan wetgeving. Voor opvraging door Amerikaanse autoriteiten maakt het niet uit op welke plek in de wereld cloudgegevens zijn opgeslagen. Het hoeft ook geen Amerikaanse cloudprovider te zijn. Als een Nederlandse cloudaanbieder structureel zaken doet in de VS, dan geeft VS wet- en regelgeving in beginsel al de mogelijkheid voor VS autoriteiten om gegevens op te vragen vanuit Nederland. Voor afnemers van clouddiensten zullen zulke relaties in de praktijk moeilijk te achterhalen zijn en door overnames in de sector kan de situatie opeens veranderen.
},
note = {
Rapport in opdracht van SURF, september 2012.

Zie ook:

- Persbericht van SURF;

- Toezicht op gegevens in een cloud is hard nodig, NOS Journaal, zaterdag 13 oktober 2012;

- Cyberaanvallen nieuwe vorm van politieke acties, Joris van Hoboken op Radio 1, zaterdag 13 oktober 2012;

- Reactie van Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, Radio 1, zaterdag 13 oktober 2012;

- Kamervragen SP;

- Antwoord Staatssecretaris Teeven op vragen SP;

- Onrust patiëntendossier neemt toe, website NOS, 30 november 2012;

- VS kan toegang tot EPD krijgen, video NOS journaal, 30 november 2012;

- 'De vraag is of VS medisch geheim Nederland zal respecteren', NOS journaal, 30 november 2012.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{,
title = {Het recht op vergetelheid: een oud recht in een verkeerd jasje},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/P&I_2012_3.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-07-05},
journal = {Privacy & Informatie},
number = {3},
pages = {126-127},
series = { },
note = {
Column.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {The Right to be Forgotten and the Media Exception in the Proposed Data Protection Regulation},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://greenmediabox.eu/archive/2012/06/28/data-protection/},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-07-05},
note = {
Contribution to the European Parliament Hearing on Data Protection for the Digital Age, 28 June 2012, Brussels.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}

@article{,
title = {(Fast)food for thoughts: de uitspraak van het Hof van Justitie in de Scarlet/Sabam-zaak},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken and N. Helberger},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/NTER_2012_02.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-03-13},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor Europees recht},
number = {2},
pages = {75-82},
abstract = {
Met Scarlet/Sabam heeft het Hof van Justitie een belangrijke uitspraak gedaan over de juiste balans in de handhaving van intellectuele eigendomsrechten op internet en zorgplichten van ISPs. Meer concreet gaat het over het controversiële gebruik van internet monitoring en filters door ISPs voor het verkeer van hun klanten in de 'strijd tegen piraterij'. De discussie rond de handhaving van auteursrechtschendingen op het internet en de betrokkenheid van ISPs is buitengewoon actueel, ook met het oog op een aantal recente ontwikkelingen in Europa, waaronder de aanvulling van delen uit de E-Commerce Richtlijn. Dit artikel plaatst de uitspraak in zijn grotere politieke context en biedt een aantal kritische reflecties.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Little Brother Is Tagging You - Legal and Policy Implications of Amateur Data Controllers},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken and N. Helberger},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/CRi_2010_4.pdf},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-03-15},
journal = {Computer Law International (CRi)},
number = {4},
pages = {101-109.},
abstract = {
This article argues that the instances in which amateur users will fall under the ambit of data protection law are not the exception, but rather the rule. Based on an analysis of the provisions of the European Data Protection Directive, the article demonstrates that existing data protection law burdens amateur users with provisions that exceed the personal, technical and financial capacities of most Social Network Sites (SNS) users, that do no fit the SNS context or that users are simply not able to comply with without assistance from the SNS provider. While it is unacceptable to burden amateurs with a number of obligations that exceed their capacities, it is also not feasible to place all the burdens on SNS providers, since many of the privacy problems of SNSs are in fact user-made. All this points to a concept of joint-responsibility of SNS users and providers. The article concludes with a number of concrete suggestions on how such a concept of joint responsibility could be given form.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Het belang van privacy. Verwarring over het burgerrecht van de 21ste eeuw,},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://classic.skor.nl/4814/nl/joris-van-hoboken-het-belang-van-privacy},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-06-03},
journal = {Open},
number = {19},
publisher = {NAi Uitgevers},
note = {
Voorbij privacy. Nieuwe opvattingen  over het private en publieke domein
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@techreport{,
title = {User-Created-Content: Supporting a participative Information Society, Final Report},
author = {Swart, E. and Helberger, N. and Guibault, L. and van Hoboken, J. and van Eijk, N. and Angelopoulos, C.},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/User_created_content.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-10-28},
pages = {302},
note = {
Studie in opdracht van de Europese Commissie, uitgevoerd door IDATE, TNO en IViR.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}

@article{,
title = {De kranten gaan deaud! Leve de journalistiek?},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Mediaforum_2009_9.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-09-30},
journal = {Mediaforum},
number = {9},
pages = {309},
note = {
Opinie
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Privacy in het publieke domein (Universiteit van Amsterdam)},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Privacy_in_het_publieke_domein_OpeningAcademischJaar.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-09-30},
note = {
Opening Academisch Jaar 2009-2010, Universiteit van Amsterdam

 
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij EHRM 10 maart 2009 (Times Newspapers/United Kingdom)},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Mf_2009_4.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-04-28},
journal = {Mediaforum},
number = {4},
pages = {167-169},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij HvJEG 10 februari 2009 (Ierland/Parlement en Raad)},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_bij_HvJEG_10_feb_2009_Ierland_tegen_Europees_Parlement_en_de_Raad.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-30},
journal = {Privacy & Informatie},
number = {2},
pages = {5},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{,
title = {Legal Space for Innovative Ordering. On the Need to Update Selection Intermediary Liability in the EU},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/legal_space_for_innovative_ordering.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-30},
journal = {International Journal of Communications Law & Policy},
number = {13},
pages = {2-21},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Looking Ahead\textemdashFuture Issues when Reflecting on the Place of the iConsumer in Consumer Law and Copyright Law,},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken and N. Helberger},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Looking_Ahead-Future_Issues_When_Reflecting_on_the_Place_of_the_iConsumer_in_Consumer_Law_and_Copyright_Law.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-30},
journal = {Journal of Consumer Policy},
number = {31},
pages = {489-496},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{,
title = {Zoekmachines en de Wbp: over de grens van onze digitale horizon},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/zoekmachines_en_de_wbp.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-30},
journal = {Privacy & Informatie},
number = {6},
pages = {210-216},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Freedom of Expression Implications for the Governance of Search},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/699.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-30},
booktitle = {Searching for Audiovisual Content},
journal = {IRIS Special},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{,
title = {Workshop on Audiovisual Search: Summary of the Discussion},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken and C.J. Angelopoulos},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/700.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-03-30},
note = {
In: Searching for Audiovisual Content, IRIS Special 2008, Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory, p. 1-10.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{,
title = {De aansprakelijkheid van zoekmachines: Uitzondering zonder regels of regels zonder uitzondering?},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Computerrecht_2008_1.pdf},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-03-28},
journal = {Computerrecht},
number = {1},
pages = {15-22},
abstract = {
Deze bijdrage gaat in op een belangrijk en lastig juridisch vraagstuk voor zoekmachines, namelijk de aansprakelijkheid voor onrechtmatige zoekresultaten. Alvorens tot een bespreking van het geldende recht over te gaan, zal het onderwerp worden uitgewerkt (§ 2) en worden stilgestaan bij het beleid van de bekendste zoekmachines (§ 3). Daarna volgt een bespreking van de relevante wetgeving op Nederlands en Europees niveau (§ 4) en een bespreking van de Nederlandse jurisprudentie (§ 5). Gezien de bestaande onduidelijkheid zal deze bijdrage afsluiten met een schematische bespreking van de verschillende aanknopingspunten voor het bepalen van de zorgplicht van zoekmachines ten aanzien van onrechtmatige zoekresultaten (§ 6). Om alvast op de conclusie (§ 7) vooruit te lopen: er is nog veel werk te doen voor wetgever, rechtspraak en zoekmachines.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{,
title = {Annotatie bij Rb. Amsterdam 26 april 2007 (Jensen / Google)},
author = {J.V.J. van Hoboken},
url = {http://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/Annotatie_Mf_2007_6.pdf},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-07-05},
journal = {Mediaforum},
number = {6},
pages = {205-208},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}